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T.

T (tē), the twentieth letter of the English alphabet, is a nonvocal consonant. With the letter h it forms the digraph th, which has two distinct sounds, as in thin, then. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§262-264, and also §§153, 156, 169, 172, 176, 178-180.

The letter derives its name and form from the Latin, the form of the Latin letter being further derived through the Greek from the Phœnician. The ultimate origin is probably Egyptian. It is etymologically most nearly related to d, s, th; as in tug, duke; two, dual, L. duo; resin, L. resina, Gr. "rhti`nh, tent, tense, a., tenuous, thin; nostril, thrill. See D, S.

T bandage (Surg.), a bandage shaped like the letter T, and used principally for application to the groin, or perineum. -- T cart, a kind of fashionable two seated wagon for pleasure driving. -- T iron. (a) A rod with a short crosspiece at the end, -- used as a hook. (b) Iron in bars, having a cross section formed like the letter T, -- used in structures. -- T rail, a kind of rail for railroad tracks, having no flange at the bottom so that a section resembles the letter T. -- T square, a ruler having a crosspiece or head at one end, for the purpose of making parallel lines; -- so called from its shape. It is laid on a drawing board and guided by the crosspiece, which is pressed against the straight edge of the board. Sometimes the head is arranged to be set at different angles. -- To a T, exactly, perfectly; as, to suit to a T. [Colloq.]

Ta (?), v. t. To take. [Obs. or Scot.] Cursor Mundi.

&fist; Used by Chaucer to represent a peculiarity of the Northern dialect.

Taas (?), n. A heap. See Tas. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tab (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] 1. The flap or latchet of a shoe fastened with a string or a buckle.

2. A tag. See Tag, 2.

3. A loop for pulling or lifting something.

4. A border of lace or other material, worn on the inner front edge of ladies' bonnets.

5. A loose pendent part of a lady's garment; esp., one of a series of pendent squares forming an edge or border.

Ta*bac"co (?), n. Tobacco. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

||Ta*ba"nus (?), n. [L., horsefly.] (Zoöl.) A genus of blood sucking flies, including the horseflies.

Tab"ard (?), n. [OE. tabard, tabart; cf. Sp. & Pg. tabardo, It. tabarro, W. tabar, LGr. &?;, LL. tabardum.] A sort of tunic or mantle formerly worn for protection from the weather. When worn over the armor it was commonly emblazoned with the arms of the wearer, and from this the name was given to the garment adopted for heralds. [Spelt also taberd.]

In a tabard he [the Plowman] rode upon a mare.
Chaucer.

Tab"ard*er (?), n. 1. One who wears a tabard.

2. A scholar on the foundation of Queen's College, Oxford, England, whose original dress was a tabard. Nares.

Tab"a*ret (?), n. [Cf. Tabby.] A stout silk having satin stripes, -- used for furniture.

Tab`a*sheer" (?), n. [Per. tabāshīr: cf. Skr. tvakkshīrā, tvakshīrā.] A concretion in the joints of the bamboo, which consists largely or chiefly of pure silica. It is highly valued in the East Indies as a medicine for the cure of bilious vomitings, bloody flux, piles, and various other diseases.

Tab"bi*net (?), n. [Cf. Tabby.] A fabric like poplin, with a watered surface. [Written also tabinet.]

Tab"by (?), n.; pl. Tabbies (#). [F. tabis (cf. It. tabì, Sp. & Pg. tabí, LL. attabi), fr. Ar. 'attābī, properly the name of a quarter of Bagdad where it was made, the quarter being named from the prince Attab, great grandson of Omeyya. Cf. Tobine.] 1. A kind of waved silk, usually called watered silk, manufactured like taffeta, but thicker and stronger. The watering is given to it by calendering.

2. A mixture of lime with shells, gravel, or stones, in equal proportions, with an equal proportion of water. When dry, this becomes as hard as rock. Weale.

3. A brindled cat; hence, popularly, any cat.

4. An old maid or gossip. [Colloq.] Byron.

Tab"by (?), a. 1. Having a wavy or watered appearance; as, a tabby waistcoat. Pepys.

2. Brindled; diversified in color; as, a tabby cat.

Tabby moth (Zoöl.), the grease moth. See under Grease.

Tab"by, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabbied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabbying (?).] To water; to cause to look wavy, by the process of calendering; to calender; as, to tabby silk, mohair, ribbon, etc.

Tab`e*fac"tion (?), n. [See Tabefy.] A wasting away; a gradual losing of flesh by disease.

Tab"e*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabefying (?).] [L. tabere to waste away + -fy: cf. L. tabefacere to melt.] To cause to waste gradually, to emaciate. [R.] Harvey.

Ta*bel"lion (?), n. [L. tabellio, fr. tabella a tablet, a writing, document, dim. of tabula a board: cf. F. tabellion. See Table.] A secretary or notary under the Roman empire; also, a similar officer in France during the old monarchy.

Ta"ber (?), v. i. Same as Tabor. Nahum ii. 7.

Tab"erd (?), n. See Tabard.

Tab"er*na*cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. tabernaculum, dim. of taberna nut. See Tabern.] 1. A slightly built or temporary habitation; especially, a tent.

Dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob.
Heb. xi. 9.

Orange trees planted in the ground, and secured in winter with a wooden tabernacle and stoves.
Evelyn.

2. (Jewish Antiq.) A portable structure of wooden framework covered with curtains, which was carried through the wilderness in the Israelitish exodus, as a place of sacrifice and worship. Ex. xxvi.

3. Hence, the Jewish temple; sometimes, any other place for worship. Acts xv. 16.

4. Figuratively: The human body, as the temporary abode of the soul.

Shortly I must put off this my tabernacle.
2 Pet. i. 14.

5. Any small cell, or like place, in which some holy or precious things was deposited or kept. Specifically: --

(a) The ornamental receptacle for the pyx, or for the consecrated elements, whether a part of a building or movable.

(b) A niche for the image of a saint, or for any sacred painting or sculpture.

(c) Hence, a work of art of sacred subject, having a partially architectural character, as a solid frame resting on a bracket, or the like.

(d) A tryptich for sacred imagery.

(e) A seat or stall in a choir, with its canopy.

6. (Naut.) A boxlike step for a mast with the after side open, so that the mast can be lowered to pass under bridges, etc.

Feast of Tabernacles (Jewish Antiq.), one of the three principal festivals of the Jews, lasting seven days, during which the people dwelt in booths formed of the boughs of trees, in commemoration of the habitation of their ancestors in similar dwellings during their pilgrimage in the wilderness. -- Tabernacle work, rich canopy work like that over the head of niches, used over seats or stalls, or over sepulchral monuments. Oxf. Gloss.

Tab"er*na*cle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tabernacled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabernacling (?).] To dwell or reside for a time; to be temporary housed.

He assumed our nature, and tabernacled among us in the flesh.
Dr. J. Scott.

Tab`er*nac"u*lar (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a tabernacle, especially the Jewish tabernacle.

2. Formed in latticework; latticed. T. Warton.

3. Of or pertaining to huts or booths; hence, common; low. "Horribly tabernacular." De Quincey.

||Ta"bes (t&amc;"bēz), n. [L., a wasting disease.] (Med.) Progressive emaciation of the body, accompanied with hectic fever, with no well-marked local symptoms.

||Tabes dorsalis (dôr*sā"l&ibreve;s) [NL., tabes of the back], locomotor ataxia; -- sometimes called simply tabes. -- ||Tabes mesenterica (&?;) [NL., mesenteric tabes], a wasting disease of childhood characterized by chronic inflammation of the lymphatic glands of the mesentery, attended with caseous degeneration.

Ta*bes"cent (?), a. [L. tabescens wasting, p. pr. of tabescere.] Withering, or wasting away.

Ta*bet"ic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to tabes; of the nature of tabes; affected with tabes; tabid. -- n. One affected with tabes.

Tab"id (?), a. [L. tabidus: cf. F. tabide. See Tabes.] (Med.) Affected by tabes; tabetic.

In tabid persons, milk is the bset restorative.
Arbuthnot.

-- Tab"id*ly, adv. -- Tab"id*ness, n.

{ Ta*bif"ic (?), Ta*bif"ic*al (?), } a. [Tabes + L. facere to make.] (Med.) Producing tabes; wasting; tabefying.

Tab"inet (?), n. See Tabbinet. Thackeray.

Tab"la*ture (?), n. [Cf. F. tablature ancient mode of musical notation. See Table.] 1. (Paint.) A painting on a wall or ceiling; a single piece comprehended in one view, and formed according to one design; hence, a picture in general. Shaftesbury.

2. (Mus.) An ancient mode of indicating musical sounds by letters and other signs instead of by notes.

The chimes of bells are so rarely managed that I went up to that of Sir Nicholas, where I found who played all sorts of compositions from the tablature before him as if he had fingered an organ.
Evelyn.

3. (Anat.) Division into plates or tables with intervening spaces; as, the tablature of the cranial bones.

Ta"ble (?), n. [F., fr. L. tabula a board, tablet, a painting. Cf. Tabular, Taffrail, Tavern.] 1. A smooth, flat surface, like the side of a board; a thin, flat, smooth piece of anything; a slab.

A bagnio paved with fair tables of marble.
Sandys.

2. A thin, flat piece of wood, stone, metal, or other material, on which anything is cut, traced, written, or painted; a tablet; pl. a memorandum book. "The names . . . written on his tables." Chaucer.

And the Lord said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first, and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables, which thou brakest.
Ex. xxxiv. 1.

And stand there with your tables to glean
The golden sentences.
Beau. & Fl.

3. Any smooth, flat surface upon which an inscription, a drawing, or the like, may be produced. "Painted in a table plain." Spenser.

The opposite walls are painted by Rubens, which, with that other of the Infanta taking leave of Don Philip, is a most incomparable table.
Evelyn.

St. Antony has a table that hangs up to him from a poor peasant.
Addison.

4. Hence, in a great variety of applications: A condensed statement which may be comprehended by the eye in a single view; a methodical or systematic synopsis; the presentation of many items or particulars in one group; a scheme; a schedule. Specifically: --

(a) (Bibliog.) A view of the contents of a work; a statement of the principal topics discussed; an index; a syllabus; a synopsis; as, a table of contents.

(b) (Chem.) A list of substances and their properties; especially, a list of the elementary substances with their atomic weights, densities, symbols, etc.

(c) (Mach.) Any collection and arrangement in a condensed form of many particulars or values, for ready reference, as of weights, measures, currency, specific gravities, etc.; also, a series of numbers following some law, and expressing particular values corresponding to certain other numbers on which they depend, and by means of which they are taken out for use in computations; as, tables of logarithms, sines, tangents, squares, cubes, etc.; annuity tables; interest tables; astronomical tables, etc.

(d) (Palmistry) The arrangement or disposition of the lines which appear on the inside of the hand.

Mistress of a fairer table
Hath not history for fable.
B. Jonson.

5. An article of furniture, consisting of a flat slab, board, or the like, having a smooth surface, fixed horizontally on legs, and used for a great variety of purposes, as in eating, writing, or working.

We may again
Give to our tables meat.
Shak.

The nymph the table spread.
Pope.

6. Hence, food placed on a table to be partaken of; fare; entertainment; as, to set a good table.

7. The company assembled round a table.

I drink the general joy of the whole table.
Shak.

8. (Anat.) One of the two, external and internal, layers of compact bone, separated by diploë, in the walls of the cranium.

9. (Arch.) A stringcourse which includes an offset; esp., a band of stone, or the like, set where an offset is required, so as to make it decorative. See Water table.

10. (Games) (a) The board on the opposite sides of which backgammon and draughts are played. (b) One of the divisions of a backgammon board; as, to play into the right-hand table. (c) pl. The games of backgammon and of draughts. [Obs.] Chaucer.

This is the ape of form, monsieur the nice,
That, when he plays at tables, chides the dice.
Shak.

11. (Glass Manuf.) A circular plate of crown glass.

A circular plate or table of about five feet diameter weighs on an average nine pounds.
Ure.

12. (Jewelry) The upper flat surface of a diamond or other precious stone, the sides of which are cut in angles.

13. (Persp.) A plane surface, supposed to be transparent and perpendicular to the horizon; -- called also perspective plane.

14. (Mach.) The part of a machine tool on which the work rests and is fastened.

Bench table, Card table, Communion table, Lord's table, etc. See under Bench, Card, etc. -- Raised table (Arch. & Sculp.), a raised or projecting member of a flat surface, large in proportion to the projection, and usually rectangular, -- especially intended to receive an inscription or the like. -- Roller table (Horology), a flat disk on the arbor of the balance of a watch, holding the jewel which rolls in and out of the fork at the end of the lever of the escapement. -- Round table. See Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. -- Table anvil, a small anvil to be fastened to a table for use in making slight repairs. -- Table base. (Arch.) Same as Water table. -- Table bed, a bed in the form of a table. -- Table beer, beer for table, or for common use; small beer. -- Table bell, a small bell to be used at table for calling servants. -- Table cover, a cloth for covering a table, especially at other than mealtimes. -- Table diamond, a thin diamond cut with a flat upper surface. -- Table linen, linen tablecloth, napkins, and the like. -- Table money (Mil. or Naut.), an allowance sometimes made to officers over and above their pay, for table expenses. -- Table rent (O. Eng. Law), rent paid to a bishop or religious, reserved or appropriated to his table or housekeeping. Burrill. -- Table shore (Naut.), a low, level shore. -- Table talk, conversation at table, or at meals. -- Table talker, one who talks at table. -- Table tipping, Table turning, certain movements of tables, etc., attributed by some to the agency of departed spirits, and by others to the development of latent vital or spriritual forces, but more commonly ascribed to the muscular force of persons in connection with the objects moved, or to physical force applied otherwise. -- Tables of a girder or chord (Engin.), the upper and lower horizontal members. -- To lay on the table, in parliamentary usage, to lay, as a report, motion, etc., on the table of the presiding officer, -- that is, to postpone the consideration of, by a vote. -- To serve tables (Script.), to provide for the poor, or to distribute provisions for their wants. Acts vi. 2. -- To turn the tables, to change the condition or fortune of contending parties; -- a metaphorical expression taken from the vicissitudes of fortune in gaming. -- Twelve tables (Rom. Antiq.), a celebrated body of Roman laws, framed by decemvirs appointed 450 years before Christ, on the return of deputies or commissioners who had been sent to Greece to examine into foreign laws and institutions. They consisted partly of laws transcribed from the institutions of other nations, partly of such as were altered and accommodated to the manners of the Romans, partly of new provisions, and mainly, perhaps, of laws and usages under their ancient kings. Burrill.

Ta"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tableed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tableing (?).] 1. To form into a table or catalogue; to tabulate; as, to table fines.

2. To delineate, as on a table; to represent, as in a picture. [Obs.]

Tabled and pictured in the chambers of meditation.
Bacon.

3. To supply with food; to feed. [Obs.] Milton.

4. (Carp.) To insert, as one piece of timber into another, by alternate scores or projections from the middle, to prevent slipping; to scarf.

5. To lay or place on a table, as money. Carlyle.

6. In parliamentary usage, to lay on the table; to postpone, by a formal vote, the consideration of (a bill, motion, or the like) till called for, or indefinitely.

7. To enter upon the docket; as, to table charges against some one.

8. (Naut.) To make board hems in the skirts and bottoms of (sails) in order to strengthen them in the part attached to the boltrope.

Ta"ble, v. i. To live at the table of another; to board; to eat. [Obs.] "He . . . was driven from the society of men to table with the beasts." South.

||Ta`bleau" (?), n.; pl. Tableaux (#). [F., dim. fr. L. tabula a painting. See Table.] 1. A striking and vivid representation; a picture.

2. A representation of some scene by means of persons grouped in the proper manner, placed in appropriate postures, and remaining silent and motionless.

||Ta`bleau" vi`vant" (?); pl. Tableaux vivants (#). [F.] Same as Tableau, n., 2.

Ta"ble*book` (?), n. A tablet; a notebook.

Put into your tablebook whatever you judge worthy.
Dryden.

Ta"ble*cloth` (?), n. A cloth for covering a table, especially one with which a table is covered before the dishes, etc., are set on for meals.

||Ta"ble d'hôte" (t&adot;"bl' dōt`); pl. Tables d'hôte (#). [F., literally, table of the landlord.] A common table for guests at a hotel; an ordinary.

Ta"ble-land` (?), n. A broad, level, elevated area of land; a plateau.

The toppling crags of Duty scaled,
Are close upon the shining table-lands
To which our God himself is moon and sun.
Tennyson.

Ta"ble*man (?), n.; pl. Tablemen (&?;). A man at draughts; a piece used in playing games at tables. See Table, n., 10. [R.] Bacon.

Ta"ble*ment (?), n. (Arch.) A table. [Obs.]

Tablements and chapters of pillars.
Holland.

Ta"bler (?), n. 1. One who boards. [Obs.]

2. One who boards others for hire. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ta"ble*spoon` (?), n. A spoon of the largest size commonly used at the table; -- distinguished from teaspoon, dessert spoon, etc.

Ta"ble*spoon`ful (?), n.; pl. Tablespoonfuls (&?;). As much as a tablespoon will hold; enough to fill a tablespoon. It is usually reckoned as one half of a fluid ounce, or four fluid drams.

Ta"blet (?), n. [F. tablette, dim. of table. See Table.] 1. A small table or flat surface.

2. A flat piece of any material on which to write, paint, draw, or engrave; also, such a piece containing an inscription or a picture.

3. Hence, a small picture; a miniature. [Obs.]

4. pl. A kind of pocket memorandum book.

5. A flattish cake or piece; as, tablets of arsenic were formerly worn as a preservative against the plague.

6. (Pharm.) A solid kind of electuary or confection, commonly made of dry ingredients with sugar, and usually formed into little flat squares; -- called also lozenge, and troche, especially when of a round or rounded form.

Ta"ble*ware` (?), n. Ware, or articles collectively, for table use.

Ta"bling (?), n. 1. A forming into tables; a setting down in order.

2. (Carp.) The letting of one timber into another by alternate scores or projections, as in shipbuilding.

3. (Naut.) A broad hem on the edge of a sail. Totten.

4. Board; support. [Obs.] Trence in English (1614).

5. Act of playing at tables. See Table, n., 10. [Obs.]

Tabling house, a gambling house. [Obs.] Northbrooke.

Ta*boo" (?), n. A total prohibition of intercourse with, use of, or approach to, a given person or thing under pain of death, -- an interdict of religious origin and authority, formerly common in the islands of Polynesia; interdiction. [Written also tabu.]

Ta*boo", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabooing.] To put under taboo; to forbid, or to forbid the use of; to interdict approach to, or use of; as, to taboo the ground set apart as a sanctuary for criminals. [Written also tabu.]

Ta"bor (?), n. [OF. tabor, tabour, F. tambour; cf. Pr. tabor, tanbor, Sp. & Pg. tambor, atambor, It. tamburo; all fr. Ar. & Per. tamb&?;r a kind of lute, or giutar, or Per. tabīr a drum. Cf. Tabouret, Tambour.] (Mus.) A small drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or fife, both being played by the same person. [Written also tabour, and taber.]

Ta"bor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tabored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taboring.] [Cf. OF. taborer.] [Written also tabour.] 1. To play on a tabor, or little drum.

2. To strike lightly and frequently.

Ta"bor, v. t. To make (a sound) with a tabor.

Ta"bor*er (?), n. One who plays on the tabor. Shak.

Tab"o*ret (?), n. [Dim. of tabor. Cf. Tabret.] (Mus.) A small tabor. [Written also tabouret.]

Tab"o*rine (?), n. [OF. tabourin, F. tambourin. See Tabor, and cf. Tambourine.] (Mus.) A small, shallow drum; a tabor.

Ta"bor*ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of certain Bohemian reformers who suffered persecution in the fifteenth century; -- so called from Tabor, a hill or fortress where they encamped during a part of their struggles.

Ta"bour (?), n. & v. See Tabor.

Tab"ou*ret (?), n. [F., dim. of OF. tabor, tabour, drum. See Tabor.] 1. Same as Taboret.

2. A seat without arms or back, cushioned and stuffed: a high stool; -- so called from its resemblance to a drum.

3. An embroidery frame. Knight.

Right of the tabouret, the privilege of sitting on a tabouret in the presence of the severeign, formerly granted to certain ladies of high rank at the French court.

Tab"rere (?), n. A taborer. [Obs.] Spenser.

Tab"ret (?), n. A taboret. Young.

Ta*bu" (?), n. & v. See Taboo.

||Tab"u*la (?), n.; pl. Tabulæ (#). [L.] 1. A table; a tablet.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the transverse plants found in the calicles of certain corals and hydroids.

Tabula rasa (&?;) [L.], a smoothed tablet; hence, figuratively, the mind in its earliest state, before receiving impressions from without; -- a term used by Hobbes, Locke, and others, in maintaining a theory opposed to the doctrine of innate ideas.

Tab"u*lar (?), a. [L. tabularis, fr. tabula a board, table. See Table.] Having the form of, or pertaining to, a table (in any of the uses of the word). Specifically: --

(a) Having a flat surface; as, a tabular rock.

(b) Formed into a succession of flakes; laminated.

Nodules . . . that are tabular and plated.
Woodward.

(c) Set in squares. [R.]

(d) Arranged in a schedule; as, tabular statistics.

(e) Derived from, or computed by, the use of tables; as, tabular right ascension.

Tabular difference (Math.), the difference between two consecutive numbers in a table, sometimes printed in its proper place in the table. -- Tabular spar (Min.), wollastonite.

Tab`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of tabularizing, or the state of being tabularized; formation into tables; tabulation.

Tab"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabularized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabularizing (?).] To tabulate.

||Tab`u*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tabulatus floored.] (Zoöl.) An artificial group of stony corals including those which have transverse septa in the calicles. The genera Pocillopora and Favosites are examples.

Tab"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabulating.] [L. tabula a table. See Tabular.] 1. To form into a table or tables; to reduce to tables or synopses.

A philosophy is not worth the having, unless its results may be tabulated, and put in figures.
I. Taylor.

2. To shape with a flat surface.

Tab`u*la"tion (?), n. The act of forming into a table or tables; as, the tabulation of statistics.

Tac (?), n. [Cf. Tack, n., 4.] (O. Eng. Law) A kind of customary payment by a tenant; -- a word used in old records. Cowell. Burrill.

{ Tac"a*ma*hac` (?), Tac`a*ma*ha"ca (?), } n. 1. A bitter balsamic resin obtained from tropical American trees of the genus Elaphrium (E. tomentosum and E. Tacamahaca), and also from East Indian trees of the genus Calophyllum; also, the resinous exhudation of the balsam poplar.

2. (Bot.) Any tree yielding tacamahac resin, especially, in North America, the balsam poplar, or balm of Gilead (Populus balsamifera).

Ta*caud" (?), n. [Cf. F. tacaud. See Tomcod.] (Zoöl.) The bib, or whiting pout. [Prov. Eng.]

Tace (?), n. The cross, or church, of St. Antony. See Illust. (6), under Cross, n. Mollett.

Tace, n. See Tasse. Fairholt.

||Ta"cet (?), v. impers. [L., it is silent, 3d pers.pr. of tacere to be silent.] (Mus.) It is silent; -- a direction for a vocal or instrumental part to be silent during a whole movement.

Tache (?), n. [See Tack a kind of nail.] Something used for taking hold or holding; a catch; a loop; a button. [Obs.] Ex. xxvi. 6.

Tache, n. [F. tache spot. See Techy.] A spot, stain, or blemish. [Obs.] Warner.

Tach*hy"drite (?), n. [Gr. tachy`s quick + "y`dwr water. So named from its ready deliquescence.] (Min.) A hydrous chloride of calcium and magnesium occurring in yellowish masses which rapidly deliquesce upon exposure. It is found in the salt mines at Stassfurt.

||Tach"i*na (?), n.; pl. Tachinæ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, for &?; swift.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Diptera belonging to Tachina and allied genera. Their larvæ are external parasites of other insects.

Ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; swiftness, speed (fr. tachy`s quick) + -meter: cf. F. tachomètre.] An instrument for measuring the velocity, or indicating changes in the velocity, of a moving body or substance. Specifically: --

(a) An instrument for measuring the velocity of running water in a river or canal, consisting of a wheel with inclined vanes, which is turned by the current. The rotations of the wheel are recorded by clockwork.

(b) An instrument for showing at any moment the speed of a revolving shaft, consisting of a delicate revolving conical pendulum which is driven by the shaft, and the action of which by change of speed moves a pointer which indicates the speed on a graduated dial.

(c) (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood; a hæmatachometer.

Tach"y*di*dax`y (?), n. [Gr. tachy`s quick + &?; teaching.] A short or rapid method of instructing. [R.]

||Tach`y*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. tachy`s quick + &?; tongue.] (Zoöl.) A division of monotremes which comprises the spiny ant-eaters of Australia and New Guinea. See Illust. under Echidna.

{ Tach`y*graph"ic (?), Tach`y*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. tachygraphique.] Of or pertaining to tachygraphy; written in shorthand.

Ta*chyg"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. tachy`s quick + -graphy: cf. F. tachygraphie.] The art or practice of rapid writing; shorthand writing; stenography. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

Tach"y*lyte (?), n. [Gr. tachy`s quick + &?; to dissolve.] (Min.) A vitreous form of basalt; -- so called because decomposable by acids and readily fusible.

Tac"it (?), a. [L. tacitus, p. p. of tacere to be silent, to pass over in silence; akin to Goth. þahan to be silent, Icel. þegja, OHG. dagēn: cf. F. tacite. Cf. Reticent.] Done or made in silence; implied, but not expressed; silent; as, tacit consent is consent by silence, or by not interposing an objection. -- Tac"it*ly, adv.

The tacit and secret theft of abusing our brother in civil contracts.
Jer. Taylor.

Tac"i*turn (?), a. [L. taciturnus: cf. F. taciturne. See Tacit.] Habitually silent; not given to converse; not apt to talk or speak. -- Tac"i*turn*ly, adv.

Syn. -- Silent; reserved. Taciturn, Silent. Silent has reference to the act; taciturn, to the habit. A man may be silent from circumstances; he is taciturn from disposition. The loquacious man is at times silent; one who is taciturn may now and then make an effort at conversation.

Tac`i*tur"ni*ty (?), n. [L. taciturnitas: cf. F. taciturnité.] Habilual silence, or reserve in speaking.

The cause of Addison's taciturnity was a natural diffidence in the company of strangers.
V. Knox.

The taciturnity and the short answers which gave so much offense.
Macaulay.

Tack (?), n. [From an old or dialectal form of F. tache. See Techy.] 1. A stain; a tache. [Obs.]

2. [Cf. L. tactus.] A peculiar flavor or taint; as, a musty tack. [Obs. or Colloq.] Drayton.

Tack, n. [OE. tak, takke, a fastening; akin to D. tak a branch, twig, G. zacke a twig, prong, spike, Dan. takke a tack, spike; cf. also Sw. tagg prickle, point, Icel. tāg a willow twig, Ir. taca a peg, nail, fastening, Gael. tacaid, Armor. & Corn. tach; perhaps akin to E. take. Cf. Attach, Attack, Detach, Tag an end, Zigzag.] 1. A small, short, sharp-pointed nail, usually having a broad, flat head.

2. That which is attached; a supplement; an appendix. See Tack, v. t., 3. Macaulay.

Some tacks had been made to money bills in King Charles's time.
Bp. Burnet.

3. (Naut.) (a) A rope used to hold in place the foremost lower corners of the courses when the vessel is closehauled (see Illust. of Ship); also, a rope employed to pull the lower corner of a studding sail to the boom. (b) The part of a sail to which the tack is usually fastened; the foremost lower corner of fore-and-aft sails, as of schooners (see Illust. of Sail). (c) The direction of a vessel in regard to the trim of her sails; as, the starboard tack, or port tack; -- the former when she is closehauled with the wind on her starboard side; hence, the run of a vessel on one tack; also, a change of direction.

4. (Scots Law) A contract by which the use of a thing is set, or let, for hire; a lease. Burrill.

5. Confidence; reliance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tack of a flag (Naut.), a line spliced into the eye at the foot of the hoist for securing the flag to the halyards. -- Tack pins (Naut.), belaying pins; -- also called jack pins. -- To haul the tacks aboard (Naut.), to set the courses. -- To hold tack, to last or hold out. Milton.

Tack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tacking.] [Cf. OD. tacken to touch, take, seize, fix, akin to E. take. See Tack a small nail.] 1. To fasten or attach. "In hopes of getting some commendam tacked to their sees." Swift.

And tacks the center to the sphere.
Herbert.

2. Especially, to attach or secure in a slight or hasty manner, as by stitching or nailing; as, to tack together the sheets of a book; to tack one piece of cloth to another; to tack on a board or shingle; to tack one piece of metal to another by drops of solder.

3. In parliamentary usage, to add (a supplement) to a bill; to append; -- often with on or to. Macaulay.

4. (Naut.) To change the direction of (a vessel) when sailing closehauled, by putting the helm alee and shifting the tacks and sails so that she will proceed to windward nearly at right angles to her former course.

&fist; In tacking, a vessel is brought to point at first directly to windward, and then so that the wind will blow against the other side.

Tack, v. i. (Naut.) To change the direction of a vessel by shifting the position of the helm and sails; also (as said of a vessel), to have her direction changed through the shifting of the helm and sails. See Tack, v. t., 4.

Monk, . . . when he wanted his ship to tack to larboard, moved the mirth of his crew by calling out, "Wheel to the left."
Macaulay.

Tack"er (?), n. One who tacks.

Tack"et (?), n. [Dim. of tack a small nail.] A small, broad-headed nail. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Tack"ey (?), a. & n. See Tacky.

Tack"ing, n. (Law) A union of securities given at different times, all of which must be redeemed before an intermediate purchaser can interpose his claim. Bouvier.

&fist; The doctrine of tacking is not recognized in American law. Kent.

Tac"kle (?; sometimes improperly pronounced ?, especially by seamen), n. [OE. takel, akin to LG. & D. takel, Dan. takkel, Sw. tackel; perhaps akin to E. taw, v.t., or to take.] 1. Apparatus for raising or lowering heavy weights, consisting of a rope and pulley blocks; sometimes, the rope and attachments, as distinct from the block.

2. Any instruments of action; an apparatus by which an object is moved or operated; gear; as, fishing tackle, hunting tackle; formerly, specifically, weapons. "She to her tackle fell." Hudibras.

&fist; In Chaucer, it denotes usually an arrow or arrows.

3. (Naut.) The rigging and apparatus of a ship; also, any purchase where more than one block is used.

Fall and tackle. See the Note under Pulley. -- Fishing tackle. See under Fishing, a. -- Ground tackle (Naut.), anchors, cables, etc. -- Gun tackle, the apparatus or appliances for hauling cannon in or out. -- Tackle fall, the rope, or rather the end of the rope, of a tackle, to which the power is applied. -- Tack tackle (Naut.), a small tackle to pull down the tacks of the principal sails. -- Tackle board, Tackle post (Ropemaking), a board, frame, or post, at the end of a ropewalk, for supporting the spindels, or whirls, for twisting the yarns.

Tac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tackled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tackling.] [Cf. LG. takeln to equip. See Tackle, n.] 1. To supply with tackle. Beau. & Fl.

2. To fasten or attach, as with a tackle; to harness; as, to tackle a horse into a coach or wagon. [Colloq.]

3. To seize; to lay hold of; to grapple; as, a wrestler tackles his antagonist; a dog tackles the game.

The greatest poetess of our day has wasted her time and strength in tackling windmills under conditions the most fitted to insure her defeat.
Dublin Univ. Mag.

Tac"kled (?), a. Made of ropes tacked together.

My man shall be with thee,
And bring thee cords made like a tackled stair.
Shak.

Tac"kling, n. (Naut.) 1. Furniture of the masts and yards of a vessel, as cordage, sails, etc.

2. Instruments of action; as, fishing tackling. Walton.

3. The straps and fixures adjusted to an animal, by which he draws a carriage, or the like; harness.

Tacks"man (?), n.; pl. Tacksmen (&?;). (Scots Law) One who holds a tack or lease from another; a tenant, or lessee. Sir W. Scott.

The tacksmen, who formed what may be called the "peerage" of the little community, must be the captains.
Macaulay.

Tack"y (?), a. [Cf. Techy, Tack a spot.] Sticky; adhesive; raw; -- said of paint, varnish, etc., when not well dried. [U. S.]

Ta*con"ic (?), a. (Geol.) Designating, or pertaining to, the series of rocks forming the Taconic mountains in Western New England. They were once supposed to be older than the Cambrian, but later proved to belong to the Lower Silurian and Cambrian.

Tact (?), n. [L. tactus a touching, touch, fr. tangere, tactum, to touch: cf. F. tact. See Tangent.] 1. The sense of touch; feeling.

Did you suppose that I could not make myself sensible to tact as well as sight?
Southey.

Now, sight is a very refined tact.
J. Le Conte.

2. (Mus.) The stroke in beating time.

3. Sensitive mental touch; peculiar skill or faculty; nice perception or discernment; ready power of appreciating and doing what is required by circumstances.

He had formed plans not inferior in grandeur and boldness to those of Richelieu, and had carried them into effect with a tact and wariness worthy of Mazarin.
Macaulay.

A tact which surpassed the tact of her sex as much as the tact of her sex surpassed the tact of ours.
Macaulay.

Tac"ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being touched; tangible. [R.] "They [women] being created to be both tractable and tactable." Massinger.

{ Tac"tic (?), Tac"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;. See tactics.] Of or pertaining to the art of military and naval tactics. -- Tac"tic*al*ly, adv.

Tac"tic (?), n. See Tactics.

Tac*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. tacticien.] One versed in tactics; hence, a skillful maneuverer; an adroit manager.

Tac"tics (?), n. [Gr. &?;, pl., and &?; (sc. &?;, sing., fr. &?; fit for ordering or arranging, fr. &?;, &?;, to put in order, to arrange: cf. F. tactique.] 1. The science and art of disposing military and naval forces in order for battle, and performing military and naval evolutions. It is divided into grand tactics, or the tactics of battles, and elementary tactics, or the tactics of instruction.

2. Hence, any system or method of procedure.

Tac"tile (?), a. [L. tactilis, fr. tangere, tactum, to touch: cf. F. tactile.] Of or pertaining to the organs, or the sense, of touch; perceiving, or perceptible, by the touch; capable of being touched; as, tactile corpuscles; tactile sensations. "Tactile sweets." Beaumont. "Tactile qualities." Sir M. Hale.

Tactile sense (Physiol.), the sense of touch, or pressure sense. See Touch.

The delicacy of the tactile sense varies on different parts of the skin; it is geatest on the forehead, temples and back of the forearm.
H. N. Martin.

Tac*til"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. tactilité.] The quality or state of being tactile; perceptibility by touch; tangibleness.

Tac"tion (?), n. [L. tactio, from tangere, tactum, to touch.] The act of touching; touch; contact; tangency. "External taction." Chesterfield.

Tact"less (?), a. Destitute of tact.

Tac"tu*al (?), a. [See Tact.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to the sense, or the organs, of touch; derived from touch.

In the lowest organisms we have a kind of tactual sense diffused over the entire body.
Tyndall.

Tad"pole` (?), n. [OE. tadde toad (AS. tādie, tādige) + poll; properly, a toad that is or seems all head. See Toad, and Poll.] 1. (Zoöl.) The young aquatic larva of any amphibian. In this stage it breathes by means of external or internal gills, is at first destitute of legs, and has a finlike tail. Called also polliwig, polliwog, porwiggle, or purwiggy.

2. (Zoöl.) The hooded merganser. [Local, U. S.]

Tadpole fish. (Zoöl.) See Forkbeard (a).

||Tæ"di*um (?), n. [L.] See Tedium.

Tael (?), n. [Malay ta&?;l, a certain weight, probably fr. Hind. tola, Skr. tulā a balance, weight, tul to weigh.] A denomination of money, in China, worth nearly six shillings sterling, or about a dollar and forty cents; also, a weight of one ounce and a third. [Written also tale.]

{ Taen (?), or Ta'en }, p. p. of Ta, to take, or a contraction of Taken. [Poetic & Scot.] Burns.

||Tæ"ni*a (?), n.; pl. Tæniæ (#). [L., a ribbon, a tapeworm.] 1. (Zoöl.) A genus of intestinal worms which includes the common tapeworms of man. See Tapeworm.

2. (Anat.) A band; a structural line; -- applied to several bands and lines of nervous matter in the brain.

3. (Arch.) The fillet, or band, at the bottom of a Doric frieze, separating it from the architrave.

||Tæ*ni"a*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Tænioidea.

||Tæ`ni*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. taenia a ribbon.] (Zoöl.) A division of Ctenophora including those which have a long, ribbonlike body. The Venus's girdle is the most familiar example.

||Tæ*nid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Tænidia (#). [NL., dim. fr. L. taenia a ribbon.] (Zoöl.) The chitinous fiber forming the spiral thread of the tracheæ of insects. See Illust. of Trachea.

||Tæ`ni*o*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a ribbon + &?; a tongue.] (Zoöl.) An extensive division of gastropod mollusks in which the odontophore is long and narrow, and usually bears seven rows of teeth. It includes a large number of families both marine and fresh-water.

Tæ`ni*o*glos"sate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Tænioglossa.

Tæ"ni*oid (?), a. [Tænia + -oid.] 1. Ribbonlike; shaped like a ribbon.

2. (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to Tænia.

||Tæ`ni*oi"de*a (?), n. pl. (Zoöl.) The division of cestode worms which comprises the tapeworms. See Tapeworm.

||Tæ*ni"o*la (?), n.; pl. Tæniolæ (#). [L., dim. of taenia a ribbon.] (Zoöl.) One of the radial partitions which separate the internal cavities of certain medusæ.

||Tæ`ni*o*so"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ribbon + &?; body.] (Zoöl.) An order of fishes remarkable for their long and compressed form. The ribbon fishes are examples. See Ribbon fish, under Ribbon.

Taf"fer*er (?), n. (Naut.) See Taffrail.

{ Taf"fe*ta (?), Taf"fe*ty (?), } n. [F. taffetas, It. taffetà, from Per. tāftah, originally, twisted, woven, from tāftan to twist, to spin.] A fine, smooth stuff of silk, having usually the wavy luster called watering. The term has also been applied to different kinds of silk goods, from the 16th century to modern times.

Lined with taffeta and with sendal.
Chaucer.

Taff"rail (?), n. [D. tafereel a panel, picture, fr. tafel table, fr. L. tabula. See Table.] (Naut.) The upper part of a ship's stern, which is flat like a table on the top, and sometimes ornamented with carved work; the rail around a ship's stern. [Written also tafferel.]

Taf"fy (?), n. [Prov. E. taffy toffy.] 1. A kind of candy made of molasses or brown sugar boiled down and poured out in shallow pans. [Written also, in England, toffy.]

2. Flattery; soft phrases. [Slang]

Taf"i*a (?), n. [Cf. F. & Sp. tafia, It. taffia; fr. Malay tāfīa a spirit distilled from molasses. Cf. Ratafia.] A variety of rum. [West Indies]

Tag (?), n. [Probably akin to tack a small nail; cf. Sw. tagg a prickle, point, tooth.] 1. Any slight appendage, as to an article of dress; something slight hanging loosely; specifically, a direction card, or label.

2. A metallic binding, tube, or point, at the end of a string, or lace, to stiffen it.

3. The end, or catchword, of an actor's speech; cue.

4. Something mean and paltry; the rabble. [Obs.]

Tag and rag, the lowest sort; the rabble. Holinshed.

5. A sheep of the first year. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tagging (?).] 1. To fit with, or as with, a tag or tags.

He learned to make long-tagged thread laces.
Macaulay.

His courteous host . . .
Tags every sentence with some fawning word.
Dryden.

2. To join; to fasten; to attach. Bolingbroke.

3. To follow closely after; esp., to follow and touch in the game of tag. See Tag, a play.

Tag, v. i. To follow closely, as it were an appendage; -- often with after; as, to tag after a person.

Tag, n. [From Tag, v.; cf. Tag, an end.] A child's play in which one runs after and touches another, and then runs away to avoid being touched.

Tag"belt` (?), n. (Far.) Same as Tagsore. [Obs.]

Tag"ger (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, appends or joins one thing to another.

2. That which is pointed like a tag.

Hedgehogs' or procupines' small taggers.
Cotton.

3. pl. Sheets of tin or other plate which run below the gauge. Knight.

4. A device for removing taglocks from sheep. Knight.

Tag"let (?), n. A little tag.

||Tagl"ia (?), n. [It., a cutting, a pulley, from tagliare to cut. See Tailor.] (Mech.) A peculiar combination of pulleys. Brande & C.

Tagl`ia*co"tain (?), a. (Surg.) Of or pertaining to Tagliacozzi, a Venetian surgeon; as, the Tagliacotian operation, a method of rhinoplasty described by him. [Also Taliacotian, and Tagliacozzian.]

Tagl*io"ni (?), n. A kind of outer coat, or overcoat; -- said to be so named after a celebrated Italian family of professional dancers.

He ought certainly to exchange his taglioni, or comfortable greatcoat, for a cuirass of steel.
Sir W. Scott.

Tag"lock` (?), n. An entangled lock, as of hair or wool. Nares.

Tag"ni*cate (?), n. (Zoöl.) The white-lipped peccary.

Tag"-rag` (?), n. & a. [See Tag an end, and Rag.] The lowest class of people; the rabble. Cf. Rag, tag, and bobtail, under Bobtail.

If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, I am no true man.
Shak.

Tag"sore` (?), n. (Far.) Adhesion of the tail of a sheep to the wool from excoriation produced by contact with the feces; -- called also tagbelt. [Obs.]

Tag"tail` (?), n. 1. A worm which has its tail conspicuously colored.

2. A person who attaches himself to another against the will of the latter; a hanger-on.

Tag"u*an (?), n. [From the native name in the East Indies.] (Zoöl.) A large flying squirrel (Pteromys petuarista). Its body becomes two feet long, with a large bushy tail nearly as long.

Ta`gui*ca"ti (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoöl.) The white-lipped peccary.

Ta"ha (?), n. The African rufous-necked weaver bird (Hyphantornis texor).

Ta*ha"leb (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoöl.) A fox (Vulpes Niloticus) of Northern Africa.

Ta*hi"ti*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tahiti, an island in the Pacific Ocean. -- n. A native inhabitant of Tahiti.

Tahr (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Thar.

Tail (?), n. [F. taille a cutting. See Entail, Tally.] (Law) Limitation; abridgment. Burrill.

Estate in tail, a limited, abridged, or reduced fee; an estate limited to certain heirs, and from which the other heirs are precluded; -- called also estate tail. Blackstone.

Tail, a. (Law) Limited; abridged; reduced; curtailed; as, estate tail.

Tail, n. [AS. tægel, tægl; akin to G. zagel, Icel. tagl, Sw. tagel, Goth. tagl hair. √59.] 1. (Zoöl.) The terminal, and usually flexible, posterior appendage of an animal.

&fist; The tail of mammals and reptiles contains a series of movable vertebræ, and is covered with flesh and hairs or scales like those of other parts of the body. The tail of existing birds consists of several more or less consolidated vertebræ which supports a fanlike group of quills to which the term tail is more particularly applied. The tail of fishes consists of the tapering hind portion of the body ending in a caudal fin. The term tail is sometimes applied to the entire abdomen of a crustacean or insect, and sometimes to the terminal piece or pygidium alone.

2. Any long, flexible terminal appendage; whatever resembles, in shape or position, the tail of an animal, as a catkin.

Doretus writes a great praise of the distilled waters of those tails that hang on willow trees.
Harvey.

3. Hence, the back, last, lower, or inferior part of anything, -- as opposed to the head, or the superior part.

The Lord will make thee the head, and not the tail.
Deut. xxviii. 13.

4. A train or company of attendants; a retinue.

"Ah," said he, "if you saw but the chief with his tail on."
Sir W. Scott.

5. The side of a coin opposite to that which bears the head, effigy, or date; the reverse; -- rarely used except in the expression "heads or tails," employed when a coin is thrown up for the purpose of deciding some point by its fall.

6. (Anat.) The distal tendon of a muscle.

7. (Bot.) A downy or feathery appendage to certain achenes. It is formed of the permanent elongated style.

8. (Surg.) (a) A portion of an incision, at its beginning or end, which does not go through the whole thickness of the skin, and is more painful than a complete incision; -- called also tailing. (b) One of the strips at the end of a bandage formed by splitting the bandage one or more times.

9. (Naut.) A rope spliced to the strap of a block, by which it may be lashed to anything.

10. (Mus.) The part of a note which runs perpendicularly upward or downward from the head; the stem. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

11. pl. Same as Tailing, 4.

12. (Arch.) The bottom or lower portion of a member or part, as a slate or tile.

13. pl. (Mining) See Tailing, n., 5.

Tail beam. (Arch.) Same as Tailpiece. -- Tail coverts (Zoöl.), the feathers which cover the bases of the tail quills. They are sometimes much longer than the quills, and form elegant plumes. Those above the quills are called the upper tail coverts, and those below, the under tail coverts. -- Tail end, the latter end; the termination; as, the tail end of a contest. [Colloq.] -- Tail joist. (Arch.) Same as Tailpiece. -- Tail of a comet (Astron.), a luminous train extending from the nucleus or body, often to a great distance, and usually in a direction opposite to the sun. -- Tail of a gale (Naut.), the latter part of it, when the wind has greatly abated. Totten. -- Tail of a lock (on a canal), the lower end, or entrance into the lower pond. -- Tail of the trenches (Fort.), the post where the besiegers begin to break ground, and cover themselves from the fire of the place, in advancing the lines of approach. -- Tail spindle, the spindle of the tailstock of a turning lathe; -- called also dead spindle. -- To turn tail, to run away; to flee.

Would she turn tail to the heron, and fly quite out another way; but all was to return in a higher pitch.
Sir P. Sidney.

Tail, v. t. 1. To follow or hang to, like a tail; to be attached closely to, as that which can not be evaded. [Obs.]

Nevertheless his bond of two thousand pounds, wherewith he was tailed, continued uncanceled, and was called on the next Parliament.
Fuller.

2. To pull or draw by the tail. [R.] Hudibras.

To tail in or on (Arch.), to fasten by one of the ends into a wall or some other support; as, to tail in a timber.

Tail, v. i. 1. (Arch.) To hold by the end; -- said of a timber when it rests upon a wall or other support; -- with in or into.

2. (Naut.) To swing with the stern in a certain direction; -- said of a vessel at anchor; as, this vessel tails down stream.

Tail on. (Naut.) See Tally on, under Tally.

Tail"age (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) See Tallage.

Tail"-bay` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) One of the joists which rest one end on the wall and the other on a girder; also, the space between a wall and the nearest girder of a floor. Cf. Case-bay.

2. The part of a canal lock below the lower gates.

Tail"block` (?), n. (Naut.) A block with a tail. See Tail, 9.

Tail"board` (?), n. The board at the rear end of a cart or wagon, which can be removed or let down, for convenience in loading or unloading.

Tailed (?), a. Having a tail; having (such) a tail or (so many) tails; -- chiefly used in composition; as, bobtailed, longtailed, etc.

Snouted and tailed like a boar.
Grew.

Tail"ing (?), n. 1. (Arch.) The part of a projecting stone or brick inserted in a wall. Gwilt.

2. (Surg.) Same as Tail, n., 8 (a).

3. Sexual intercourse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. pl. The lighter parts of grain separated from the seed threshing and winnowing; chaff.

5. pl. (Mining) The refuse part of stamped ore, thrown behind the tail of the buddle or washing apparatus. It is dressed over again to secure whatever metal may exist in it. Called also tails. Pryce.

Taille (?), n. [F. See Tally, Tailor.] 1. A tally; an account scored on a piece of wood. [Obs.]

Whether that he paid or took by taille.
Chaucer.

2. (O. F. Law) Any imposition levied by the king, or any other lord, upon his subjects.

The taille, as it still subsists in France, may serve as an example of those ancient tallages. It was a tax upon the profits of the farmer, which they estimate by the stock that he has upon the farm.
A. Smith.

3. (Mus.) The French name for the tenor voice or part; also, for the tenor viol or viola.

Tail"less (?), a. Having no tail. H. Spencer.

Tail"lie (?), n. (Scots Law) Same as Tailzie.

Tai"lor (?), n. [OF. tailleor, F. tailleur, fr. OF. taillier, F. tailler to cut, fr. L. talea a rod, stick, a cutting, layer for planting. Cf. Detail, Entail, Retail, Tally, n.] 1. One whose occupation is to cut out and make men's garments; also, one who cuts out and makes ladies' outer garments.

Well said, good woman's tailor . . . I would thou wert a man's tailor.
Shak.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The mattowacca; -- called also tailor herring. (b) The silversides.

3. (Zoöl.) The goldfish. [Prov. Eng.]

Salt-water tailor (Zoöl.), the bluefish. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. -- Tailor bird (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small Asiatic and East Indian singing birds belonging to Orthotomus, Prinia, and allied genera. They are noted for the skill with which they sew leaves together to form nests. The common Indian species are O. longicauda, which has the back, scapulars, and upper tail coverts yellowish green, and the under parts white; and the golden-headed tailor bird (O. coronatus), which has the top of the head golden yellow and the back and wings pale olive-green.

Tai"lor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tailored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tailoring.] To practice making men's clothes; to follow the business of a tailor.

These tailoring artists for our lays
Invent cramped rules.
M. Green.

Tai"lor*ess, n. A female tailor.

Tai"lor*ing, adv. The business or the work of a tailor or a tailoress.

Tail"piece` (?), n. 1. A piece at the end; an appendage.

2. (Arch.) One of the timbers which tail into a header, in floor framing. See Illust. of Header.

3. (Print.) An ornament placed at the bottom of a short page to fill up the space, or at the end of a book. Savage.

4. A piece of ebony or other material attached to the lower end of a violin or similar instrument, to which the strings are fastened.

Tail"pin" (?), n. (Mach.) The center in the spindle of a turning lathe.

Tail"race` (?), n. 1. See Race, n., 6.

2. (Mining) The channel in which tailings, suspended in water, are conducted away.

Tail"stock` (?), n. The sliding block or support, in a lathe, which carries the dead spindle, or adjustable center. The headstock supports the live spindle.

Tail"-wa`ter (?), n. Water in a tailrace.

Tail"zie (-z&ibreve; or -y&ibreve;), n. [F. tailler to cut. See Tail a limitation.] (Scots Law) An entailment or deed whereby the legal course of succession is cut off, and an arbitrary one substituted. [Written also tailzee.]

Tain (?), n. [OE. tein, teyne; cf. Icel. teinn a twig, akin to AS. tān, Goth. tains.] Thin tin plate; also, tin foil for mirrors. Knight.

Taint (?), n. [Cf. F. atteinte a blow, bit, stroke. See Attaint.] 1. A thrust with a lance, which fails of its intended effect. [Obs.]

This taint he followed with his sword drawn from a silver sheath.
Chapman.

2. An injury done to a lance in an encounter, without its being broken; also, a breaking of a lance in an encounter in a dishonorable or unscientific manner. [Obs.]

Taint, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tainted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tainting.] To thrust ineffectually with a lance. [Obs.]

Taint, v. t. 1. To injure, as a lance, without breaking it; also, to break, as a lance, but usually in an unknightly or unscientific manner. [Obs.]

Do not fear; I have
A staff to taint, and bravely.
Massinger.

2. To hit or touch lightly, in tilting. [Obs.]

They tainted each other on the helms and passed by.
Ld. Berners.

Taint, v. t. [F. teint, p. p. of teindre to dye, tinge, fr. L. tingere, tinctum. See Tinge, and cf. Tint.] 1. To imbue or impregnate with something extraneous, especially with something odious, noxious, or poisonous; hence, to corrupt; to infect; to poison; as, putrid substance taint the air.

2. Fig.: To stain; to sully; to tarnish.

His unkindness may defeat my life,
But never taint my love.
Shak.

Syn. -- To contaminate; defile; pollute; corrupt; infect; disease; vitiate; poison.

Taint (?), v. i. 1. To be infected or corrupted; to be touched with something corrupting.

I can not taint with fear.
Shak.

2. To be affected with incipient putrefaction; as, meat soon taints in warm weather.

Taint, n. 1. Tincture; hue; color; tinge. [Obs.]

2. Infection; corruption; deprivation.

He had inherited from his parents a scrofulous taint, which it was beyond the power of medicine to remove.
Macaulay.

3. A blemish on reputation; stain; spot; disgrace.

Taint"less, a. Free from taint or infection; pure.

Taint"less*ly, adv. In a taintless manner.

Tain"ture (?), n. [F. teinture. See Taint to stain, and cf. Tincture.] Taint; tinge; difilement; stain; spot. [R.] Shak.

Taint"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A destructive parasitic worm or insect larva.

Tai"ra (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tayra.

Tairn (?), n. See Tarn. Coleridge.

Tait (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small nocturnal and arboreal Australian marsupial (Tarsipes rostratus) about the size of a mouse. It has a long muzzle, a long tongue, and very few teeth, and feeds upon honey and insects. Called also noolbenger.

{ Ta*jaç"u, Ta*jas"su } (?), n. [Pg. tajaçú, from Braz. tayaçú a hog or swine.] (Zoöl.) The common, or collared, peccary.

Take (?), obs. p. p. of Take. Taken. Chaucer.

Take, v. t. [imp. Took (?); p. p. Takend (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taking.] [Icel. taka; akin to Sw. taga, Dan. tage, Goth. tēkan to touch; of uncertain origin.] 1. In an active sense; To lay hold of; to seize with the hands, or otherwise; to grasp; to get into one's hold or possession; to procure; to seize and carry away; to convey. Hence, specifically: --

(a) To obtain possession of by force or artifice; to get the custody or control of; to reduce into subjection to one's power or will; to capture; to seize; to make prisoner; as, to take am army, a city, or a ship; also, to come upon or befall; to fasten on; to attack; to seize; -- said of a disease, misfortune, or the like.

This man was taken of the Jews.
Acts xxiii. 27.

Men in their loose, unguarded hours they take;
Not that themselves are wise, but others weak.
Pope.

They that come abroad after these showers are commonly taken with sickness.
Bacon.

There he blasts the tree and takes the cattle
And makes milch kine yield blood.
Shak.

(b) To gain or secure the interest or affection of; to captivate; to engage; to interest; to charm.

Neither let her take thee with her eyelids.
Prov. vi. 25.

Cleombroutus was so taken with this prospect, that he had no patience.
Wake.

I know not why, but there was a something in those half-seen features, -- a charm in the very shadow that hung over their imagined beauty, -- which took me more than all the outshining loveliness of her companions.
Moore.

(c) To make selection of; to choose; also, to turn to; to have recourse to; as, to take the road to the right.

Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken.
1 Sam. xiv. 42.

The violence of storming is the course which God is forced to take for the destroying . . . of sinners.
Hammond.

(d) To employ; to use; to occupy; hence, to demand; to require; as, it takes so much cloth to make a coat.

This man always takes time . . . before he passes his judgments.
I. Watts.

(e) To form a likeness of; to copy; to delineate; to picture; as, to take picture of a person.

Beauty alone could beauty take so right.
Dryden.

(f) To draw; to deduce; to derive. [R.]

The firm belief of a future judgment is the most forcible motive to a good life, because taken from this consideration of the most lasting happiness and misery.
Tillotson.

(g) To assume; to adopt; to acquire, as shape; to permit to one's self; to indulge or engage in; to yield to; to have or feel; to enjoy or experience, as rest, revenge, delight, shame; to form and adopt, as a resolution; -- used in general senses, limited by a following complement, in many idiomatic phrases; as, to take a resolution; I take the liberty to say.

(h) To lead; to conduct; as, to take a child to church.

(i) To carry; to convey; to deliver to another; to hand over; as, he took the book to the bindery.

He took me certain gold, I wot it well.
Chaucer.

(k) To remove; to withdraw; to deduct; -- with from; as, to take the breath from one; to take two from four.

2. In a somewhat passive sense, to receive; to bear; to endure; to acknowledge; to accept. Specifically: --

(a) To accept, as something offered; to receive; not to refuse or reject; to admit.

Ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer.
Num. xxxv. 31.

Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore.
1 Tim. v. 10.

(b) To receive as something to be eaten or dronk; to partake of; to swallow; as, to take food or wine.

(c) Not to refuse or balk at; to undertake readily; to clear; as, to take a hedge or fence.

(d) To bear without ill humor or resentment; to submit to; to tolerate; to endure; as, to take a joke; he will take an affront from no man.

(e) To admit, as, something presented to the mind; not to dispute; to allow; to accept; to receive in thought; to entertain in opinion; to understand; to interpret; to regard or look upon; to consider; to suppose; as, to take a thing for granted; this I take to be man's motive; to take men for spies.

You take me right.
Bacon.

Charity, taken in its largest extent, is nothing else but the science love of God and our neighbor.
Wake.

[He] took that for virtue and affection which was nothing but vice in a disguise.
South.

You'd doubt his sex, and take him for a girl.
Tate.

(f) To accept the word or offer of; to receive and accept; to bear; to submit to; to enter into agreement with; -- used in general senses; as, to take a form or shape.

I take thee at thy word.
Rowe.

Yet thy moist clay is pliant to command; . . .
Not take the mold.
Dryden.

To be taken aback, To take advantage of, To take air, etc. See under Aback, Advantage, etc. -- To take aim, to direct the eye or weapon; to aim. -- To take along, to carry, lead, or convey. -- To take arms, to commence war or hostilities. -- To take away, to carry off; to remove; to cause deprivation of; to do away with; as, a bill for taking away the votes of bishops. "By your own law, I take your life away." Dryden. -- To take breath, to stop, as from labor, in order to breathe or rest; to recruit or refresh one's self. -- To take care, to exercise care or vigilance; to be solicitous. "Doth God take care for oxen?" 1 Cor. ix. 9. -- To take care of, to have the charge or care of; to care for; to superintend or oversee. -- To take down. (a) To reduce; to bring down, as from a high, or higher, place; as, to take down a book; hence, to bring lower; to depress; to abase or humble; as, to take down pride, or the proud. "I never attempted to be impudent yet, that I was not taken down." Goldsmith. (b) To swallow; as, to take down a potion. (c) To pull down; to pull to pieces; as, to take down a house or a scaffold. (d) To record; to write down; as, to take down a man's words at the time he utters them. -- To take effect, To take fire. See under Effect, and Fire. -- To take ground to the right or to the left (Mil.), to extend the line to the right or left; to move, as troops, to the right or left. -- To take heart, to gain confidence or courage; to be encouraged. -- To take heed, to be careful or cautious. "Take heed what doom against yourself you give." Dryden. -- To take heed to, to attend with care, as, take heed to thy ways. -- To take hold of, to seize; to fix on. -- To take horse, to mount and ride a horse. -- To take in. (a) To inclose; to fence. (b) To encompass or embrace; to comprise; to comprehend. (c) To draw into a smaller compass; to contract; to brail or furl; as, to take in sail. (d) To cheat; to circumvent; to gull; to deceive. [Colloq.] (e) To admit; to receive; as, a leaky vessel will take in water. (f) To win by conquest. [Obs.]

For now Troy's broad-wayed town
He shall take in.
Chapman.

(g) To receive into the mind or understanding. "Some bright genius can take in a long train of propositions." I. Watts. (h) To receive regularly, as a periodical work or newspaper; to take. [Eng.] -- To take in hand. See under Hand. -- To take in vain, to employ or utter as in an oath. "Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain." Ex. xx. 7. -- To take issue. See under Issue. -- To take leave. See Leave, n., 2. -- To take a newspaper, magazine, or the like, to receive it regularly, as on paying the price of subscription. -- To take notice, to observe, or to observe with particular attention. -- To take notice of. See under Notice. -- To take oath, to swear with solemnity, or in a judicial manner. -- To take off. (a) To remove, as from the surface or outside; to remove from the top of anything; as, to take off a load; to take off one's hat. (b) To cut off; as, to take off the head, or a limb. (c) To destroy; as, to take off life. (d) To remove; to invalidate; as, to take off the force of an argument. (e) To withdraw; to call or draw away. Locke. (f) To swallow; as, to take off a glass of wine. (g) To purchase; to take in trade. "The Spaniards having no commodities that we will take off." Locke. (h) To copy; to reproduce. "Take off all their models in wood." Addison. (i) To imitate; to mimic; to personate. (k) To find place for; to dispose of; as, more scholars than preferments can take off. [R.] Bacon. -- To take on, to assume; to take upon one's self; as, to take on a character or responsibility. -- To take one's own course, to act one's pleasure; to pursue the measures of one's own choice. -- To take order for. See under Order. -- To take order with, to check; to hinder; to repress. [Obs.] Bacon. -- To take orders. (a) To receive directions or commands. (b) (Eccl.) To enter some grade of the ministry. See Order, n., 10. -- To take out. (a) To remove from within a place; to separate; to deduct. (b) To draw out; to remove; to clear or cleanse from; as, to take out a stain or spot from cloth. (c) To produce for one's self; as, to take out a patent. (d) To put an end to; as, to take the conceit out of a man. (e) To escort; as, to take out to dinner. -- To take over, to undertake; to take the management of. [Eng.] Cross (Life of G. Eliot). -- To take part, to share; as, they take part in our rejoicing. -- To take part with, to unite with; to join with. -- To take place, root, sides, stock, etc. See under Place, Root, Side, etc. -- To take the air. (a) (Falconry) To seek to escape by trying to rise higher than the falcon; -- said of a bird. (b) See under Air. -- To take the field. (Mil.) See under Field. -- To take thought, to be concerned or anxious; to be solicitous. Matt. vi. 25, 27. -- To take to heart. See under Heart. -- To take to task, to reprove; to censure. -- To take up. (a) To lift; to raise. Hood. (b) To buy or borrow; as, to take up goods to a large amount; to take up money at the bank. (c) To begin; as, to take up a lamentation. Ezek. xix. 1. (d) To gather together; to bind up; to fasten or to replace; as, to take up raveled stitches; specifically (Surg.), to fasten with a ligature. (e) To engross; to employ; to occupy or fill; as, to take up the time; to take up a great deal of room. (f) To take permanently. "Arnobius asserts that men of the finest parts . . . took up their rest in the Christian religion." Addison. (g) To seize; to catch; to arrest; as, to take up a thief; to take up vagabonds. (h) To admit; to believe; to receive. [Obs.]

The ancients took up experiments upon credit.
Bacon.

(i) To answer by reproof; to reprimand; to berate.

One of his relations took him up roundly.
L'Estrange.

(k) To begin where another left off; to keep up in continuous succession.

Soon as the evening shades prevail,
The moon takes up the wondrous tale.
Addison.

(l) To assume; to adopt as one's own; to carry on or manage; as, to take up the quarrels of our neighbors; to take up current opinions. "They take up our old trade of conquering." Dryden. (m) To comprise; to include. "The noble poem of Palemon and Arcite . . . takes up seven years." Dryden. (n) To receive, accept, or adopt for the purpose of assisting; to espouse the cause of; to favor. Ps. xxvii. 10. (o) To collect; to exact, as a tax; to levy; as, to take up a contribution. "Take up commodities upon our bills." Shak. (p) To pay and receive; as, to take up a note at the bank. (q) (Mach.) To remove, as by an adjustment of parts; as, to take up lost motion, as in a bearing; also, to make tight, as by winding, or drawing; as, to take up slack thread in sewing. (r) To make up; to compose; to settle; as, to take up a quarrel. [Obs.] Shak. -- To take up arms. Same as To take arms, above. -- To take upon one's self. (a) To assume; to undertake; as, he takes upon himself to assert that the fact is capable of proof. (b) To appropriate to one's self; to allow to be imputed to, or inflicted upon, one's self; as, to take upon one's self a punishment. -- To take up the gauntlet. See under Gauntlet.

Take (?), v. i. 1. To take hold; to fix upon anything; to have the natural or intended effect; to accomplish a purpose; as, he was inoculated, but the virus did not take. Shak.

When flame taketh and openeth, it giveth a noise.
Bacon.

In impressions from mind to mind, the impression taketh, but is overcome . . . before it work any manifest effect.
Bacon.

2. To please; to gain reception; to succeed.

Each wit may praise it for his own dear sake,
And hint he writ it, if the thing should take.
Addison.

3. To move or direct the course; to resort; to betake one's self; to proceed; to go; -- usually with to; as, the fox, being hard pressed, took to the hedge.

4. To admit of being pictured, as in a photograph; as, his face does not take well.

To take after. (a) To learn to follow; to copy; to imitate; as, he takes after a good pattern. (b) To resemble; as, the son takes after his father. -- To take in with, to resort to. [Obs.] Bacon. -- To take on, to be violently affected; to express grief or pain in a violent manner. -- To take to. (a) To apply one's self to; to be fond of; to become attached to; as, to take to evil practices. "If he does but take to you, . . . you will contract a great friendship with him." Walpole. (b) To resort to; to betake one's self to. "Men of learning, who take to business, discharge it generally with greater honesty than men of the world." Addison. -- To take up. (a) To stop. [Obs.] "Sinners at last take up and settle in a contempt of religion." Tillotson. (b) To reform. [Obs.] Locke. -- To take up with. (a) To be contended to receive; to receive without opposition; to put up with; as, to take up with plain fare. "In affairs which may have an extensive influence on our future happiness, we should not take up with probabilities." I. Watts. (b) To lodge with; to dwell with. [Obs.] L'Estrange. -- To take with, to please. Bacon.

Take, n. 1. That which is taken; especially, the quantity of fish captured at one haul or catch.

2. (Print.) The quantity or copy given to a compositor at one time.

Take"-in` (?), n. Imposition; fraud. [Colloq.]

Tak"en (?), p. p. of Take.

Take"-off` (?), n. An imitation, especially in the way of caricature.

Tak"er (tāk"&etilde;r), n. One who takes or receives; one who catches or apprehends.

Take"-up` (?), n. (Mach.) That which takes up or tightens; specifically, a device in a sewing machine for drawing up the slack thread as the needle rises, in completing a stitch.

Tak"ing (?), a. 1. Apt to take; alluring; attracting.

Subtile in making his temptations most taking.
Fuller.

2. Infectious; contageous. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

-- Tak"ing*ly, adv. -- Tak"ing*ness, n.

Tak"ing, n. 1. The act of gaining possession; a seizing; seizure; apprehension.

2. Agitation; excitement; distress of mind. [Colloq.]

What a taking was he in, when your husband asked who was in the basket!
Shak.

3. Malign influence; infection. [Obs.] Shak.

Tak"ing-off` (?), n. Removal; murder. See To take off (c), under Take, v. t.

The deep damnation of his taking-off.
Shak.

Tal"a*poin (tăl"&adot;*poin), n. (Zoöl.) A small African monkey (Cercopithecus, or Miopithecus, talapoin) -- called also melarhine.

||Ta*la"ri*a (?), n. pl. [L., from talaris pertaining to the ankles, fr. talus ankle.] (Class. Myth.) Small wings or winged shoes represented as fastened to the ankles, -- chiefly used as an attribute of Mercury.

Tal"bot (?), n. A sort of dog, noted for quick scent and eager pursuit of game. [Obs.] Wase (1654).

&fist; The figure of a dog is borne in the arms of the Talbot family, whence, perhaps, the name.

Tal"bo*type (?), n. (Photog.) Same as Calotype.

Talc (?), n. [F. talc; cf. Sp. & It. talco, LL. talcus; all fr. Ar. talq.] (Min.) A soft mineral of a soapy feel and a greenish, whitish, or grayish color, usually occurring in foliated masses. It is hydrous silicate of magnesia. Steatite, or soapstone, is a compact granular variety.

Indurated talc, an impure, slaty talc, with a nearly compact texture, and greater hardness than common talc; -- called also talc slate.

{ Tal*cose" (?), Talc"ous (?), } a. [Cf. F. talqueux.] (Min.) Of or pertaining to talc; composed of, or resembling, talc.

Tale (?), n. See Tael.

Tale, n. [AS. talu number, speech, narrative; akin to D. taal speech, language, G. zahl number, OHG. zala, Icel. tal, tala, number, speech, Sw. tal, Dan. tal number, tale speech, Goth. talzjan to instruct. Cf. Tell, v. t., Toll a tax, also Talk, v. i.] 1. That which is told; an oral relation or recital; any rehearsal of what has occured; narrative; discourse; statement; history; story. "The tale of Troy divine." Milton. "In such manner rime is Dante's tale." Chaucer.

We spend our years as a tale that is told.
Ps. xc. 9.

2. A number told or counted off; a reckoning by count; an enumeration; a count, in distinction from measure or weight; a number reckoned or stated.

The ignorant, . . . who measure by tale, and not by weight.
Hooker.

And every shepherd tells his tale,
Under the hawthornn in the dale.
Milton.

In packing, they keep a just tale of the number.
Carew.

3. (Law) A count or declaration. [Obs.]

To tell tale of, to make account of. [Obs.]

Therefore little tale hath he told
Of any dream, so holy was his heart.
Chaucer.

Syn. -- Anecdote; story; fable; incident; memoir; relation; account; legend; narrative.

Tale (?), v. i. To tell stories. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gower.

Tale"bear`er (?), n. One who officiously tells tales; one who impertinently or maliciously communicates intelligence, scandal, etc., and makes mischief.

Spies and talebearers, encouraged by her father, did their best to inflame her resentment.
Macaulay.

Tale"bear`ing, a. Telling tales officiously.

Tale"bear`ing, n. The act of informing officiously; communication of sectrts, scandal, etc., maliciously.

Ta"led (?), n. (Jewish Antiq.) A kind of quadrangular piece of cloth put on by the Jews when repeating prayers in the synagogues. Crabb.

Tale"ful (?), a. Full of stories. [R.] Thomson.

||Tal`e*gal"la (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of Australian birds which includes the brush turkey. See Brush turkey.

Tal"ent (?), n. [F., fr. L. talentum a talent (in sense 1), Gr. &?; a balance, anything weighed, a definite weight, a talent; akin to &?; to bear, endure, &?;, L. tolerare, tollere, to lift up, sustain, endure. See Thole, v. t., Tolerate.] 1. Among the ancient Greeks, a weight and a denomination of money equal to 60 minæ or 6,000 drachmæ. The Attic talent, as a weight, was about 57 lbs. avoirdupois; as a denomination of silver money, its value was £243 15s. sterling, or about $1,180.

Rowing vessel whose burden does not exceed five hundred talents.
Jowett (Thucid.).

2. Among the Hebrews, a weight and denomination of money. For silver it was equivalent to 3,000 shekels, and in weight was equal to about 93&?; lbs. avoirdupois; as a denomination of silver, it has been variously estimated at from £340 to £396 sterling, or about $1,645 to $1,916. For gold it was equal to 10,000 gold shekels.

3. Inclination; will; disposition; desire. [Obs.]

They rather counseled you to your talent than to your profit.
Chaucer.

4. Intellectual ability, natural or acquired; mental endowment or capacity; skill in accomplishing; a special gift, particularly in business, art, or the like; faculty; a use of the word probably originating in the Scripture parable of the talents (Matt. xxv. 14-30).

He is chiefly to be considered in his three different talents, as a critic, a satirist, and a writer of odes.
Dryden.

His talents, his accomplishments, his graceful manners, made him generally popular.
Macaulay.

Syn. -- Ability; faculty; gift; endowment. See Genius.

Tal"ent*ed, a. Furnished with talents; possessing skill or talent; mentally gifted. Abp. Abbot (1663).

&fist; This word has been strongly objected to by Coleridge and some other critics, but, as it would seem, upon not very good grounds, as the use of talent or talents to signify mental ability, although at first merely metaphorical, is now fully established, and talented, as a formative, is just as analogical and legitimate as gifted, bigoted, moneyed, landed, lilied, honeyed, and numerous other adjectives having a participal form, but derived directly from nouns and not from verbs.

||Ta"les (?), n. [L., pl. of talis such (persons).] (Law) (a) pl. Persons added to a jury, commonly from those in or about the courthouse, to make up any deficiency in the number of jurors regularly summoned, being like, or such as, the latter. Blount. Blackstone. (b) syntactically sing. The writ by which such persons are summoned.

Tales book, a book containing the names of such as are admitted of the tales. Blount. Craig. -- ||Tales de circumstantibus [L.], such, or the like, from those standing about.

Tales"man (?), n.; pl. Talesmen (&?;). (Law) A person called to make up a deficiency in the number of jurors when a tales is awarded. Wharton.

Tale"tell`er (?), n. One who tells tales or stories, especially in a mischievous or officious manner; a talebearer; a telltale; a tattler.

Tale"wise` (?), adv. In a way of a tale or story.

Tal"ia*co`tian (?), a. See Tagliacotian.

Tal`i*a"tion (?), n. Retaliation. [Obs.]

Just heav'n this taliation did decree.
Beaumont.

Ta"li*on (?), n. [F., fr. L. talio, perh. fr. talis such. Cf. Retaliation.] Retaliation. [R.] Holinshed.

||Tal"i*pes (?), n. [NL., fr. L. talus an ankle + pes, pedis, a foot; cf. L. talipedare to be weak in the feet, properly, to walk on the ankles.] (Surg.) The deformity called clubfoot. See Clubfoot.

&fist; Several varieties are distinguished; as, Talipes varus, in which the foot is drawn up and bent inward; T. valgus, in which the foot is bent outward; T. equinus, in which the sole faces backward and the patient walks upon the balls of the toes; and T. calcaneus (called also talus), in which the sole faces forward and the patient walks upon the heel.

Tal"i*pot (?), n. [Hind. tālpāt the leaf of the tree.] (Bot.) A beautiful tropical palm tree (Corypha umbraculifera), a native of Ceylon and the Malabar coast. It has a trunk sixty or seventy feet high, bearing a crown of gigantic fan-shaped leaves which are used as umbrellas and as fans in ceremonial processions, and, when cut into strips, as a substitute for writing paper.

Tal"is*man (?), n.; pl. Talismans (#). [Sp., from Ar. tilism, tilsam, a magical image, pl. tilsamān, fr. Gr. &?; tribute, tax, LGr., an initiation, incantation, from &?; to complete, perform, to play taxes, to make perfect, to initiate, especially in the mysteries, fr. &?; completion, end.] 1. A magical figure cut or engraved under certain superstitious observances of the configuration of the heavens, to which wonderful effects are ascribed; the seal, figure, character, or image, of a heavenly sign, constellation, or planet, engraved on a sympathetic stone, or on a metal corresponding to the star, in order to receive its influence.

2. Hence, something that produces extraordinary effects, esp. in averting or repelling evil; an amulet; a charm; as, a talisman to avert diseases. Swift.

{ Tal`is*man"ic (?), Tal`is*man"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. talismanique.] Of or pertaining to a talisman; having the properties of a talisman, or preservative against evils by occult influence; magical.

Talk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Talked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Talking.] [Cf. LG. talk talk, gabble, Prov. G. talken to speak indistinctly; or OD. tolken to interpret, MHG. tolkan to interpret, to tell, to speak indistinctly, Dan. tolke to interpret, Sw. tolka, Icel. t&?;lka to interpret, t&?;lkr an interpreter, Lith. tulkas an interpreter, tulkanti, tulkōti, to interpret, Russ. tolkovate to interpret, to talk about; or perhaps fr. OE. talien to speak (see Tale, v. i. & n.).] 1. To utter words; esp., to converse familiarly; to speak, as in familiar discourse, when two or more persons interchange thoughts.

I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following, but I will not eat with you.
Shak.

2. To confer; to reason; to consult.

Let me talk with thee of thy judgments.
Jer. xii. 1.

3. To prate; to speak impertinently. [Colloq.]

To talk of, to relate; to tell; to give an account of; as, authors talk of the wonderful remains of Palmyra. "The natural histories of Switzerland talk much of the fall of these rocks, and the great damage done." Addison. -- To talk to, to advise or exhort, or to reprove gently; as, I will talk to my son respecting his conduct. [Colloq.]

Talk, v. t. 1. To speak freely; to use for conversing or communicating; as, to talk French.

2. To deliver in talking; to speak; to utter; to make a subject of conversation; as, to talk nonsense; to talk politics.

3. To consume or spend in talking; -- often followed by away; as, to talk away an evening.

4. To cause to be or become by talking. "They would talk themselves mad." Shak.

To talk over. (a) To talk about; to have conference respecting; to deliberate upon; to discuss; as, to talk over a matter or plan. (b) To change the mind or opinion of by talking; to convince; as, to talk over an opponent.

Talk, n. 1. The act of talking; especially, familiar converse; mutual discourse; that which is uttered, especially in familiar conversation, or the mutual converse of two or more.

In various talk the instructive hours they passed.
Pope.

Their talk, when it was not made up of nautical phrases, was too commonly made up of oaths and curses.
Macaulay.

2. Report; rumor; as, to hear talk of war.

I hear a talk up and down of raising our money.
Locke.

3. Subject of discourse; as, his achievment is the talk of the town.

Syn. -- Conversation; colloquy; discourse; chat; dialogue; conference; communication. See Conversation.

Talk"a*tive (?), a. Given to much talking.

Syn. -- Garrulous; loquacious. See Garrulous.

-- Talk"a*tive*ly, adv. -- Talk"a*tive*ness, n.

Talk"er (?), n. 1. One who talks; especially, one who is noted for his power of conversing readily or agreeably; a conversationist.

There probably were never four talkers more admirable in four different ways than Johnson, Burke, Beauclerk, and Garrick.
Macaulay.

2. A loquacious person, male or female; a prattler; a babbler; also, a boaster; a braggart; -- used in contempt or reproach. Jer. Taylor.

Talk"ing, a. 1. That talks; able to utter words; as, a talking parrot.

2. Given to talk; loquacious.

The hawthorn bush, with seats beneath the shade,
For talking age and whispering lovers made.
Goldsmith.

Tall (?), a. [Compar. Taller (?); superl. Tallest.] [OE. tal seemly, elegant, docile (?); of uncertain origin; cf. AS. un- tala, un-tale, bad, Goth. untals indocile, disobedient, uninstructed, or W. & Corn. tal high, Ir. talla meet, fit, proper, just.] 1. High in stature; having a considerable, or an unusual, extension upward; long and comparatively slender; having the diameter or lateral extent small in proportion to the height; as, a tall person, tree, or mast.

Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall.
Milton.

2. Brave; bold; courageous. [Obs.]

As tall a trencherman
As e'er demolished a pye fortification.
Massinger.

His companions, being almost in despair of victory, were suddenly recomforted by Sir William Stanley, which came to succors with three thousand tall men.
Grafton.

3. Fine; splendid; excellent; also, extravagant; excessive. [Obs. or Slang] B. Jonson.

Syn. -- High; lofty. -- Tall, High, Lofty. High is the generic term, and is applied to anything which is elevated or raised above another thing. Tall specifically describes that which has a small diameter in proportion to its height; hence, we speak of a tall man, a tall steeple, a tall mast, etc., but not of a tall hill. Lofty has a special reference to the expanse above us, and denotes an imposing height; as, a lofty mountain; a lofty room. Tall is now properly applied only to physical objects; high and lofty have a moral acceptation; as, high thought, purpose, etc.; lofty aspirations; a lofty genius. Lofty is the stronger word, and is usually coupled with the grand or admirable.

{ Tal"lage (?), Tal"li*age (?), } n. [F. taillage. See Taille, and cf. Tailage.] (O. Eng. Law) A certain rate or tax paid by barons, knights, and inferior tenants, toward the public expenses. [Written also tailage, taillage.]

&fist; When paid out of knight's fees, it was called scutage; when by cities and burghs, tallage; when upon lands not held by military tenure, hidage. Blackstone.

Tal"lage, v. t. To lay an impost upon; to cause to pay tallage.

Tal"li*er (?), n. One who keeps tally.

Tall"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being tall; height of stature.

Tal"low (?), n. [OE. taluh, talugh; akin to OD. talgh, D. talk, G., Dan. and Sw. talg, Icel. tōlgr, tōlg, tōlk; and perhaps to Goth. tulgus firm.] 1. The suet or fat of animals of the sheep and ox kinds, separated from membranous and fibrous matter by melting.

&fist; The solid consistency of tallow is due to the large amount of stearin it contains. See Fat.

2. The fat of some other animals, or the fat obtained from certain plants, or from other sources, resembling the fat of animals of the sheep and ox kinds.

Tallow candle, a candle made of tallow. -- Tallow catch, a keech. See Keech. [Obs.] -- Tallow chandler, one whose occupation is to make, or to sell, tallow candles. -- Tallow chandlery, the trade of a tallow chandler; also, the place where his business is carried on. -- Tallow tree (Bot.), a tree (Stillingia sebifera) growing in China, the seeds of which are covered with a substance which resembles tallow and is applied to the same purposes.

Tal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tallowing.] 1. To grease or smear with tallow.

2. To cause to have a large quantity of tallow; to fatten; as, tallow sheep.

Tal"low*er (?), n. An animal which produces tallow.

Tal"low-face` (?), n. One who has a sickly, pale complexion. Shak.

Tal"low-faced` (?), a. Having a sickly complexion; pale. Burton.

Tal"low*ing, n. The act, or art, of causing animals to produce tallow; also, the property in animals of producing tallow.

Tal"low*ish, a. Having the qualities of tallow.

Tal"low*y (?), a. Of the nature of tallow; resembling tallow; greasy.

Tall"wood` (?), n. [Cf. Tally.] Firewood cut into billets of a certain length. [Obs.] [Eng.]

Tal"ly (?), n.; pl. Tallies (#). [OE. taile, taille, F. taille a cutting, cut tally, fr. tailler to cut, but influenced probably by taillé, p. p. of tailler. See Tailor, and cf. Tail a limitation, Taille, Tallage.] 1. Originally, a piece of wood on which notches or scores were cut, as the marks of number; later, one of two books, sheets of paper, etc., on which corresponding accounts were kept.

&fist; In purshasing and selling, it was once customary for traders to have two sticks, or one stick cleft into two parts, and to mark with a score or notch, on each, the number or quantity of goods delivered, -- the seller keeping one stick, and the purchaser the other. Before the use of writing, this, or something like it, was the only method of keeping accounts; and tallies were received as evidence in courts of justice. In the English exchequer were tallies of loans, one part being kept in the exchequer, the other being given to the creditor in lieu of an obligation for money lent to government.

2. Hence, any account or score kept by notches or marks, whether on wood or paper, or in a book; especially, one kept in duplicate.

3. One thing made to suit another; a match; a mate.

They were framed the tallies for each other.
Dryden.

4. A notch, mark, or score made on or in a tally; as, to make or earn a tally in a game.

5. A tally shop. See Tally shop, below.

Tally shop, a shop at which goods or articles are sold to customers on account, the account being kept in corresponding books, one called the tally, kept by the buyer, the other the counter tally, kept by the seller, and the payments being made weekly or otherwise by agreement. The trade thus regulated is called tally trade. Eng. Encyc. -- To strike tallies, to act in correspondence, or alike. [Obs.] Fuller.

Tal"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tallied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tallying.] [Cf. F. tialler to cut. See Tally, n.] 1. To score with correspondent notches; hence, to make to correspond; to cause to fit or suit.

They are not so well tallied to the present juncture.
Pope.

2. (Naut.) To check off, as parcels of freight going inboard or outboard. W. C. Russell.

Tally on (Naut.), to dovetail together.

Tal"ly (?), v. i. 1. To be fitted; to suit; to correspond; to match.

I found pieces of tiles that exactly tallied with the channel.
Addison.

Your idea . . . tallies exactly with mine.
Walpole.

2. To make a tally; to score; as, to tally in a game.

Tally on (Naut.), to man a rope for hauling, the men standing in a line or tail.

Tal"ly (?), adv. [See Tall, a.] Stoutly; with spirit. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Tal"ly*ho` (?), interj. & n. 1. The huntsman's cry to incite or urge on his hounds.

2. A tallyho coach.

Tallyho coach, a pleasure coach. See under Coach.

Tal"ly*man (?), n.; pl. Tallymen (&?;). 1. One who keeps the tally, or marks the sticks.

2. One who keeps a tally shop, or conducts his business as tally trade.

Tal"ma (?), n.; pl. Talmas (#). [Prob. so called from Talma, a French actor.] (a) A kind of large cape, or short, full cloak, forming part of the dress of ladies. (b) A similar garment worn formerly by gentlemen.

Tal"mud (?), n. [Chald. talmūd instruction, doctrine, fr. lamad to learn, limmad to teach.] The body of the Jewish civil and canonical law not comprised in the Pentateuch.

&fist; The Talmud consists of two parts, the Mishna, or text, and the Gemara, or commentary. Sometimes, however, the name Talmud is restricted, especially by Jewish writers, to the Gemara. There are two Talmuds, the Palestinian, commonly, but incorrectly, called the Talmud of Jerusalem, and the Babylonian Talmud. They contain the same Mishna, but different Gemaras. The Babylonian Talmud is about three times as large as the other, and is more highly esteemed by the Jews.

{ Tal*mud"ic (?), Tal*mud"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. talmudique.] Of or pertaining to the Talmud; contained in the Talmud; as, Talmudic Greek; Talmudical phrases. Lightfoot.

Tal"mud*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. talmudiste.] One versed in the Talmud; one who adheres to the teachings of the Talmud.

Tal`mud*is"tic (?), a. Resembling the Talmud; Talmudic.

Tal"on (?), n. [F., heel, spur, LL. talo, fr. L. talus the ankle, heel.] 1. The claw of a predaceous bird or animal, especially the claw of a bird of prey. Bacon.

2. (Zoöl.) One of certain small prominences on the hind part of the face of an elephant's tooth.

3. (Arch.) A kind of molding, concave at the bottom and convex at the top; -- usually called an ogee.

&fist; When the concave part is at the top, it is called an inverted talon.

4. The shoulder of the bolt of a lock on which the key acts to shoot the bolt. Knight.

{ Ta*look", Ta*luk" } (?), n. [Ar. ta'lluq.] A large estate; esp., one constituting a revenue district or dependency the native proprietor of which is responsible for the collection and payment of the public revenue due from it. [India]

{ Ta*look"dar, Ta*luk"dar } (?), n. [Hind., fr. Per. ta'lluqdār.] A proprietor of a talook. [India]

||Tal"pa (?), n. [L., mole.] (Zoöl.) A genus of small insectivores including the common European mole.

||Ta"lus (?), n.; pl. Tali (#). [L., the ankle, the ankle bone.] 1. (Anat.) The astragalus.

2. (Surg.) A variety of clubfoot (Talipes calcaneus). See the Note under Talipes.

Ta"lus, n. [F.] 1. (Fort.) A slope; the inclination of the face of a work.

2. (Geol.) A sloping heap of fragments of rock lying at the foot of a precipice.

Tam`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tamable; tamableness.

Tam"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tamed, subdued, or reclaimed from wildness or savage ferociousness. - - Tam"a*ble*ness, n.

Ta*man"du (?), n. [Sp., from the native name: cf. F. tamandua.] (Zoöl.) A small ant-eater (Tamandua tetradactyla) native of the tropical parts of South America.

&fist; It has five toes on the fore feet, an elongated snout, small ears, and short woolly hair. Its tail is stout and hairy at the base, tapering, and covered with minute scales, and is somewhat prehensile at the end. Called also tamandua, little ant-bear, fourmilier, and cagouare. The collared, or striped, tamandu (Tamandua bivittata) is considered a distinct species by some writers, but by others is regarded as only a variety.

Ta`ma*noir" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The ant-bear.

Tam"a*rack (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The American larch; also, the larch of Oregon and British Columbia (Larix occidentalis). See Hackmatack, and Larch. (b) The black pine (Pinus Murrayana) of Alaska, California, etc. It is a small tree with fine- grained wood.

Tam"a*ric (?), n. [L. tamarice. See Tamarisk.] A shrub or tree supposed to be the tamarisk, or perhaps some kind of heath. [Obs.]

He shall be like tamaric in the desert, and he shall not see when good shall come.
Jer. xvii. 6 (Douay version).

Tam"a*rin (?), n. [From the native name in Cayenne.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small squirrel-like South American monkeys of the genus Midas, especially M. ursulus.

Tam"a*rind (?), n. [It. tamarindo, or Sp. tamarindo, or Pg. tamarindo, tamarinho, from Ar. tamarhindī, literally, Indian date; tamar a dried date + Hind India: cf. F. tamarin. Cf. Hindu.] (Bot.) 1. A leguminous tree (Tamarindus Indica) cultivated both the Indies, and the other tropical countries, for the sake of its shade, and for its fruit. The trunk of the tree is lofty and large, with wide-spreading branches; the flowers are in racemes at the ends of the branches. The leaves are small and finely pinnated.

2. One of the preserved seed pods of the tamarind, which contain an acid pulp, and are used medicinally and for preparing a pleasant drink.

Tamarind fish, a preparation of a variety of East Indian fish with the acid pulp of the tamarind fruit. -- Velvet tamarind. (a) A West African leguminous tree (Codarium acutifolium). (b) One of the small black velvety pods, which are used for food in Sierra Leone. -- Wild tamarind (Bot.), a name given to certain trees somewhat resembling the tamarind, as the Lysiloma latisiliqua of Southern Florida, and the Pithecolobium filicifolium of the West Indies.

Tam"a*risk (?), n. [L. tamariscus, also tamarix, tamarice, Skr. tamāla, tamālaka, a tree with a very dark bark; cf. tamas darkness: cf. F. tamarisc, tamarix, tamaris.] (Bot.) Any shrub or tree of the genus Tamarix, the species of which are European and Asiatic. They have minute scalelike leaves, and small flowers in spikes. An Arabian species (T. mannifera) is the source of one kind of manna.

Tamarisk salt tree, an East Indian tree (Tamarix orientalis) which produces an incrustation of salt.

Tam"bac (?), n. (Metal.) See Tombac. [Obs.]

Tam"bour (?), n. 1. (Mus.) A kind of small flat drum; a tambourine.

2. A small frame, commonly circular, and somewhat resembling a tambourine, used for stretching, and firmly holding, a portion of cloth that is to be embroidered; also, the embroidery done upon such a frame; -- called also, in the latter sense, tambour work.

3. (Arch.) Same as Drum, n., 2(d).

4. (Fort.) A work usually in the form of a redan, to inclose a space before a door or staircase, or at the gorge of a larger work. It is arranged like a stockade.

5. (Physiol.) A shallow metallic cup or drum, with a thin elastic membrane supporting a writing lever. Two or more of these are connected by an India rubber tube, and used to transmit and register the movements of the pulse or of any pulsating artery.

Tam"bour, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamboured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tambouring.] To embroider on a tambour.

Tam`bou`rin" (?), n. [F. See Tambourine.] 1. A tambourine. [Obs.]

2. (Mus.) An old Provençal dance of a lively character, common on the stage.

Tam`bour*ine" (?), n. [F. tambourin; cf. It. tamburino. See Tambour, and cf. Tamborine.] A small drum, especially a shallow drum with only one skin, played on with the hand, and having bells at the sides; a timbrel.

Tam"breet (?), n. (Zoöl.) The duck mole.

Tam`bu*rin" (?), n. See Tambourine. Spenser.

Tame (?), v. t. [Cf. F. entamer to cut into, to broach.] To broach or enter upon; to taste, as a liquor; to divide; to distribute; to deal out. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

In the time of famine he is the Joseph of the country, and keeps the poor from starving. Then he tameth his stacks of corn, which not his covetousness, but providence, hath reserved for time of need.
Fuller.

Tame, a. [Compar. Tamer (?); superl. Tamest.] [AS. tam; akin to D. tam, G. zahm, OHG. zam, Dan. & Sw. tam, Icel. tamr, L. domare to tame, Gr. &?;, Skr. dam to be tame, to tame, and perhaps to E. beteem. √61. Cf. Adamant, Diamond, Dame, Daunt, Indomitable.] 1. Reduced from a state of native wildness and shyness; accustomed to man; domesticated; domestic; as, a tame deer, a tame bird.

2. Crushed; subdued; depressed; spiritless.

Tame slaves of the laborious plow.
Roscommon.

3. Deficient in spirit or animation; spiritless; dull; flat; insipid; as, a tame poem; tame scenery.

Syn. -- Gentle; mild; meek. See Gentle.

Tame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taming.] [AS. tamian, temian, akin to D. tammen, temmen, G. zähmen, OHG. zemmen, Icel. temja, Goth. gatamjan. See Tame, a.] 1. To reduce from a wild to a domestic state; to make gentle and familiar; to reclaim; to domesticate; as, to tame a wild beast.

They had not been tamed into submission, but baited into savegeness and stubbornness.
Macaulay.

2. To subdue; to conquer; to repress; as, to tame the pride or passions of youth.

Tame"a*ble (?), a. Tamable. Bp. Wilkins.

Tame"less, a. Incapable of being tamed; wild; untamed; untamable. Bp. Hall. -- Tame"less*ness, n.

Tame"ly, adv. In a tame manner.

Tame"ness, n. The quality or state of being tame.

Tam"er (?), n. One who tames or subdues.

||Ta"mi*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a distributer.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ground squirrels, including the chipmunk.

Ta"mil (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Tamils, or to their language. [Written also Tamul.]

Ta"mil, n. [Written also Tamul.] 1. (Ethnol.) One of a Dravidian race of men native of Northern Ceylon and Southern India.

2. The Tamil language, the most important of the Dravidian languages. See Dravidian, a.

Ta*mil"i*an (?), a. & n. Tamil.

{ Tam"ine (?), Tam"i*ny (?), } n. [Cf. F. tamis a sort of sieve. Cf. Stamin, Temse.] A kind of woolen cloth; tammy.

Tam"is (?), n. [F., a kind of sieve.] 1. A sieve, or strainer, made of a kind of woolen cloth.

2. The cloth itself; tammy.

Tamis bird (Zoöl.), a Guinea fowl.

Tam"kin (?), n. A tampion. Johnson (Dict.).

Tam"my (?), n.; pl. Tammies (&?;). 1. A kind of woolen, or woolen and cotton, cloth, often highly glazed, -- used for curtains, sieves, strainers, etc.

2. A sieve, or strainer, made of this material; a tamis.

Tamp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tamping.] [Cf. F. tamponner to plug or stop. See Tampion.] 1. In blasting, to plug up with clay, earth, dry sand, sod, or other material, as a hole bored in a rock, in order to prevent the force of the explosion from being misdirected.

2. To drive in or down by frequent gentle strokes; as, to tamp earth so as to make a smooth place.

Tam"pan (?), n. (Zoöl.) A venomous South African tick. Livingstone.

Tam"pe*on (?), n. See Tampion. Farrow.

Tamp"er (?), n. 1. One who tamps; specifically, one who prepares for blasting, by filling the hole in which the charge is placed.

2. An instrument used in tamping; a tamping iron.

Tam"per (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tampering.] [A corruption of temper.] 1. To meddle; to be busy; to try little experiments; as, to tamper with a disease.

'T is dangerous tampering with a muse.
Roscommon.

2. To meddle so as to alter, injure, or vitiate a thing.

3. To deal unfairly; to practice secretly; to use bribery.

Others tampered
For Fleetwood, Desborough, and Lambert.
Hudibras.

Tam"per*er (?), n. One who tampers; one who deals unfairly.

{ Tam*pi"co fi"ber or fi"bre (?) }. A tough vegetable fiber used as a substitute for bristles in making brushes. The piassava and the ixtle are both used under this name.

Tamp"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who tamps; specifically, the act of filling up a hole in a rock, or the branch of a mine, for the purpose of blasting the rock or exploding the mine.

2. The material used in tamping. See Tamp, v. t., 1.

Tamping iron, an iron rod for beating down the earthy substance in tamping for blasting.

Tam"pi*on (?), n. [F. tampon, tapon, tape, of Dutch or German origin. See Tap a pipe or plug, and cf. Tamp, Tampop, Tompion.] [Written also tampeon, and tompion.] 1. A wooden stopper, or plug, as for a cannon or other piece of ordnance, when not in use.

2. (Mus.) A plug for upper end of an organ pipe.

Tam"poe (?), n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of an East Indian tree (Baccaurea Malayana) of the Spurge family. It somewhat resembles an apple.

Tam"pon (?), n. [F. See Tampion.] (Surg.) A plug introduced into a natural or artificial cavity of the body in order to arrest hemorrhage, or for the application of medicine.

Tam"pon, v. t. (Surg.) To plug with a tampon.

Tam"poon (?), n. [See Tampion.] The stopper of a barrel; a bung.

Tam"-tam` (?), n. [Hind.; of imitative origin.] (Mus.) (a) A kind of drum used in the East Indies and other Oriental countries; -- called also tom- tom. (b) A gong. See Gong, n., 1.

Ta"mul (?), a. & n. Tamil.

Tan (?), n. [Chin.] See Picul.

Tan, n. [F. tan, perhaps fr. Armor. tann an oak, oak bar; or of Teutonic origin; cf. G. tanne a fir, OHG. tanna a fir, oak, MHG. tan a forest. Cf. Tawny.] 1. The bark of the oak, and some other trees, bruised and broken by a mill, for tanning hides; -- so called both before and after it has been used. Called also tan bark.

2. A yellowish-brown color, like that of tan.

3. A brown color imparted to the skin by exposure to the sun; as, hands covered with tan.

Tan bed (Hort.), a bed made of tan; a bark bed. -- Tan pickle, the liquor used in tanning leather. -- Tan spud, a spud used in stripping bark for tan from trees. -- Tan stove. See Bark stove, under Bark. -- Tan vat, a vat in which hides are steeped in liquor with tan.

Tan, a. Of the color of tan; yellowish- brown.

Black and tan. See under Black, a.

Tan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tanning.] [F. tanner, LL. tannare. See Tan, n.] 1. To convert (the skin of an animal) into leather, as by usual process of steeping it in an infusion of oak or some other bark, whereby it is impregnated with tannin, or tannic acid (which exists in several species of bark), and is thus rendered firm, durable, and in some degree impervious to water.

&fist; The essential result in tanning is due to the fact that the tannins form, with gelatins and albuminoids, a series of insoluble compounds which constitute leather. Similar results may be produced by the use of other reagents in place of tannin, as alum, and some acids or chlorides, which are employed in certain processes of tanning.

2. To make brown; to imbrown, as by exposure to the rays of the sun; as, to tan the skin.

Tan (?), v. i. To get or become tanned.

Ta"na (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Banxring.

Tan"a*ger (?), n. [NL. tanagra, probably fr. Brazilian tangara.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of bright-colored singing birds belonging to Tanagra, Piranga, and allied genera. The scarlet tanager (Piranga erythromelas) and the summer redbird (Piranga rubra) are common species of the United States.

Tan"a*grine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the tanagers.

Tan"a*groid (?), a. [Tanager + - oid.] (Zoöl.) Tanagrine.

||Ta*na"te (?), n. (Zoöl.) An Asiatic wild dog (Canis procyonoides), native of Japan and adjacent countries. It has a short, bushy tail. Called also raccoon dog.

Tan"dem (?), adv. & a. [L. tandem at length (of time only), punningly taken as meaning, lengthwise.] One after another; -- said especially of horses harnessed and driven one before another, instead of abreast.

Tan"dem, n. A team of horses harnessed one before the other. "He drove tandems." Thackeray.

Tandem engine, a compound steam engine having two or more steam cylinders in the same axis, close to one another. -- Tandem bicycle or tricycle, one for two persons in which one rider sits before the other.

Tang (tăng), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. tang seaweed, Sw. tång, Icel. þang. Cf. Tangle.] (Bot.) A coarse blackish seaweed (Fuscus nodosus). Dr. Prior.

Tang sparrow (Zoöl.), the rock pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

Tang, n. [Probably fr. OD. tanger sharp, tart, literally, pinching; akin to E. tongs. √59. See Tong.] 1. A strong or offensive taste; especially, a taste of something extraneous to the thing itself; as, wine or cider has a tang of the cask.

2. Fig.: A sharp, specific flavor or tinge. Cf. Tang a twang.

Such proceedings had a strong tang of tyranny.
Fuller.

A cant of philosophism, and a tang of party politics.
Jeffrey.

3. [Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. tangi a projecting point; akin to E. tongs. See Tongs.] A projecting part of an object by means of which it is secured to a handle, or to some other part; anything resembling a tongue in form or position. Specifically: --

(a) The part of a knife, fork, file, or other small instrument, which is inserted into the handle.

(b) The projecting part of the breech of a musket barrel, by which the barrel is secured to the stock.

(c) The part of a sword blade to which the handle is fastened.

(d) The tongue of a buckle. [Prov. Eng.]

Tang, n. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Twang. This word has become confused with tang tatse, flavor.] A sharp, twanging sound; an unpleasant tone; a twang.

Tang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tanged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tanging.] To cause to ring or sound loudly; to ring.

Let thy tongue tang arguments of state.
Shak.

To tang bees, to cause a swarm of bees to settle, by beating metal to make a din.

Tang, v. i. To make a ringing sound; to ring.

Let thy tongue tang arguments of state.
Shak.

Tan"ga*lung (?), n. (Zoöl.) An East Indian civet (Viverra tangalunga).

Tan"gence (?), n. Tangency. [R.]

Tan"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being tangent; a contact or touching.

Tan"gent (?), n. [L. tangens, - entis, p. pr. of tangere to touch; akin to Gr. &?; having seized: cf. F. tangente. Cf. Attain, Contaminate, Contingent, Entire, Tact, Taste, Tax, v. t.] (Geom.) A tangent line curve, or surface; specifically, that portion of the straight line tangent to a curve that is between the point of tangency and a given line, the given line being, for example, the axis of abscissas, or a radius of a circle produced. See Trigonometrical function, under Function.

Artificial, or Logarithmic, tangent, the logarithm of the natural tangent of an arc. -- Natural tangent, a decimal expressing the length of the tangent of an arc, the radius being reckoned unity. -- Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a form of galvanometer having a circular coil and a short needle, in which the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle is proportional to the strength of the current. -- Tangent of an angle, the natural tangent of the arc subtending or measuring the angle. -- Tangent of an arc, a right line, as ta, touching the arc of a circle at one extremity a, and terminated by a line ct, passing from the center through the other extremity o.

Tan"gent, a. [L. tangens, - entis, p. pr.] Touching; touching at a single point; specifically (Geom.) meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces.

Tangent plane (Geom.), a plane which touches a surface in a point or line. -- Tangent scale (Gun.), a kind of breech sight for a cannon. -- Tangent screw (Mach.), an endless screw; a worm.

Tan*gen"tal (?), a. (Geom.) Tangential.

Tan*gen"tial (?), a. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a tangent; in the direction of a tangent.

Tangential force (Mech.), a force which acts on a moving body in the direction of a tangent to the path of the body, its effect being to increase or diminish the velocity; -- distinguished from a normal force, which acts at right angles to the tangent and changes the direction of the motion without changing the velocity. -- Tangential stress. (Engin.) See Shear, n., 3.

Tan*gen"tial*ly, adv. In the direction of a tangent.

Tan"ger*ine` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A kind of orange, much like the mandarin, but of deeper color and higher flavor. It is said to have been produced in America from the mandarin. [Written also tangierine.]

Tang"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The common harbor seal. [Prov. Eng.]

||Tan*ghin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) The ordeal tree. See under Ordeal.

Tan`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. tanggibilité.] The quality or state of being tangible.

Tan"gi*ble (?), a. [L. tangibilis, fr. tangere to touch: cf. F. tangible. See Tangent.] 1. Perceptible to the touch; tactile; palpable. Bacon.

2. Capable of being possessed or realized; readily apprehensible by the mind; real; substantial; evident. "A tangible blunder." Byron.

Direct and tangible benefit to ourselves and others.
Southey.

-- Tan"gi*ble*ness, n. -- Tan"gi*bly, adv.

Tan"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tangling (?).] [A frequentative fr. tang seaweed; hence, to twist like seaweed. See Tang seaweed, and cf. Tangle, n.] 1. To unite or knit together confusedly; to interweave or interlock, as threads, so as to make it difficult to unravel the knot; to entangle; to ravel.

2. To involve; to insnare; to entrap; as, to be tangled in lies. "Tangled in amorous nets." Milton.

When my simple weakness strays,
Tangled in forbidden ways.
Crashaw.

Tan"gle, v. i. To be entangled or united confusedly; to get in a tangle.

Tan"gle, n. 1. [Cf. Icel. þöngull. See Tang seaweed.] (Bot.) Any large blackish seaweed, especially the Laminaria saccharina. See Kelp.

Coral and sea fan and tangle, the blooms and the palms of the ocean.
C. Kingsley.

2. [From Tangle, v.] A knot of threads, or other thing, united confusedly, or so interwoven as not to be easily disengaged; a snarl; as, hair or yarn in tangles; a tangle of vines and briers. Used also figuratively.

3. pl. An instrument consisting essentially of an iron bar to which are attached swabs, or bundles of frayed rope, or other similar substances, -- used to capture starfishes, sea urchins, and other similar creatures living at the bottom of the sea.

Blue tangle. (Bot.)See Dangleberry. -- Tangle picker (Zoöl.), the turnstone. [Prov. Eng.]

Tan"gle*fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The sea adder, or great pipefish of Europe.

Tan"gling*ly (?), adv. In a tangling manner.

Tan"gly (?), a. 1. Entangled; intricate.

2. Covered with tangle, or seaweed.

Prone, helpless, on the tangly beach he lay.
Falconer.

Tan"gram (?), n. [Cf. Trangram.] A Chinese toy made by cutting a square of thin wood, or other suitable material, into seven pieces, as shown in the cut, these pieces being capable of combination in various ways, so as to form a great number of different figures. It is now often used in primary schools as a means of instruction.

Tangue (?), n. (Zoöl.) The tenrec.

Tan"gun (?), n. (Zoöl.) A piebald variety of the horse, native of Thibet.

Tang"whaup (?), n. (Zoöl.) The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.]

Tan"i*er (?), n. (Bot.) An aroid plant (Caladium sagittæfolium), the leaves of which are boiled and eaten in the West Indies. [Written also tannier.]

Tan"ist (?), n. [Ir. tanaiste, tanaise, second, the second person in rank, the presumptive or apparent heir to a prince.] In Ireland, a lord or proprietor of a tract of land or of a castle, elected by a family, under the system of tanistry.

This family [the O'Hanlons] were tanists of a large territory within the present county of Armagh.
M. A. Lower.

Tan"ist*ry (?), n. [See Tanist.] In Ireland, a tenure of family lands by which the proprietor had only a life estate, to which he was admitted by election.

&fist; The primitive intention seems to have been that the inheritance should descend to the oldest or most worthy of the blood and name of the deceased. This was, in reality, giving it to the strongest; and the practice often occasioned bloody feuds in families, for which reason it was abolished under James I.

Ta"nite (?), n. A firm composition of emery and a certain kind of cement, used for making grinding wheels, slabs, etc.

Tank (?), n. A small Indian dry measure, averaging 240 grains in weight; also, a Bombay weight of 72 grains, for pearls. Simmonds.

Tank, n. [Pg. tanque, L. stangum a pool; or perhaps of East Indian origin. Cf. Stank, n.] A large basin or cistern; an artificial receptacle for liquids.

Tank engine, a locomotive which carries the water and fuel it requires, thus dispensing with a tender. -- Tank iron, plate iron thinner than boiler plate, and thicker than sheet iron or stovepipe iron. -- Tank worm (Zoöl.), a small nematoid worm found in the water tanks of India, supposed by some to be the young of the Guinea worm.

Tan"ka (?), n. (Naut.) A kind of boat used in Canton. It is about 25 feet long and is often rowed by women. Called also tankia. S. W. Williams.

Tank"ard (?), n. [OF. tanquart; cf. OD. tanckaert; of uncertain origin.] A large drinking vessel, especially one with a cover.

Marius was the first who drank out of a silver tankard, after the manner of Bacchus.
Arbuthnot.

Tan"ki*a (?), n. (Naut.) See Tanka.

Tank"ling (?), n. A tinkling. [Obs.]

Tan"ling (?), n. One tanned by the sun. [R.]

Hot summer's tanlings and
The shrinking slaves of winter.
Shak.

Tan"na*ble (?), a. That may be tanned.

Tan"nage (?), n. A tanning; the act, operation, or result of tanning. [R.]

They should have got his cheek fresh tannage.
R. Browning.

Tan"nate (?), n. [Cf. F. tannate.] (Chem.) A salt of tannic acid.

Tan"ner (?), n. One whose occupation is to tan hides, or convert them into leather by the use of tan.

Tan"ner*y (?), n.; pl. Tanneries (#). [Cf. F. tannerie.] 1. A place where the work of tanning is carried on.

2. The art or process of tanning. [R.] Carlyle.

Tan"nic (?), a. Of or pertaining to tan; derived from, or resembling, tan; as, tannic acid.

Tannic acid. (Chem.) (a) An acid obtained from nutgalls as a yellow amorphous substance, C14H10O9, having an astringent taste, and forming with ferric salts a bluish-black compound, which is the basis of common ink. Called also tannin, and gallotannic acid. (b) By extension, any one of a series of astringent substances resembling tannin proper, widely diffused through the vegetable kingdom, as in oak bark, willow, catechu, tea, coffee, etc.

Tan"ni*er (?), n. (Bot.) See Tanier.

Tan"nin (?), n. [Cf. F. tannin.] (Chem.) Same as Tannic acid, under Tannic.

Tan"ning, n. The art or process of converting skins into leather. See Tan, v. t., 1.

Tan"rec (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tenrec.

Tan"sy (?), n. [OE. tansaye, F. tanaise; cf. It. & Sp. tanaceto, NL. tanacetum, Pg. atanasia, athanasia, Gr. 'aqanasi`a immortality, fr. 'aqa`natos immortal; 'a priv. + qa`natos death.] 1. (Bot.) Any plant of the composite genus Tanacetum. The common tansy (T. vulgare) has finely divided leaves, a strong aromatic odor, and a very bitter taste. It is used for medicinal and culinary purposes.

2. A dish common in the seventeenth century, made of eggs, sugar, rose water, cream, and the juice of herbs, baked with butter in a shallow dish. [Obs.] Pepys.

Double tansy (Bot.), a variety of the common tansy with the leaves more dissected than usual. -- Tansy mustard (Bot.), a plant (Sisymbrium canescens) of the Mustard family, with tansylike leaves.

Tant (?), n. [Cf. Taint tincture.] (Zoöl.) A small scarlet arachnid.

Tan"ta*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tantalic acid.

Tan*tal"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tantalum; derived from, or containing, tantalum; specifically, designating any one of a series of acids analogous to nitric acid and the polyacid compounds of phosphorus.

Tan"ta*lism (?), n. [See Tantalize.] A punishment like that of Tantalus; a teasing or tormenting by the hope or near approach of good which is not attainable; tantalization. Addison.

Is not such a provision like tantalism to this people?
Josiah Quincy.

Tan"ta*lite (?), n. [Cf. F. tantalite.] (Min.) A heavy mineral of an iron-black color and submetallic luster. It is essentially a tantalate of iron.

Tan`ta*li*za"tion (?), n. The act of tantalizing, or state of being tantalized. Gayton.

Tan"ta*lize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tantalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tantalizing (?).] [From Tantalus: cf. F. tantaliser.] To tease or torment by presenting some good to the view and exciting desire, but continually frustrating the expectations by keeping that good out of reach; to tease; to torment.

Thy vain desires, at strife
Within themselves, have tantalized thy life.
Dryden.

Syn. -- To tease; vex; irritate; provoke. -- Tantalize, Disappoint. To disappoint is literally to do away with what was (or was taken to be) appointed; hence the peculiar pain from hopes thus dashed to the ground. To tantalize, a much stronger term, describes a most distressing form of disappointment, as in the case of Tantalus, the Phrygian king. To tantalize is to visit with the bitterest disappointment -- to torment by exciting hopes or expectations which can never be realized.

Tan"ta*li`zer (?), n. One who tantalizes.

Tan"ta*li`zing*ly (?), adv. In a tantalizing or teasing manner.

Tan"ta*lum (?), n. [NL. So named on account of the perplexity and difficulty encounterd by its discoverer (Ekeberg) in isolating it. See Tantalus.] (Chem.) A rare nonmetallic element found in certain minerals, as tantalite, samarskite, and fergusonite, and isolated as a dark powder which becomes steel-gray by burnishing. Symbol Ta. Atomic weight 182.0. Formerly called also tantalium.

Tan"ta*lus (?), n. [L., from Gr. Ta`ntalos.] (Gr. Myth.) 1. A Phrygian king who was punished in the lower world by being placed in the midst of a lake whose waters reached to his chin but receded whenever he attempted to allay his thirst, while over his head hung branches laden with choice fruit which likewise receded whenever he stretched out his hand to grasp them.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of wading birds comprising the wood ibises.

Tantalus's cup (Physics), a philosophical toy, consisting of a cup, within which is the figure of a man, and within the figure a siphon, the longer arm of which passes down through the bottom of the cup, and allows the escape of any liquid that may be poured in, when it reaches as high as the bend of the siphon, which is just below the level of the mouth of the figure in the cup.

Tan"ta*mount` (?), a. [F. tant so much (L. tantus) + E. amount.] Equivalent in value, signification, or effect.

A usage nearly tantamount to constitutional right.
Hallam.

The certainty that delay, under these circumstances, was tantamount to ruin.
De Quincey.

Tan"ta*mount`, v. i. To be tantamount or equivalent; to amount. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Tan*tiv"y (?), adv. [Said to be from the note of a hunting horn.] Swiftly; speedily; rapidly; -- a fox-hunting term; as, to ride tantivy.

Tan*tiv"y, n. A rapid, violent gallop; an impetuous rush. Cleverland.

Tan*tiv"y, v. i. To go away in haste. [Colloq.]

Tan"trum (?), n. A whim, or burst of ill-humor; an affected air. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Tan"yard` (?), n. An inclosure where the tanning of leather is carried on; a tannery.

||Tan`y*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to stretch + &?;, &?;, mouth.] (Zoöl.) A division of dipterous insects in which the proboscis is large and contains lancelike mandibles and maxillæ. The horseflies and robber flies are examples.

Ta"o*ism (?), n. One of the popular religions of China, sanctioned by the state. -- Ta"o*ist, a. & n.

Tap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tapping.] [F. taper to strike; of Teutonic origin; cf. dial. G. tapp, tapps, a blow, tappe a paw, fist, G. tappen to grope.] 1. To strike with a slight or gentle blow; to touch gently; to rap lightly; to pat; as, to tap one with the hand or a cane.

2. To put a new sole or heel on; as, to tap shoes.

Tap, n. [Cf. F. tape. See Tap to strike.] 1. A gentle or slight blow; a light rap; a pat. Addison.

2. A piece of leather fastened upon the bottom of a boot or shoe in repairing or renewing the sole or heel.

3. pl. (Mil.) A signal, by drum or trumpet, for extinguishing all lights in soldiers' quarters and retiring to bed, -- usually given about a quarter of an hour after tattoo. Wilhelm.

Tap, v. i. To strike a gentle blow.

Tap, n. [AS. tæppa, akin to D. tap, G. zapfen, OHG. zapfo, Dan. tap, Sw. tapp, Icel. tappi. Cf. Tampion, Tip.] 1. A hole or pipe through which liquor is drawn.

2. A plug or spile for stopping a hole pierced in a cask, or the like; a faucet.

3. Liquor drawn through a tap; hence, a certain kind or quality of liquor; as, a liquor of the same tap. [Colloq.]

4. A place where liquor is drawn for drinking; a taproom; a bar. [Colloq.]

5. (Mech.) A tool for forming an internal screw, as in a nut, consisting of a hardened steel male screw grooved longitudinally so as to have cutting edges.

On tap. (a) Ready to be drawn; as, ale on tap. (b) Broached, or furnished with a tap; as, a barrel on tap. -- Plug tap (Mech.), a screw-cutting tap with a slightly tapering end. -- Tap bolt, a bolt with a head on one end and a thread on the other end, to be screwed into some fixed part, instead of passing through the part and receiving a nut. See Illust. under Bolt. -- Tap cinder (Metal.), the slag of a puddling furnace.

Tap, v. t. 1. To pierce so as to let out, or draw off, a fluid; as, to tap a cask, a tree, a tumor, etc.

2. Hence, to draw from (anything) in any analogous way; as, to tap telegraph wires for the purpose of intercepting information; to tap the treasury.

3. To draw, or cause to flow, by piercing. Shak.

He has been tapping his liquors.
Addison.

4. (Mech.) To form an internal screw in (anything) by means of a tool called a tap; as, to tap a nut.

||Ta"pa (?), n. A kind of cloth prepared by the Polynesians from the inner bark of the paper mulberry; -- sometimes called also kapa.

||Ta`pa*yax"in (?), n. (Zoöl.) A Mexican spinous lizard (Phrynosoma orbiculare) having a head somewhat like that of a toad; -- called also horned toad.

Tape (?), n. [AS. tæppe a fillet. Cf. Tapestry, Tippet.] 1. A narrow fillet or band of cotton or linen; a narrow woven fabric used for strings and the like; as, curtains tied with tape.

2. A tapeline; also, a metallic ribbon so marked as to serve as a tapeline; as, a steel tape.

Red tape. See under Red. -- Tape grass (Bot.), a plant (Vallisneria spiralis) with long ribbonlike leaves, growing in fresh or brackish water; -- called also fresh-water eelgrass, and, in Maryland, wild celery. -- Tape needle. See Bodkin, n., 4.

Tape"line` (?), n. A painted tape, marked with linear dimensions, as inches, feet, etc., and often inclosed in a case, -- used for measuring.

Ta"per (?), n. [AS. tapur, tapor, taper; cf. Ir. tapar, W. tampr.] 1. A small wax candle; a small lighted wax candle; hence, a small light.

Get me a taper in my study, Lucius.
Shak.

2. A tapering form; gradual diminution of thickness in an elongated object; as, the taper of a spire.

Ta"per (?), a. [Supposed to be from taper, n., in allusion to its form.] Regularly narrowed toward the point; becoming small toward one end; conical; pyramidical; as, taper fingers.

Ta"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tapered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tapering.] To become gradually smaller toward one end; as, a sugar loaf tapers toward one end.

Ta"per, v. t. To make or cause to taper.

Ta"pered (?), a. Lighted with a taper or tapers; as, a tapered choir. [R.] T. Warton.

Ta"per*ing (?), a. Becoming gradually smaller toward one end. -- Ta"per*ing*ly, adv.

Ta"per*ness, n. The quality or state of being taper; tapering form; taper. Shenstone.

Tap"es*try (?), n.; pl. Tapestries (#). [F. tapissere, fr. tapisser to carpet, to hang, or cover with tapestry, fr. tapis a carpet, carpeting, LL. tapecius, fr. L. tapete carpet, tapestry, Gr. &?;, &?;. Cf. Tapis, Tippet.] A fabric, usually of worsted, worked upon a warp of linen or other thread by hand, the designs being usually more or less pictorial and the stuff employed for wall hangings and the like. The term is also applied to different kinds of embroidery.

Tapestry carpet, a kind of carpet, somewhat resembling Brussels, in which the warp is printed before weaving, so as to produce the figure in the cloth. -- Tapestry moth. (Zoöl.) Same as Carpet moth, under Carpet.

Tap"es*try, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tapestried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tapestrying.] To adorn with tapestry, or as with tapestry.

The Trosachs wound, as now, between gigantic walls of rock tapestried with broom and wild roses.
Macaulay.

Tap"et (?), n. [L. tapete. See Tapestry.] Worked or figured stuff; tapestry. [R.] Spenser.

Tap"e*ti (?), n.; pl. Tapetis (#). [Braz.] (Zoöl.) A small South American hare (Lepus Braziliensis).

||Ta*pe"tum (?), n. [NL., from L. tapete a carpet, a tapestry.] (Anat.) An area in the pigmented layer of the choroid coat of the eye in many animals, which has an iridescent or metallic luster and helps to make the eye visible in the dark. Sometimes applied to the whole layer of pigmented epithelium of the choroid.

Tape"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of cestode worms belonging to Tænia and many allied genera. The body is long, flat, and composed of numerous segments or proglottids varying in shape, those toward the end of the body being much larger and longer than the anterior ones, and containing the fully developed sexual organs. The head is small, destitute of a mouth, but furnished with two or more suckers (which vary greatly in shape in different genera), and sometimes, also, with hooks for adhesion to the walls of the intestines of the animals in which they are parasitic. The larvæ (see Cysticercus) live in the flesh of various creatures, and when swallowed by another animal of the right species develop into the mature tapeworm in its intestine. See Illustration in Appendix.

&fist; Three species are common parasites of man: the pork tapeworm (Tænia solium), the larva of which is found in pork; the beef tapeworm (T. mediocanellata), the larva of which lives in the flesh of young cattle; and the broad tapeworm (Bothriocephalus latus) which is found chiefly in the inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. See also Echinococcus, Cysticercus, Proglottis, and 2d Measles, 4.

Tap"house` (?), n. A house where liquors are retailed.

||Taph*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [Gr. &?; a trench + enchyma, as in parenchyma.] (Bot.) Same as Bothrenchyma.

Tap"i*nage (?), n. [See Tapish.] A lurking or skulking. [Obs.] Gower.

Tap`i*o"ca (?), n. [Braz. tapioka: cf. Pg., Sp. & F. tapioca.] A coarsely granular substance obtained by heating, and thus partly changing, the moistened starch obtained from the roots of the cassava. It is much used in puddings and as a thickening for soups. See Cassava.

Ta"pir (?), n. [Braz. tapy'ra: cf. F. tapir.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of large odd-toed ungulates belonging to Tapirus, Elasmognathus, and allied genera. They have a long prehensile upper lip, short ears, short and stout legs, a short, thick tail, and short, close hair. They have three toes on the hind feet, and four toes on the fore feet, but the outermost toe is of little use.

&fist; The best-known species are the Indian tapir (Tapirus Indicus), native of the East Indies and Malacca, which is black with a broad band of white around the middle, and the common American tapir (T. Americanus), which, when adult, is dull brown. Several others species inhabit the Andes and Central America.

Tapir tiger (Zoöl.), the wallah.

Ta"pir*oid (?), a. [Tapir + - oid.] (Zoöl.) Allied to the tapir, or the Tapir family.

Ta"pis (?), n. [F. See Tapestry.] Tapestry; formerly, the cover of a council table.

On, or Upon, the tapis, on the table, or under consideration; as, to lay a motion in Parliament on the tapis.

Tap"is (?), v. t. To cover or work with figures like tapestry. [R.] Holland.

Tap"is*er (?), n. [F. tapissier.] A maker of tapestry; an upholsterer. [R.] Chaucer.

Tap"ish (?), v. i. [F. se tapir to squat.] To lie close to the ground, so as to be concealed; to squat; to crouch; hence, to hide one's self. [Written also tappis, tappish, tappice.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

As a hound that, having roused a hart,
Although he tappish ne'er so soft.
Chapman.

Tap"lash` (?), n. Bad small beer; also, the refuse or dregs of liquor. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

The taplash of strong ale and wine.
Taylor (1630).

Tap"lings (?), n. pl. The strong double leathers by which the two parts of a flail are united. Halliwell.

||Ta*po"a ta"fa (?). (Zoöl.) A small carnivorous marsupial (Phascogale penicillata) having long, soft fur, and a very long tail with a tuft of long hairs at the end; -- called also brush-tailed phascogale.

Tap"pen (?), n. An obstruction, or indigestible mass, found in the intestine of bears and other animals during hibernation.

Tap"per (?), n. (Zoöl.) The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor); -- called also tapperer, tabberer, little wood pie, barred woodpecker, wood tapper, hickwall, and pump borer. [Prov. Eng.]

Tap"pes*ter (?), n. [See Tapster.] A female tapster. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tap"pet (?), n. (Mach.) A lever or projection moved by some other piece, as a cam, or intended to tap or touch something else, with a view to produce change or regulate motion. G. Francis.

Tappet motion, a valve motion worked by tappets from a reciprocating part, without an eccentric or cam, -- used in steam pumps, etc.

{ Tap"pice (?), Tap"pis (?) }, v. i. See Tapish.

Tap"pit hen` (?). 1. A hen having a tuft of feathers on her head. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. A measuring pot holding one quart (according to some, three quarts); -- so called from a knob on the lid, thought to resemble a crested hen. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Tap"room` (?), n. A room where liquors are kept on tap; a barroom.

The ambassador was put one night into a miserable taproom, full of soldiers smoking.
Macaulay.

Tap"root` (?), n. (Bot.) The root of a plant which penetrates the earth directly downward to a considerable depth without dividing.

Tap"ster (?), n. [AS. tæppestre a female tapster. See Tap a plug, pipe, and -ster.] One whose business is to tap or draw ale or other liquor.

Ta"qua-nut` (?), n. (Bot.) A Central American name for the ivory nut.

Tar (?), n. [Abbrev. from tarpaulin.] A sailor; a seaman. [Colloq.] Swift.

Tar, n. [OE. terre, tarre, AS. teru, teoru; akin to D. teer, G. teer, theer, Icel. tjara, Sw. tjära, Dan. tiære, and to E. tree. √63. See Tree.] A thick, black, viscous liquid obtained by the distillation of wood, coal, etc., and having a varied composition according to the temperature and material employed in obtaining it.

Coal tar. See in the Vocabulary. -- Mineral tar (Min.), a kind of soft native bitumen. -- Tar board, a strong quality of millboard made from junk and old tarred rope. Knight. -- Tar water. (a) A cold infusion of tar in water, used as a medicine. (b) The ammoniacal water of gas works. -- Wood tar, tar obtained from wood. It is usually obtained by the distillation of the wood of the pine, spruce, or fir, and is used in varnishes, cements, and to render ropes, oakum, etc., impervious to water.

Tar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tarring.] To smear with tar, or as with tar; as, to tar ropes; to tar cloth.

To tar and feather a person. See under Feather, v. t.

Tar"a*nis (?), n. [L. taranis, from the Celtic; cf. W. & Corn. taran thunder.] (Myth.) A Celtic divinity, regarded as the evil principle, but confounded by the Romans with Jupiter.

Tar`an*tass" (?), n. [Russ. tarantas'.] A low four-wheeled carriage used in Russia. The carriage box rests on two long, springy poles which run from the fore to the hind axletree. When snow falls, the wheels are taken off, and the body is mounted on a sledge.

Tar`an*tel"la (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) (a) A rapid and delirious sort of Neapolitan dance in 6-8 time, which moves in whirling triplets; -- so called from a popular notion of its being a remedy against the poisonous bite of the tarantula. Some derive its name from Taranto in Apulia. (b) Music suited to such a dance.

Tar"ant*ism (?), n. [It. tarantismo: cf. F. tarentisme. See Tarantula.] (Med.) A nervous affection producing melancholy, stupor, and an uncontrollable desire to dance. It was supposed to be produced by the bite of the tarantula, and considered to be incapable of cure except by protracted dancing to appropriate music. [Written also tarentism.]

Ta*ran"tu*la (?), n.; pl. E. Tarantulas (#), L. Tarantulæ (#). [NL., fr. It. tarantola, fr. L. Tarentum, now Taranto, in the south of Italy.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of large spiders, popularly supposed to be very venomous, especially the European species (Tarantula apuliæ). The tarantulas of Texas and adjacent countries are large species of Mygale. [Written also tarentula.]

Tarantula killer, a very large wasp (Pompilus formosus), which captures the Texan tarantula (Mygale Hentzii) and places it in its nest as food for its young, after paralyzing it by a sting.

Ta*ran"tu*la`ted (?), a. Bitten by a tarantula; affected with tarantism.

Tar*bog"an (?), n. & v. See Toboggan.

Tar*boosh" (?), n. [Ar. tarb&?;sh; perhaps from Per. sar-posh headdress: cf. F. tarbouch.] A red cap worn by Turks and other Eastern nations, sometimes alone and sometimes swathed with linen or other stuff to make a turban. See Fez.

Tar*da"tion (?), n. [L. tardatio, fr. tardare, tardatum, to retard, delay, fr. tardus slow.] The act of retarding, or delaying; retardation. [Obs.]

||Tar`di*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tardigrade, a.] 1. (Zoöl.) A tribe of edentates comprising the sloths. They are noted for the slowness of their movements when on the ground. See Sloth, 3.

2. (Zoöl.) An order of minute aquatic arachnids; -- called also bear animalcules, sloth animalcules, and water bears.

Tar"di*grade (?), a. [L. tardigradus; tardus slow + gradi to step: cf. F. tardigrade.] 1. Moving or stepping slowly; slow-paced. [R.] G. Eliot.

2. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Tardigrada.

Tar"di*grade, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Tardigrada.

Tar"di*gra`dous (?), a. Moving slowly; slow-paced. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tar"di*ly (?), adv. In a tardy manner; slowly.

Tar"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being tardy.

Tar`di*ta"tion (?), n. Tardiness. [Obs.]

To instruct them to avoid all snares of tarditation, in the Lord's affairs.
Herrick.

Tar"di*ty (?), n. [L. tarditas.] Slowness; tardiness. [R.] Sir K. Digby.

||Tar"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Slow; -- a direction to perform a passage slowly.

||Tar"do, n. [Sp., slow, L. tardus.] (Zoöl.) A sloth.

Tar"dy (?), a. [Compar. Tardier (?); superl. Tardiest.] [F. tardif, fr. (assumed) LL. tardivus, fr. L. tardus slow.] 1. Moving with a slow pace or motion; slow; not swift.

And check the tardy flight of time.
Sandys.

Tardy to vengeance, and with mercy brave.
Prior.

2. Not being inseason; late; dilatory; -- opposed to prompt; as, to be tardy in one's payments. Arbuthnot.

The tardy plants in our cold orchards placed.
Waller.

3. Unwary; unready. [Obs.] Hudibras.

4. Criminal; guilty. [Obs.] Collier.

Syn. -- Slow; dilatory; tedious; reluctant. See Slow.

Tar"dy, v. t. To make tardy. [Obs.] Shak.

Tare (?), obs. imp. of Tear. Tore.

Tare, n. [Cf. Prov. E. tare brisk, eager, OE. tarefitch the wild vetch.] 1. A weed that grows among wheat and other grain; -- alleged by modern naturalists to be the Lolium temulentum, or darnel.

Didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? From whence then hath it tares?
Matt. xiii. 27.

The "darnel" is said to be the tares of Scripture, and is the only deleterious species belonging to the whole order.
Baird.

2. (Bot.) A name of several climbing or diffuse leguminous herbs of the genus Vicia; especially, the V. sativa, sometimes grown for fodder.

Tare, n. [F. tare; cf. Pr., Sp., Pg., & It. tara; all fr. Ar. tarah thrown away, removed, fr. taraha to reject, remove.] (Com.) Deficientcy in the weight or quantity of goods by reason of the weight of the cask, bag, or whatever contains the commodity, and is weighed with it; hence, the allowance or abatement of a certain weight or quantity which the seller makes to the buyer on account of the weight of such cask, bag, etc.

Tare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taring.] To ascertain or mark the tare of (goods).

Tared (?), a. (Chem.) Weighed; determined; reduced to equal or standard weight; as, tared filter papers, used in weighing precipitates.

Ta*ren"te (?), n. [Cf. F. tarente.] (Zoöl.) A harmless lizard of the Gecko family (Platydactylus Mauritianicus) found in Southern Europe and adjacent countries, especially among old walls and ruins.

Tar"ent*ism (?), n. See Tarantism.

Ta*ren"tu*la (?), n. See Tarantula.

Targe (?), n. [F. Cf. Target.] A shield or target. [Obs. or Poetic] "A buckler on a targe." Chaucer.

Tar"get (?), n. [OF. targette, dim. of OF. & F. targe, of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. targe, OD. targie, G. zarge a frame, case, border, OHG. zarga, Icel. targa shield.] 1. A kind of small shield or buckler, used as a defensive weapon in war.

2. (a) A butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile. (b) The pattern or arrangement of a series of hits made by a marksman on a butt or mark; as, he made a good target.

3. (Surveying) The sliding crosspiece, or vane, on a leveling staff.

4. (Railroad) A conspicuous disk attached to a switch lever to show its position, or for use as a signal.

Tar"get*ed (?), a. Furnished, armed, or protected, with a target.

Tar`get*eer" (?), n. One who is armed with a target or shield. [Written also targetier.]

Tar"gum (?), n.; pl. Targums (#). Heb. Targumim (#). [Chald. targūm interpretation, fr. targēm to interpret. Cf. Truchman, and Dragoman.] A translation or paraphrase of some portion of the Old Testament Scriptures in the Chaldee or Aramaic language or dialect.

Tar"gum*ist, n. The writer of a Targum; one versed in the Targums.

Tar"iff (?), n. [F. tarif; cf. Sp. & Pg. tarifa, It. tariffa; all fr. Ar. ta'rīf information, explanation, definition, from 'arafa, to know, to inform, explain.] 1. A schedule, system, or scheme of duties imposed by the government of a country upon goods imported or exported; as, a revenue tariff; a protective tariff; Clay's compromise tariff. (U. S. 1833).

&fist; The United States and Great Britain impose no duties on exports; hence, in these countries the tariff refers only to imports.

2. The duty, or rate of duty, so imposed; as, the tariff on wool; a tariff of two cents a pound.

3. Any schedule or system of rates, changes, etc.; as, a tariff of fees, or of railroad fares. Bolingbroke.

Tar"iff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tariffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tariffing.] To make a list of duties on, as goods.

Tar"in (?), n. [F.] (Zoöl.) The siskin. [Prov.]

Tar"ing (?), n. (Zoöl.) The common tern; -- called also tarret, and tarrock. [Prov. Eng.]

Tar"la*tan (?), n. A kind of thin, transparent muslin, used for dresses.

Tarn (?), n. [OE. terne, Icel. tjörn.] A mountain lake or pool.

A lofty precipice in front,
A silent tarn below.
Wordsworth.

Tar"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tarnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tarnishing.] [F. ternir, fr. OHG. tarnen to darken, to conceal, hide; akin to OS. dernian to hide, AS. dernan, dyrnan, OHG. tarni hidden, OS. derni, AS. derne, dyrne. Cf. Dern, a., and see -ish.] To soil, or change the appearance of, especially by an alternation induced by the air, or by dust, or the like; to diminish, dull, or destroy the luster of; to sully; as, to tarnish a metal; to tarnish gilding; to tarnish the purity of color. "Tarnished lace." Fuller. Used also figuratively; as, to tarnish one's honor.

Syn. -- To sully; stain; dim.

Tar"nish, v. i. To lose luster; to become dull; as, gilding will tarnish in a foul air.

Till thy fresh glories, which now shine so bright,
Grow stale and tarnish with our daily sight.
Dryden.

Tar"nish, n. 1. The quality or state of being tarnished; stain; soil; blemish.

2. (Min.) A thin film on the surface of a metal, usually due to a slight alteration of the original color; as, the steel tarnish in columbite.

Tar"nish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, tarnishes.

Ta"ro (?), n. [From the Polynesian name.] (Bot.) A name for several aroid plants (Colocasia antiquorum, var. esculenta, Colocasia macrorhiza, etc.), and their rootstocks. They have large ovate-sagittate leaves and large fleshy rootstocks, which are cooked and used for food in tropical countries.

Tar"ot (?), n. [F.; cf. It. tarocco.] A game of cards; -- called also taroc. Hoyle.

Tar"pan (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoöl.) A wild horse found in the region of the Caspian Sea.

Tar*pau"lin (?), n. [Tar + palling a covering, pall to cover. See Pall a covering.] 1. A piece of canvas covered with tar or a waterproof composition, used for covering the hatches of a ship, hammocks, boats, etc.

2. A hat made of, or covered with, painted or tarred cloth, worn by sailors and others.

3. Hence, a sailor; a seaman; a tar.

To a landsman, these tarpaulins, as they were called, seemed a strange and half-savage race.
Macaulay.

Tar"pon (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tarpum.

Tar"pum (?), n. (Zoöl.) A very large marine fish (Megapolis Atlanticus) of the Southern United States and the West Indies. It often becomes six or more feet in length, and has large silvery scales. The scales are a staple article of trade, and are used in fancywork. Called also tarpon, sabalo, savanilla, silverfish, and jewfish.

Tar"quin*ish (?), a. Like a Tarquin, a king of ancient Rome; proud; haughty; overbearing.

Tar"race (?), n. See Trass. [Obs.]

Tar"ra*gon (?), n. [Sp. taragona, Ar. tarkh&?;n; perhaps fr. Gr. &?; a dragon, or L. draco; cf. L. dracunculus tarragon. Cf. Dragon.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Artemisa (A. dracunculus), much used in France for flavoring vinegar.

Tar"ras (?), n. See Trass. [Obs.]

Tarre (?), v. t. [OE. tarien, terien, to irritate, provoke, AS. tergan to pull, pluck, torment; probably akin to E. tear, v.t. √63. Cf. Tarry, v.] To set on, as a dog; to incite. [Obs.] Shak.

Tar"ri*ance (?), n. The act or time of tarrying; delay; lateness. [Archaic] Shak.

And after two days' tarriance there, returned.
Tennyson.

Tar"ri*er (?), n. One who, or that which, tarries.

Tar"ri*er, n. (Zoöl.) A kind of dig; a terrier. [Obs.]

Tar"rock (?), n. [Greenland tattarock.] (Zoöl.) (a) The young of the kittiwake gull before the first molt. (b) The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.] (c) The common tern.

Tar"ry (?), a. [From Tar, n.] Consisting of, or covered with, tar; like tar.

Tar"ry (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tarried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tarrying.] [OE. tarien to irritate (see Tarre); but with a change of sense probably due to confusion with OE. targen to delay, OF. targier, fr. (assumed) LL. tardicare, fr. L. tardare to make slow, to tarry, fr. tardus slow. Cf. Tardy.] 1. To stay or remain behind; to wait.

Tarry ye for us, until we come again.
Ex. xxiv. 14.

2. To delay; to put off going or coming; to loiter.

Come down unto me, tarry not.
Gen. xic. 9.

One tarried here, there hurried one.
Emerson.

3. To stay; to abide; to continue; to lodge.

Tarry all night, and wash your feet.
Gen. xix. 2.

Syn. -- To abide; continue; lodge; await; loiter.

Tar"ry, v. t. 1. To delay; to defer; to put off. [Obs.]

Tarry us here no longer than to-morrow.
Chaucer.

2. To wait for; to stay or stop for. [Archaic]

He that will have a cake out of the wheat must needs tarry the grinding.
Shak.

He plodded on, . . . tarrying no further question.
Sir W. Scott.

Tar"ry, n. Stay; stop; delay. [Obs.] E. Lodge.

Tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tarsus (either of the foot or eye). -- n. A tarsal bone or cartilage; a tarsale.

Tarsal tetter (Med.), an eruptive disease of the edges of the eyelids; a kind of bleareye.

Tar"sal (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tercel. [Obs.]

||Tar*sa"le (?), n.; pl. Tarsalia (#). [NL.] (Anat.) One of the bones or cartilages of the tarsus; esp., one of the series articulating with the metatarsals.

Tarse (?), n. [Cf. Tassel, Tiercel.] (Falconry) The male falcon.

Tarse (?), n. [Cf. F. tarse.] (Anat.) tarsus.

Tar*sec"to*my (?), n. [Tarsus + Gr. &?; to cut out.] (Surg.) The operation of excising one or more of the bones of the tarsus.

Tar"sel (?), n. A male hawk. See Tercel. [Obs.]

||Tar"si (?), n., pl. of Tarsus.

{ ||Tar"si*a (?), ||Tar`si*a*tu"ra (?), } n. [It.] A kind of mosaic in woodwork, much employed in Italy in the fifteenth century and later, in which scrolls and arabesques, and sometimes architectural scenes, landscapes, fruits, flowers, and the like, were produced by inlaying pieces of wood of different colors and shades into panels usually of walnut wood.

Tar"si*er (?), n. [Cf. F. tarsier.] See Tarsius.

||Tar"si*us (?), n. [NL. See Tarsus.] (Zoöl.) A genus of nocturnal lemurine mammals having very large eyes and ears, a long tail, and very long proximal tarsal bones; -- called also malmag, spectral lemur, podji, and tarsier.

Tar"so- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the tarsus; as, tarsometatarsus.

Tar`so*met`a*tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to both the tarsus and metatarsus; as, the tarsometatarsal articulations. (b) Of or pertaining to the tarsometatarsus.

||Tar`so*met`a*tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Tarsometatarsi (#). [NL.] (Anat.) The large bone next the foot in the leg of a bird. It is formed by the union of the distal part of the tarsus with the metatarsus.

Tar*sor"rha*phy (?), n. [Tarsus + Gr. "rafh` seam, fr. &?; to sew.] (Surg.) An operation to diminish the size of the opening between eyelids when enlarged by surrounding cicatrices.

Tar*sot"o*my (?), n. [Tarsus + Gr. &?; to cut.] (Surg.) The operation of cutting or removing the tarsal cartilages.

Tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Tarsi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the flat of the foot, the edge of the eyelid. Cf. 2d Tarse.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The ankle; the bones or cartilages of the part of the foot between the metatarsus and the leg, consisting in man of seven short bones. (b) A plate of dense connective tissue or cartilage in the eyelid of man and many animals; -- called also tarsal cartilage, and tarsal plate.

2. (Zoöl.) The foot of an insect or a crustacean. It usually consists of form two to five joints.

Tart (?), a. [AS. teart. √63. Cf. Tear, v. t.] 1. Sharp to the taste; acid; sour; as, a tart apple.

2. Fig.: Sharp; keen; severe; as, a tart reply; tart language; a tart rebuke.

Why art thou tart, my brother?
Bunyan.

Tart, n. [OE. tarte, F. tarte; perhaps originally the same word as tourte, LL. torta, fr. L. tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist, bend, wind, because tarts were originally made of a twisted shape. Cf. Torture, n.] A species of small open pie, or piece of pastry, containing jelly or conserve; a sort of fruit pie.

Tar"tan (?), n. [F. tiretane linsey- woolsey, akin to Sp. tiritaña a sort of thin silk; cf. Sp. tiritar to shiver or shake with cold.] Woolen cloth, checkered or crossbarred with narrow bands of various colors, much worn in the Highlands of Scotland; hence, any pattern of tartan; also, other material of a similar pattern.

MacCullummore's heart will be as cold as death can make it, when it does not warm to the tartan.
Sir W. Scott.

The sight of the tartan inflamed the populace of London with hatred.
Macaulay.

Tar"tan, n. [F. tartane, or Sp., Pg., or It. tartana; all perhaps of Arabic origin.] (Naut.) A small coasting vessel, used in the Mediterranean, having one mast carrying large leteen sail, and a bowsprit with staysail or jib.

Tar"tar (?), n. [F. tartre (cf. Pr. tartari, Sp., Pg., & It. tartaro, LL. tartarum, LGr. &?;); perhaps of Arabic origin.] 1. (Chem.) A reddish crust or sediment in wine casks, consisting essentially of crude cream of tartar, and used in marking pure cream of tartar, tartaric acid, potassium carbonate, black flux, etc., and, in dyeing, as a mordant for woolen goods; -- called also argol, wine stone, etc.

2. A correction which often incrusts the teeth, consisting of salivary mucus, animal matter, and phosphate of lime.

Cream of tartar. (Chem.) See under Cream. -- Tartar emetic (Med. Chem.), a double tartrate of potassium and basic antimony. It is a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweetish metallic taste, and used in medicine as a sudorific and emetic.

Tar"tar (?), n. 1. [Per. Tātār, of Tartar origin.] A native or inhabitant of Tartary in Asia; a member of any one of numerous tribes, chiefly Moslem, of Turkish origin, inhabiting the Russian Europe; -- written also, more correctly but less usually, Tatar.

2. A person of a keen, irritable temper.

To catch a tartar, to lay hold of, or encounter, a person who proves too strong for the assailant. [Colloq.]

Tar"tar, a. Of or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars.

Tar"tar, n. [Cf. F. tartare.] See Tartarus. Shak.

Tar"tar*a`ted (?), a. (Chem.) Tartrated.

{ Tar*ta"re*an (?), Tar*ta"re*ous (?), } a. [L. tartareus: cf. F. tartaréen.] Of or pertaining to Tartarus; hellish.

Tar*ta"re*ous, a. [Cf. 1st Tartarous.] 1. Consisting of tartar; of the nature of tartar.

2. (Bot.) Having the surface rough and crumbling; as, many lichens are tartareous.

{ Tar*ta"ri*an (?), Tar*tar"ic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars.

Tartarian lamb (Bot.), Scythian lamb. See Barometz.

Tar*ta"ri*an (?), n. (Bot.) The name of some kinds of cherries, as the Black Tartarian, or the White Tartarian.

Tar*tar"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tartar; derived from, or resembling, tartar.

Tartaric acid. (a) An acid widely diffused throughout the vegetable kingdom, as in grapes, mountain-ash berries, etc., and obtained from tartar as a white crystalline substance, C2H2(OH)2.(CO2H)2, having a strong pure acid taste. It is used in medicine, in dyeing, calico printing, photography, etc., and also as a substitute for lemon juice. Called also dextro-tartaric acid. (b) By extension, any one of the series of isomeric acids (racemic acid, levotartaric acid, inactive tartaric acid) of which tartaric acid proper is the type.

Tar"tar*ine (?), n. (Old Chem.) Potassium carbonate, obtained by the incineration of tartar. [Obs.]

Tar"tar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tartarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tartarizing (?).] [Cf. F. tartariser.] (Chem.) To impregnate with, or subject to the action of, tartar. [R.]

Tartarized antimony (Med. Chem.), tartar emetic.

Tar"tar*ize (?), v. t. To cause to resemble the Tartars and their civilization, as by conquest.

Tar"tar*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. tartareux.] Containing tartar; consisting of tartar, or partaking of its qualities; tartareous.

Tar"tar*ous (?), a. Resembling, or characteristic of, a Tartar; ill-natured; irritable.

The Tartarous moods of common men.
B. Jonson.

Tar"ta*rum (?), n. (Chem.) See 1st Tartar.

Tar"ta*rus (tär"t&adot;*rŭs), n. [L., from Gr. Ta`rtaros.] (Class. Myth.) The infernal regions, described in the Iliad as situated as far below Hades as heaven is above the earth, and by later writers as the place of punishment for the spirits of the wicked. By the later poets, also, the name is often used synonymously with Hades, or the Lower World in general.

Tar"ta*ry (?), n. Tartarus. [Obs.] Spenser.

Tar*ti"ni's tones` (?). [From Tartini, an Italian violinist, who discovered them in 1754.] See the Note under Tone.

Tart"ish (?), a. Somewhat tart.

Tart"let (?), n. A small tart. V. Knox.

Tart"ly, adv. In a tart manner; with acidity.

Tart"ness, n. The quality or state of being tart.

Syn. -- Acrimony; sourness; keenness; poignancy; severity; asperity; acerbity; harshness. See Acrimony.

Tar*tral"ic (?), a. [From Tartar the chemical compound.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a white amorphous deliquescent substance, C8H10O11; -- called also ditartaric, tartrilic, or tartrylic acid.

Tar*tram"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tartramic acid.

Tar*tram"ic (?), a. [Tarto- + amic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is the primary acid amide derivative of tartaric acid.

Tar*tram"ide (?), n. [Tarto- + amide.] (Chem.) An acid amide derivative of tartaric acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Tar"trate (?), n. [Cf. F. tartrate.] (Chem.) A salt of tartaric acid.

Tar"tra`ted (?), a. (Med. Chem.) Containing, or derived from, tartar; combined with tartaric acid.

Tar"tra*zine (?), n. [Tartaric + hydrazine.] (Chem.) An artificial dyestuff obtained as an orange-yellow powder, and regarded as a phenyl hydrazine derivative of tartaric and sulphonic acids.

Tar*trel"ic (?), a. [From Tartar the chemical compound.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an anhydride, C4H4O5, of tartaric acid, obtained as a white crystalline deliquescent substance.

Tar"tro-. A combining form (also used adjectively) used in chemistry to denote the presence of tartar or of some of its compounds or derivatives.

Tar"tro*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tartronic acid.

Tar*tron"ic (?), a. [Tartro- + malonic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also hydroxy malonic acid) obtained, by reducing mesoxalic acid, as a white crystalline substance.

Tar"tro*nyl (?), n. [Tartronic + - yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical constituting the characteristic residue of tartronic acid and certain of its derivatives.

Tar`tro*vin"ic (?), a. [Tartro- + vinic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain acid composed of tartaric acid in combination with ethyl, and now called ethyltartaric acid.

{ Tar*tuffe", Tar*tufe" } (?), n. [F. tartufe.] A hypocritical devotee. See the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

{ Tar*tuff"ish, Tar*tuf"ish, } a. Like a tartuffe; precise; hypocritical. Sterne.

Tar"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several resinous-glandular composite plants of California, esp. to the species of Grindelia, Hemizonia, and Madia.

Tas (?), n. [F.] A heap. [Obs.] "The tas of bodies slain." Chaucer.

Tas, v. t. To tassel. [Obs.] "A purse of leather tassed with silk." Chaucer.

Tas"co (?), n. [Cf. Sp. tasconio.] A kind of clay for making melting pots. Percy Smith.

Ta*sim"er (t&adot;*s&ibreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), n. [Gr. ta`sis stretching, extension (from tei`nein to stretch) + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for detecting or measuring minute extensions or movements of solid bodies. It consists essentially of a small rod, disk, or button of carbon, forming part of an electrical circuit, the resistance of which, being varied by the changes of pressure produced by the movements of the object to be measured, causes variations in the strength of the current, which variations are indicated by a sensitive galvanometer. It is also used for measuring minute changes of temperature. T. A. Edison.

Task (t&adot;sk), n. [OE. taske, OF. tasque, F. tâche, for tasche, LL. tasca, taxa, fr. L. taxare to rate, appraise, estimate. See Tax, n. & v.] 1. Labor or study imposed by another, often in a definite quantity or amount.

Ma task of servile toil.
Milton.

Each morning sees some task begin,
Each evening sees it close.
Longfellow.

2. Business; employment; undertaking; labor.

His mental powers were equal to greater tasks.
Atterbury.

To take to task. See under Take.

Syn. -- Work; labor; employment; business; toil; drudgery; study; lesson; stint.

Task, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tasked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tasking.] 1. To impose a task upon; to assign a definite amount of business, labor, or duty to.

There task thy maids, and exercise the loom.
Dryden.

2. To oppress with severe or excessive burdens; to tax.

3. To charge; to tax, as with a fault.

Too impudent to task me with those errors.
Beau. & Fl.

Task"er (?), n. 1. One who imposes a task.

2. One who performs a task, as a day-laborer. [R.]

3. A laborer who receives his wages in kind. [Scot.]

Task"mas`ter (?), n. One who imposes a task, or burdens another with labor; one whose duty is to assign tasks; an overseer. Ex. i. 11.

All is, if I have grace to use it so,
As ever in my great Taskmaster's eye.
Milton.

Task"work` (?), n. Work done as a task; also, work done by the job; piecework.

Tas"let (?), n. [See Tasse a piece of armor.] A piece of armor formerly worn to guard the thighs; a tasse.

Tas*ma"ni*an (tăz*mā"n&ibreve;*an), a. Of or pertaining to Tasmania, or Van Diemen's Land. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Tasmania; specifically (Ethnol.), in the plural, the race of men that formerly inhabited Tasmania, but is now extinct.

Tasmanian cider tree. (Bot.) See the Note under Eucalyptus. -- Tasmanian devil. (Zoöl.) See under Devil. -- Tasmanian wolf (Zoöl.), a savage carnivorous marsupial; -- called also zebra wolf. See Zebra wolf, under Wolf.

Tasse (?), n. [OF. tassette.] A piece of armor for the thighs, forming an appendage to the ancient corselet.

&fist; Usually the tasse was a plate of iron swinging from the cuirass, but the skirts of sliding splints were also called by this name.

Tas"sel (?), n. (Falconry) A male hawk. See Tercel.

Tas"sel, n. [See Teasel.] A kind of bur used in dressing cloth; a teasel.

Tas"sel, n. [OE., a fastening of a mantle, OF. tassel a fastening, clasp, F. tasseau a bracket, Fr. L. taxillus a little die, dim. of talus a die of a longish shape, rounded on two sides and marked only on the other four, a knuckle bone.] 1. A pendent ornament, attached to the corners of cushions, to curtains, and the like, ending in a tuft of loose threads or cords.

2. The flower or head of some plants, esp. when pendent.

And the maize field grew and ripened, Till it stood in all the splendor
Of its garments green and yellow,
Of its tassels and its plumage.
Longfellow.

3. A narrow silk ribbon, or the like, sewed to a book to be put between the leaves.

4. (Arch.) A piece of board that is laid upon a wall as a sort of plate, to give a level surface to the ends of floor timbers; -- rarely used in the United States.

Tassel flower (Bot.), a name of several composite plants of the genus Cineraria, especially the C. sconchifolia, and of the blossoms which they bear.

Tas"sel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tasseled (?) or Tasselled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tasseling or Tasselling.] To put forth a tassel or flower; as, maize tassels.

Tas"sel, v. t. To adorn with tassels. Chaucer.

Tas"set (?), n. [See Tasse.] A defense for the front of the thigh, consisting of one or more iron plates hanging from the belt on the lower edge of the corselet.

Tast"a*ble (tāst"&adot;*b'l), a. Capable of worthy of being tasted; savory; relishing.

Taste (tāst), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tasting.] [OE. tasten to feel, to taste, OF. taster, F. tater to feel, to try by the touch, to try, to taste, (assumed) LL. taxitare, fr. L. taxare to touch sharply, to estimate. See Tax, v. t.] 1. To try by the touch; to handle; as, to taste a bow. [Obs.] Chapman.

Taste it well and stone thou shalt it find.
Chaucer.

2. To try by the touch of the tongue; to perceive the relish or flavor of (anything) by taking a small quantity into a mouth. Also used figuratively.

When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine.
John ii. 9.

When Commodus had once tasted human blood, he became incapable of pity or remorse.
Gibbon.

3. To try by eating a little; to eat a small quantity of.

I tasted a little of this honey.
1 Sam. xiv. 29.

4. To become acquainted with by actual trial; to essay; to experience; to undergo.

He . . . should taste death for every man.
Heb. ii. 9.

5. To partake of; to participate in; -- usually with an implied sense of relish or pleasure.

Thou . . . wilt taste
No pleasure, though in pleasure, solitary.
Milton.

Taste, v. i. 1. To try food with the mouth; to eat or drink a little only; to try the flavor of anything; as, to taste of each kind of wine.

2. To have a smack; to excite a particular sensation, by which the specific quality or flavor is distinguished; to have a particular quality or character; as, this water tastes brackish; the milk tastes of garlic.

Yea, every idle, nice, and wanton reason
Shall to the king taste of this action.
Shak.

3. To take sparingly.

For age but tastes of pleasures, youth devours.
Dryden.

4. To have perception, experience, or enjoyment; to partake; as, to taste of nature's bounty. Waller.

The valiant never taste of death but once.
Shak.

Taste, n. 1. The act of tasting; gustation.

2. A particular sensation excited by the application of a substance to the tongue; the quality or savor of any substance as perceived by means of the tongue; flavor; as, the taste of an orange or an apple; a bitter taste; an acid taste; a sweet taste.

3. (Physiol.) The one of the five senses by which certain properties of bodies (called their taste, savor, flavor) are ascertained by contact with the organs of taste.

&fist; Taste depends mainly on the contact of soluble matter with the terminal organs (connected with branches of the glossopharyngeal and other nerves) in the papillæ on the surface of the tongue. The base of the tongue is considered most sensitive to bitter substances, the point to sweet and acid substances.

4. Intellectual relish; liking; fondness; -- formerly with of, now with for; as, he had no taste for study.

I have no taste
Of popular applause.
Dryden.

5. The power of perceiving and relishing excellence in human performances; the faculty of discerning beauty, order, congruity, proportion, symmetry, or whatever constitutes excellence, particularly in the fine arts and belles-letters; critical judgment; discernment.

6. Manner, with respect to what is pleasing, refined, or in accordance with good usage; style; as, music composed in good taste; an epitaph in bad taste.

7. Essay; trial; experience; experiment. Shak.

8. A small portion given as a specimen; a little piece tasted or eaten; a bit. Bacon.

9. A kind of narrow and thin silk ribbon.

Syn. -- Savor; relish; flavor; sensibility; gout. -- Taste, Sensibility, Judgment. Some consider taste as a mere sensibility, and others as a simple exercise of judgment; but a union of both is requisite to the existence of anything which deserves the name. An original sense of the beautiful is just as necessary to æsthetic judgments, as a sense of right and wrong to the formation of any just conclusions on moral subjects. But this "sense of the beautiful" is not an arbitrary principle. It is under the guidance of reason; it grows in delicacy and correctness with the progress of the individual and of society at large; it has its laws, which are seated in the nature of man; and it is in the development of these laws that we find the true "standard of taste."

What, then, is taste, but those internal powers,
Active and strong, and feelingly alive
To each fine impulse? a discerning sense
Of decent and sublime, with quick disgust
From things deformed, or disarranged, or gross
In species? This, nor gems, nor stores of gold,
Nor purple state, nor culture, can bestow,
But God alone, when first his active hand
Imprints the secret bias of the soul.
Akenside.

Taste of buds, or Taste of goblets (Anat.), the flask-shaped end organs of taste in the epithelium of the tongue. They are made up of modified epithelial cells arranged somewhat like leaves in a bud.

Taste"ful (?), a. 1. Having a high relish; savory. "Tasteful herbs." Pope.

2. Having or exhibiting good taste; in accordance with good taste; tasty; as, a tasteful drapery.

-- Taste"ful*ly, adv. -- Taste"ful*ness, n.

Taste"less, a. 1. Having no taste; insipid; flat; as, tasteless fruit.

2. Destitute of the sense of taste; or of good taste; as, a tasteless age. Orrery.

3. Not in accordance with good taste; as, a tasteless arrangement of drapery.

-- Taste"less*ly, adv. -- Taste"less*ness, n.

Tast"er (?), n. 1. One who tastes; especially, one who first tastes food or drink to ascertain its quality.

Thy tutor be thy taster, ere thou eat.
Dryden.

2. That in which, or by which, anything is tasted, as, a dram cup, a cheese taster, or the like.

3. (Zoöl.) One of a peculiar kind of zooids situated on the polyp-stem of certain Siphonophora. They somewhat resemble the feeding zooids, but are destitute of mouths. See Siphonophora.

Tast"i*ly (?), adv. In a tasty manner.

Tast"ing, n. The act of perceiving or tasting by the organs of taste; the faculty or sense by which we perceive or distinguish savors.

||Tas"to (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A key or thing touched to produce a tone.

||Tasto solo, single touch; -- in old music, a direction denoting that the notes in the bass over or under which it is written should be performed alone, or with no other chords than unisons and octaves.

Tast"y (?), a. [Compar. Tastier (?); superl. Tastiest.] 1. Having a good taste; -- applied to persons; as, a tasty woman. See Taste, n., 5.

2. Being in conformity to the principles of good taste; elegant; as, tasty furniture; a tasty dress.

Tat (?), n. [Hind. tāt.] Gunny cloth made from the fiber of the Corchorus olitorius, or jute. [India]

Tat, n. [Hind. tatt&?;.] (Zoöl.) A pony. [India]

Ta*tau"pa (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoöl.) A South American tinamou (Crypturus tataupa).

Tatch (?), n. [F. tache spot. See Techy.] A spot or stain; also, a trick. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Tath (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Ta, to take.

Tath, n. [Prov. E.; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. ta&?; dung, ta&?;a the grass of a manured pasture, te&?;ja to manure. √58. Cf. Ted.] 1. Dung, or droppings of cattle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. The luxuriant grass growing about the droppings of cattle in a pasture. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Tath, v. t. To manure (land) by pasturing cattle on it, or causing them to lie upon it. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Ta*tou" (?), n. [Cf. Tatouay.] (Zoöl.) The giant armadillo (Priodontes gigas) of tropical South America. It becomes nearly five feet long including the tail. It is noted for its burrowing powers, feeds largely upon dead animals, and sometimes invades human graves.

Tat"ou*ay (?), n. [Of Brazilian origin; cf. Pg. tatu, F. tatou.] (Zoöl.) An armadillo (Xenurus unicinctus), native of the tropical parts of South America. It has about thirteen movable bands composed of small, nearly square, scales. The head is long; the tail is round and tapered, and nearly destitute of scales; the claws of the fore feet are very large. Called also tatouary, and broad-banded armadillo.

Tat"ou*hou (?), n. [Cf. Tatouay.] (Zoöl.) The peba.

Tatt (?), v. t. & i. To make (anything) by tatting; to work at tatting; as, tatted edging.

||Tat"ta (?), n. [Hind. &?;a&?;&?;ī, tātī.] A bamboo frame or trellis hung at a door or window of a house, over which water is suffered to trickle, in order to moisten and cool the air as it enters. [India]

Tat"ter (?), n. One who makes tatting. Caulfield & S. (Doct. of Needlework).

Tat"ter (?), n. [Icel. tötur, töttur, pl. tötrar, &?;öttrar; cf. Norw. totra, pl. totror, LG. taltern tatters. √240.] A rag, or a part torn and hanging; -- chiefly used in the plural.

Tear a passion to tatters, to very rags.
Shak.

Tat"ter, v. t. [p. p. Tattered (?).] To rend or tear into rags; -- used chiefly in the past participle as an adjective.

Where waved the tattered ensigns of Ragfair.
Pope.

Tat`ter*de*mal"ion (?), n. [Tatter + OF. desmaillier to break the meshes of, to tear: cf. OF. maillon long clothes, swadding clothes, F. maillot. See Tatter, and Mail armor.] A ragged fellow; a ragamuffin. L'Estrange.

Tat"ting (?), n. A kind of lace made from common sewing thread, with a peculiar stitch.

Tatting shuttle, the shuttle on which the thread used in tatting is wound.

Tat"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tattling (?).] [Akin to OE. tateren, LG. tateln, D. tateren to stammer, and perhaps to E. titter.] 1. To prate; to talk idly; to use many words with little meaning; to chat.

The tattling quality of age, which is always narrative.
Dryden.

2. To tell tales; to communicate secrets; to be a talebearer; as, a tattling girl.

Tat"tle, n. Idle talk or chat; trifling talk; prate.

[They] told the tattle of the day.
Swift.

Tat"tler (?), n. 1. One who tattles; an idle talker; one who tells tales. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of large, long-legged sandpipers belonging to the genus Totanus.

&fist; The common American species are the greater tattler, or telltale (T. melanoleucus), the smaller tattler, or lesser yellowlegs (T. flavipes), the solitary tattler (T. solitarius), and the semipalmated tattler, or willet. The first two are called also telltale, telltale spine, telltale tattler, yellowlegs, yellowshanks, and yelper.

Tat"tler*y (?), n. Idle talk or chat; tittle-tattle.

Tat"tling (?), a. Given to idle talk; apt to tell tales. -- Tat"tling*ly, adv.

Tat*too" (?), n. [Earlier taptoo, D. taptoe; tap a tap, faucet + toe to, shut (i. e., the taps, or drinking houses, shut from the soldiers).] (Mil.) A beat of drum, or sound of a trumpet or bugle, at night, giving notice to soldiers to retreat, or to repair to their quarters in garrison, or to their tents in camp.

The Devil's tattoo. See under Devil.

Tat*too", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tattooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tattooing.] [Of Polynesian origin; cf. New Zealand ta to tattoo, tatu puncturation (in Otaheite).] To color, as the flesh, by pricking in coloring matter, so as to form marks or figures which can not be washed out.

Tat*too", n.; pl. Tattoos (&?;). An indelible mark or figure made by puncturing the skin and introducing some pigment into the punctures; -- a mode of ornamentation practiced by various barbarous races, both in ancient and modern times, and also by some among civilized nations, especially by sailors.

Ta*tu" (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tatou.

Ta*tu"si*id (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any armadillo of the family Tatusiidæ, of which the peba and mule armadillo are examples. Also used adjectively.

Tau (?), n. [Gr. tay^ the letter τ (English T).] (Zoöl.) The common American toadfish; -- so called from a marking resembling the Greek letter tau (τ).

Tau cross. See Illust. 6, of Cross.

Taught (?), a. See Taut. Totten.

Taught, imp. & p. p. of Teach. [AS. imp. t&aemacr;hte, p. p. get&aemacr;ht.] See Teach.

Taunt (?), a. [Cf. OF. tant so great, F. tant so much, L. tantus of such size, so great, so much.] (Naut.) Very high or tall; as, a ship with taunt masts. Totten.

Taunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Taunting.] [Earlier, to tease; probably fr. OF. tanter to tempt, to try, for tenter. See Tempt.] To reproach with severe or insulting words; to revile; to upbraid; to jeer at; to flout.

When I had at my pleasure taunted her.
Shak.

Syn. -- To deride; ridicule; mock; jeer; flout; revile. See Deride.

Taunt, n. Upbraiding language; bitter or sarcastic reproach; insulting invective.

With scoffs, and scorns, and contemelious taunts.
Shak.

With sacrilegious taunt and impious jest.
Prior.

Taunt"er (?), n. One who taunts.

Taunt"ing, a. & n. from Taunt, v.

Every kind of insolent and taunting reflection.
Burke.

Taunt"ing*ly, adv. In a taunting manner.

Taunt"ress (?), n. A woman who taunts.

Taur (?), n. [L. Taurus.] The constellation Taurus. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tau`ri*cor"nous (?), a. [L. tauricornis; taurus a bull + cornu a horn.] (Zoöl.) Having horns like those of a bull. Sir T. Browne.

Tau`ri*dor" (?), n. [See Toreador.] A bullfighter; a toreador. Sir W. Scott.

Tau"ri*form (?), a. [L. tauriformis; taurus a bull + -form: cf. F. tauriforme.] Having the form of a bull.

Tau"rine (?), a. [L. taurinus, fr. taurus a bull. See Taurus.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the genus Taurus, or cattle.

Tau"rine (?), n. [So named because it was discovered in the bile of the ox. See Taurus.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body occurring in small quantity in the juices of muscle, in the lungs, and elsewhere, but especially in the bile, where it is found as a component part of taurocholic acid, from which it can be prepared by decomposition of the acid. It crystallizes in colorless, regular six-sided prisms, and is especially characterized by containing both nitrogen and sulphur, being chemically amido-isethionic acid, C2H7NSO3.

Tau`ro*cho"late (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A salt of taurocholic acid; as, sodium taurocholate, which occurs in human bile.

Tau`ro*chol"ic (?), a. [Taurine + cholic.] (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a conjugate acid (called taurocholic acid) composed of taurine and cholic acid, present abundantly in human bile and in that of carnivora. It is exceedingly deliquescent, and hence appears generally as a thick, gummy mass, easily soluble in water and alcohol. It has a bitter taste.

{ Tau"ro*col (?), Tau`ro*col"la (?), } n. [NL. taurocolla, fr. Gr. tayro`kolla; tay^ros a bull + ko`lla glue: cf. F. taurocolle.] Glue made from a bull's hide.

Tau`ro*ma"chi*an (?), a. [See Tauromachy.] Of or pertaining to bullfights. -- n. A bullfighter.

Tau*rom"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. tayromachi`a; tay^ros bull + ma`chh fight.] Bullfighting.

||Tau"rus (t&add;"rŭs), n. [L., akin to Gr. tay^ros, and E. steer. See Steer a young ox.] 1. (Astron.) (a) The Bull; the second in order of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of April; -- marked thus [&taurus;] in almanacs. (b) A zodiacal constellation, containing the well- known clusters called the Pleiades and the Hyades, in the latter of which is situated the remarkably bright Aldebaran.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of ruminants comprising the common domestic cattle.

Tau*ryl"ic (?), a. [L. taurus a bull + E. phenylic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found of a urine of neat cattle, and probably identical with cresol.

Taut (?), a. [Dan. tæt; akin to E. tight. See Tight.] 1. (Naut.) Tight; stretched; not slack; -- said esp. of a rope that is tightly strained.

2. Snug; close; firm; secure.

Taut hand (Naut.), a sailor's term for an officer who is severe in discipline.

Tau`te*gor"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;, for &?; &?; the same + &?; to speak. Cf. Allegory.] Expressing the same thing with different words; -- opposed to allegorical. [R.] Coleridge.

Tau"to*chrone (?), n. [Gr. &?;, for &?; &?; the same + &?; time: cf. F. tautochrone.] (Math.) A curved line, such that a heavy body, descending along it by the action of gravity, will always arrive at the lowest point in the same time, wherever in the curve it may begin to fall; as, an inverted cycloid with its base horizontal is a tautochrone.

Tau*toch"ro*nous (?), a. (Math.) Occupying the same time; pertaining to, or having the properties of, a tautochrone.

Tau*tog" (?), n. [The pl. of taut, the American Indian name, translated by Roger Williams sheep's heads, and written by him tautaúog.] (Zoöl.) An edible labroid fish (Haitula onitis, or Tautoga onitis) of the Atlantic coast of the United States. When adult it is nearly black, more or less irregularly barred, with greenish gray. Called also blackfish, oyster fish, salt-water chub, and moll. [Written also tautaug.]

Tau`to*log"ic (?), a. Tautological.

Tau`to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. tautologique.] Involving tautology; having the same signification; as, tautological expression. -- Tau`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Tautological echo, an echo that repeats the same sound or syllable many times.

Tau*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who uses tautological words or phrases.

Tau*tol"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tautologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tautologizing (?).] To repeat the same thing in different words.

Tau*tol"o*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?;, for &?; &?; the same + &?; to speak.] Repeating the same thing in different words; tautological. [R.] Tooke.

Tau*tol"o*gy (?), n. [L. tautologia, Gr. &?;: cf. F. tautologie.] (Rhet.) A repetition of the same meaning in different words; needless repetition of an idea in different words or phrases; a representation of anything as the cause, condition, or consequence of itself, as in the following lines: --

The dawn is overcast, the morning lowers,
And heavily in clouds brings on the day.
Addison.

Syn. -- Repetition. -- Tautology, Repetition. There may be frequent repetitions (as in legal instruments) which are warranted either by necessity or convenience; but tautology is always a fault, being a sameness of expression which adds nothing to the sense or the sound.

Tau`to*mer"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Relating to, or characterized by, tautomerism.

Tau*tom"er*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?;, for &?; &?; the same + &?; part.] (Chem.) The condition, quality, or relation of metameric substances, or their respective derivatives, which are more or less interchangeable, according as one form or the other is the more stable. It is a special case of metamerism; thus, the lactam and the lactim compounds exhibit tautomerism.

{ Tau`to*ou"si*an (?), Tau`to*ou"si*ous (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; &?;, for &?; &?; the same + &?; being, essence.] Having the same essence; being identically of the same nature. [R.] Cudworth.

Tau`to*phon"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, tautophony; repeating the same sound.

Tau*toph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?;, for &?; &?; the same + &?; voice.] Repetition of the same sound.

Tau`to*zon"al (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?;, for &?; &?; the same + E. zonal.] (Crystallog.) Belonging to the same zone; as, tautozonal planes.

Tav"ern (?), n. [OE. taverne, F. taverne, from L. taberna a hut, booth, tavern. Cf. Table, Tabernacle.] A public house where travelers and other transient guests are accomodated with rooms and meals; an inn; a hotel; especially, in modern times, a public house licensed to sell liquor in small quantities.

Tav"ern*er (?), n. [F. tavernier, L. tabernarius.] One who keeps a tavern. Chaucer. Camden.

Tav"ern*ing, n. A feasting at taverns. [Obs.] "The misrule of our tavernings." Bp. Hall.

Tav"ern*man (?), n.; pl. Tavernmen (&?;). The keeper of a tavern; also, a tippler. [Obs.]

Taw (?), n. Tow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Taw, v. t. [Cf. Tew to tow, Tow, v. t.] To push; to tug; to tow. [Obs.] Drayton.

Taw (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tawing.] [OE. tawen, tewen, AS. tāwian to prepare; cf. D. touwen, Goth. tēwa order, taujan to do, and E. tool. √64. Cf. 1st Tew, Tow the coarse part of flax.] 1. To prepare or dress, as hemp, by beating; to tew; hence, to beat; to scourge. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To dress and prepare, as the skins of sheep, lambs, goats, and kids, for gloves, and the like, by imbuing them with alum, salt, and other agents, for softening and bleaching them.

Taw, n. [Cf. AS. tāw instrument.] 1. A large marble to be played with; also, a game at marbles.

2. A line or mark from which the players begin a game of marbles. [Colloq. U. S.]

Taw"dri*ly (?), adv. In a tawdry manner.

Taw"dri*ness, n. Quality or state of being tawdry.

A clumsy person makes his ungracefulness more ungraceful by tawdriness of dress.
Richardson.

Taw"dry (?), a. [Compar. Tawdrier (?); superl. Tawdriest.] [Said to be corrupted from Saint Audrey, or Auldrey, meaning Saint Ethelreda, implying therefore, originally, bought at the fair of St. Audrey, where laces and gay toys of all sorts were sold. This fair was held in Isle Ely, and probably at other places, on the day of the saint, which was the 17th of October.] 1. Bought at the festival of St. Audrey. [Obs.]

And gird in your waist,
For more fineness, with a tawdry lace.
Spenser.

2. Very fine and showy in colors, without taste or elegance; having an excess of showy ornaments without grace; cheap and gaudy; as, a tawdry dress; tawdry feathers; tawdry colors.

He rails from morning to night at essenced fops and tawdry courtiers.
Spectator.

Taw"dry, n.; pl. Tawdries (&?;). A necklace of a rural fashion, bought at St. Audrey's fair; hence, a necklace in general. [Obs.]

Of which the Naiads and the blue Nereids make
Them tawdries for their necks.
Drayton.

Taw"er (?), n. One who taws; a dresser of white leather.

Taw"er*y (?), n. A place where skins are tawed.

Taw"ni*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being tawny.

Taw"ny (?), a. [Compar. Tawnier (?); superl. Tawniest.] [F. tanné, p. p. of tanner to tan. See Tan, v. t. & n. Cf. Tenné.] Of a dull yellowish brown color, like things tanned, or persons who are sunburnt; as, tawny Moor or Spaniard; the tawny lion. "A leopard's tawny and spotted hide." Longfellow.

Taws (?), n. [See Taw to beat.] A leather lash, or other instrument of punishment, used by a schoolmaster. [Written also tawes, tawis, and tawse.] [Scot.]

Never use the taws when a gloom can do the turn.
Ramsay.

Tax (?), n. [F. taxe, fr. taxer to tax, L. taxare to touch, sharply, to feel, handle, to censure, value, estimate, fr. tangere, tactum, to touch. See Tangent, and cf. Task, Taste.] 1. A charge, especially a pecuniary burden which is imposed by authority. Specifically: --

(a) A charge or burden laid upon persons or property for the support of a government.

A farmer of taxes is, of all creditors, proverbially the most rapacious.
Macaulay.

(b) Especially, the sum laid upon specific things, as upon polls, lands, houses, income, etc.; as, a land tax; a window tax; a tax on carriages, and the like. Taxes are annual or perpetual, direct or indirect, etc.

(c) A sum imposed or levied upon the members of a society to defray its expenses.

2. A task exacted from one who is under control; a contribution or service, the rendering of which is imposed upon a subject.

3. A disagreeable or burdensome duty or charge; as, a heavy tax on time or health.

4. Charge; censure. [Obs.] Clarendon.

5. A lesson to be learned; a task. [Obs.] Johnson.

Tax cart, a spring cart subject to a low tax. [Eng.]

Syn. -- Impost; tribute; contribution; duty; toll; rate; assessment; exaction; custom; demand.

Tax (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taxing.] [Cf. F. taxer. See Tax, n.] 1. To subject to the payment of a tax or taxes; to impose a tax upon; to lay a burden upon; especially, to exact money from for the support of government.

We are more heavily taxed by our idleness, pride, and folly than we are taxed by government.
Franklin.

2. (Law) To assess, fix, or determine judicially, the amount of; as, to tax the cost of an action in court.

3. To charge; to accuse; also, to censure; -- often followed by with, rarely by of before an indirect object; as, to tax a man with pride.

I tax you, you elements, with unkindness.
Shak.

Men's virtues I have commended as freely as I have taxed their crimes.
Dryden.

Fear not now that men should tax thine honor.
M. Arnold.

Tax`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being taxable; taxableness.

Tax"a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being taxed; liable by law to the assessment of taxes; as, taxable estate; taxable commodities.

2. (Law) That may be legally charged by a court against the plaintiff of defendant in a suit; as, taxable costs.

-- Tax"a*ble*ness, n. -- Tax"a*bly, adv.

Tax`as*pid"e*an (?), a. [Gr. ta`xis an arrangement + &?;, &?;, shield.] (Zoöl.) Having the posterior tarsal scales, or scutella, rectangular and arranged in regular rows; -- said of certain birds.

Tax*a"tion (?), n. [F. taxation, L. taxatio a valuing, estimation, from L. taxare. See Tax.] 1. The act of laying a tax, or of imposing taxes, as on the subjects of a state, by government, or on the members of a corporation or company, by the proper authority; the raising of revenue; also, a system of raising revenue.

2. (Law) The act of taxing, or assessing a bill of cost.

3. Tax; sum imposed. [R.] Daniel.

4. Charge; accusation. [Obs.] Shak.

Tax"el (?), n. (Zoöl.) The American badger.

||Tax`e*op"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (?) + -poda.] (Paleon.) An order of extinct Mammalia found in the Tertiary formations.

Tax"er (?), n. 1. One who taxes.

2. One of two officers chosen yearly to regulate the assize of bread, and to see the true gauge of weights and measures is observed. [Camb. Univ., Eng.] [Written also taxor.]

Tax"gath`er*er (?), n. One who collects taxes or revenues. -- Tax"gath`er*ing, n.

Tax"i*arch (?), n. [Gr. &?; and &?;; &?; a division of an army, a brigade (from &?; to arrange, array) + to rule.] (Gr. Antiq.) An Athenian military officer commanding a certain division of an army. Milford.

Tax"i*corn (?), n. [L. taxus a yew + cornu a horn: cf. F. taxicorne.] (Zoöl.) One of a family of beetles (Taxicornes) whose antennæ are largest at the tip. Also used adjectively.

Tax`i*der"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. taxidermique.] Of or pertaining to the art of preparing and preserving the skins of animals.

Tax"i*der`mist (?), n. A person skilled in taxidermy.

Tax"i*der`my (?), n. [Gr. ta`xis an arranging, arrangement (fr. ta`ssein to arrange) + &?; a skin, from &?; to skin: cf. F. taxidermie. See Tactics, Tear, v. t.] The art of preparing, preserving, and mounting the skins of animals so as to represent their natural appearance, as for cabinets.

Tax"ine (?), n. [L. taxus a yew.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid of bitter taste extracted from the leaves and seeds of the European yew (Taxus baccata). Called also taxia.

||Tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ta`xis a division or arrangement, fr. ta`ssein to arrange.] (Surg.) Manipulation applied to a hernial tumor, or to an intestinal obstruction, for the purpose of reducing it. Dunglison.

Tax"less, a. Free from taxation.

Tax*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. ta`xis arrangement + -logy.] (Biol.) Same as Taxonomy.

Tax`o*nom"ic (tăks`&obreve;*n&obreve;m"&ibreve;k), a. Pertaining to, or involving, taxonomy, or the laws and principles of classification; classificatory.

Tax*on"o*mist (tăks*&obreve;n"&osl;*m&ibreve;st), n. One skilled in taxonomy.

Tax*on"o*my (-m&ybreve;), n. [Gr. ta`xis an arrangement, order + no`mos a law.] That division of the natural sciences which treats of the classification of animals and plants; the laws or principles of classification.

Tax"or (?), n. [NL.] Same as Taxer, n., 2.

Tax"pay`er (?), n. One who is assessed and pays a tax.

Tay"ra (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoöl.) A South American carnivore (Galera barbara) allied to the grison. The tail is long and thick. The length, including the tail, is about three feet. [Written also taira.]

Ta"zel (?), n. (Bot.) The teasel. [Obs.]

||Taz"za (?), n. [It.] An ornamental cup or vase with a large, flat, shallow bowl, resting on a pedestal and often having handles.

T" cart` (?). See under T.

||Tcha*wy"tcha (?), n. (Zoöl.) The quinnat salmon. [Local, U. S.]

Tea (tē), n. [Chin. tshā, Prov. Chin. te: cf. F. thé.] 1. The prepared leaves of a shrub, or small tree (Thea, or Camellia, Chinensis). The shrub is a native of China, but has been introduced to some extent into some other countries.

&fist; Teas are classed as green or black, according to their color or appearance, the kinds being distinguished also by various other characteristic differences, as of taste, odor, and the like. The color, flavor, and quality are dependent upon the treatment which the leaves receive after being gathered. The leaves for green tea are heated, or roasted slightly, in shallow pans over a wood fire, almost immediately after being gathered, after which they are rolled with the hands upon a table, to free them from a portion of their moisture, and to twist them, and are then quickly dried. Those intended for black tea are spread out in the air for some time after being gathered, and then tossed about with the hands until they become soft and flaccid, when they are roasted for a few minutes, and rolled, and having then been exposed to the air for a few hours in a soft and moist state, are finally dried slowly over a charcoal fire. The operation of roasting and rolling is sometimes repeated several times, until the leaves have become of the proper color. The principal sorts of green tea are Twankay, the poorest kind; Hyson skin, the refuse of Hyson; Hyson, Imperial, and Gunpowder, fine varieties; and Young Hyson, a choice kind made from young leaves gathered early in the spring. Those of black tea are Bohea, the poorest kind; Congou; Oolong; Souchong, one of the finest varieties; and Pekoe, a fine-flavored kind, made chiefly from young spring buds. See Bohea, Congou, Gunpowder tea, under Gunpowder, Hyson, Oolong, and Souchong. K. Johnson. Tomlinson.

&fist; "No knowledge of . . . [tea] appears to have reached Europe till after the establishment of intercourse between Portugal and China in 1517. The Portuguese, however, did little towards the introduction of the herb into Europe, and it was not till the Dutch established themselves at Bantam early in 17th century, that these adventurers learned from the Chinese the habit of tea drinking, and brought it to Europe." Encyc. Brit.

2. A decoction or infusion of tea leaves in boiling water; as, tea is a common beverage.

3. Any infusion or decoction, especially when made of the dried leaves of plants; as, sage tea; chamomile tea; catnip tea.

4. The evening meal, at which tea is usually served; supper.

Arabian tea, the leaves of Catha edulis; also (Bot.), the plant itself. See Kat. -- Assam tea, tea grown in Assam, in India, originally brought there from China about the year 1850. -- Australian, or Botany Bay, tea (Bot.), a woody clambing plant (Smilax glycyphylla). -- Brazilian tea. (a) The dried leaves of Lantana pseodothea, used in Brazil as a substitute for tea. (b) The dried leaves of Stachytarpheta mutabilis, used for adulterating tea, and also, in Austria, for preparing a beverage. -- Labrador tea. (Bot.) See under Labrador. -- New Jersey tea (Bot.), an American shrub, the leaves of which were formerly used as a substitute for tea; redroot. See Redroot. -- New Zealand tea. (Bot.) See under New Zealand. -- Oswego tea. (Bot.) See Oswego tea. -- Paraguay tea, mate. See 1st Mate. -- Tea board, a board or tray for holding a tea set. -- Tea bug (Zoöl.), an hemipterous insect which injures the tea plant by sucking the juice of the tender leaves. -- Tea caddy, a small box for holding tea. -- Tea chest, a small, square wooden case, usually lined with sheet lead or tin, in which tea is imported from China. -- Tea clam (Zoöl.), a small quahaug. [Local, U. S.] -- Tea garden, a public garden where tea and other refreshments are served. -- Tea plant (Bot.), any plant, the leaves of which are used in making a beverage by infusion; specifically, Thea Chinensis, from which the tea of commerce is obtained. -- Tea rose (Bot.), a delicate and graceful variety of the rose (Rosa Indica, var. odorata), introduced from China, and so named from its scent. Many varieties are now cultivated. -- Tea service, the appurtenances or utensils required for a tea table, -- when of silver, usually comprising only the teapot, milk pitcher, and sugar dish. -- Tea set, a tea service. -- Tea table, a table on which tea furniture is set, or at which tea is drunk. -- Tea taster, one who tests or ascertains the quality of tea by tasting. -- Tea tree (Bot.), the tea plant of China. See Tea plant, above. -- Tea urn, a vessel generally in the form of an urn or vase, for supplying hot water for steeping, or infusing, tea.

Tea, v. i. To take or drink tea. [Colloq.]

Tea"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The checkerberry.

Teach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taught (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teaching.] [OE. techen, imp. taughte, tahte, AS. t&?;cean, imp. t&?;hte, to show, teach, akin to tācn token. See Token.] 1. To impart the knowledge of; to give intelligence concerning; to impart, as knowledge before unknown, or rules for practice; to inculcate as true or important; to exhibit impressively; as, to teach arithmetic, dancing, music, or the like; to teach morals.

If some men teach wicked things, it must be that others should practice them.
South.

2. To direct, as an instructor; to manage, as a preceptor; to guide the studies of; to instruct; to inform; to conduct through a course of studies; as, to teach a child or a class. "He taught his disciples." Mark ix. 31.

The village master taught his little school.
Goldsmith.

3. To accustom; to guide; to show; to admonish.

I shall myself to herbs teach you.
Chaucer.

They have taught their tongue to speak lies.
Jer. ix. 5.

&fist; This verb is often used with two objects, one of the person, the other of the thing; as, he taught me Latin grammar. In the passive construction, either of these objects may be retained in the objective case, while the other becomes the subject; as, I was taught Latin grammar by him; Latin grammar was taught me by him.

Syn. -- To instruct; inform; inculcate; tell; guide; counsel; admonish. See the Note under Learn.

Teach (?), v. i. To give instruction; to follow the business, or to perform the duties, of a preceptor.

And gladly would he learn, and gladly teach.
Chaucer.

The priests thereof teach for hire.
Micah iii. 11.

Teach"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being taught; apt to learn; also, willing to receive instruction; docile.

We ought to bring our minds free, unbiased, and teachable, to learn our religion from the Word of God.
I. Watts.

Teach"a*ble*ness, n. Willingness to be taught.

Teache (?), n. [Cf. Ir. teaghaim, Gael. teasaich, to heat.] (Sugar Works) One of the series of boilers in which the cane juice is treated in making sugar; especially, the last boiler of the series. Ure.

Teach"er (?), n. 1. One who teaches or instructs; one whose business or occupation is to instruct others; an instructor; a tutor.

2. One who instructs others in religion; a preacher; a minister of the gospel; sometimes, one who preaches without regular ordination.

The teachers in all the churches assembled.
Sir W. Raleigh.

Teach"ing, n. The act or business of instructing; also, that which is taught; instruction.

Syn. -- Education; instruction; breeding. See Education.

Teach"less, a. Not teachable. [R.] Shelley.

Tea"cup` (?), n. A small cup from which to drink tea.

Tea"cup`ful (?), n.; pl. Teacupfuls (&?;). As much as a teacup can hold; enough to fill a teacup.

{ Tead, Teade } (?), n. [L. taeda, teda.] A torch. [Obs.] "A burning teade." Spenser.

Tea"gle (?), n. [Cf. Tackle.] A hoisting apparatus; an elevator; a crane; a lift. [Prov. Eng.]

Teague (?), n. [Cf. W. taeog, taeawg, adj., rustic, rude, n., a vassal, villain, pleasant, clown, Ir. th&?;atach rural, boorish.] An Irishman; -- a term used in contempt. Johnson.

Teak (?), n. [Malayalm tekku.] (Bot.) A tree of East Indies (Tectona grandis) which furnishes an extremely strong and durable timber highly valued for shipbuilding and other purposes; also, the timber of the tree. [Written also teek.]

African teak, a tree (Oldfieldia Africana) of Sierra Leone; also, its very heavy and durable wood; -- called also African oak. -- New Zeland teak, a large tree (Vitex littoralis) of New Zeland; also, its hard, durable timber.

Tea"ket`tle (?), n. A kettle in which water is boiled for making tea, coffee, etc.

Teal (?), n. [OE. tele; akin to D. teling a generation, production, teal, telen to breed, produce, and E. till to cultivate. The English word probably once meant, a brood or flock. See Till to cultivate.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small fresh-water ducks of the genus Anas and the subgenera Querquedula and Nettion. The male is handsomely colored, and has a bright green or blue speculum on the wings.

&fist; The common European teal (Anas crecca) and the European blue-winged teal, or garganey (A. querquedula or A. circia), are well-known species. In America the blue-winged teal (A. discors), the green-winged teal (A. Carolinensis), and the cinnamon teal (A. cynaoptera) are common species, valued as game birds. See Garganey.

Goose teal, a goslet. See Goslet. -- Teal duck, the common European teal.

Team (?), n. [OE. tem, team, AS. teám, offspring, progeny, race of descendants, family; akin to D. toom a bridle, LG. toom progeny, team, bridle, G. zaum a bridle, zeugen to beget, Icel. taumr to rein, bridle, Dan. tömme, Sw. töm, and also to E. tow to drag, tug to draw. √64. See Tug, and cf. Teem to bear.] 1. A group of young animals, especially of young ducks; a brood; a litter.

A team of ducklings about her.
Holland.

2. Hence, a number of animals moving together.

A long team of snowy swans on high.
Dryden.

3. Two or more horses, oxen, or other beasts harnessed to the same vehicle for drawing, as to a coach, wagon, sled, or the like. "A team of dolphins." Spenser.

To take his team and till the earth.
Piers Plowman.

It happened almost every day that coaches stuck fast, until a team of cattle could be procured from some neighboring farm to tug them out of the slough.
Macaulay.

4. A number of persons associated together in any work; a gang; especially, a number of persons selected to contend on one side in a match, or a series of matches, in a cricket, football, rowing, etc.

5. (Zoöl.) A flock of wild ducks.

6. (O. Eng. Law) A royalty or privilege granted by royal charter to a lord of a manor, of having, keeping, and judging in his court, his bondmen, neifes, and villains, and their offspring, or suit, that is, goods and chattels, and appurtenances thereto. Burrill.

Team (?), v. i. To engage in the occupation of driving a team of horses, cattle, or the like, as in conveying or hauling lumber, goods, etc.; to be a teamster.

Team, v. t. To convey or haul with a team; as, to team lumber. [R.] Thoreau.

Teamed (?), a. Yoked in, or as in, a team. [Obs.]

Let their teamed fishes softly swim.
Spenser.

Team"ing (?), n. 1. The act or occupation of driving a team, or of hauling or carrying, as logs, goods, or the like, with a team.

2. (Manuf.) Contract work. [R.] Knight.

Team"ster (?), n. One who drives a team.

Team"work` (?), n. Work done by a team, as distinguished from that done by personal labor.

Tea"pot` (?), n. A vessel with a spout, in which tea is made, and from which it is poured into teacups.

Tea"poy (?), n. [Hind. tipāi; Hind. tin there + Per. pāe foot.] An ornamental stand, usually with three legs, having caddies for holding tea.

Tear (tēr), n. [AS. teár; akin to G. zärhe, OHG. zahar, OFries. & Icel. tār, Sw. tår, Dan. taare, Goth. tagr, OIr. dēr, W. dagr, OW. dacr, L. lacrima, lacruma, for older dacruma, Gr. da`kry, da`kryon, da`kryma. √59. Cf. Lachrymose.] 1. (Physiol.) A drop of the limpid, saline fluid secreted, normally in small amount, by the lachrymal gland, and diffused between the eye and the eyelids to moisten the parts and facilitate their motion. Ordinarily the secretion passes through the lachrymal duct into the nose, but when it is increased by emotion or other causes, it overflows the lids.

And yet for thee ne wept she never a tear.
Chaucer.

2. Something in the form of a transparent drop of fluid matter; also, a solid, transparent, tear-shaped drop, as of some balsams or resins.

Let Araby extol her happy coast,
Her fragrant flowers, her trees with precious tears.
Dryden.

3. That which causes or accompanies tears; a lament; a dirge. [R.] "Some melodous tear." Milton.

&fist; Tear is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, tear-distilling, tear-drop, tear- filled, tear-stained, and the like.

Tear (târ), v. t. [imp. Tore (tōr), ((Obs. Tare) (târ); p. p. Torn (tōrn); p. pr. & vb. n. Tearing.] [OE. teren, AS. teran; akin to OS. farterian to destroy, D. teren to consume, G. zerren to pull, to tear, zehren to consume, Icel. tæra, Goth. gataíran to destroy, Lith. dirti to flay, Russ. drate to pull, to tear, Gr. de`rein to flay, Skr. dar to burst. √63. Cf. Darn, Epidermis, Tarre, Tirade.] 1. To separate by violence; to pull apart by force; to rend; to lacerate; as, to tear cloth; to tear a garment; to tear the skin or flesh.

Tear him to pieces; he's a conspirator.
Shak.

2. Hence, to divide by violent measures; to disrupt; to rend; as, a party or government torn by factions.

3. To rend away; to force away; to remove by force; to sunder; as, a child torn from its home.

The hand of fate
Hath torn thee from me.
Addison.

4. To pull with violence; as, to tear the hair.

5. To move violently; to agitate. "Once I loved torn ocean's roar." Byron.

To tear a cat, to rant violently; to rave; -- especially applied to theatrical ranting. [Obs.] Shak. -- To tear down, to demolish violently; to pull or pluck down. -- To tear off, to pull off by violence; to strip. -- To tear out, to pull or draw out by violence; as, to tear out the eyes. -- To tear up, to rip up; to remove from a fixed state by violence; as, to tear up a floor; to tear up the foundation of government or order.

Tear (?), v. i. 1. To divide or separate on being pulled; to be rent; as, this cloth tears easily.

2. To move and act with turbulent violence; to rush with violence; hence, to rage; to rave.

Tear (?), n. The act of tearing, or the state of being torn; a rent; a fissure. Macaulay.

Wear and tear. See under Wear, n.

Tear"er (?), n. One who tears or rends anything; also, one who rages or raves with violence.

Tear"-fall`ing (?), a. Shedding tears; tender. [Poetic] "Tear-falling pity." Shak.

Tear"ful (?), a. Abounding with tears; weeping; shedding tears; as, tearful eyes. -- Tear"ful*ly, adv. -- Tear"ful*ness, n.

Tear"less, a. Shedding no tears; free from tears; unfeeling. -- Tear"less*ly, adv. -- Tear"less*ness, n.

Tear"pit` (?), n. (Anat.) A cavity or pouch beneath the lower eyelid of most deer and antelope; the lachrymal sinus; larmier. It is capable of being opened at pleasure and secretes a waxy substance.

Tear"-thumb` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of plants of the genus Polygonum, having angular stems beset with minute reflexed prickles.

Tear"y (?), a. 1. Wet with tears; tearful.

2. Consisting of tears, or drops like tears.

Tea"-sau`cer (?), n. A small saucer in which a teacup is set.

Tease (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teasing.] [AS. t&?;san to pluck, tease; akin to OD. teesen, MHG. zeisen, Dan. tæse, tæsse. √58. Cf. Touse.] 1. To comb or card, as wool or flax. "Teasing matted wool." Wordsworth.

2. To stratch, as cloth, for the purpose of raising a nap; teasel.

3. (Anat.) To tear or separate into minute shreds, as with needles or similar instruments.

4. To vex with importunity or impertinence; to harass, annoy, disturb, or irritate by petty requests, or by jests and raillery; to plague. Cowper.

He . . . suffered them to tease him into acts directly opposed to his strongest inclinations.
Macaulay.

Syn. -- To vex; harass: annoy; disturb; irritate; plague; torment; mortify; tantalize; chagrin. -- Tease, Vex. To tease is literally to pull or scratch, and implies a prolonged annoyance in respect to little things, which is often more irritating, and harder to bear, than severe pain. Vex meant originally to seize and bear away hither and thither, and hence, to disturb; as, to vex the ocean with storms. This sense of the term now rarely occurs; but vex is still a stronger word than tease, denoting the disturbance or anger created by minor provocations, losses, disappointments, etc. We are teased by the buzzing of a fly in our eyes; we are vexed by the carelessness or stupidity of our servants.

Not by the force of carnal reason,
But indefatigable teasing.
Hudibras.

In disappointments, where the affections have been strongly placed, and the expectations sanguine, particularly where the agency of others is concerned, sorrow may degenerate into vexation and chagrin.
Cogan.

Tease tenon (Joinery), a long tenon at the top of a post to receive two beams crossing each other one above the other.

Tease (?), n. One who teases or plagues. [Colloq.]

Tea"sel (?), n. [OE. tesel, AS. t&?;sel, t&?;sl, the fuller's herb. See Tease.] [Written also tassel, tazel, teasle, teazel, and teazle.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Dipsacus, of which one species (D. fullonum) bears a large flower head covered with stiff, prickly, hooked bracts. This flower head, when dried, is used for raising a nap on woolen cloth.

&fist; Small teasel is Dipsacus pilosus, wild teasel is D. sylvestris.

2. A bur of this plant.

3. Any contrivance intended as a substitute for teasels in dressing cloth.

Teasel frame, a frame or set of iron bars in which teasel heads are fixed for raising the nap on woolen cloth.

Tea"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teaseled (?) or Teaselled; p. pr. & vb. n. Teaseling or Teaselling.] To subject, as woolen cloth, to the action of teasels, or any substitute for them which has an effect to raise a nap.

Tea"sel*er (?), n. One who uses teasels for raising a nap on cloth. [Written also teaseller, teasler.]

Tea"sel*ing, n. The cutting and gathering of teasels; the use of teasels. [Written also teaselling, teazling.]

Teas"er (?), n. 1. One who teases or vexes.

2. (Zoöl.) A jager gull. [Prov. Eng.]

Tea"sle (?), n. & v. t. See Teasel.

Tea"spoon` (tē"sp&oomac;n`), n. A small spoon used in stirring and sipping tea, coffee, etc., and for other purposes.

Tea"spoon`ful (?), n.; pl. Teaspoonfuls (&?;). As much as teaspoon will hold; enough to fill a teaspoon; -- usually reckoned at a fluid dram or one quarter of a tablespoonful.

Teat (?), n. [OE. tete, titte, AS. tit, titt; akin to LG. & OD. titte, D. tet, G. zitze: cf. F. tette, probably of Teutonic origin.] 1. The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the udder or breast of a mammal; a nipple; a pap; a mammilla; a dug; a tit.

2. (Mach.) A small protuberance or nozzle resembling the teat of an animal.

Teat"ed, a. Having protuberances resembling the teat of an animal.

Teathe (?), n. & v. See Tath. [Prov. Eng.]

Teat"ish (?), a. Peevish; tettish; fretful; -- said of a child. See Tettish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Teaze"-hole` (?), n. [Corrupted fr. F. tisard fire door.] (Glass Works) The opening in the furnaces through which fuel is introduced.

Tea"zel (?), n. & v. t. See Teasel.

Tea"zer (?), n. [Corrupted fr. F. tiser to feed a fire.] The stoker or fireman of a furnace, as in glass works. Tomlinson.

Tea"zle (?), n. & v. t. See Teasel.

Te"beth (?), n. [Heb.] The tenth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to a part of December with a part of January. Esther ii. 16.

Tech"i*ly (?), adv. In a techy manner.

Tech"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being techy.

Tech"nic (?), a. Technical.

Tech"nic, n. [See Technical, a.] 1. The method of performance in any art; technical skill; artistic execution; technique.

They illustrate the method of nature, not the technic of a manlike Artificer.
Tyndall.

2. pl. Technical terms or objects; things pertaining to the practice of an art or science.

Tech"nic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; an art, probably from the same root as &?;, &?;, to bring forth, produce, and perhaps akin to E. text: cf. F. technique.] Of or pertaining to the useful or mechanic arts, or to any science, business, or the like; specially appropriate to any art, science, or business; as, the words of an indictment must be technical. Blackstone.

Tech`ni*cal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Technicalities (&?;). 1. The quality or state of being technical; technicalness.

2. That which is technical, or peculiar to any trade, profession, sect, or the like.

The technicalities of the sect.
Palfrey.

Tech"nic*al*ly (?), adv. In a technical manner; according to the signification of terms as used in any art, business, or profession.

Tech"nic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being technical; technicality.

Tech"nic*als (?), n. pl. Those things which pertain to the practical part of an art, science, or profession; technical terms; technics.

Tech"ni*cist (?), n. One skilled in technics or in one or more of the practical arts.

Tech`ni*co*log"ic*al (?), a. Technological; technical. [R.] Dr. J. Scott.

Tech`ni*col"o*gy (?), n. Technology. [R.]

Tech"nics (?), n. The doctrine of arts in general; such branches of learning as respect the arts.

Tech`nique" (?), n. [F.] Same as Technic, n.

Tech"nism (?), n. Technicality.

Tech`no*log"ic (?), a. Technological.

Tech`no*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. technologique.] Of or pertaining to technology.

Tech*nol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in technology; one who treats of arts, or of the terms of arts.

Tech*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; an art + - logy; cf. Gr. &?; systematic treatment: cf. F. technologie.] Industrial science; the science of systematic knowledge of the industrial arts, especially of the more important manufactures, as spinning, weaving, metallurgy, etc.

&fist; Technology is not an independent science, having a set of doctrines of its own, but consists of applications of the principles established in the various physical sciences (chemistry, mechanics, mineralogy, etc.) to manufacturing processes. Internat. Cyc.

Tech"y (?), a. [From OE. tecche, tache, a habit, bad habit, vice, OF. tache, teche, a spot, stain, blemish, habit, vice, F. tache a spot, blemish; probably akin to E. tack a small nail. See Tack a small nail, and cf. Touchy.] Peevish; fretful; irritable.

Tec`ti*branch (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Tectibranchiata. Also used adjectively.

||Tec`ti*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] Same as Tectibranchiata.

||Tec`ti*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tectus (p. p. of tegere to cover) + Gr. &?; a gill.] (Zoöl.) An order, or suborder, of gastropod Mollusca in which the gills are usually situated on one side of the back, and protected by a fold of the mantle. When there is a shell, it is usually thin and delicate and often rudimentary. The aplysias and the bubble shells are examples.

Tec`ti*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. tectus (p. p. of tegere to cover) + E. branchiate.] (Zoöl.) Having the gills covered by the mantle; of or pertaining to the Tectibranchiata. -- n. A tectibranchiate mollusk.

Tect"ly (?), adv. [L. tectus covered, fr. tegere to cover.] Covertly; privately; secretly. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Tec*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a carpenter + -logy.] (Biol.) A division of morphology created by Haeckel; the science of organic individuality constituting the purely structural portion of morphology, in which the organism is regarded as composed of organic individuals of different orders, each organ being considered an individual. See Promorphology, and Morphon.

Tec*ton"ic (?), a. [L. tectonicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, a carpenter, builder.] Of or pertaining to building or construction; architectural.

Tec*ton"ics (?), n. The science, or the art, by which implements, vessels, dwellings, or other edifices, are constructed, both agreeably to the end for which they are designed, and in conformity with artistic sentiments and ideas.

Tec*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. tectorius.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to covering; -- applied to a membrane immediately over the organ of Corti in the internal ear.

||Tec"tri*ces (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tegere, tectum, to cover.] (Zoöl.) The wing coverts of a bird. See Covert, and Illust. of Bird.

Te"cum (?), n. (Bot.) See Tucum.

Ted (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tedded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tedding.] [Prob. fr. Icel. te&?;ja to spread manure, fr. ta&?; manure; akin to MHG. zetten to scatter, spread. √58. Cf. Teathe.] To spread, or turn from the swath, and scatter for drying, as new-mowed grass; -- chiefly used in the past participle.

The smell of grain or tedded grass.
Milton.

The tedded hay and corn sheaved in one field.
Coleridge.

Ted"der (?), n. A machine for stirring and spreading hay, to expedite its drying.

Ted"der, n. [OE. √64. See Tether.] Same as Tether.

Ted"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teddered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teddering.] Same as Tether.

||Te` De"um (?). [L., from te (accus. of tu thou) + Deum, accus. of Deus God. See Thou, and Deity.] 1. An ancient and celebrated Christian hymn, of uncertain authorship, but often ascribed to St. Ambrose; -- so called from the first words "Te Deum laudamus." It forms part of the daily matins of the Roman Catholic breviary, and is sung on all occasions of thanksgiving. In its English form, commencing with words, "We praise thee, O God," it forms a part of the regular morning service of the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church in America.

2. A religious service in which the singing of the hymn forms a principal part.

Tedge (?), n. (Founding) The gate of a mold, through which the melted metal is poured; runner, geat.

Te`di*os"i*ty (?), n. Tediousness. [Obs.]

Te"di*ous (?), a. [L. taediosus, fr. taedium. See Tedium.] Involving tedium; tiresome from continuance, prolixity, slowness, or the like; wearisome. -- Te"di*ous*ly, adv. -- Te"di*ous*ness, n.

I see a man's life is a tedious one.
Shak.

I would not be tedious to the court.
Bunyan.

Syn. -- Wearisome; fatiguing. See Irksome.

Te"di*um (?), n. [L. taedium, fr. taedet it disgusts, it wearies one.] Irksomeness; wearisomeness; tediousness. [Written also tædium.] Cowper.

To relieve the tedium, he kept plying them with all manner of bams.
Prof. Wilson.

The tedium of his office reminded him more strongly of the willing scholar, and his thoughts were rambling.
Dickens.

Tee (?), n. [Cf. Icel. tjā to show, mark.] (a) The mark aimed at in curling and in quoits. (b) The nodule of earth from which the ball is struck in golf.

Tee, n. A short piece of pipe having a lateral outlet, used to connect a line of pipe with a pipe at a right angle with the line; -- so called because it resembles the letter T in shape.

Tee" i`ron (?). See T iron, under T.

Teek (?), n. (Bot.) See Teak. [Obs.]

Teel (?), n. Sesame. [Sometimes written til.]

Teel oil, sesame oil.

Teel"seed` (?), n. The seed of sesame.

Teem (?), v. t. [Icel. tæma to empty, from tōmr empty; akin to Dan. tömme to empty, Sw. tömma. See Toom to empty.] 1. To pour; -- commonly followed by out; as, to teem out ale. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Swift.

2. (Steel Manuf.) To pour, as steel, from a melting pot; to fill, as a mold, with molten metal.

Teem, v. t. [See Tame, a., and cf. Beteem.] To think fit. [Obs. or R.] G. Gifford.

Teem, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Teemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teeming.] [OE. temen, AS. tēman, t&?;man, from teám. See Team.] 1. To bring forth young, as an animal; to produce fruit, as a plant; to bear; to be pregnant; to conceive; to multiply.

If she must teem,
Create her child of spleen.
Shak.

2. To be full, or ready to bring forth; to be stocked to overflowing; to be prolific; to abound.

His mind teeming with schemes of future deceit to cover former villainy.
Sir W. Scott.

The young, brimful of the hopes and feeling which teem in our time.
F. Harrison.

Teem, v. t. To produce; to bring forth. [R.]

That [grief] of an hour's age doth hiss the speaker;
Each minute teems a new one.
Shak.

Teem"er (?), n. One who teems, or brings forth.

Teem"ful (?), a. 1. Pregnant; prolific. [Obs.]

2. Brimful. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Teem"ing, a. Prolific; productive.

Teeming buds and cheerful appear.
Dryden.

Teem"less, a. Not fruitful or prolific; barren; as, a teemless earth. [Poetic] Dryden.

Teen (?), n. [OE. tene, AS. teóna reproach, wrong, fr. teón to accuse; akin to G. zeihen, Goth. gateihan to tell, announce, L. dicere to say. See Token.] Grief; sorrow; affiction; pain. [Archaic] Chaucer. Spenser.

With public toil and private teen
Thou sank'st alone.
M. Arnold.

Teen, v. t. [AS. teónian, t&?;nan, to slander, vex. √64. See Teen, n.] To excite; to provoke; to vex; to affict; to injure. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Teen, v. t. [See Tine to shut.] To hedge or fence in; to inclose. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Teen"age (?), n. The longer wood for making or mending fences. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Teend (?), v. t. & i. [See Tinder.] To kindle; to burn. [Obs.] Herrick.

Teen"ful (?), a. Full of teen; harmful; grievous; grieving; afflicted. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Teens (?), n. pl. [See Ten.] The years of one's age having the termination -teen, beginning with thirteen and ending with nineteen; as, a girl in her teens.

Tee"ny (?), a. Very small; tiny. [Colloq.]

Teen"y (?), a. [See Teen grief.] Fretful; peevish; pettish; cross. [Prov. Eng.]

Tee*ong" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The mino bird.

Teest (?), n. A tinsmith's stake, or small anvil.

Tee"tan (?), n. (Zoöl.) A pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

Tee"tee (?), n. [Sp. tití.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small, soft-furred South American monkeys belonging to Callithrix, Chrysothrix, and allied genera; as, the collared teetee (Callithrix torquatus), and the squirrel teetee (Chrysothrix sciurea). Called also pinche, titi, and saimiri. See Squirrel monkey, under Squirrel.

2. (Zoöl.) A diving petrel of Australia (Halodroma wrinatrix).

Tee"ter (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Teetered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teetering.] [Prov. E. titter to tremble, to seesaw; cf. Icel. titra to tremble, OHG. zittarōn, G. zittern.] To move up and down on the ends of a balanced plank, or the like, as children do for sport; to seesaw; to titter; to titter-totter. [U. S.]

[The bobolink] alit upon the flower, and teetered up and down.
H. W. Beecher.

Tee"ter-tail` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The spotted sandpiper. See the Note under Sandpiper.

Teeth (?), n., pl. of Tooth.

Teeth (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Teethed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teething.] To breed, or grow, teeth.

Teeth"ing (?), n. The process of the first growth of teeth, or the phenomena attending their issue through the gums; dentition.

Tee*to"tal (?), a. Entire; total. [Colloq.]

Tee*to"tal*er (?), n. One pledged to entire abstinence from all intoxicating drinks.

Tee*to"tal*ism (?), n. The principle or practice of entire abstinence, esp. from intoxicating drinks.

Tee*to"tal*ly (?), adv. Entirely; totally. [Colloq.]

Tee*to"tum (?), n. [For T-totum. It was used for playing games of chance, and was four-sided, one side having the letter T on it, standing for Latin totum all, meaning, take all that is staked, whence the name. The other three sides each had a letter indicating an English or Latin word; as P meaning put down, N nothing or L. nil, H half. See Total.] A child's toy, somewhat resembling a top, and twirled by the fingers.

The staggerings of the gentleman . . . were like those of a teetotum nearly spent.
Dickens.

Tee"tuck (?), n. The rock pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

Tee"uck (?), n. The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

Tee"wit (?), n. (Zoöl.) The pewit. [Prov. Eng.]

Teg (?), n. A sheep in its second year; also, a doe in its second year. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

||Teg"men (?), n.; pl. Tegmina (#). [L., fr. tegere, tectum, to cover.] 1. A tegument or covering.

2. (Bot.) The inner layer of the coating of a seed, usually thin and delicate; the endopleura.

3. (Zoöl.) One of the elytra of an insect, especially of certain Orthoptera.

4. pl. (Zoöl.) Same as Tectrices.

Teg*men"tal (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to a tegument or tegmentum; as, the tegmental layer of the epiblast; the tegmental cells of the taste buds.

||Teg*men"tum (?), n.; pl. Tegmenta (#). [L., a covering.] (Anat.) A covering; -- applied especially to the bundles of longitudinal fibers in the upper part of the crura of the cerebrum.

Te*guex"in (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large South American lizard (Tejus teguexin). It becomes three or four feet long, and is blackish above, marked with yellowish spots of various sizes. It feeds upon fruits, insects, reptiles, young birds, and birds' eggs. The closely allied species Tejus rufescens is called red teguexin.

||Teg"u*la (?), n.; pl. Tegulæ (#). [L., a tile, dim. fr. tegere to cover.] (Zoöl.) A small appendage situated above the base of the wings of Hymenoptera and attached to the mesonotum.

Teg"u*lar (?), a. [LL. tegularis, from L. tegula a tile. See Tile.] Of or pertaining to a tile; resembling a tile, or arranged like tiles; consisting of tiles; as, a tegular pavement. -- Teg"u*lar*ly, adv.

Teg`u*la"ted (?), a. Composed of small plates, as of horn or metal, overlapping like tiles; -- said of a kind of ancient armor. Fairholt.

Teg"u*ment (?), n. [L. tegumentum, from tegere to cover. See Thatch, n., and cf. Detect, Protect.] 1. A cover or covering; an integument.

2. Especially, the covering of a living body, or of some part or organ of such a body; skin; hide.

Teg`u*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. tégumentaire.] Of or pertaining to a tegument or teguments; consisting of teguments; serving as a tegument or covering.

Te-hee" (?), n. & interj. A tittering laugh; a titter. "'Te-hee,' quoth she." Chaucer.

Te-hee", v. i. To titter; to laugh derisively.

She cried, "Come, come; you must not look grave upon me." Upon this, I te-heed.
Madame D'Arblay.

Teil (?), n. [OF. teil, til, L. tilia.] (Bot.) The lime tree, or linden; -- called also teil tree.

Teind (?), n. [Cf. Icel. tīund. See Tithe.] A tithe. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Teine (?), n. See Teyne. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tein"land (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) Land granted by the crown to a thane or lord. Burrill.

Tei"no*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; to extend + -scope.] (Physics) An instrument formed by combining prisms so as to correct the chromatic aberration of the light while linear dimensions of objects seen through the prisms are increased or diminished; -- called also prism telescope. Sir D. Brewster.

Teint (?), n. [F. teint, teinte. See Tint.] Tint; color; tinge, See Tint. [Obs.]

Time shall . . . embrown the teint.
Dryden.

Tein"ture (?), n. [F. See Tincture.] Color; tinge; tincture. [Obs.] Holland.

Tek (?), n. (Zoöl.) A Siberian ibex.

||Tel`a*mo"nes (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of telamo or telamon, Gr. &?; a bearer, fr. &?; to bear.] (Arch.) Same as Atlantes.

||Tel*an`gi*ec"ta*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; end + &?; vessel + &?; extension.] (Med.) Dilatation of the capillary vessels.

Tel*an`gi*ec"ta*sy (?), n. (Med.) Telangiectasis.

Te"lar*ly (?), adv. In a weblike manner. [Obs.] "Telarly interwoven." Sir T. Browne.

Te"la*ry (?), a. [LL. telaris, fr. L. tela a web. See Toil a snare.] Of or pertaining to a web; hence, spinning webs; retiary. "Pictures of telary spiders." Sir T. Browne.

Tel"e*du (?), n. (Zoöl.) An East Indian carnivore (Mydaus meliceps) allied to the badger, and noted for the very offensive odor that it emits, somewhat resembling that of a skunk. It is a native of the high mountains of Java and Sumatra, and has long, silky fur. Called also stinking badger, and stinkard.

Tel"e*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?; far + - gram.] A message sent by telegraph; a telegraphic dispatch.

&fist; "A friend desires us to give notice that he will ask leave, at some convenient time, to introduce a new word into the vocabulary. It is telegram, instead of telegraphic dispatch, or telegraphic communication." Albany [N. Y.] Evening Journal (April 6, 1852).

Tel`e*gram*mic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a telegram; laconic; concise; brief. [R.]

Tel"e*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; far, far off (cf. Lith. toli) + -graph: cf. F. télégraphe. See Graphic.] An apparatus, or a process, for communicating intelligence rapidly between distant points, especially by means of preconcerted visible or audible signals representing words or ideas, or by means of words and signs, transmitted by electrical action.

&fist; The instruments used are classed as indicator, type- printing, symbol-printing, or chemical-printing telegraphs, according as the intelligence is given by the movements of a pointer or indicator, as in Cooke & Wheatstone's (the form commonly used in England), or by impressing, on a fillet of paper, letters from types, as in House's and Hughe's, or dots and marks from a sharp point moved by a magnet, as in Morse's, or symbols produced by electro-chemical action, as in Bain's. In the offices in the United States the recording instrument is now little used, the receiving operator reading by ear the combinations of long and short intervals of sound produced by the armature of an electro- magnet as it is put in motion by the opening and breaking of the circuit, which motion, in registering instruments, traces upon a ribbon of paper the lines and dots used to represent the letters of the alphabet. See Illustration in Appendix.

Acoustic telegraph. See under Acoustic. -- Dial telegraph, a telegraph in which letters of the alphabet and numbers or other symbols are placed upon the border of a circular dial plate at each station, the apparatus being so arranged that the needle or index of the dial at the receiving station accurately copies the movements of that at the sending station. -- Electric telegraph, or Electro- magnetic telegraph, a telegraph in which an operator at one station causes words or signs to be made at another by means of a current of electricity, generated by a battery and transmitted over an intervening wire. -- Facsimile telegraph. See under Facsimile. -- Indicator telegraph. See under Indicator. -- Pan-telegraph, an electric telegraph by means of which a drawing or writing, as an autographic message, may be exactly reproduced at a distant station. - - Printing telegraph, an electric telegraph which automatically prints the message as it is received at a distant station, in letters, not signs. -- Signal telegraph, a telegraph in which preconcerted signals, made by a machine, or otherwise, at one station, are seen or heard and interpreted at another; a semaphore. -- Submarine telegraph cable, a telegraph cable laid under water to connect stations separated by a body of water. -- Telegraph cable, a telegraphic cable consisting of several conducting wires, inclosed by an insulating and protecting material, so as to bring the wires into compact compass for use on poles, or to form a strong cable impervious to water, to be laid under ground, as in a town or city, or under water, as in the ocean. -- Telegraph plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Desmodium gyrans) native of the East Indies. The leaflets move up and down like the signals of a semaphore.

Tel"e*graph (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Telegraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Telegraphing (?).] [F. télégraphier.] To convey or announce by telegraph.

Te*leg"ra*pher (?), n. One who sends telegraphic messages; a telegraphic operator; a telegraphist.

Tel`e*graph"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. télégraphique.] Of or pertaining to the telegraph; made or communicated by a telegraph; as, telegraphic signals; telegraphic art; telegraphic intelligence.

Tel`e*graph"ic*al (?), a. Telegraphic. -- Tel`e*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Te*leg"ra*phist (?), n. One skilled in telegraphy; a telegrapher.

Te*leg"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. télégraphie.] The science or art of constructing, or of communicating by means of, telegraphs; as, submarine telegraphy.

Te*lem"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; far + - meter.] An instrument used for measuring the distance of an object from an observer; as, a telescope with a micrometer for measuring the apparent diameter of an object whose real dimensions are known.

||Te`le*o*ceph"i*al (tē`l&esl;*&osl;*s&ebreve;f"&adot;*lī or t&ebreve;`l&esl;-), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. te`leos complete + kefalh` head.] (Zoöl.) An extensive order of bony fishes including most of the common market species, as bass, salmon, cod, perch, etc.

Te`le*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. téléologique.] (Biol.) Of or pertaining to teleology, or the doctrine of design. -- Te`le*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Te`le*ol"o*gist (?), n. (Biol.) One versed in teleology.

Te`le*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, teleos, the end or issue + -logy: cf. F. téléologie.] The doctrine of the final causes of things; specif. (Biol.), the doctrine of design, which assumes that the phenomena of organic life, particularly those of evolution, are explicable only by purposive causes, and that they in no way admit of a mechanical explanation or one based entirely on biological science; the doctrine of adaptation to purpose.

Te"le*o*phore` (?), n. [Gr. teleos complete + &?; to bear.] (Zoöl.) Same as Gonotheca.

Te`le*or*gan"ic (?), a. [Gr. teleos complete + E. organic.] (Physiol.) Vital; as, teleorganic functions.

Te`le*o*saur" (?), n. (Paleon.) Any one of several species of fossil suarians belonging to Teleosaurus and allied genera. These reptiles are related to the crocodiles, but have biconcave vertebræ.

||Te`le*o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; complete, perfect + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct crocodilian reptiles of the Jurassic period, having a long and slender snout.

Te"le*ost (?), n. [Gr. &?; complete + &?; bone.] (Zoöl.) One of the Teleosti. Also used adjectively.

Te`le*os"te*an (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the teleosts. -- n. A teleostean fish.

||Te`le*os"te*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; complete + &?; bone.] (Zoöl.) A subclass of fishes including all the ordinary bony fishes as distinguished from the ganoids.

||Te"le*os`to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; complete + &?; mouth.] (Zoöl.) An extensive division of fishes including the ordinary fishes (Teleostei) and the ganoids.

Te`le*o*zo"ic (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having tissued composed of cells.

Te*le*o*zo"ön (?), n. (Zoöl.) A metazoan.

Te*lep"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?; far off + &?;, &?;, to suffer.] The sympathetic affection of one mind by the thoughts, feelings, or emotions of another at a distance, without communication through the ordinary channels of sensation. -- Tel`e*path"ic, a. -- Te*lep"a*thist, n.

Tel"e*pheme (?), n. [Gr. &?; afar + &?; a saying.] A message by a telephone. [Recent]

Tel"e*phone (?), n. [Gr. &?; far off + &?; sound.] (Physics) An instrument for reproducing sounds, especially articulate speech, at a distance.

&fist; The ordinary telephone consists essentially of a device by which currents of electricity, produced by sounds through the agency of certain mechanical devices and exactly corresponding in duration and intensity to the vibrations of the air which attend them, are transmitted to a distant station, and there, acting on suitable mechanism, reproduce similar sounds by repeating the vibrations. The necessary variations in the electrical currents are usually produced by means of a microphone attached to a thin diaphragm upon which the voice acts, and are intensified by means of an induction coil. In the magnetic telephone, or magneto- telephone, the diaphragm is of soft iron placed close to the pole of a magnet upon which is wound a coil of fine wire, and its vibrations produce corresponding vibrable currents in the wire by induction. The mechanical, or string, telephone is a device in which the voice or sound causes vibrations in a thin diaphragm, which are directly transmitted along a wire or string connecting it to a similar diaphragm at the remote station, thus reproducing the sound. It does not employ electricity.

Tel"e*phone, v. t. To convey or announce by telephone.

Tel`e*phon"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. téléphonique. See Telephone.] 1. Conveying sound to a great distance.

2. Of or pertaining to the telephone; by the telephone.

Tel`e*phon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. By telephonic means or processes; by the use of the telephone.

Te*leph"o*ny (?), n. The art or process of reproducing sounds at a distance, as with the telephone.

Tel`e*po*lar"i*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; far off + E. polariscope.] (Opt.) A polariscope arranged to be attached to a telescope. Lockyer.

Tel`e*ryth"in (?), n. [Gr. &?; end + E. erythrin.] (Chem.) A red crystalline compound related to, or produced from, erythrin. So called because regarded as the end of the series of erythrin compounds.

Tel"e*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; viewing afar, farseeing; &?; far, far off + &?; a watcher, akin to &?; to view: cf. F. télescope. See Telegraph, and -scope.] An optical instrument used in viewing distant objects, as the heavenly bodies.

&fist; A telescope assists the eye chiefly in two ways; first, by enlarging the visual angle under which a distant object is seen, and thus magnifying that object; and, secondly, by collecting, and conveying to the eye, a larger beam of light than would enter the naked organ, thus rendering objects distinct and visible which would otherwise be indistinct and or invisible. Its essential parts are the object glass, or concave mirror, which collects the beam of light, and forms an image of the object, and the eyeglass, which is a microscope, by which the image is magnified.

Achromatic telescope. See under Achromatic. -- Aplanatic telescope, a telescope having an aplanatic eyepiece. -- Astronomical telescope, a telescope which has a simple eyepiece so constructed or used as not to reverse the image formed by the object glass, and consequently exhibits objects inverted, which is not a hindrance in astronomical observations. -- Cassegrainian telescope, a reflecting telescope invented by Cassegrain, which differs from the Gregorian only in having the secondary speculum convex instead of concave, and placed nearer the large speculum. The Cassegrainian represents objects inverted; the Gregorian, in their natural position. The Melbourne telescope (see Illust. under Reflecting telescope, below) is a Cassegrainian telescope. -- Dialytic telescope. See under Dialytic. - - Equatorial telescope. See the Note under Equatorial. -- Galilean telescope, a refracting telescope in which the eyeglass is a concave instead of a convex lens, as in the common opera glass. This was the construction originally adopted by Galileo, the inventor of the instrument. It exhibits the objects erect, that is, in their natural positions. -- Gregorian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under Gregorian. -- Herschelian telescope, a reflecting telescope of the form invented by Sir William Herschel, in which only one speculum is employed, by means of which an image of the object is formed near one side of the open end of the tube, and to this the eyeglass is applied directly. -- Newtonian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under Newtonian. -- Photographic telescope, a telescope specially constructed to make photographs of the heavenly bodies. -- Prism telescope. See Teinoscope. -- Reflecting telescope, a telescope in which the image is formed by a speculum or mirror (or usually by two speculums, a large one at the lower end of the telescope, and the smaller one near the open end) instead of an object glass. See Gregorian, Cassegrainian, Herschelian, ∧ Newtonian, telescopes, above. -- Refracting telescope, a telescope in which the image is formed by refraction through an object glass. -- Telescope carp (Zoöl.), the telescope fish. -- Telescope fish (Zoöl.), a monstrous variety of the goldfish having very protuberant eyes. -- Telescope fly (Zoöl.), any two-winged fly of the genus Diopsis, native of Africa and Asia. The telescope flies are remarkable for having the eyes raised on very long stalks. -- Telescope shell (Zoöl.), an elongated gastropod (Cerithium telescopium) having numerous flattened whorls. -- Telescope sight (Firearms), a slender telescope attached to the barrel, having cross wires in the eyepiece and used as a sight. -- Terrestrial telescope, a telescope whose eyepiece has one or two lenses more than the astronomical, for the purpose of inverting the image, and exhibiting objects erect.

Tel"e*scope (?), a. [imp. & p. p. Telescoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Telescoping (?).] To slide or pass one within another, after the manner of the sections of a small telescope or spyglass; to come into collision, as railway cars, in such a manner that one runs into another. [Recent]

Tel"e*scope, v. t. To cause to come into collision, so as to telescope. [Recent]

{ Tel`e*scop"ic (?), Tel`e*scop"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. télescopique.] 1. Of or pertaining to a telescope; performed by a telescope.

2. Seen or discoverable only by a telescope; as, telescopic stars.

3. Able to discern objects at a distance; farseeing; far-reaching; as, a telescopic eye; telescopic vision.

4. Having the power of extension by joints sliding one within another, like the tube of a small telescope or a spyglass; especially (Mach.), constructed of concentric tubes, either stationary, as in the telescopic boiler, or movable, as in the telescopic chimney of a war vessel, which may be put out of sight by being lowered endwise.

Tel`e*scop"ic*al*ly, adv. In a telescopical manner; by or with the telescope.

Te*les"co*pist (?), n. One who uses a telescope. R. A. Proctor.

Te*les"co*py (?), n. The art or practice of using or making telescopes.

Tel"esm (?), n. [Ar. tilism. See Talisman.] A kind of amulet or magical charm. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

{ Tel`es*mat"ic (?), Tel`es*mat"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to telesms; magical. J. Gregory.

Tel`e*spec"tro*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; far off + E. spectroscope.] (Astron.) A spectroscope arranged to be attached to a telescope for observation of distant objects, as the sun or stars. Lockyer.

Tel`e*ste"re*o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; far off + E. stereoscope.] (Opt.) A stereoscope adapted to view distant natural objects or landscapes; a telescopic stereoscope.

Te*les"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; fit for finishing, from &?; to finish.] Tending or relating to a purpose or an end. [R.] Cudworth.

Te*les"tich (?), n. [Gr. &?; the end + &?; a line, verse.] A poem in which the final letters of the lines, taken consequently, make a name. Cf. Acrostic.

Tel`e*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; far off + E. thermometer.] (Physics) An apparatus for determining the temperature of a distant point, as by a thermoelectric circuit or otherwise.

Te*leu"to*spore (?), n. [Gr. &?; completion + E. spore.] (Bot.) The thick-celled winter or resting spore of the rusts (order Uredinales), produced in late summer. See Illust. of Uredospore.

Tel"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, from &?; the end.] (Gram.) Denoting the final end or purpose, as distinguished from ecbatic. See Ecbatic. Gibbs.

Tell (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Told (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Telling.] [AS. tellan, from talu tale, number, speech; akin to D. tellen to count, G. zählen, OHG. zellen to count, tell, say, Icel. telja, Dan. tale to speak, tælle to count. See Tale that which is told.] 1. To mention one by one, or piece by piece; to recount; to enumerate; to reckon; to number; to count; as, to tell money. "An heap of coin he told." Spenser.

He telleth the number of the stars.
Ps. cxlvii. 4.

Tell the joints of the body.
Jer. Taylor.

2. To utter or recite in detail; to give an account of; to narrate.

Of which I shall tell all the array.
Chaucer.

And not a man appears to tell their fate.
Pope.

3. To make known; to publish; to disclose; to divulge.

Why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife?
Gen. xii. 18.

4. To give instruction to; to make report to; to acquaint; to teach; to inform.

A secret pilgrimage,
That you to-day promised to tell me of?
Shak.

5. To order; to request; to command.

He told her not to be frightened.
Dickens.

6. To discern so as to report; to ascertain by observing; to find out; to discover; as, I can not tell where one color ends and the other begins.

7. To make account of; to regard; to reckon; to value; to estimate. [Obs.]

I ne told no dainity of her love.
Chaucer.

&fist; Tell, though equivalent in some respect to speak and say, has not always the same application. We say, to tell truth or falsehood, to tell a number, to tell the reasons, to tell something or nothing; but we never say, to tell a speech, discourse, or oration, or to tell an argument or a lesson. It is much used in commands; as, tell me the whole story; tell me all you know.

To tell off, to count; to divide. Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- To communicate; impart; reveal; disclose; inform; acquaint; report; repeat; rehearse; recite.

Tell, v. i. 1. To give an account; to make report.

That I may publish with the voice of thankgiving, and tell of all thy wondrous works.
Ps. xxvi. 7.

2. To take effect; to produce a marked effect; as, every shot tells; every expression tells.

To tell of. (a) To speak of; to mention; to narrate or describe. (b) To inform against; to disclose some fault of. -- To tell on, to inform against. [Archaic & Colloq.]

Lest they should tell on us, saying, So did David.
1 Sam. xxvii. 11.

Tell, n. That which is told; tale; account. [R.]

I am at the end of my tell.
Walpole.

Tell, n. [Ar.] A hill or mound. W. M. Thomson.

Tell"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being told.

Tel"len (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Tellina.

Tell"er (?), n. 1. One who tells, relates, or communicates; an informer, narrator, or describer.

2. One of four officers of the English Exchequer, formerly appointed to receive moneys due to the king and to pay moneys payable by the king. Cowell.

3. An officer of a bank who receives and counts over money paid in, and pays money out on checks.

4. One who is appointed to count the votes given in a legislative body, public meeting, assembly, etc.

Tell"er*ship, n. The office or employment of a teller.

||Tel*li"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of shellfish.] (Zoöl.) A genus of marine bivalve mollusks having thin, delicate, and often handsomely colored shells.

Tell"ing (?), a. Operating with great effect; effective; as, a telling speech. -- Tell"ing*ly, adv.

Tell"tale` (?), a. Telling tales; babbling. "The telltale heart." Poe.

Tell"tale`, n. 1. One who officiously communicates information of the private concerns of others; one who tells that which prudence should suppress.

2. (Mus.) A movable piece of ivory, lead, or other material, connected with the bellows of an organ, that gives notice, by its position, when the wind is exhausted.

3. (Naut.) (a) A mechanical attachment to the steering wheel, which, in the absence of a tiller, shows the position of the helm. (b) A compass in the cabin of a vessel, usually placed where the captain can see it at all hours, and thus inform himself of the vessel's course.

4. (Mach.) A machine or contrivance for indicating or recording something, particularly for keeping a check upon employees, as factory hands, watchmen, drivers, check takers, and the like, by revealing to their employers what they have done or omitted.

5. (Zoöl.) The tattler. See Tattler.

Tel*lu"ral (?), a. [L. tellus, - uris, the earth.] Of or pertaining to the earth. [R.]

Tel"lu*rate (?), n. [Cf. F. tellurate. See Tellurium.] (Chem.) A salt of telluric acid.

Tel"lu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A telluride. [Obsoles.]

Tel"lu*ret`ed (?), n. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with tellurium; tellurized. [Written also telluretted.] [Obsoles.]

Tellureted hydrogen (Chem.), hydrogen telluride, H2Te, a gaseous substance analogous to hydrogen sulphide; -- called also tellurhydric acid.

Tel`lur*hy"dric (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen telluride, which is regarded as an acid, especially when in solution.

Tel*lu"ri*an (?), a. [L. tellus, - uris, the earth.] Of or pertaining to the earth. De Quincey.

Tel*lu"ri*an, n. 1. A dweller on the earth. De Quincey.

2. An instrument for showing the operation of the causes which produce the succession of day and night, and the changes of the seasons. [Written also tellurion.]

Tel*lu"ric (?), a. [L. tellus, - uris, the earth: cf. F. tellurique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the earth; proceeding from the earth.

Amid these hot, telluric flames.
Carlyle.

2. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tellurium; derived from, or resembling, tellurium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with tellurous compounds; as, telluric acid, which is analogous to sulphuric acid.

Telluric bismuth (Min.), tetradymite. -- Telluric silver (Min.), hessite.

Tel"lu*ride (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of tellurium with a more positive element or radical; -- formerly called telluret.

Tel"lu*rism (?), n. An hypothesis of animal magnetism propounded by Dr. Keiser, in Germany, in which the phenomena are ascribed to the agency of a telluric spirit or influence. [R.] S. Thompson.

Tel"lu*rite (?), n. 1. (Chem.) A salt of tellurous acid.

2. (Min.) Oxide of tellurium. It occurs sparingly in tufts of white or yellowish crystals.

Tel*lu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., from L. tellus, -uris, the earth.] (Chem.) A rare nonmetallic element, analogous to sulphur and selenium, occasionally found native as a substance of a silver-white metallic luster, but usually combined with metals, as with gold and silver in the mineral sylvanite, with mercury in Coloradoite, etc. Symbol Te. Atomic weight 125.2.

Graphic tellurium. (Min.) See Sylvanite. -- Tellurium glance (Min.), nagyagite; -- called also black tellurium.

Tel"lu*rize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To impregnate with, or to subject to the action of, tellurium; -- chiefly used adjectively in the past participle; as, tellurized ores.

Tel"lu*rous (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tellurium; derived from, or containing, tellurium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with telluric compounds; as, tellurous acid, which is analogous to sulphurous acid.

Tel`o*dy*nam"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; far + E. dynamic.] Relating to a system for transmitting power to a distance by means of swiftly moving ropes or cables driving grooved pulleys of large diameter.

Tel`oo*goo" (?), n. See Telugu. D. O. Allen.

||Te*lot"ro*cha (?), n.; pl. Telotrochæ (#). [NL. See Telotrochal.] (Zoöl.) An annelid larva having telotrochal bands of cilia.

{ Te*lot"ro*chal (?), Te*lot"ro*chous (?), } a. [Gr. &?; complete + &?; wheel, hoop.] (Zoöl.) Having both a preoral and a posterior band of cilla; -- applied to the larvæ of certain annelids.

Tel"o*type (?), n. [Gr. &?; far off + - type.] An electric telegraph which prints the messages in letters and not in signs.

Tel"pher (?), n. [Gr. &?; far, far off + &?; to bear.] (Elec.) A contrivance for the conveyance of vehicles or loads by means of electricity. Fleeming Jenkin.

Telpher line, or Telpher road, an electric line or road over which vehicles for carrying loads are moved by electric engines actuated by a current conveyed by the line.

Tel"pher*age (?), n. The conveyance of vehicles or loads by means of electricity. Fleeming Jenkin.

Tel"son (?), n.; pl. Telsons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a boundary, limit.] (Zoöl.) The terminal joint or movable piece at the end of the abdomen of Crustacea and other articulates. See Thoracostraca.

Tel`u*gu" (?), n. 1. A Darvidian language spoken in the northern parts of the Madras presidency. In extent of use it is the next language after Hindustani (in its various forms) and Bengali. [Spelt also Teloogoo.]

2. One of the people speaking the Telugu language.

Tel`u*gu", a. Of or pertaining to the Telugu language, or the Telugus.

Tem`er*a"ri*ous (?), a. [L. temerarius. See Temerity.] Unreasonably adventurous; despising danger; rash; headstrong; audacious; reckless; heedless. -- Tem`er*a"ri*ous*ly, adv.

I spake against temerarious judgment.
Latimer.

Tem`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. temerare to defile.] Temerity. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Te*mer"i*ty (?), n. [L. temeritas, from temere by chance, rashly; perhaps akin to Skr. tamas darkness: cf. F. témérité.] Unreasonable contempt of danger; extreme venturesomeness; rashness; as, the temerity of a commander in war.

Syn. -- Rashness; precipitancy; heedlessness; venturesomeness. - - Temerity, Rashness. These words are closely allied in sense, but have a slight difference in their use and application. Temerity is Latin, and rashness is Anglo-Saxon. As in many such cases, the Latin term is more select and dignified; the Anglo-Saxon more familiar and energetic. We show temerity in hasty decisions, and the conduct to which they lead. We show rashness in particular actions, as dictated by sudden impulse. It is an exhibition of temerity to approach the verge of a precipice; it is an act of rashness to jump into a river without being able to swim. Temerity, then, is an unreasonable contempt of danger; rashness is a rushing into danger from thoughtlessness or excited feeling.

It is notorious temerity to pass sentence upon grounds uncapable of evidence.
Barrow.

Her rush hand in evil hour
Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat.
Milton.

Tem"er*ous (?), a. Temerarious. [Obs.]

Tem*pe"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Temple, a valley in Thessaly, celebrated by Greek poets on account of its beautiful scenery; resembling Temple; hence, beautiful; delightful; charming.

Tem"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tempered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tempering.] [AS. temprian or OF. temper, F. tempérer, and (in sense 3) temper, L. temperare, akin to tempus time. Cf. Temporal, Distemper, Tamper.] 1. To mingle in due proportion; to prepare by combining; to modify, as by adding some new element; to qualify, as by an ingredient; hence, to soften; to mollify; to assuage; to soothe; to calm.

Puritan austerity was so tempered by Dutch indifference, that mercy itself could not have dictated a milder system.
Bancroft.

Woman! lovely woman! nature made thee
To temper man: we had been brutes without you.
Otway.

But thy fire
Shall be more tempered, and thy hope far higher.
Byron.

She [the Goddess of Justice] threw darkness and clouds about her, that tempered the light into a thousand beautiful shades and colors.
Addison.

2. To fit together; to adjust; to accomodate.

Thy sustenance . . . serving to the appetite of the eater, tempered itself to every man's liking.
Wisdom xvi. 21.

3. (Metal.) To bring to a proper degree of hardness; as, to temper iron or steel.

The tempered metals clash, and yield a silver sound.
Dryden.

4. To govern; to manage. [A Latinism & Obs.]

With which the damned ghosts he governeth,
And furies rules, and Tartare tempereth.
Spenser.

5. To moisten to a proper consistency and stir thoroughly, as clay for making brick, loam for molding, etc.

6. (Mus.) To adjust, as the mathematical scale to the actual scale, or to that in actual use.

Syn. -- To soften; mollify; assuage; soothe; calm.

Tem"per, n. 1. The state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; due mixture of different qualities; just combination; as, the temper of mortar.

2. Constitution of body; temperament; in old writers, the mixture or relative proportion of the four humors, blood, choler, phlegm, and melancholy.

The exquisiteness of his [Christ's] bodily temper increased the exquisiteness of his torment.
Fuller.

3. Disposition of mind; the constitution of the mind, particularly with regard to the passions and affections; as, a calm temper; a hasty temper; a fretful temper.

Remember with what mild
And gracious temper he both heared and judged.
Milton.

The consequents of a certain ethical temper.
J. H. Newman.

4. Calmness of mind; moderation; equanimity; composure; as, to keep one's temper.

To fall with dignity, with temper rise.
Pope.

Restore yourselves to your tempers, fathers.
B. Jonson.

5. Heat of mind or passion; irritation; proneness to anger; -- in a reproachful sense. [Colloq.]

6. The state of a metal or other substance, especially as to its hardness, produced by some process of heating or cooling; as, the temper of iron or steel.

7. Middle state or course; mean; medium. [R.]

The perfect lawgiver is a just temper between the mere man of theory, who can see nothing but general principles, and the mere man of business, who can see nothing but particular circumstances.
Macaulay.

8. (Sugar Works) Milk of lime, or other substance, employed in the process formerly used to clarify sugar.

Temper screw, in deep well boring, an adjusting screw connecting the working beam with the rope carrying the tools, for lowering the tools as the drilling progresses.

Syn. -- Disposition; temperament; frame; humor; mood. See Disposition.

Tem"per, v. i. 1. To accord; to agree; to act and think in conformity. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To have or get a proper or desired state or quality; to grow soft and pliable.

I have him already tempering between my finger and my thumb, and shortly will I seal with him.
Shak.

||Tem"pe*ra (?), n. [It.] (Paint.) A mode or process of painting; distemper.

&fist; The term is applied especially to early Italian painting, common vehicles of which were yolk of egg, yolk and white of egg mixed together, the white juice of the fig tree, and the like.

Tem"per*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tempered.

The fusible, hard, and temperable texture of metals.
Emerson.

Tem"per*a*ment (?), n. [L. temperamentum a mixing in due proportion, proper measure, temperament: cf. F. tempérament. See Temper, v. t.] 1. Internal constitution; state with respect to the relative proportion of different qualities, or constituent parts.

The common law . . . has reduced the kingdom to its just state and temperament.
Sir M. Hale.

2. Due mixture of qualities; a condition brought about by mutual compromises or concessions. [Obs.]

However, I forejudge not any probable expedient, any temperament that can be found in things of this nature, so disputable on their side.
Milton.

3. The act of tempering or modifying; adjustment, as of clashing rules, interests, passions, or the like; also, the means by which such adjustment is effected.

Wholesome temperaments of the rashness of popular assemblies.
Sir J. Mackintosh.

4. Condition with regard to heat or cold; temperature. [Obs.]

Bodies are denominated "hot" and "cold" in proportion to the present temperament of that part of our body to which they are applied.
Locke.

5. (Mus.) A system of compromises in the tuning of organs, pianofortes, and the like, whereby the tones generated with the vibrations of a ground tone are mutually modified and in part canceled, until their number reduced to the actual practicable scale of twelve tones to the octave. This scale, although in so far artificial, is yet closely suggestive of its origin in nature, and this system of tuning, although not mathematically true, yet satisfies the ear, while it has the convenience that the same twelve fixed tones answer for every key or scale, C♯ becoming identical with D♭, and so on.

6. (Physiol.) The peculiar physical and mental character of an individual, in olden times erroneously supposed to be due to individual variation in the relations and proportions of the constituent parts of the body, especially of the fluids, as the bile, blood, lymph, etc. Hence the phrases, bilious or choleric temperament, sanguine temperament, etc., implying a predominance of one of these fluids and a corresponding influence on the temperament.

Equal temperament (Mus.), that in which the variations from mathematically true pitch are distributed among all the keys alike. -- Unequal temperament (Mus.), that in which the variations are thrown into the keys least used.

Tem`per*a*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to temperament; constitutional. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Tem"per*ance (?), n. [L. temperantia: cf. F. tempérance. See Temper, v. t.] 1. Habitual moderation in regard to the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions; restrained or moderate indulgence; moderation; as, temperance in eating and drinking; temperance in the indulgence of joy or mirth; specifically, moderation, and sometimes abstinence, in respect to using intoxicating liquors.

2. Moderation of passion; patience; calmness; sedateness. [R.] "A gentleman of all temperance." Shak.

He calmed his wrath with goodly temperance.
Spenser.

3. State with regard to heat or cold; temperature. [Obs.] "Tender and delicate temperance." Shak.

Temperance society, an association formed for the purpose of diminishing or stopping the use of alcoholic liquors as a beverage.

Tem"per*an*cy (?), n. Temperance.

Tem"per*ate (?), a. [L. temperatus, p. p. of temperare. See Temper, v. t.] 1. Moderate; not excessive; as, temperate heat; a temperate climate.

2. Not marked with passion; not violent; cool; calm; as, temperate language.

She is not hot, but temperate as the morn.
Shak.

That sober freedom out of which there springs
Our loyal passion for our temperate kings.
Tennyson.

3. Moderate in the indulgence of the natural appetites or passions; as, temperate in eating and drinking.

Be sober and temperate, and you will be healthy.
Franklin.

4. Proceeding from temperance. [R.]

The temperate sleeps, and spirits light as air.
Pope.

Temperate zone (Geog.), that part of the earth which lies between either tropic and the corresponding polar circle; -- so called because the heat is less than in the torrid zone, and the cold less than in the frigid zones.

Syn. -- Abstemious; sober; calm; cool; sedate.

Tem"per*ate (?), v. t. To render temperate; to moderate; to soften; to temper. [Obs.]

It inflames temperance, and temperates wrath.
Marston.

Tem"per*ate*ly (?), adv. In a temperate manner.

Tem"per*ate*ness, n. The quality or state of being temperate; moderateness; temperance.

Tem"per*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. L. temperativus soothing.] Having power to temper. [R.] T. Granger.

Tem"per*a*ture (?), n. [F. température, L. temperatura due measure, proportion, temper, temperament.] 1. Constitution; state; degree of any quality.

The best composition and temperature is, to have openness in fame and opinion, secrecy in habit, dissimulation in seasonable use, and a power to feign, if there be no remedy.
Bacon.

Memory depends upon the consistence and the temperature of the brain.
I. Watts.

2. Freedom from passion; moderation. [Obs.]

In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth,
Most goodly temperature you may descry.
Spenser.

3. (Physics) Condition with respect to heat or cold, especially as indicated by the sensation produced, or by the thermometer or pyrometer; degree of heat or cold; as, the temperature of the air; high temperature; low temperature; temperature of freezing or of boiling.

4. Mixture; compound. [Obs.]

Made a temperature of brass and iron together.
Holland.

Absolute temperature. (Physics) See under Absolute. -- Animal temperature (Physiol.), the nearly constant temperature maintained in the bodies of warm-blooded (homoiothermal) animals during life. The ultimate source of the heat is to be found in the potential energy of the food and the oxygen which is absorbed from the air during respiration. See Homoiothermal. -- Temperature sense (Physiol.), the faculty of perceiving cold and warmth, and so of perceiving differences of temperature in external objects. H. N. Martin.

Tem"pered (?), a. Brought to a proper temper; as, tempered steel; having (such) a temper; -- chiefly used in composition; as, a good-tempered or bad-tempered man; a well-tempered sword.

Tem"per*er (?), n. One who, or that which, tempers; specifically, a machine in which lime, cement, stone, etc., are mixed with water.

Tem"per*ing, n. (Metal.) The process of giving the requisite degree of hardness or softness to a substance, as iron and steel; especially, the process of giving to steel the degree of hardness required for various purposes, consisting usually in first plunging the article, when heated to redness, in cold water or other liquid, to give an excess of hardness, and then reheating it gradually until the hardness is reduced or drawn down to the degree required, as indicated by the color produced on a polished portion, or by the burning of oil.

Tempering color, the shade of color that indicates the degree of temper in tempering steel, as pale straw yellow for lancets, razors, and tools for metal; dark straw yellow for penknives, screw taps, etc.; brown yellow for axes, chisels, and plane irons; yellow tinged with purple for table knives and shears; purple for swords and watch springs; blue for springs and saws; and very pale blue tinged with green, too soft for steel instruments.

Tem"pest (?), n. [OF. tempeste, F. tempête, (assumed) LL. tempesta, fr. L. tempestas a portion of time, a season, weather, storm, akin to tempus time. See Temporal of time.] 1. An extensive current of wind, rushing with great velocity and violence, and commonly attended with rain, hail, or snow; a furious storm.

[We] caught in a fiery tempest, shall be hurled,
Each on his rock transfixed.
Milton.

2. Fig.: Any violent tumult or commotion; as, a political tempest; a tempest of war, or of the passions.

3. A fashionable assembly; a drum. See the Note under Drum, n., 4. [Archaic] Smollett.

&fist; Tempest is sometimes used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as, tempest-beaten, tempest-loving, tempest-tossed, tempest-winged, and the like.

Syn. -- Storm; agitation; perturbation. See Storm.

Tem"pest, v. t. [Cf. OF. tempester, F. tempêter to rage.] To disturb as by a tempest. [Obs.]

Part huge of bulk
Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait,
Tempest the ocean.
Milton.

Tem"pest, v. i. To storm. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Tem*pes"tive (?), a. [L. tempestivus.] Seasonable; timely; as, tempestive showers. [Obs.] Heywood. -- Tem*pes"tive*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Tem`pes*tiv"i*ly (?), n. [L. tempestivitas.] The quality, or state, of being tempestive; seasonableness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tem*pes"tu*ous (?), a. [L. tempestuous: cf. OF. tempestueux, F. tempêtueux.] Of or pertaining to a tempest; involving or resembling a tempest; turbulent; violent; stormy; as, tempestuous weather; a tempestuous night; a tempestuous debate. -- Tem*pes"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Tem*pes"tu*ous*ness, n.

They saw the Hebrew leader,
Waiting, and clutching his tempestuous beard.
Longfellow.

Tem"plar (?), n. [OE. templere, F. templier, LL. templarius. See Temple a church.] 1. One of a religious and military order first established at Jerusalem, in the early part of the 12th century, for the protection of pilgrims and of the Holy Sepulcher. These Knights Templars, or Knights of the Temple, were so named because they occupied an apartment of the palace of Bladwin II. in Jerusalem, near the Temple.

&fist; The order was first limited in numbers, and its members were bound by vows of chastity and poverty. After the conquest of Palestine by the Saracens, the Templars spread over Europe, and, by reason of their reputation for valor and piety, they were enriched by numerous donations of money and lands. The extravagances and vices of the later Templars, however, finally led to the suppression of the order by the Council of Vienne in 1312.

2. A student of law, so called from having apartments in the Temple at London, the original buildings having belonged to the Knights Templars. See Inner Temple, and Middle Temple, under Temple. [Eng.]

3. One belonged to a certain order or degree among the Freemasons, called Knights Templars. Also, one of an order among temperance men, styled Good Templars.

Tem"plar, a. Of or pertaining to a temple. [R.]

Solitary, family, and templar devotion.
Coleridge.

Tem"plate (?), n. Same as Templet.

Tem"ple (?), n. [Cf. Templet.] (Weaving) A contrivence used in a loom for keeping the web stretched transversely.

Tem"ple, n. [OF. temple, F. tempe, from L. tempora, tempus; perhaps originally, the right place, the fatal spot, supposed to be the same word as tempus, temporis, the fitting or appointed time. See Temporal of time, and cf. Tempo, Tense, n.] 1. (Anat.) The space, on either side of the head, back of the eye and forehead, above the zygomatic arch and in front of the ear.

2. One of the side bars of a pair of spectacles, jointed to the bows, and passing one on either side of the head to hold the spectacles in place.

Tem"ple, n. [AS. tempel, from L. templum a space marked out, sanctuary, temple; cf. Gr. &?; a piece of land marked off, land dedicated to a god: cf. F. témple, from the Latin. Cf. Contemplate.] 1. A place or edifice dedicated to the worship of some deity; as, the temple of Jupiter at Athens, or of Juggernaut in India. "The temple of mighty Mars." Chaucer.

2. (Jewish Antiq.) The edifice erected at Jerusalem for the worship of Jehovah.

Jesus walked in the temple in Solomon's porch.
John x. 23.

3. Hence, among Christians, an edifice erected as a place of public worship; a church.

Can he whose life is a perpetual insult to the authority of God enter with any pleasure a temple consecrated to devotion and sanctified by prayer?
Buckminster.

4. Fig.: Any place in which the divine presence specially resides. "The temple of his body." John ii. 21.

Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the spirit of God dwelleth in you?
1 Cor. iii. 16.

The groves were God's first temples.
Bryant.

Inner Temple, ∧ Middle Temple, two buildings, or ranges of buildings, occupied by two inns of court in London, on the site of a monastic establishment of the Knights Templars, called the Temple.

Tem"ple (?), v. t. To build a temple for; to appropriate a temple to; as, to temple a god. [R.] Feltham.

Tem"pled (?), a. Supplied with a temple or temples, or with churches; inclosed in a temple.

I love thy rocks and rills,
Thy woods and templed hills.
S. F. Smith.

Tem"plet (?), n. [LL. templatus vaulted, from L. templum a small timber.] [Spelt also template.] 1. A gauge, pattern, or mold, commonly a thin plate or board, used as a guide to the form of the work to be executed; as, a mason's or a wheelwright's templet.

2. (Arch.) A short piece of timber, iron, or stone, placed in a wall under a girder or other beam, to distribute the weight or pressure.

||Tem"po (?), n. [It., fr. L. tempus. See Tense, n.] (Mus.) The rate or degree of movement in time.

||A tempo giusto (j&oomac;s"t&osl;) [It.], in exact time; -- sometimes, directing a return to strict time after a tempo rubato. -- Tempo rubato. See under Rubato.

Tem"po*ral (?), a. [L. temporalis, fr. tempora the temples: cf. F. temporal. See Temple a part of the head.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the temple or temples; as, the temporal bone; a temporal artery.

Temporal bone, a very complex bone situated in the side of the skull of most mammals and containing the organ of hearing. It consists of an expanded squamosal portion above the ear, corresponding to the squamosal and zygoma of the lower vertebrates, and a thickened basal petrosal and mastoid portion, corresponding to the periotic and tympanic bones of the lower vertebrates.

Tem"po*ral (?), a. [L. temporalis, fr. tempus, temporis, time, portion of time, the fitting or appointed time: cf. F. temporel. Cf. Contemporaneous, Extempore, Temper, v. t., Tempest, Temple a part of the head, Tense, n., Thing.] 1. Of or pertaining to time, that is, to the present life, or this world; secular, as distinguished from sacred or eternal.

The things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal.
2 Cor. iv. 18.

Is this an hour for temporal affairs?
Shak.

2. Civil or political, as distinguished from ecclesiastical; as, temporal power; temporal courts.

Lords temporal. See under Lord, n. -- Temporal augment. See the Note under Augment, n.

Syn. -- Transient; fleeting; transitory.

Tem"po*ral, n. Anything temporal or secular; a temporality; -- used chiefly in the plural. Dryden.

He assigns supremacy to the pope in spirituals, and to the emperor or temporals.
Lowell.

Tem`po*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Temporalities (#). [L. temporalitas, in LL., possessions of the church: cf. F. temporalité.] 1. The state or quality of being temporary; -- opposed to perpetuity.

2. The laity; temporality. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

3. That which pertains to temporal welfare; material interests; especially, the revenue of an ecclesiastic proceeding from lands, tenements, or lay fees, tithes, and the like; -- chiefly used in the plural.

Supreme head, . . . under God, of the spirituality and temporality of the same church.
Fuller.

Tem"po*ral*ly (?), adv. In a temporal manner; secularly. [R.] South.

Tem"po*ral*ness, n. Worldliness. [R.] Cotgrave.

Tem"po*ral*ty (?), n. [See Temporality.] 1. The laity; secular people. [Obs.] Abp. Abbot.

2. A secular possession; a temporality.

Tem`po*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [L. temporaneus happening at the right time, fr. tempus, temporis, time.] Temporarity. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Tem"po*ra*ri*ly (?), adv. In a temporary manner; for a time.

Tem"po*ra*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being temporary; -- opposed to perpetuity.

Tem"po*ra*ry (?), a. [L. temporarius, fr. tempus, temporis, time: cf. F. temporaire.] Lasting for a time only; existing or continuing for a limited time; not permanent; as, the patient has obtained temporary relief.

Temporary government of the city.
Motley.

Temporary star. (Astron.) See under Star.

Tem"po*rist (?), n. A temporizer. [Obs.]

Why, turn a temporist, row with the tide.
Marston.

Tem`po*ri*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. temporisation.] The act of temporizing. Johnson.

Tem"po*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Temporized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Temporizing (?).] [F. temporiser. See Temporal of time.] 1. To comply with the time or occasion; to humor, or yield to, the current of opinion or circumstances; also, to trim, as between two parties.

They might their grievance inwardly complain,
But outwardly they needs must temporize.
Daniel.

2. To delay; to procrastinate. [R.] Bacon.

3. To comply; to agree. [Obs.] Shak.

Tem"po*ri`zer (?), n. One who temporizes; one who yields to the time, or complies with the prevailing opinions, fashions, or occasions; a trimmer.

A sort of temporizers, ready to embrace and maintain all that is, or shall be, proposed, in hope of preferment.
Burton.

Tem"po*ri`zing*ly (?), adv. In a temporizing or yielding manner.

Tem"po*ro- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the temple, or temporal bone; as, temporofacial.

Tem`po*ro-au*ric"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple and the ear; as, the temporo- auricular nerve.

Tem`po*ro*fa"cial (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple and the face.

Tem`po*ro*ma"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple and the region of the malar bone; as, the temporomalar nerve.

Tem`po*ro*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple or the temporal bone and the maxilla.

Temps (?), n. [OF. & F., fr. L. tempus. See Temporal of time.] Time. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tempse (?), n. See Temse. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Tempt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tempted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tempting.] [OE. tempten, tenten, from OF. tempter, tenter, F. tenter, fr. L. tentare, temptare, to handle, feel, attack, to try, put to the test, urge, freq. from tendere, tentum, and tensum, to stretch. See Thin, and cf. Attempt, Tend, Taunt, Tent a pavilion, Tent to probe.] 1. To put to trial; to prove; to test; to try.

God did tempt Abraham.
Gen. xxii. 1.

Ye shall not tempt the Lord your God.
Deut. vi. 16.

2. To lead, or endeavor to lead, into evil; to entice to what is wrong; to seduce.

Every man is tempted when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed.
James i. 14.

3. To endeavor to persuade; to induce; to invite; to incite; to provoke; to instigate.

Tempt not the brave and needy to despair.
Dryden.

Nor tempt the wrath of heaven's avenging Sire.
Pope.

4. To endeavor to accomplish or reach; to attempt.

Ere leave be given to tempt the nether skies.
Dryden.

Syn. -- To entice; allure; attract; decoy; seduce.

Tempt`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being temptable; lability to temptation.

Tempt"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tempted; liable to be tempted. Cudworth.

Temp*ta"tion (?), n. [OF. temptation, tentation, F. tentation, L. tentatio.] 1. The act of tempting, or enticing to evil; seduction.

When the devil had ended all the temptation, he departed from him for a season.
Luke iv. 13.

2. The state of being tempted, or enticed to evil.

Lead us not into temptation.
Luke xi. 4.

3. That which tempts; an inducement; an allurement, especially to something evil.

Dare to be great, without a guilty crown;
View it, and lay the bright temptation down.
Dryden.

Temp*ta"tion*less, a. Having no temptation or motive; as, a temptationless sin. [R.] Hammond.

Temp*ta"tious (?), a. Tempting. [Prov. Eng.]

Tempt"er (?), n. One who tempts or entices; especially, Satan, or the Devil, regarded as the great enticer to evil. "Those who are bent to do wickedly will never want tempters to urge them on." Tillotson.

So glozed the Tempter, and his proem tuned.
Milton.

Tempt"ing, a. Adapted to entice or allure; attractive; alluring; seductive; enticing; as, tempting pleasures. -- Tempt"ing*ly, adv. -- Tempt"ing*ness, n.

Tempt"ress (?), n. A woman who entices.

She was my temptress, the foul provoker.
Sir W. Scott.

Temse (?), n. [F. tamis, or D. tems, teems. Cf. Tamine.] A sieve. [Written also tems, and tempse.] [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Temse bread, Temsed bread, Temse loaf, bread made of flour better sifted than common fluor. [Prov. Eng.]

{ Tem"u*lence (?), Tem"u*len*cy (?), } n. [L. temulentia.] Intoxication; inebriation; drunkenness. [R.] "Their temulency." Jer. Taylor.

Tem"u*lent (?), a. [L. temulentus.] Intoxicated; drunken. [R.]

Tem"u*lent*ive (?), a. Somewhat temulent; addicted to drink. [R.] R. Junius.

Ten (?), a. [AS. tēn, tién, t&?;n, tēne; akin to OFries. tian, OS. tehan, D. tien, G. zehn, OHG. zehan, Icel. tīu, Sw. tio, Dan. ti, Goth. taíhun, Lith. deszimt, Russ. desiate, W. deg, Ir. & Gael. deich, L. decem, Gr. &?;, Skr. daçan. √308. Cf. Dean, Decade, Decimal, December, Eighteen, Eighty, Teens, Tithe.] One more than nine; twice five.

With twice ten sail I crossed the Phrygian Sea.
Dryden.

&fist; Ten is often used, indefinitely, for several, many, and other like words.

There 's proud modesty in merit,
Averse from begging, and resolved to pay
Ten times the gift it asks.
Dryden.

Ten (?), n. 1. The number greater by one than nine; the sum of five and five; ten units of objects.

I will not destroy it for ten's sake.
Gen. xviii. 32.

2. A symbol representing ten units, as 10, x, or X.

Ten`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tenable; tenableness.

Ten"a*ble (?), a. [F. tenable, fr. tenir to hold, L. tenere. See Thin, and cf. Continue, Continent, Entertain, Maintain, Tenant, Tent.] Capable of being held, naintained, or defended, as against an assailant or objector, or againts attempts to take or process; as, a tenable fortress, a tenable argument.

If you have hitherto concealed his sight,
Let it be tenable in your silence still.
Shak.

I would be the last man in the world to give up his cause when it was tenable.
Sir W. Scott.

Ten`a*ble*ness, n. Same as Tenability.

Ten"ace (?), n. [F. tenace tenacious, demeurer tenace to hold the best and third best cards and take both tricks, and adversary having to lead. See Tenacious.] (Whist) The holding by the fourth hand of the best and third best cards of a suit led; also, sometimes, the combination of best with third best card of a suit in any hand.

Te*na"cious (?), a. [L. tenax, - acis, from tenere to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Tenace.] 1. Holding fast, or inclined to hold fast; inclined to retain what is in possession; as, men tenacious of their just rights.

2. Apt to retain; retentive; as, a tenacious memory.

3. Having parts apt to adhere to each other; cohesive; tough; as, steel is a tenacious metal; tar is more tenacious than oil. Sir I. Newton.

4. Apt to adhere to another substance; glutinous; viscous; sticking; adhesive. "Female feet, too weak to struggle with tenacious clay." Cowper.

5. Niggardly; closefisted; miserly. Ainsworth.

6. Holding stoutly to one's opinion or purpose; obstinate; stubborn.

-- Te*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Te*na"cious*ness, n.

Te*nac"i*ty (?), n. [L. tenacitas: cf. F. ténacité. See Tenacious.] 1. The quality or state of being tenacious; as, tenacity, or retentiveness, of memory; tenacity, or persistency, of purpose.

2. That quality of bodies which keeps them from parting without considerable force; cohesiveness; the effect of attraction; -- as distinguished from brittleness, fragility, mobility, etc.

3. That quality of bodies which makes them adhere to other bodies; adhesiveness; viscosity. Holland.

4. (Physics) The greatest longitudinal stress a substance can bear without tearing asunder, -- usually expressed with reference to a unit area of the cross section of the substance, as the number of pounds per square inch, or kilograms per square centimeter, necessary to produce rupture.

||Te*nac"u*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Tenacula (#); E. Tenaculums (#). [L., a holder, fr. tenere to hold. Cf. Tenaille.] (Surg.) An instrument consisting of a fine, sharp hook attached to a handle, and used mainly for taking up arteries, and the like.

Ten"a*cy (?), n. [L. tenacia obstinacy. See Tenacious.] Tenaciousness; obstinacy. [Obs.] Barrow.

Te*naille" (?), n. [F., a pair of pincers or tongs, a tenaille, fr. L. tenaculum. See Tenaculum.] (Fort.) An outwork in the main ditch, in front of the curtain, between two bastions. See Illust. of Ravelin.

Te*nail"lon (?), n. [F. See Tenaille.] (Fort.) A work constructed on each side of the ravelins, to increase their strength, procure additional ground beyond the ditch, or cover the shoulders of the bastions.

Ten"an*cy (?), n.; pl. Tenacies (#). [Cf. OF. tenace, LL. tenentia. See Tenant.] (Law) (a) A holding, or a mode of holding, an estate; tenure; the temporary possession of what belongs to another. (b) (O. Eng. Law) A house for habitation, or place to live in, held of another. Blount. Blackstone. Wharton.

Ten"ant (?), n. [F. tenant, p. pr. of tenir to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Lieutenant.] 1. (Law) One who holds or possesses lands, or other real estate, by any kind of right, whether in fee simple, in common, in severalty, for life, for years, or at will; also, one who has the occupation or temporary possession of lands or tenements the title of which is in another; -- correlative to landlord. See Citation from Blackstone, under Tenement, 2. Blount. Wharton.

2. One who has possession of any place; a dweller; an occupant. "Sweet tenants of this grove." Cowper.

The hhappy tenant of your shade.
Cowley.

The sister tenants of the middle deep.
Byron.

Tenant in capite [L. in in + capite, abl. of caput head, chief.], or Tenant in chief, by the laws of England, one who holds immediately of the king. According to the feudal system, all lands in England are considered as held immediately or mediately of the king, who is styled lord paramount. Such tenants, however, are considered as having the fee of the lands and permanent possession. Blackstone. -- Tenant in common. See under Common.

Ten"ant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tenanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tenanting.] To hold, occupy, or possess as a tenant.

Sir Roger's estate is tenanted by persons who have served him or his ancestors.
Addison.

Ten"ant*a*ble (?), a. Fit to be rented; in a condition suitable for a tenant. -- Ten"ant*a*ble*ness, n.

Ten"ant*less, a. Having no tenants; unoccupied; as, a tenantless mansion. Shak.

Ten"ant*ry (?), n. 1. The body of tenants; as, the tenantry of a manor or a kingdom.

2. Tenancy. [Obs.] Ridley.

Ten"ant saw` (?). See Tenon saw, under Tenon.

Tench (?), n. [OF. tenche, F. tanche, L. tinca.] (Zoöl.) A European fresh- water fish (Tinca tinca, or T. vulgaris) allied to the carp. It is noted for its tenacity of life.

Tend (?), v. t. [See Tender to offer.] (O. Eng. Law) To make a tender of; to offer or tender. [Obs.]

Tend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tended; p. pr. & vb. n. Tending.] [Aphetic form of attend. See Attend, Tend to move, and cf. Tender one that tends or attends.] 1. To accompany as an assistant or protector; to care for the wants of; to look after; to watch; to guard; as, shepherds tend their flocks. Shak.

And flaming ministers to watch and tend
Their earthly charge.
Milton.

There 's not a sparrow or a wren,
There 's not a blade of autumn grain,
Which the four seasons do not tend
And tides of life and increase lend.
Emerson.

2. To be attentive to; to note carefully; to attend to.

Being to descend
A ladder much in height, I did not tend
My way well down.
Chapman.

To tend a vessel (Naut.), to manage an anchored vessel when the tide turns, so that in swinging she shall not entangle the cable.

Tend, v. i. 1. To wait, as attendants or servants; to serve; to attend; -- with on or upon.

Was he not companion with the riotous knights
That tend upon my father?
Shak.

2. [F. attendre.] To await; to expect. [Obs.] Shak.

Tend, v. i. [F. tendre, L. tendere, tensum and tentum, to stretch, extend, direct one's course, tend; akin to Gr. &?; to stretch, Skr. tan. See Thin, and cf. Tend to attend, Contend, Intense, Ostensible, Portent, Tempt, Tender to offer, Tense, a.] 1. To move in a certain direction; -- usually with to or towards.

Two gentlemen tending towards that sight.
Sir H. Wotton.

Thus will this latter, as the former world,
Still tend from bad to worse.
Milton.

The clouds above me to the white Alps tend.
Byron.

2. To be directed, as to any end, object, or purpose; to aim; to have or give a leaning; to exert activity or influence; to serve as a means; to contribute; as, our petitions, if granted, might tend to our destruction.

The thoughts of the diligent tend only to plenteousness; but of every one that is hasty only to want.
Prov. xxi. 5.

The laws of our religion tend to the universal happiness of mankind.
Tillotson.

Tend"ance (?), n. [See Tend to attend, and cf. Attendance.] 1. The act of attending or waiting; attendance. [Archaic] Spenser.

The breath
Of her sweet tendance hovering over him.
Tennyson.

2. Persons in attendance; attendants. [Obs.] Shak.

Tend"ence (?), n. Tendency. [Obs.]

Tend"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Tendencies (#). [L. tendents, -entis, p. pr. of tendere: cf. F. tendance. See Tend to move.] Direction or course toward any place, object, effect, or result; drift; causal or efficient influence to bring about an effect or result.

Writings of this kind, if conducted with candor, have a more particular tendency to the good of their country.
Addison.

In every experimental science, there is a tendency toward perfection.
Macaulay.

Syn. -- Disposition; inclination; proneness; drift; scope; aim.

Tend"er (?), n. [From Tend to attend. Cf. Attender.] 1. One who tends; one who takes care of any person or thing; a nurse.

2. (Naut.) A vessel employed to attend other vessels, to supply them with provisions and other stores, to convey intelligence, or the like.

3. A car attached to a locomotive, for carrying a supply of fuel and water.

Ten"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tendering.] [F. tendre to stretch, stretch out, reach, L. tendere. See Tend to move.] 1. (Law) To offer in payment or satisfaction of a demand, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture; as, to tender the amount of rent or debt.

2. To offer in words; to present for acceptance.

You see how all conditions, how all minds, . . . tender down
Their services to Lord Timon.
Shak.

Ten"der, n. 1. (Law) An offer, either of money to pay a debt, or of service to be performed, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture, which would be incurred by nonpayment or nonperformance; as, the tender of rent due, or of the amount of a note, with interest.

&fist; To constitute a legal tender, such money must be offered as the law prescribes. So also the tender must be at the time and place where the rent or debt ought to be paid, and it must be to the full amount due.

2. Any offer or proposal made for acceptance; as, a tender of a loan, of service, or of friendship; a tender of a bid for a contract.

A free, unlimited tender of the gospel.
South.

3. The thing offered; especially, money offered in payment of an obligation. Shak.

Legal tender. See under Legal. -- Tender of issue (Law), a form of words in a pleading, by which a party offers to refer the question raised upon it to the appropriate mode of decision. Burrill.

Ten"der, a. [Compar. Tenderer (?); superl. Tenderest.] [F. tendre, L. tener; probably akin to tenuis thin. See Thin.] 1. Easily impressed, broken, bruised, or injured; not firm or hard; delicate; as, tender plants; tender flesh; tender fruit.

2. Sensible to impression and pain; easily pained.

Our bodies are not naturally more tender than our faces.
L'Estrange.

3. Physically weak; not hardly or able to endure hardship; immature; effeminate.

The tender and delicate woman among you.
Deut. xxviii. 56.

4. Susceptible of the softer passions, as love, compassion, kindness; compassionate; pitiful; anxious for another's good; easily excited to pity, forgiveness, or favor; sympathetic.

The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy.
James v. 11.

I am choleric by my nature, and tender by my temper.
Fuller.

5. Exciting kind concern; dear; precious.

I love Valentine,
Whose life's as tender to me as my soul!
Shak.

6. Careful to save inviolate, or not to injure; -- with of. "Tender of property." Burke.

The civil authority should be tender of the honor of God and religion.
Tillotson.

7. Unwilling to cause pain; gentle; mild.

You, that are thus so tender o'er his follies,
Will never do him good.
Shak.

8. Adapted to excite feeling or sympathy; expressive of the softer passions; pathetic; as, tender expressions; tender expostulations; a tender strain.

9. Apt to give pain; causing grief or pain; delicate; as, a tender subject. "Things that are tender and unpleasing." Bacon.

10. (Naut.) Heeling over too easily when under sail; -- said of a vessel.

&fist; Tender is sometimes used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as, tender-footed, tender-looking, tender-minded, tender-mouthed, and the like.

Syn. -- Delicate; effeminate; soft; sensitive; compassionate; kind; humane; merciful; pitiful.

Ten"der (?), n. [Cf. F. tendre.] Regard; care; kind concern. [Obs.] Shak.

Ten"der, v. t. To have a care of; to be tender toward; hence, to regard; to esteem; to value. [Obs.]

For first, next after life, he tendered her good.
Spenser.

Tender yourself more dearly.
Shak.

To see a prince in want would move a miser's charity. Our western princes tendered his case, which they counted might be their own.
Fuller.

Ten"der*foot` (?), n. A delicate person; one not inured to the hardship and rudeness of pioneer life. [Slang, Western U. S.]

Ten"der-heart`ed (?), a. Having great sensibility; susceptible of impressions or influence; affectionate; pitying; sensitive. -- Ten"der-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- Ten"der-heart`ed*ness, n.

Rehoboam was young and tender-hearted, and could not withstand them.
2 Chron. xiii. 7.

Be ye kind one to another, tender- hearted.
Eph. iv. 32.

Ten"der-heft`ed (?), a. Having great tenderness; easily moved. [Obs.] Shak.

Ten"der*ling (?), n. 1. One made tender by too much kindness; a fondling. [R.] W. Harrison (1586).

2. (Zoöl.) One of the first antlers of a deer.

Ten"der*loin` (?), n. A strip of tender flesh on either side of the vertebral column under the short ribs, in the hind quarter of beef and pork. It consists of the psoas muscles.

Ten"der*ly, adv. In a tender manner; with tenderness; mildly; gently; softly; in a manner not to injure or give pain; with pity or affection; kindly. Chaucer.

Ten"der*ness, n. The quality or state of being tender (in any sense of the adjective).

Syn. -- Benignity; humanity; sensibility; benevolence; kindness; pity; clemency; mildness; mercy.

Ten"di*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. tendineux.] 1. Pertaining to a tendon; of the nature of tendon.

2. Full of tendons; sinewy; as, nervous and tendinous parts of the body.

Tend"ment (?), n. Attendance; care. [Obs.]

Ten"don (?), n. [F., fr. L. tendere to stretch, extend. See Tend to move.] (Anat.) A tough insensible cord, bundle, or band of fibrous connective tissue uniting a muscle with some other part; a sinew.

Tendon reflex (Physiol.), a kind of reflex act in which a muscle is made to contract by a blow upon its tendon. Its absence is generally a sign of disease. See Knee jerk, under Knee.

Ten"don*ous (?), a. Tendinous.

||Ten`do*syn`o*vi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Tendon, and Synovitis.] See Tenosynovitis.

Ten"drac (?), n. [See Tenrec.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small insectivores of the family Centetidæ, belonging to Ericulus, Echinope, and related genera, native of Madagascar. They are more or less spinose and resemble the hedgehog in habits. The rice tendrac (Oryzorictes hora) is very injurious to rice crops. Some of the species are called also tenrec.

Ten"dril (?), n. [Shortened fr. OF. tendrillon, fr. F. tendre tender; hence, properly, the tender branch or spring of a plant: cf. F. tendrille. See Tender, a., and cf. Tendron.] (Bot.) A slender, leafless portion of a plant by which it becomes attached to a supporting body, after which the tendril usually contracts by coiling spirally.

&fist; Tendrils may represent the end of a stem, as in the grapevine; an axillary branch, as in the passion flower; stipules, as in the genus Smilax; or the end of a leaf, as in the pea.

Ten"dril (?), a. Clasping; climbing as a tendril. [R.] Dyer.

{ Ten"driled, Ten"drilled } (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with tendrils, or with such or so many, tendrils. "The thousand tendriled vine." Southey.

Ten"dron (?), n. [F. Cf. Tendril.] A tendril. [Obs.] Holland.

Ten"dry (?), n. A tender; an offer. [Obs.] Heylin.

Tene (?), n. & v. See 1st and 2d Teen. [Obs.]

||Ten"e*bræ (?), n. [L., pl., darkness.] (R. C. Ch.) The matins and lauds for the last three days of Holy Week, commemorating the sufferings and death of Christ, -- usually sung on the afternoon or evening of Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, instead of on the following days.

Te*neb"ri*cose` (?), a. [L. tenebricosus.] Tenebrous; dark; gloomy. [Obs.]

Ten`e*brif"ic (?), a. [L. tenebrae darkness + facere to make.] Rendering dark or gloomy; tenebrous; gloomy.

It lightens, it brightens,
The tenebrific scene.
Burns.

Where light
Lay fitful in a tenebrific time.
R. Browning.

Ten`e*brif"ic*ous (?), a. Tenebrific.

Authors who are tenebrificous stars.
Addison.

Te*ne"bri*ous (?), a. Tenebrous. Young.

Ten"e*brose` (?), a. Characterized by darkness or gloom; tenebrous.

Ten`e*bros"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tenebrous; tenebrousness. Burton.

Ten"e*brous (?), a. [L. tenebrosus, fr. tenebrae darkness: cf. F. ténébreux.] Dark; gloomy; dusky; tenebrious. -- Ten"e*brous*ness, n.

The most dark, tenebrous night.
J. Hall (1565).

The towering and tenebrous boughts of the cypress.
Longfellow.

Ten"e*ment (?), n. [OF. tenement a holding, a fief, F. tènement, LL. tenementum, fr. L. tenere to hold. See Tenant.] 1. (Feud. Law) That which is held of another by service; property which one holds of a lord or proprietor in consideration of some military or pecuniary service; fief; fee.

2. (Common Law) Any species of permanent property that may be held, so as to create a tenancy, as lands, houses, rents, commons, an office, an advowson, a franchise, a right of common, a peerage, and the like; -- called also free or frank tenements.

The thing held is a tenement, the possessor of it a "tenant," and the manner of possession is called "tenure."
Blackstone.

3. A dwelling house; a building for a habitation; also, an apartment, or suite of rooms, in a building, used by one family; often, a house erected to be rented.

4. Fig.: Dwelling; abode; habitation.

Who has informed us that a rational soul can inhabit no tenement, unless it has just such a sort of frontispiece?
Locke.

Tenement house, commonly, a dwelling house erected for the purpose of being rented, and divided into separate apartments or tenements for families. The term is often applied to apartment houses occupied by poor families.

Syn. -- House; dwelling; habitation. -- Tenement, House. There may be many houses under one roof, but they are completely separated from each other by party walls. A tenement may be detached by itself, or it may be part of a house divided off for the use of a family.

Ten`e*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a tenement; capable of being held by tenants. Blackstone.

Ten`e*men"ta*ry (?), a. Capable of being leased; held by tenants. Spelman.

Ten"ent (?), n. [L. tenent they hold, 3d pers. pl. pres. of tenere.] A tenet. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

Ten"er*al (?), a. [L. tener, - eris, tender, delicate.] (Zoöl.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a condition assumed by the imago of certain Neuroptera, after exclusion from the pupa. In this state the insect is soft, and has not fully attained its mature coloring.

Ten`er*iffe" (?), n. A white wine resembling Madeira in taste, but more tart, produced in Teneriffe, one of the Canary Islands; -- called also Vidonia.

Te*ner"i*ty (?), n. [L. teneritas. See Tender, a.] Tenderness. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Te*nes"mic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to tenesmus; characterized by tenesmus.

||Te*nes"mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stretch: cf. L. tenesmos.] (Med.) An urgent and distressing sensation, as if a discharge from the intestines must take place, although none can be effected; -- always referred to the lower extremity of the rectum.

Vesical tenesmus, a similar sensation as to the evacuation of urine, referred to the region of the bladder.

Ten"et (?), n. [L. tenet he holds, fr. tenere to hold. See Tenable.] Any opinion, principle, dogma, belief, or doctrine, which a person holds or maintains as true; as, the tenets of Plato or of Cicero.

That al animals of the land are in their kind in the sea, . . . is a tenet very questionable.
Sir T. Browne.

The religious tenets of his family he had early renounced with contempt.
Macaulay.

Syn. -- Dogma; doctrine; opinion; principle; position. See Dogma.

Ten"fold` (?), a. & adv. In tens; consisting of ten in one; ten times repeated.

The grisly Terror . . . grew tenfold
More dreadful and deform.
Milton.

||Te"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] See Tænia.

Te"ni*oid (?), a. See Tænoid.

Ten"nant*ite (?), n. [Named after Smithson Tennant, an English chemist.] (Min.) A blackish lead- gray mineral, closely related to tetrahedrite. It is essentially a sulphide of arsenic and copper.

||Ten`né" (?), n. [Cf. Tawny.] (Her.) A tincture, rarely employed, which is considered as an orange color or bright brown. It is represented by diagonal lines from sinister to dexter, crossed by vertical lines.

Ten"nis (?), n. [OE. tennes, tenies, tenyse; of uncertain origin, perhaps fr. F. tenez hold or take it, fr. tenir to hold (see Tenable).] A play in which a ball is driven to and fro, or kept in motion by striking it with a racket or with the open hand. Shak.

His easy bow, his good stories, his style of dancing and playing tennis, . . . were familiar to all London.
Macaulay.

Court tennis, the old game of tennis as played within walled courts of peculiar construction; -- distinguished from lawn tennis. -- Lawn tennis. See under Lawn, n. -- Tennis court, a place or court for playing the game of tennis. Shak.

Ten"nis, v. t. To drive backward and forward, as a ball in playing tennis. [R.] Spenser.

Ten"nu (?), n. (Zoöl.) The tapir.

Ten"-o'*clock` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant, the star-of-Bethlehem. See under Star.

Ten"on (?), n. [F., fr. tenir to hold. See Tenable.] (Carp. & Join.) A projecting member left by cutting away the wood around it, and made to insert into a mortise, and in this way secure together the parts of a frame; especially, such a member when it passes entirely through the thickness of the piece in which the mortise is cut, and shows on the other side. Cf. Tooth, Tusk.

Tenon saw, a saw with a thin blade, usually stiffened by a brass or steel back, for cutting tenons. [Corruptly written tenant saw.] Gwilt.

Ten"on, v. t. To cut or fit for insertion into a mortise, as the end of a piece of timber.

Te*no"ni*an (?), a. (Anat.) Discovered or described by M. Tenon, a French anatomist.

Tenonian capsule (Anat.), a lymphatic space inclosed by a delicate membrane or fascia (the fascia of Tenon) between the eyeball and the fat of the orbit; -- called also capsule of Tenon.

Ten"or (?), n. [L., from tenere to hold; hence, properly, a holding on in a continued course: cf. F. teneur. See Tenable, and cf. Tenor a kind of voice.] 1. A state of holding on in a continuous course; manner of continuity; constant mode; general tendency; course; career.

Along the cool sequestered vale of life
They kept the noiseless tenor of their away.
Gray.

2. That course of thought which holds on through a discourse; the general drift or course of thought; purport; intent; meaning; understanding.

When it [the bond] is paid according to the tenor.
Shak.

Does not the whole tenor of the divine law positively require humility and meekness to all men?
Spart.

3. Stamp; character; nature.

This success would look like chance, if it were perpetual, and always of the same tenor.
Dryden.

4. (Law) An exact copy of a writing, set forth in the words and figures of it. It differs from purport, which is only the substance or general import of the instrument. Bouvier.

5. [F. ténor, L. tenor, properly, a holding; -- so called because the tenor was the voice which took and held the principal part, the plain song, air, or tune, to which the other voices supplied a harmony above and below: cf. It. tenore.] (Mus.) (a) The higher of the two kinds of voices usually belonging to adult males; hence, the part in the harmony adapted to this voice; the second of the four parts in the scale of sounds, reckoning from the base, and originally the air, to which the other parts were auxillary. (b) A person who sings the tenor, or the instrument that play it.

Old Tenor, New Tenor, Middle Tenor, different descriptions of paper money, issued at different periods, by the American colonial governments in the last century.

||Ten`o*syn`o*vi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. te`nwn a tendon + E. synovitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the synovial sheath enveloping a tendon.

Ten"o*tome (?), n. (Surg.) A slender knife for use in the operation of tenotomy.

Te*not"o*my (?), n. [Gr. te`nwn a tendon + te`mnein to cut.] (Surg.) The division of a tendon, or the act of dividing a tendon.

Ten"pen*ny (?), a. Valued or sold at ten pence; as, a tenpenny cake. See 2d Penny, n.

Ten"pen*ny, a. Denoting a size of nails. See 1st Penny.

Ten"pins (?), n. A game resembling ninepins, but played with ten pins. See Ninepins. [U. S.]

Ten"-pound`er (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large oceanic fish (Elops saurus) found in the tropical parts of all the oceans. It is used chiefly for bait.

Ten"rec (?), n. [From the native name: cf. F. tanrac, tanrec, tandrec.] (Zoöl.) A small insectivore (Centetes ecaudatus), native of Madagascar, but introduced also into the islands of Bourbon and Mauritius; -- called also tanrec. The name is applied to other allied genera. See Tendrac.

Tense (?), n. [OF. tens, properly, time, F. temps time, tense. See Temporal of time, and cf. Thing.] (Gram.) One of the forms which a verb takes by inflection or by adding auxiliary words, so as to indicate the time of the action or event signified; the modification which verbs undergo for the indication of time.

&fist; The primary simple tenses are three: those which express time past, present, and future; but these admit of modifications, which differ in different languages.

Tense, a. [L. tensus, p. p. of tendere to stretch. See Tend to move, and cf. Toise.] Stretched tightly; strained to stiffness; rigid; not lax; as, a tense fiber.

The temples were sunk, her forehead was tense, and a fatal paleness was upon her.
Goldsmith.

-- Tense"ly, adv. -- Tense"ness, n.

Ten`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tensible; tensility.

Ten"si*ble (?), a. [See Tense, a.] Capable of being extended or drawn out; ductile; tensible.

Gold . . . is likewise the most flexible and tensible.
Bacon.

Ten"sile (?), a. [See Tense, a.] 1. Of or pertaining to extension; as, tensile strength.

2. Capable of extension; ductile; tensible. Bacon.

Ten"siled (?), a. Made tensile. [R.]

Ten*sil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tensile, or capable of extension; tensibility; as, the tensility of the muscles. Dr. H. Mere.

Ten"sion (?), n. [L. tensio, from tendere, tensum, to stretch: cf. F. tension. See Tense, a.] 1. The act of stretching or straining; the state of being stretched or strained to stiffness; the state of being bent strained; as, the tension of the muscles, tension of the larynx.

2. Fig.: Extreme strain of mind or excitement of feeling; intense effort.

3. The degree of stretching to which a wire, cord, piece of timber, or the like, is strained by drawing it in the direction of its length; strain. Gwilt.

4. (Mech.) The force by which a part is pulled when forming part of any system in equilibrium or in motion; as, the tension of a srting supporting a weight equals that weight.

5. A device for checking the delivery of the thread in a sewing machine, so as to give the stitch the required degree of tightness.

6. (Physics) Expansive force; the force with which the particles of a body, as a gas, tend to recede from each other and occupy a larger space; elastic force; elasticity; as, the tension of vapor; the tension of air.

7. (Elec.) The quality in consequence of which an electric charge tends to discharge itself, as into the air by a spark, or to pass from a body of greater to one of less electrical potential. It varies as the quantity of electricity upon a given area.

Tension brace, or Tension member (Engin.), a brace or member designed to resist tension, or subjected to tension, in a structure. -- Tension rod (Engin.), an iron rod used as a tension member to strengthen timber or metal framework, roofs, or the like.

Ten"sioned (?), a. Extended or drawn out; subjected to tension. "A highly tensioned string." Tyndall.

Ten"si*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tense, or strained to stiffness; tension; tenseness.

Ten"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. tensif. See Tense, a.] Giving the sensation of tension, stiffness, or contraction.

A tensive pain from distension of the parts.
Floyer.

Ten"sor (?), n. [NL. See Tension.] 1. (Anat.) A muscle that stretches a part, or renders it tense.

2. (Geom.) The ratio of one vector to another in length, no regard being had to the direction of the two vectors; -- so called because considered as a stretching factor in changing one vector into another. See Versor.

Ten"-strike` (?), n. 1. (Tenpins) A knocking down of all ten pins at one delivery of the ball. [U. S.]

2. Any quick, decisive stroke or act. [Colloq. U. S.]

Ten"sure (?), n. [L. tensura. See Tension.] Tension. [Obs.] Bacon.

Tent (?), n. [Sp. tinto, properly, deep-colored, fr. L. tinctus, p. p. of tingere to dye. See Tinge, and cf. Tint, Tinto.] A kind of wine of a deep red color, chiefly from Galicia or Malaga in Spain; -- called also tent wine, and tinta.

Tent, n. [Cf. Attent, n.] 1. Attention; regard, care. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Lydgate.

2. Intention; design. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tent, v. t. To attend to; to heed; hence, to guard; to hinder. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

Tent, v. t. [OF. tenter. See Tempt.] To probe or to search with a tent; to keep open with a tent; as, to tent a wound. Used also figuratively.

I'll tent him to the quick.
Shak.

Tent, n. [F. tente. See Tent to probe.] (Surg.) (a) A roll of lint or linen, or a conical or cylindrical piece of sponge or other absorbent, used chiefly to dilate a natural canal, to keep open the orifice of a wound, or to absorb discharges. (b) A probe for searching a wound.

The tent that searches
To the bottom of the worst.
Shak.

Tent (?), n. [OE. tente, F. tente, LL. tenta, fr. L. tendere, tentum, to stretch. See Tend to move, and cf. Tent a roll of lint.] 1. A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, -- used for sheltering persons from the weather, especially soldiers in camp.

Within his tent, large as is a barn.
Chaucer.

2. (Her.) The representation of a tent used as a bearing.

Tent bed, a high-post bedstead curtained with a tentlike canopy. -- Tent caterpillar (Zoöl.), any one of several species of gregarious caterpillars which construct on trees large silken webs into which they retreat when at rest. Some of the species are very destructive to fruit trees. The most common American species is the larva of a bombycid moth (Clisiocampa Americana). Called also lackery caterpillar, and webworm.

Tent, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tented; p. pr. & vb. n. Tenting.] To lodge as a tent; to tabernacle. Shak.

We 're tenting to-night on the old camp ground.
W. Kittredge.

Ten"ta*cle (?), n. [NL. tentaculum, from L. tentare to handle, feel: cf. F. tentacule. See Tempt.] (Zoöl.) A more or less elongated process or organ, simple or branched, proceeding from the head or cephalic region of invertebrate animals, being either an organ of sense, prehension, or motion.

Tentacle sheath (Zoöl.), a sheathlike structure around the base of the tentacles of many mollusks.

Ten"ta*cled (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having tentacles.

Ten*tac"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. tentaculaire.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to a tentacle or tentacles.

||Ten*tac`u*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Ctenophora including those which have two long tentacles.

{ Ten*tac"u*late (?), Ten*tac"u*la`ted (?), } a. (Zoöl.) Having tentacles, or organs like tentacles; tentacled.

||Ten`ta*cu*lif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Suctoria, 1.

Ten`ta*cu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Tentaculum + -ferous.] (Zoöl.) Producing or bearing tentacles.

Ten`ta*cu"li*form (?), a. (Zoöl.) Shaped like a tentacle.

Ten*tac"u*lite (?), n. (Paleon.) Any one of numerous species of small, conical fossil shells found in Paleozoic rocks. They are supposed to be pteropods.

Ten*tac"u*lo*cyst (?), n. [Tentaculum + cyst.] (Zoöl.) One of the auditory organs of certain medusæ; -- called also auditory tentacle.

||Ten*tac"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Tentacula (#). [NL. See Tentacle.] 1. (Zoöl.) A tentacle.

2. (Anat.) One of the stiff hairs situated about the mouth, or on the face, of many animals, and supposed to be tactile organs; a tactile hair.

Tent"age (?), n. [From Tent a pavilion.] A collection of tents; an encampment. [Obs.] Drayton.

Ten*ta"tion (?), n. [L. tentatio: cf. F. tentation. See Temptation.] 1. Trial; temptation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Mech.) A mode of adjusting or operating by repeated trials or experiments. Knight.

Ten*ta"tive (?), a. [L. tentare to try: cf. F. tentatif. See Tempt.] Of or pertaining to a trial or trials; essaying; experimental. "A slow, tentative manner." Carlyle. -- Ten*ta"tive*ly, adv.

Ten*ta"tive, n. [Cf. F. tentative.] An essay; a trial; an experiment. Berkley.

Tent"ed (?), a. Covered with tents.

Ten"ter (?), n. 1. One who takes care of, or tends, machines in a factory; a kind of assistant foreman.

2. (Mach.) A kind of governor.

Ten"ter, n. [OE. tenture, tentoure, OF. tenture a stretching, spreading, F. tenture hangings, tapestry, from L. tendere, tentum, to stretch. See Tend to move.] A machine or frame for stretching cloth by means of hooks, called tenter-hooks, so that it may dry even and square.

Tenter ground, a place where tenters are erected. -- Tenter-hook, a sharp, hooked nail used for fastening cloth on a tenter. -- To be on the tenters, or on the tenter-hooks, to be on the stretch; to be in distress, uneasiness, or suspense. Hudibras.

Ten"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tentered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tentering.] To admit extension.

Woolen cloth will tenter, linen scarcely.
Bacon.

Ten"ter, v. t. To hang or stretch on, or as on, tenters.

Tent"ful (?), n.; pl. Tentfuls (&?;). As much, or as many, as a tent will hold.

Tenth (?), a. [From Ten: cf. OE. tethe, AS. teó&?;a. See Ten, and cf. Tithe.] 1. Next in order after the ninth; coming after nine others.

2. Constituting or being one of ten equal parts into which anything is divided.

Tenth (?), n. 1. The next in order after the ninth; one coming after nine others.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by ten; one of ten equal parts into which anything is divided.

3. The tenth part of annual produce, income, increase, or the like; a tithe. Shak.

4. (Mus.) The interval between any tone and the tone represented on the tenth degree of the staff above it, as between one of the scale and three of the octave above; the octave of the third.

5. pl. (Eng. Law) (a) A temporary aid issuing out of personal property, and granted to the king by Parliament; formerly, the real tenth part of all the movables belonging to the subject. (b) (Eccl. Law) The tenth part of the annual profit of every living in the kingdom, formerly paid to the pope, but afterward transferred to the crown. It now forms a part of the fund called Queen Anne's Bounty. Burrill.

Tenth"ly, adv. In a tenth manner.

{ Tenth"me`ter, Tenth"me`tre } (?), n. (Physics) A unit for the measurement of many small lengths, such that 1010 of these units make one meter; the ten millionth part of a millimeter.

||Ten`thre*din"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of wasp.] (Zoöl.) A group of Hymneoptera comprising the sawflies.

Ten"tif (?), a. Attentive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ten"tif*ly, adv. Attentively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ten*tig"i*nous (?), a. [L. tentigo, -inis, a tension, lecherousness, fr. tendere, tentum, to stretch.] 1. Stiff; stretched; strained. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Lustful, or pertaining to lust. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Tent"mak`er (?), n. One whose occupation it is to make tents. Acts xviii. 3.

||Ten*to"ri*um (?), n. [L., a tent.] (Anat.) A fold of the dura mater which separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum and often incloses a process or plate of the skull called the bony tentorium.

Tent"o*ry (?), n. [L. tentorium a tent.] The awning or covering of a tent. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Tent"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of small fern, the wall rue. See under Wall.

Ten"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tenuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tenuating.] [L. tenuatus, p. p. of tenuare to make thin, fr. tenuis thin. See Tenuous.] To make thin; to attenuate. [R.]

Ten`u*i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. tenuis thin + folium a leaf.] (Bot.) Having thin or narrow leaves.

Te*nu"i*ous (?), a. [See Tenuous.] Rare or subtile; tenuous; -- opposed to dense. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Ten`u*i*ros"ter (?), n.; pl. Tenuirosters (#). [NL., fr. L. tenuis thin + rostrum a beak.] (Zoöl.) One of the Tenuirostres.

Ten`u*i*ros"tral (?), a. (Zoöl.) Thin-billed; -- applied to birds with a slender bill, as the humming birds.

||Ten`u*i*ros"tres (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) An artificial group of passerine birds having slender bills, as the humming birds.

||Ten"u*is (?), n.; pl. Tenues (#). [NL., fr. L. tenuis fine, thin. See Tenuous.] (Gr. Gram.) One of the three surd mutes κ, π, τ; -- so called in relation to their respective middle letters, or medials, γ, β, δ, and their aspirates, χ, φ, θ. The term is also applied to the corresponding letters and articulate elements in other languages.

Te*nu"i*ty (?), n. [L. tenuitas, from tenuis thin: cf. F. ténuité. See Tenuous.] 1. The quality or state of being tenuous; thinness, applied to a broad substance; slenderness, applied to anything that is long; as, the tenuity of a leaf; the tenuity of a hair.

2. Rarily; rareness; thinness, as of a fluid; as, the tenuity of the air; the tenuity of the blood. Bacon.

3. Poverty; indigence. [Obs.] Eikon Basilike.

4. Refinement; delicacy.

Ten"u*ous (?), a. [L. tenuis thin. See Thin, and cf. Tenuis.] 1. Thin; slender; small; minute.

2. Rare; subtile; not dense; -- said of fluids.

Ten"ure (?), n. [F. tenure, OF. teneure, fr. F. tenir to hold. See Tenable.] 1. The act or right of holding, as property, especially real estate.

That the tenure of estates might rest on equity, the Indian title to lands was in all cases to be quieted.
Bancroft.

2. (Eng. Law) The manner of holding lands and tenements of a superior.

&fist; Tenure is inseparable from the idea of property in land, according to the theory of the English law; and this idea of tenure pervades, to a considerable extent, the law of real property in the United States, where the title to land is essentially allodial, and almost all lands are held in fee simple, not of a superior, but the whole right and title to the property being vested in the owner. Tenure, in general, then, is the particular manner of holding real estate, as by exclusive title or ownership, by fee simple, by fee tail, by courtesy, in dower, by copyhold, by lease, at will, etc.

3. The consideration, condition, or service which the occupier of land gives to his lord or superior for the use of his land.

4. Manner of holding, in general; as, in absolute governments, men hold their rights by a precarious tenure.

All that seems thine own,
Held by the tenure of his will alone.
Cowper.

Tenure by fee alms. (Law) See Frankalmoigne.

Te`o*cal"li (?), n.; pl. Teocallis (#). [Mexican.] Literally, God's house; a temple, usually of pyramidal form, such as were built by the aborigines of Mexico, Yucatan, etc.

And Aztec priests upon their teocallis
Beat the wild war-drums made of serpent's skin.
Longfellow.

Te`o*sin"te (?), n. (Bot.) A large grass (Euchlæna luxurians) closely related to maize. It is native of Mexico and Central America, but is now cultivated for fodder in the Southern United States and in many warm countries. Called also Guatemala grass.

Tep"al (?), n. [F. tépale, fr. pétale, by transposition.] (Bot.) A division of a perianth. [R.]

Tep*ee" (?), n. An Indian wigwam or tent.

Tep`e*fac"tion (?), n. Act of tepefying.

Tep"e*fy (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Tepefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tepefying (?).] [L. tepere to be tepid + -fy; cf. L. tepefacere. See Tepid.] To make or become tepid, or moderately warm. Goldsmith.

Teph"ra*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?; ashes + - mancy.] Divination by the ashes of the altar on which a victim had been consumed in sacrifice.

Teph"rite (?), n. [Gr. &?; ashes.] (Geol.) An igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase and either leucite or nephelite, or both.

Teph"ro*ite (?), n. [See Tephrosia.] (Min.) A silicate of manganese of an ash-gray color.

||Te*phro"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ash- colored, from &?; ashes.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous shrubby plants and herbs, mostly found in tropical countries, a few herbaceous species being North American. The foliage is often ashy-pubescent, whence the name.

&fist; The Tephrosia toxicaria is used in the West Indies and in Polynesia for stupefying fish. T. purpurea is used medicinally in the East Indies. T. Virginia is the goat's rue of the United States.

Tep"id (?), a. [L. tepidus, fr. tepere to be warm; akin to Skr. tap to be warm, tapas heat.] Moderately warm; lukewarm; as, a tepid bath; tepid rays; tepid vapors. -- Tep"id*ness, n.

Te*pid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. tépidité.] The quality or state of being tepid; moderate warmth; lukewarmness; tepidness. Jer. Taylor.

Te"por (?), n. [L., fr. tepere to be tepid.] Gentle heat; moderate warmth; tepidness. Arbuthnot.

Te*qui"la (?), n. An intoxicating liquor made from the maguey in the district of Tequila, Mexico.

Ter- (?). A combining form from L. ter signifying three times, thrice. See Tri-, 2.

Ter`a*con"ic (?), a. [Terebic + citraconic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the distillation of terebic acid, and homologous with citraconic acid.

Ter`a*cryl"ic (?), a. [Terpene + acrylic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the acrylic series, obtained by the distillation of terpenylic acid, as an only substance having a peculiar cheesy odor.

Ter"aph (?), n.; pl. Teraphs (&?;). See Teraphim.

Ter"a*phim (?), n. pl. [Heb. terāphīm.] Images connected with the magical rites used by those Israelites who added corrupt practices to the patriarchal religion. Teraphim were consulted by the Israelites for oracular answers. Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.).

Ter"a*pin (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Terrapin.

Te*rat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; a wonder.] Wonderful; ominous; prodigious. [Obs.] Wollaston.

Ter`a*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a wonder, monster + the root of &?; to be born.] (Med.) The formation of monsters.

Ter"a*toid (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, monster + -oid.] Resembling a monster; abnormal; of a pathological growth, exceedingly complex or highly organized. S. D. Gross.

Ter`a*to*log"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to teratology; as, teratological changes.

Ter`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a wonder, monster + -logy: cf. Gr. &?; a telling of wonders, and F. tératologie.] 1. That branch of biological science which treats of monstrosities, malformations, or deviations from the normal type of structure, either in plants or animals.

2. Affectation of sublimity; bombast. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ter`a*to"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, monster + -oma.] (Med.) A tumor, sometimes found in newborn children, which is made up of a heterigenous mixture of tissues, as of bone, cartilage and muscle.

Ter"bic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, terbium; also, designating certain of its compounds.

Ter"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of uncertain identification, supposed to exist in certain minerals, as gadolinite and samarskite, with other rare ytterbium earth. Symbol Tr or Tb. Atomic weight 150.

Terce (?), n. See Tierce.

Ter"cel (?), n. See Tiercel. Called also tarsel, tassel. Chaucer.

Terce"let (?), n. (Zoöl.) A male hawk or eagle; a tiercelet. Chaucer.

Ter"cel*lene (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small male hawk. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Ter*cen"te*na*ry (?), a. [L. ter thirce + E. centenary.] Including, or relating to, an interval of three hundred years. -- n. The three hundredth anniversary of any event; also, a celebration of such an anniversary.

Ter"cet (?), n. [F., fr. It. terzetto, dim. of terzo, third, L. tertius. See Tierce, and cf. Terzetto.] 1. (Mus.) A triplet. Hiles.

2. (Poetry) A triplet; a group of three lines.

Ter"cine (?), n. [F., from L. tertius the third.] (Bot.) A cellular layer derived from the nucleus of an ovule and surrounding the embryo sac. Cf. Quintine.

Ter"e*bate (?), n. A salt of terebic acid.

Ter"e*bene (?), n. (Chem.) A polymeric modification of terpene, obtained as a white crystalline camphorlike substance; -- called also camphene. By extension, any one of a group of related substances.

Ter`e*ben"thene (?), n. (Chem.) Oil of turpentine. See Turpentine.

Te*reb"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, terbenthene (oil of turpentine); specifically, designating an acid, C7H10O4, obtained by the oxidation of terbenthene with nitric acid, as a white crystalline substance.

Ter`e*bi*len"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid, C7H8O4, obtained as a white crystalline substance by a modified oxidation of terebic acid.

Ter"e*binth (?), n. [L. terbinthus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. térébinthe. Cf. Turpentine.] (Bot.) The turpentine tree.

Ter`e*bin"thic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to turpentine; resembling turpentine; terbinthine; as, terbinthic qualities.

Ter`e*bin"thi*nate (?), a. Impregnating with the qualities of turpentine; terbinthine.

Ter`e*bin"thine (?), a. [L. terbinthinus, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to turpentine; consisting of turpentine, or partaking of its qualities.

||Ter"e*bra (?), n.; pl. E. Terebras (#), L. Terebræ (#). [L., a borer.] 1. (Zoöl.) A genus of marine gastropods having a long, tapering spire. They belong to the Toxoglossa. Called also auger shell.

2. (Zoöl.) The boring ovipositor of a hymenopterous insect.

Ter"e*brant (?), a. [L. terebrans, -antis, p. pr.] (Zoöl.) Boring, or adapted for boring; -- said of certain Hymenoptera, as the sawflies.

||Ter`e*bran"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Hymenoptera including those which have an ovipositor adapted for perforating plants. It includes the sawflies.

Ter"e*brate (?), v. t. [L. terebratus, p. p. of terebrare, from terebra a borer, terere to rub.] To perforate; to bore; to pierce. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Ter"e*bra`ting (?), a. 1. (Zoöl.) Boring; perforating; -- applied to molluskas which form holes in rocks, wood, etc.

2. (Med.) Boring; piercing; -- applied to certain kinds of pain, especially to those of locomotor ataxia.

Ter`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. terebratio.] The act of terebrating, or boring. [R.] Bacon.

||Ter`e*brat"u*la (?), n.; pl. Terebratulæ (#). [Nl., dim. fr. terebratus, p. p., perforated.] (Zoöl.) A genus of brachiopods which includes many living and some fossil species. The larger valve has a perforated beak, through which projects a short peduncle for attachment. Called also lamp shell.

Ter`e*brat"u*lid (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Terebratula or allied genera. Used also adjectively.

Ter`e*bra*tu"li*form (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the general form of a terebratula shell.

Ter"e*dine (?), n. [F. térédine.] (Zoöl.) A borer; the teredo.

Te*re"do (?), n.; pl. E. Teredos (#), L. Teredines (#). [L., a worm that gnaws wood, clothes, etc.; akin to Gr. &?;, L. terere to rub.] (Zoöl.) A genus of long, slender, wormlike bivalve mollusks which bore into submerged wood, such as the piles of wharves, bottoms of ships, etc.; -- called also shipworm. See Shipworm. See Illust. in App.

Ter*eph"tha*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of terephthalic acid.

Ter`eph*thal"ic (?), a. [Terebene + phthalic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the aromatic series, metameric with phthalic acid, and obtained, as a tasteless white crystalline powder, by the oxidation of oil of turpentine; -- called also paraphthalic acid. Cf. Phthalic.

Ter"et (?), a. Round; terete. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Te*rete" (?), a. [L. teres, - etis, rounded off, properly, rubbed off, fr. terere to rub.] Cylindrical and slightly tapering; columnar, as some stems of plants.

Te*re"tial (?), a. [See Terete.] (Anat.) Rounded; as, the teretial tracts in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain of some fishes. Owen.

Ter"e*tous (?), a. Terete. [Obs.]

Ter"gal (?), a. [L. tergum the back.] (Anat. & Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to back, or tergum. See Dorsal.

Ter"gant (?), a. (Her.) Showing the back; as, the eagle tergant. [Written also tergiant.]

{ Ter*gem"i*nal (?), Ter*gem"i*nate (?), } a. [See Tergeminous.] (Bot.) Thrice twin; having three pairs of leaflets.

Ter*gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. tergeminus; ter thrice + geminus doubled at birth, twin-born. Cf. Trigeminous.] Threefold; thrice-paired. Blount.

Ter*gif"er*ous (?), a. [L. tergum the back + -ferous.] Carrying or bearing upon the back.

Tergiferous plants (Bot.), plants which bear their seeds on the back of their leaves, as ferns.

Ter"gite (?), n. (Zoöl.) The dorsal portion of an arthromere or somite of an articulate animal. See Illust. under Coleoptera.

Ter"gi*ver*sate (?), v. i. [L. tergiversatus, p. p. of tergiversari to turn one's back, to shift; tergum back + versare, freq. of vertere to turn. See Verse.] To shift; to practice evasion; to use subterfuges; to shuffle. [R.] Bailey.

Ter`gi*ver*sa"tion (?), n. [L. tergiversario: cf. F. tergiversation.] 1. The act of tergiversating; a shifting; shift; subterfuge; evasion.

Writing is to be preferred before verbal conferences, as being freer from passions and tergiversations.
Abp. Bramhall.

2. Fickleness of conduct; inconstancy; change.

The colonel, after all his tergiversations, lost his life in the king's service.
Clarendon.

Ter"gi*ver*sa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who tergiversates; one who suffles, or practices evasion.

||Ter"gum (?), n.; pl. Terga (#). [L., the back.] (Zoöl.) (a) The back of an animal. (b) The dorsal piece of a somite of an articulate animal. (c) One of the dorsal plates of the operculum of a cirriped.

Te"rin (?), n. [F. tarin, Prov. F. tairin, térin, probably from the Picard tère tender.] (Zoöl.) A small yellow singing bird, with an ash-colored head; the European siskin. Called also tarin.

Term (?), n. [F. terme, L. termen, -inis, terminus, a boundary limit, end; akin to Gr. &?;, &?;. See Thrum a tuft, and cf. Terminus, Determine, Exterminate.] 1. That which limits the extent of anything; limit; extremity; bound; boundary.

Corruption is a reciprocal to generation, and they two are as nature's two terms, or boundaries.
Bacon.

2. The time for which anything lasts; any limited time; as, a term of five years; the term of life.

3. In universities, schools, etc., a definite continuous period during which instruction is regularly given to students; as, the school year is divided into three terms.

4. (Geom.) A point, line, or superficies, that limits; as, a line is the term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid.

5. (Law) A fixed period of time; a prescribed duration; as: (a) The limitation of an estate; or rather, the whole time for which an estate is granted, as for the term of a life or lives, or for a term of years. (b) A space of time granted to a debtor for discharging his obligation. (c) The time in which a court is held or is open for the trial of causes. Bouvier.

&fist; In England, there were formerly four terms in the year, during which the superior courts were open: Hilary term, beginning on the 11th and ending on the 31st of January; Easter term, beginning on the 15th of April, and ending on the 8th of May; Trinity term, beginning on the 22d day of May, and ending on the 12th of June; Michaelmas term, beginning on the 2d and ending on the 25th day of November. The rest of the year was called vacation. But this division has been practically abolished by the Judicature Acts of 1873, 1875, which provide for the more convenient arrangement of the terms and vacations. In the United States, the terms to be observed by the tribunals of justice are prescribed by the statutes of Congress and of the several States.

6. (Logic) The subject or the predicate of a proposition; one of the three component parts of a syllogism, each one of which is used twice.

The subject and predicate of a proposition are, after Aristotle, together called its terms or extremes.
Sir W. Hamilton.

&fist; The predicate of the conclusion is called the major term, because it is the most general, and the subject of the conclusion is called the minor term, because it is less general. These are called the extermes; and the third term, introduced as a common measure between them, is called the mean or middle term. Thus in the following syllogism, --

Every vegetable is combustible; Every tree is a vegetable; Therefore every tree is combustible, -

combustible, the predicate of the conclusion, is the major term; tree is the minor term; vegetable is the middle term.

7. A word or expression; specifically, one that has a precisely limited meaning in certain relations and uses, or is peculiar to a science, art, profession, or the like; as, a technical term. "Terms quaint of law." Chaucer.

In painting, the greatest beauties can not always be expressed for want of terms.
Dryden.

8. (Arch.) A quadrangular pillar, adorned on the top with the figure of a head, as of a man, woman, or satyr; -- called also terminal figure. See Terminus, n., 2 and 3.

&fist; The pillar part frequently tapers downward, or is narrowest at the base. Terms rudely carved were formerly used for landmarks or boundaries. Gwilt.

9. (Alg.) A member of a compound quantity; as, a or b in a + b; ab or cd in ab - cd.

10. pl. (Med.) The menses.

11. pl. (Law) Propositions or promises, as in contracts, which, when assented to or accepted by another, settle the contract and bind the parties; conditions.

12. (Law) In Scotland, the time fixed for the payment of rents.

&fist; Terms legal and conventional in Scotland correspond to quarter days in England and Ireland. There are two legal terms -- Whitsunday, May 15, and Martinmas, Nov. 11; and two conventional terms -- Candlemas, Feb. 2, and Lammas day, Aug. 1. Mozley & W.

13. (Naut.) A piece of carved work placed under each end of the taffrail. J. Knowels.

In term, in set terms; in formal phrase. [Obs.]

I can not speak in term.
Chaucer.

-- Term fee (Law) (a), a fee by the term, chargeable to a suitor, or by law fixed and taxable in the costs of a cause for each or any term it is in court. -- Terms of a proportion (Math.), the four members of which it is composed. -- To bring to terms, to compel (one) to agree, assent, or submit; to force (one) to come to terms. -- To make terms, to come to terms; to make an agreement: to agree.

Syn. -- Limit; bound; boundary; condition; stipulation; word; expression. -- Term, Word. These are more frequently interchanged than almost any other vocables that occur of the language. There is, however, a difference between them which is worthy of being kept in mind. Word is generic; it denotes an utterance which represents or expresses our thoughts and feelings. Term originally denoted one of the two essential members of a proposition in logic, and hence signifies a word of specific meaning, and applicable to a definite class of objects. Thus, we may speak of a scientific or a technical term, and of stating things in distinct terms. Thus we say, "the term minister literally denotes servant;" "an exact definition of terms is essential to clearness of thought;" "no term of reproach can sufficiently express my indignation;" "every art has its peculiar and distinctive terms," etc. So also we say, "purity of style depends on the choice of words, and precision of style on a clear understanding of the terms used." Term is chiefly applied to verbs, nouns, and adjectives, these being capable of standing as terms in a logical proposition; while prepositions and conjunctions, which can never be so employed, are rarely spoken of as terms, but simply as words.

Term (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Termed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terming.] [See Term, n., and cf. Terminate.] To apply a term to; to name; to call; to denominate.

Men term what is beyond the limits of the universe "imaginary space."
Locke.

||Ter"ma (?), n. [NL. See Term, n.] (Anat.) The terminal lamina, or thin ventral part, of the anterior wall of the third ventricle of the brain. B. G. Wilder.

Ter"ma*gan*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being termagant; turbulence; tumultuousness; as, a violent termagancy of temper.

Ter"ma*gant (?), n. [OE. Trivigant, Termagant, Termagant (in sense 1), OF. Tervagan; cf. It. Trivigante.] 1. An imaginary being supposed by the Christians to be a Mohammedan deity or false god. He is represented in the ancient moralities, farces, and puppet shows as extremely vociferous and tumultous. [Obs.] Chaucer. "And oftentimes by Termagant and Mahound [Mahomet] swore." Spenser.

The lesser part on Christ believed well,
On Termagant the more, and on Mahound.
Fairfax.

2. A boisterous, brawling, turbulent person; -- formerly applied to both sexes, now only to women.

This terrible termagant, this Nero, this Pharaoh.
Bale (1543).

The slave of an imperious and reckless termagant.
Macaulay.

Ter"ma*gant, a. Tumultuous; turbulent; boisterous; furious; quarrelsome; scolding. -- Ter"ma*gant*ly, adv.

A termagant, imperious, prodigal, profligate wench.
Arbuthnot.

||Ter`ma*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Termes.] (Zoöl.) Any nest or dwelling of termes, or white ants.

Ter"ma*ta*ry (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Termatarium.

Term"er (?), n. 1. One who resorted to London during the law term only, in order to practice tricks, to carry on intrigues, or the like. [Obs.] [Written also termor.] B. Jonson.

2. (Law) One who has an estate for a term of years or for life.

||Ter"mes (t&etilde;r"mēz), n.; pl. Termites (-m&ibreve;*tēz). [L. termes, tarmes, -itis, a woodworm. Cf. Termite.] (Zoöl.) A genus of Pseudoneuroptera including the white ants, or termites. See Termite.

Ter"mi*na*ble (-m&ibreve;n*&adot;*b'l), a. [See Terminate.] Capable of being terminated or bounded; limitable. -- Ter"mi*na*ble*ness, n.

Terminable annuity, an annuity for a stated, definite number of years; -- distinguished from life annuity, and perpetual annuity.

Ter"mi*nal (-nal), a. [L. terminals: cf. F. terminal. See Term, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to the end or extremity; forming the extremity; as, a terminal edge.

2. (Bot.) Growing at the end of a branch or stem; terminating; as, a terminal bud, flower, or spike.

Terminal moraine. See the Note under Moraine. -- Terminal statue. See Terminus, n., 2 and 3. -- Terminal velocity. (a) The velocity acquired at the end of a body's motion. (b) The limit toward which the velocity of a body approaches, as of a body falling through the air.

Ter"mi*nal, n. 1. That which terminates or ends; termination; extremity.

2. (Eccl.) Either of the ends of the conducting circuit of an electrical apparatus, as an inductorium, dynamo, or electric motor, usually provided with binding screws for the attachment of wires by which a current may be conveyed into or from the machine; a pole.

||Ter`mi*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) A festival celebrated annually by the Romans on February 23 in honor of Terminus, the god of boundaries.

Ter"mi*nant (?), n. [L. terminans, p. pr. of terminare.] Termination; ending. [R.] Puttenham.

Ter"mi*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terminating.] [L. terminatus, p. p. of terminare. See Term.] 1. To set a term or limit to; to form the extreme point or side of; to bound; to limit; as, to terminate a surface by a line.

2. To put an end to; to make to cease; as, to terminate an effort, or a controversy.

3. Hence, to put the finishing touch to; to bring to completion; to perfect.

During this interval of calm and prosperity, he [Michael Angelo] terminated two figures of slaves, destined for the tomb, in an incomparable style of art.
J. S. Harford.

Ter"mi*nate (?), v. i. 1. To be limited in space by a point, line, or surface; to stop short; to end; to cease; as, the torrid zone terminates at the tropics.

2. To come to a limit in time; to end; to close.

The wisdom of this world, its designs and efficacy, terminate on zhis side heaven.
South.

Ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. terminatio a bounding, fixing, determining: cf. F. terminasion, OF. also termination. See Term.] 1. The act of terminating, or of limiting or setting bounds; the act of ending or concluding; as, a voluntary termination of hostilities.

2. That which ends or bounds; limit in space or extent; bound; end; as, the termination of a line.

3. End in time or existence; as, the termination of the year, or of life; the termination of happiness.

4. End; conclusion; result. Hallam.

5. Last purpose of design. [R.]

6. A word; a term. [R. & Obs.] Shak.

7. (Gram.) The ending of a word; a final syllable or letter; the part added to a stem in inflection.

Ter`mi*na"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to termination; forming a termination.

Ter"mi*na*tive (?), a. Tending or serving to terminate; terminating; determining; definitive. Bp. Rust. -- Ter"mi*na*tive*ly, adv. Jer. Taylor.

Ter"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L., he who limits or sets bounds.] 1. One who, or that which, terminates.

2. (Astron.) The dividing line between the illuminated and the unilluminated part of the moon.

Ter"mi*na*to*ry (?), a. Terminative.

Ter"mine (?), v. t. [Cf. F. terminer.] To terminate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Ter"mi*ner (?), n. [F. terminer to bound, limit, end. See Terminate.] (Law) A determining; as, in oyer and terminer. See Oyer.

Ter"mi*nism (?), n. The doctrine held by the Terminists.

Ter"mi*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. terministe.] (Theol.) One of a class of theologians who maintain that God has fixed a certain term for the probation of individual persons, during which period, and no longer, they have the offer to grace. Murdock.

Ter`mi*no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to terminology. -- Ter`mi*no*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Ter`mi*nol"o*gy (?), n. [L. terminus term + -logy: cf. F. terminologie.] 1. The doctrine of terms; a theory of terms or appellations; a treatise on terms.

2. The terms actually used in any business, art, science, or the like; nomenclature; technical terms; as, the terminology of chemistry.

The barbarous effect produced by a German structure of sentence, and a terminology altogether new.
De Quincey.

Ter"mi*nus (?), n.; pl. Termini (#). [L. See Term.] 1. Literally, a boundary; a border; a limit.

2. (Myth.) The Roman divinity who presided over boundaries, whose statue was properly a short pillar terminating in the bust of a man, woman, satyr, or the like, but often merely a post or stone stuck in the ground on a boundary line.

3. Hence, any post or stone marking a boundary; a term. See Term, 8.

4. Either end of a railroad line; also, the station house, or the town or city, at that place.

Ter"mite (?), n.; pl. Termites (#). [F. See Termes.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of pseudoneoropterous insects belonging to Termes and allied genera; -- called also white ant. See Illust. of White ant.

&fist; They are very abundant in tropical countries, and are noted for their destructive habits, their large nests, their remarkable social instincts, and their division of labor among the polymorphic individuals of several kinds. Besides the males and females, each nest has ordinary workers, and large-headed individuals called soldiers.

Term"less (?), a. 1. Having no term or end; unlimited; boundless; unending; as, termless time. [R.] "Termless joys." Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Inexpressible; indescribable. [R.] Shak.

Term"ly (?), a. Occurring every term; as, a termly fee. [R.] Bacon.

Term"ly, adv. Term by term; every term. [R.] "Fees . . . that are termly given." Bacon.

Ter`mo*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, boundary, end + -logy.] Terminology. [R.]

Term"or (?), n. (Law) Same as Termer, 2.

Tern (t&etilde;rn), n. [Dan. terne, tærne; akin to Sw. tärna, Icel. þerna; cf. NL. sterna.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of long-winged aquatic birds, allied to the gulls, and belonging to Sterna and various allied genera.

&fist; Terns differ from gulls chiefly in their graceful form, in their weaker and more slender bills and feet, and their longer and more pointed wings. The tail is usually forked. Most of the species are white with the back and wings pale gray, and often with a dark head. The common European tern (Sterna hirundo) is found also in Asia and America. Among other American species are the arctic tern (S. paradisæa), the roseate tern (S. Dougalli), the least tern (S. Antillarum), the royal tern (S. maxima), and the sooty tern (S. fuliginosa).

Hooded tern. See Fairy bird, under Fairy. -- Marsh tern, any tern of the genus Hydrochelidon. They frequent marshes and rivers and feed largely upon insects. -- River tern, any tern belonging to Seëna or allied genera which frequent rivers. -- Sea tern, any tern of the genus Thalasseus. Terns of this genus have very long, pointed wings, and chiefly frequent seas and the mouths of large rivers.

Tern (?), a. [L. pl. terni three each, three; akin to tres three. See Three, and cf. Trine.] Threefold; triple; consisting of three; ternate.

Tern flowers (Bot.), flowers growing three and three together. -- Tern leaves (Bot.), leaves arranged in threes, or three by three, or having three in each whorl or set. -- Tern peduncles (Bot.), three peduncles growing together from the same axis. -- Tern schooner (Naut.), a three-masted schooner.

Tern, n. [F. terne. See Tern, a.] That which consists of, or pertains to, three things or numbers together; especially, a prize in a lottery resulting from the favorable combination of three numbers in the drawing; also, the three numbers themselves.

She'd win a tern in Thursday's lottery.
Mrs. Browning.

Ter"na*ry (?), a. [L. ternarius, fr. terni. See Tern, a.] 1. Proceeding by threes; consisting of three; as, the ternary number was anciently esteemed a symbol of perfection, and held in great veneration.

2. (Chem.) Containing, or consisting of, three different parts, as elements, atoms, groups, or radicals, which are regarded as having different functions or relations in the molecule; thus, sodic hydroxide, NaOH, is a ternary compound.

Ter"na*ry, n.; pl. Ternaries (&?;). A ternion; the number three; three things taken together; a triad.

Some in ternaries, some in pairs, and some single.
Holder.

Ter"nate (?), a. [NL. ternatus, fr. L. terni three each. See Tern, a.] Having the parts arranged by threes; as, ternate branches, leaves, or flowers. -- Ter"nate*ly, adv.

Terne"plate` (?), n. [See Tern, a., and Plate.] Thin iron sheets coated with an alloy of lead and tin; -- so called because made up of three metals.

Ter"ni*on (?), n. [L. ternio, fr. terni three each. See Tern, a.] The number three; three things together; a ternary. Bp. Hall.

Ter"pene (?), n. [See Turpentine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of isomeric hydrocarbons of pleasant aromatic odor, occurring especially in coniferous plants and represented by oil of turpentine, but including also certain hydrocarbons found in some essential oils.

Ter*pen"tic (?), a. (Chem.) Terpenylic.

Ter`pe*nyl"ic (?), a. [Terpene + - yl + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C8H12O4 (called also terpentic acid), homologous with terebic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance by the oxidation of oil of turpentine with chromic acid.

Ter"pi*lene (?), n. (Chem.) A polymeric form of terpene, resembling terbene.

Ter"pin (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance regarded as a hydrate of oil of turpentine.

Ter"pin*ol (?), n. [Terpin + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Any oil substance having a hyacinthine odor, obtained by the action of acids on terpin, and regarded as a related hydrate.

Terp*sich"o*re (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; enjoyment (fr. &?; to gladden) + &?; dance, dancing.] (Gr. Myth.) The Muse who presided over the choral song and the dance, especially the latter.

Terp`sich*o*re"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Terpsichore; of or pertaining to dancing.

||Ter"ra (?), n. [It. & L. See Terrace.] The earth; earth.

Terra alba [L., white earth] (Com.), a white amorphous earthy substance consisting of burnt gypsum, aluminium silicate (kaolin), or some similar ingredient, as magnesia. It is sometimes used to adulterate certain foods, spices, candies, paints, etc. -- Terra cotta. [It., fr. terra earth + cotta, fem. of cotto cooked, L. coctus, p. p. of coquere to cook. See Cook, n.] Baked clay; a kind of hard pottery used for statues, architectural decorations, figures, vases, and the like. -- Terræ filius [L., son of the earth], formerly, one appointed to write a satirical Latin poem at the public acts in the University of Oxford; -- not unlike the prevaricator at Cambridge, England. -- Terra firma [L.], firm or solid earth, as opposed to water. -- Terra Japonica. [NL.] Same as Gambier. It was formerly supposed to be a kind of earth from Japan. -- Terra Lemnia [L., Lemnian earth], Lemnian earth. See under Lemnian. -- Terra ponderosa [L., ponderous earth] (Min.), barite, or heavy spar. -- Terra di Sienna. See Sienna.

Ter"race (?), n. [F. terrasse (cf. Sp. terraza, It. terrazza), fr. L. terra the earth, probably for tersa, originally meaning, dry land, and akin to torrere to parch, E. torrid, and thirst. See Thirst, and cf. Fumitory, Inter, v., Patterre, Terrier, Trass, Tureen, Turmeric.] 1. A raised level space, shelf, or platform of earth, supported on one or more sides by a wall, a bank of tuft, or the like, whether designed for use or pleasure.

2. A balcony, especially a large and uncovered one.

3. A flat roof to a house; as, the buildings of the Oriental nations are covered with terraces.

4. A street, or a row of houses, on a bank or the side of a hill; hence, any street, or row of houses.

5. (Geol.) A level plain, usually with a steep front, bordering a river, a lake, or sometimes the sea.

&fist; Many rivers are bordered by a series of terraces at different levels, indicating the flood plains at successive periods in their history.

Terrace epoch. (Geol.) See Drift epoch, under Drift, a.

Ter"race, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terraced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terracing (?).] To form into a terrace or terraces; to furnish with a terrace or terraces, as, to terrace a garden, or a building. Sir H. Wotton.

Clermont's terraced height, and Esher's groves.
Thomson.

Ter"ra*cul`ture (?), n. [L. terra the earth + cultura.] Cultivation on the earth; agriculture. [R.] -- Ter`ra*cul"tur*al (#), a. [R.]

Ter"rane (?), n. [F. terrain, from L. terra earth.] (Geol.) A group of rocks having a common age or origin; -- nearly equivalent to formation, but used somewhat less comprehensively.

Ter"ra*pin (?), n. [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of tortoises living in fresh and brackish waters. Many of them are valued for food. [Written also terapin, terrapen, terrapene, and turapen.]

&fist; The yellow-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys acebra) of the Southern United States, the red-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys rugosa), native of the tributaries Chesapeake Bay (called also potter, slider, and redfender), and the diamond-back or salt-marsh terrapin (Malaclemmys palustris), are the most important American species. The diamond-back terrapin is native of nearly the whole of the Atlantic coast of the United States.

Alligator terrapin, the snapping turtle. -- Mud terrapin, any one of numerous species of American tortoises of the genus Cinosternon. -- Painted terrapin, the painted turtle. See under Painted. -- Speckled terrapin, a small fresh-water American terrapin (Chelopus guttatus) having the carapace black with round yellow spots; -- called also spotted turtle.

Ter*ra"que*ous (?), a. [L. terra the earth + E. aqueous.] Consisting of land and water; as, the earth is a terraqueous globe. Cudworth.

The grand terraqueous spectacle
From center to circumference unveiled.
Wordsworth.

Ter"rar (?), n. [LL. terrarius liber. See Terrier a collection of acknowledgments.] (O. Eng. Law) See 2d Terrier, 2.

Ter"ras (?), n. (Min.) See &?;rass.

Ter*reen" (?), n. See Turren.

Ter*re"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being earthy; earthiness. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ter"rel (?), n. [NL. terrella, from L. terra the earth.] A spherical magnet so placed that its poles, equator, etc., correspond to those of the earth. [Obs.] Chambers.

Terre"mote` (?), n. [OF. terremote, terremoete, fr. L. terra the earth + movere, motum, to move.] An earthquake. [Obs.] Gower.

Ter*rene" (?), n. A tureen. [Obs.] Walpole.

Ter*rene", a. [L. terrenus, fr. terra the earth. See Terrace.] 1. Of or pertaining to the earth; earthy; as, terrene substance. Holland.

2. Earthy; terrestrial.

God set before him a mortal and immortal life, a nature celestial and terrene.
Sir W. Raleigh.

Be true and faithful to the king and his heirs, and truth and faith to bear of life and limb, and terrene honor.
O. Eng. Oath of Allegiance, quoted by Blackstone.

Common conceptions of the matters which lie at the basis of our terrene experience.
Hickok.

Ter*rene", n. [L. terrenum land, ground: cf. F. terrain.] 1. The earth's surface; the earth. [Poetic]

Tenfold the length of this terrene.
Milton.

2. (Surv.) The surface of the ground.

Ter*ren"i*ty (?), n. Earthiness; worldliness. [Obs.] "A dull and low terrenity." Feltham.

Ter"re*ous (?), a. [L. terreus, fr. terra the earth. See Terrace.] Consisting of earth; earthy; as, terreous substances; terreous particles. [Obs.]

Terre"plein` (?), n. [F., fr. L. terra earth + planus even, level, plain.] (Fort.) The top, platform, or horizontal surface, of a rampart, on which the cannon are placed. See Illust. of Casemate.

Ter*res"tre (?), a. [OE., from OF. & F. terrestre.] Terrestrial; earthly. [Obs.] "His paradise terrestre." Chaucer.

Ter*res"tri*al (?), a. [L. terrestris, from terra the earth. See Terrace.] 1. Of or pertaining to the earth; existing on the earth; earthly; as, terrestrial animals. "Bodies terrestrial." 1 Cor. xv. 40.

2. Representing, or consisting of, the earth; as, a terrestrial globe. "The dark terrestrial ball." Addison.

3. Of or pertaining to the world, or to the present state; sublunary; mundane.

Vain labors of terrestrial wit.
Spenser.

A genius bright and base,
Of towering talents, and terrestrial aims.
Young.

4. Consisting of land, in distinction from water; belonging to, or inhabiting, the land or ground, in distinction from trees, water, or the like; as, terrestrial serpents.

The terrestrial parts of the globe.
Woodward.

5. Adapted for the observation of objects on land and on the earth; as, a terrestrial telescope, in distinction from an astronomical telescope.

-- Ter*res"tri*al*ly, adv. -- Ter*res"tri*al*ness, n.

Ter*res"tri*al, n. An inhabitant of the earth.

Ter*res"tri*fy (?), v. t. [L. terrestris terrestrial + -fy.] To convert or reduce into a condition like that of the earth; to make earthy. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ter*res"tri*ous (?), a. [See Terrestrial.] Terrestrial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ter"ret (?), n. One of the rings on the top of the saddle of a harness, through which the reins pass.

Terre"-ten`ant (?), n. [F. terre earth, land + tenant, p. pr. of tenir to hold.] (Law) One who has the actual possession of land; the occupant. [Written also ter-tenant.]

Terre"-verte` (?), n. [F., fr. terre earth + vert, verte, green.] An olive-green earth used as a pigment. See Glauconite.

Ter"ri*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. terribilis, fr. terrere to frighten. See Terror.] 1. Adapted or likely to excite terror, awe, or dread; dreadful; formidable.

Prudent in peace, and terrible in war.
Prior.

Thou shalt not be affrighted at them; for the Lord thy God is among you, a mighty God and terrible.
Deut. vii. 21.

2. Excessive; extreme; severe. [Colloq.]

The terrible coldness of the season.
Clarendon.

Syn. -- Terrific; fearful; frightful; formidable; dreadful; horrible; shocking; awful.

-- Ter"ri*ble*ness, n. -- Ter"ri*bly, adv.

||Ter*ric"o*læ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. terra + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.) A division of annelids including the common earthworms and allied species.

Ter`ri*en"ni*ak (?), n. (Zoöl.) The arctic fox.

Ter"ri*er (?), n. [CF. L. terere to rub, to rub away, terebra a borer.] An auger or borer. [Obs.]

Ter"ri*er, n. 1. [F. terrier, chien terrier, from terre the earth, L. terra; cf. F. terrier a burrow, LL. terrarium a hillock (hence the sense, a mound thrown up in making a burrow, a burrow). See Terrace, and cf. Terrier, 2.] (Zoöl.) One of a breed of small dogs, which includes several distinct subbreeds, some of which, such as the Skye terrier and Yorkshire terrier, have long hair and drooping ears, while others, at the English and the black-and-tan terriers, have short, close, smooth hair and upright ears.

&fist; Most kinds of terriers are noted for their courage, the acuteness of their sense of smell, their propensity to hunt burrowing animals, and their activity in destroying rats, etc. See Fox terrier, under Fox.

2. [F. terrier, papier terrier, LL. terrarius liber, i.e., a book belonging or pertaining to land or landed estates. See Terrier, 1, and cf. Terrar.] (Law) (a) Formerly, a collection of acknowledgments of the vassals or tenants of a lordship, containing the rents and services they owed to the lord, and the like. (b) In modern usage, a book or roll in which the lands of private persons or corporations are described by their site, boundaries, number of acres, or the like. [Written also terrar.]

Ter*rif"ic (?), a. [L. terrificus; fr. terrere to frighten + facere to make. See Terror, and Fact.] Causing terror; adapted to excite great fear or dread; terrible; as, a terrific form; a terrific sight.

Ter*rif"ic*al (?), a. Terrific. [R.]

Ter*rif"ic*al*ly, adv. In a terrific manner.

Ter"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terrifying (?).] [L. terrere to frighten + -fy: cf. F. terrifier, L. terrificare. See Terrific, and - fy.] 1. To make terrible. [Obs.]

If the law, instead of aggravating and terrifying sin, shall give out license, it foils itself.
Milton.

2. To alarm or shock with fear; to frighten.

When ye shall hear of wars . . . be not terrified.
Luke xxi. 9.

Ter*rig"e*nous (?), a. [L. terrigena, terrigenus; terra the earth + genere, gignere, to bring forth.] Earthborn; produced by the earth.

Ter`ri*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. territorialis: cf. F. territorial.] 1. Of or pertaining to territory or land; as, territorial limits; territorial jurisdiction.

2. Limited to a certain district; as, right may be personal or territorial.

3. Of or pertaining to all or any of the Territories of the United States, or to any district similarly organized elsewhere; as, Territorial governments.

Ter`ri*to"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Territorialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Territorializing (?).] 1. To enlarge by extension of territory.

2. To reduce to the condition of a territory.

Ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly, adv. In regard to territory; by means of territory.

Ter"ri*to*ried (?), a. Possessed of territory. [R.]

Ter"ri*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Territories (#). [L. territorium, from terra the earth: cf. F. territoire. See Terrace.] 1. A large extent or tract of land; a region; a country; a district.

He looked, and saw wide territory spread
Before him -- towns, and rural works between.
Milton.

2. The extent of land belonging to, or under the dominion of, a prince, state, or other form of government; often, a tract of land lying at a distance from the parent country or from the seat of government; as, the territory of a State; the territories of the East India Company.

3. In the United States, a portion of the country not included within the limits of any State, and not yet admitted as a State into the Union, but organized with a separate legislature, under a Territorial governor and other officers appointed by the President and Senate of the United States. In Canada, a similarly organized portion of the country not yet formed into a Province.

Ter"ror (?), n. [L. terror, akin to terrere to frighten, for tersere; akin to Gr. &?; to flee away, dread, Skr. tras to tremble, to be afraid, Russ. triasti to shake: cf. F. terreur. Cf. Deter.] 1. Extreme fear; fear that agitates body and mind; violent dread; fright.

Terror seized the rebel host.
Milton.

2. That which excites dread; a cause of extreme fear.

Those enormous terrors of the Nile.
Prior.

Rulers are not a terror to good works.
Rom. xiii. 3.

There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats.
Shak.

&fist; Terror is used in the formation of compounds which are generally self-explaining: as, terror-fraught, terror-giving, terror-smitten, terror-stricken, terror-struck, and the like.

King of terrors, death. Job xviii. 14. -- Reign of Terror. (F. Hist.) See in Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

Syn. -- Alarm; fright; consternation; dread; dismay. See Alarm.

Ter"ror*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. terrorisme.] The act of terrorizing, or state of being terrorized; a mode of government by terror or intimidation. Jefferson.

Ter"ror*ist, n. [F. terroriste.] One who governs by terrorism or intimidation; specifically, an agent or partisan of the revolutionary tribunal during the Reign of Terror in France. Burke.

Ter"ror*ize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. terroriser.] To impress with terror; to coerce by intimidation.

Humiliated by the tyranny of foreign despotism, and terrorized by ecclesiastical authority.
J. A. Symonds.

Ter"ror*less, a. Free from terror. Poe.

Ter"ry (?), n. A kind of heavy colored fabric, either all silk, or silk and worsted, or silk and cotton, often called terry velvet, used for upholstery and trimmings.

||Ter*sanc"tus (?), n. [L. ter thrice + sanctus holy.] (Eccl.) An ancient ascription of praise (containing the word "Holy" -- in its Latin form, "Sanctus" -- thrice repeated), used in the Mass of the Roman Catholic Church and before the prayer of consecration in the communion service of the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. Cf. Trisagion.

Terse (?), a. [Compar. Terser (?); superl. Tersest.] [L. tersus, p. p. of tergere to rub or wipe off.] 1. Appearing as if rubbed or wiped off; rubbed; smooth; polished. [Obs.]

Many stones, . . . although terse and smooth, have not this power attractive.
Sir T. Browne.

2. Refined; accomplished; -- said of persons. [R. & Obs.] "Your polite and terse gallants." Massinger.

3. Elegantly concise; free of superfluous words; polished to smoothness; as, terse language; a terse style.

Terse, luminous, and dignified eloquence.
Macaulay.

A poet, too, was there, whose verse
Was tender, musical, and terse.
Longfellow.

Syn. -- Neat; concise; compact. Terse, Concise. Terse was defined by Johnson "cleanly written", i. e., free from blemishes, neat or smooth. Its present sense is "free from excrescences," and hence, compact, with smoothness, grace, or elegance, as in the following lones of Whitehead: -

"In eight terse lines has Phædrus told
(So frugal were the bards of old)
A tale of goats; and closed with grace,
Plan, moral, all, in that short space."

It differs from concise in not implying, perhaps, quite as much condensation, but chiefly in the additional idea of "grace or elegance."

-- Terse"ly, adv. -- Terse"ness, n.

Ter*sul"phide (?), n. [Pref. ter- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A trisulphide.

Ter*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Pref. ter- + sulphuret.] (Chem.) A trisulphide. [R.]

Ter"-ten`ant (?), n. See Terre- tenant.

Ter"tial (?), a. & n. [From L. tertius third, the tertial feathers being feathers of the third row. See Tierce.] (Zoöl.) Same as Tertiary.

Ter"tian (?), a. [L. tertianus, from tertius the third. See Tierce.] (Med.) Occurring every third day; as, a tertian fever.

Ter"tian, n. [L. tertiana (sc. febris): cf. OF. tertiane.] 1. (Med.) A disease, especially an intermittent fever, which returns every third day, reckoning inclusively, or in which the intermission lasts one day.

2. A liquid measure formerly used for wine, equal to seventy imperial, or eighty-four wine, gallons, being one third of a tun.

Ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. [L. tertiarius containing a third part, fr. tertius third: cf. F. tertiaire. See Tierce.] 1. Being of the third formation, order, or rank; third; as, a tertiary use of a word. Trench.

2. (Chem.) Possessing some quality in the third degree; having been subjected to the substitution of three atoms or radicals; as, a tertiary alcohol, amine, or salt. Cf. Primary, and Secondary.

3. (Geol.) Later than, or subsequent to, the Secondary.

4. (Zoöl.) Growing on the innermost joint of a bird's wing; tertial; -- said of quills.

Tertiary age. (Geol.) See under Age, 8. -- Tertiary color, a color produced by the mixture of two secondaries. "The so-called tertiary colors are citrine, russet, and olive." Fairholt. -- Tertiary period. (Geol.) (a) The first period of the age of mammals, or of the Cenozoic era. (b) The rock formation of that period; -- called also Tertiary formation. See the Chart of Geology. -- Tertiary syphilis (Med.), the third and last stage of syphilis, in which it invades the bones and internal organs.

Ter"ti*a*ry, n.; pl. Tertiaries (&?;). 1. (R. C. Ch.) A member of the Third Order in any monastic system; as, the Franciscan tertiaries; the Dominican tertiaries; the Carmelite tertiaries. See Third Order, under Third. Addis & Arnold.

2. (Geol.) The Tertiary era, period, or formation.

3. (Zoöl.) One of the quill feathers which are borne upon the basal joint of the wing of a bird. See Illust. of Bird.

Ter"ti*ate (?), v. t. [L. tertiatus, p. p. of tertiare to do for the third time, fr. tertius the third.] 1. To do or perform for the third time. [Obs. & R.] Johnson.

2. (Gun.) To examine, as the thickness of the metal at the muzzle of a gun; or, in general, to examine the thickness of, as ordnance, in order to ascertain its strength.

||Ter`u*ter"o (?), n. [Probably so named from its city.] (Zoöl.) The South American lapwing (Vanellus Cayennensis). Its wings are furnished with short spurs. Called also Cayenne lapwing.

||Ter"za ri"ma (?). [It., a third or triple rhyme.] A peculiar and complicated system of versification, borrowed by the early Italian poets from the Troubadours.

||Ter*zet"to (?), n. [It., dim. of terzo the third, L. tertius. See Tierce.] (Mus.) A composition in three voice parts; a vocal (rarely an instrumental) trio.

Tes"sel*ar (?), a. [L. tessella a small square piece, a little cube, dim. of tessera a square piece of stone, wood, etc., a die.] Formed of tesseræ, as a mosaic.

||Tes`sel*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tessellate.] (Zoöl.) A division of Crinoidea including numerous fossil species in which the body is covered with tessellated plates.

Tes"sel*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tessellated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tessellating.] [L. tessellatus tessellated. See Tessellar.] To form into squares or checkers; to lay with checkered work.

The floors are sometimes of wood, tessellated after the fashion of France.
Macaulay.

Tes"sel*late (?), a. [L. tesselatus.] Tessellated.

Tes"sel*la`ted (?), a. 1. Formed of little squares, as mosaic work; checkered; as, a tessellated pavement.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Marked like a checkerboard; as, a tessellated leaf.

Tes`sel*la"tion (?), n. The act of tessellating; also, the mosaic work so formed. J. Forsyth.

||Tes"se*ra (?), n.; pl. Tesseræ (#). [L., a square piece, a die. See Tessellar.] A small piece of marble, glass, earthenware, or the like, having a square, or nearly square, face, used by the ancients for mosaic, as for making pavements, for ornamenting walls, and like purposes; also, a similar piece of ivory, bone, wood, etc., used as a ticket of admission to theaters, or as a certificate for successful gladiators, and as a token for various other purposes. Fairholt.

Tes`se*ra"ic (?), a. Diversified by squares; done in mosaic; tessellated. [Obs.] Sir R. Atkyns (1712).

Tes"se*ral (?), a. 1. Of, pertaining to, or containing, tesseræ.

2. (Crystallog.) Isometric.

Tes"su*lar (?), a. (Crystallog.) Tesseral.

Test (?), n. [OE. test test, or cupel, potsherd, F. têt, from L. testum an earthen vessel; akin to testa a piece of burned clay, an earthen pot, a potsherd, perhaps for tersta, and akin to torrere to patch, terra earth (cf. Thirst, and Terrace), but cf. Zend tasta cup. Cf. Test a shell, Testaceous, Tester a covering, a coin, Testy, Tête-à- tête.] 1. (Metal.) A cupel or cupelling hearth in which precious metals are melted for trial and refinement.

Our ingots, tests, and many mo.
Chaucer.

2. Examination or trial by the cupel; hence, any critical examination or decisive trial; as, to put a man's assertions to a test. "Bring me to the test." Shak.

3. Means of trial; as, absence is a test of love.

Each test every light her muse will bear.
Dryden.

4. That with which anything is compared for proof of its genuineness; a touchstone; a standard.

Life, force, and beauty must to all impart,
At once the source, and end, and test of art.
Pope.

5. Discriminative characteristic; standard of judgment; ground of admission or exclusion.

Our test excludes your tribe from benefit.
Dryden.

6. Judgment; distinction; discrimination.

Who would excel, when few can make a test
Betwixt indifferent writing and the best?
Dryden.

7. (Chem.) A reaction employed to recognize or distinguish any particular substance or constituent of a compound, as the production of some characteristic precipitate; also, the reagent employed to produce such reaction; thus, the ordinary test for sulphuric acid is the production of a white insoluble precipitate of barium sulphate by means of some soluble barium salt.

Test act (Eng. Law), an act of the English Parliament prescribing a form of oath and declaration against transubstantiation, which all officers, civil and military, were formerly obliged to take within six months after their admission to office. They were obliged also to receive the sacrament according to the usage of the Church of England. Blackstone. -- Test object (Optics), an object which tests the power or quality of a microscope or telescope, by requiring a certain degree of excellence in the instrument to determine its existence or its peculiar texture or markings. -- Test paper. (a) (Chem.) Paper prepared for use in testing for certain substances by being saturated with a reagent which changes color in some specific way when acted upon by those substances; thus, litmus paper is turned red by acids, and blue by alkalies, turmeric paper is turned brown by alkalies, etc. (b) (Law) An instrument admitted as a standard or comparison of handwriting in those jurisdictions in which comparison of hands is permitted as a mode of proving handwriting. -- Test tube. (Chem.) (a) A simple tube of thin glass, closed at one end, for heating solutions and for performing ordinary reactions. (b) A graduated tube.

Syn. -- Criterion; standard; experience; proof; experiment; trial. -- Test, Trial. Trial is the wider term; test is a searching and decisive trial. It is derived from the Latin testa (earthen pot), which term was early applied to the fining pot, or crucible, in which metals are melted for trial and refinement. Hence the peculiar force of the word, as indicating a trial or criterion of the most decisive kind.

I leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial shall better publish his commediation.
Shak.

Thy virtue, prince, has stood the test of fortune,
Like purest gold, that tortured in the furnace,
Comes out more bright, and brings forth all its weight.
Addison.

Test, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tested; p. pr. & vb. n. Testing.] 1. (Metal.) To refine, as gold or silver, in a test, or cupel; to subject to cupellation.

2. To put to the proof; to prove the truth, genuineness, or quality of by experiment, or by some principle or standard; to try; as, to test the soundness of a principle; to test the validity of an argument.

Experience is the surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution.
Washington.

3. (Chem.) To examine or try, as by the use of some reagent; as, to test a solution by litmus paper.

Test (?), n. [L. testis. Cf. Testament, Testify.] A witness. [Obs.]

Prelates and great lords of England, who were for the more surety tests of that deed.
Ld. Berners.

Test, v. i. [L. testari. See Testament.] To make a testament, or will. [Obs.]

{ Test (?), ||Tes"ta (?), } n.; pl. E. Tests (#), L. Testæ (#). [L. testa a piece of burned clay, a broken piece of earthenware, a shell. See Test a cupel.] 1. (Zoöl.) The external hard or firm covering of many invertebrate animals.

&fist; The test of crustaceans and insects is composed largely of chitin; in mollusks it is composed chiefly of calcium carbonate, and is called the shell.

2. (Bot.) The outer integument of a seed; the episperm, or spermoderm.

Test"a*ble (?), a. [See Testament.] 1. Capable of being tested or proved.

2. Capable of being devised, or given by will.

||Tes*ta"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. testaceum a shelled anumal. See Testaceous.] (Zoöl.) Invertebrate animals covered with shells, especially mollusks; shellfish.

Tes*ta"cean (?), n. (Zoöl.) Onr of the Testacea.

Tes*ta`ce*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Testacea + -graphy: cf. F. testacéographie.] The science which treats of testaceans, or shellfish; the description of shellfish. [R.]

Tes*ta`ce*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Testacea + -logy: cf. F. testacéologie.] The science of testaceous mollusks; conchology. [R.]

Tes*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. testaceus, fr. testa a shell. See Testa.] 1. Of or pertaining to shells; consisted of a hard shell, or having a hard shell.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Having a dull red brick color or a brownish yellow color.

Testaceous animals (Zoöl.), animals having a firm, calcareous shell, as oysters and clams, thus distinguished from crustaceous animals, whose shells are more thin and soft, and consist of several joints, or articulations, as lobsters and crabs.

Tes"ta*cy (?), n. [See Testate.] (Law) The state or circumstance of being testate, or of leaving a valid will, or testament, at death.

Tes"ta*ment (?), n. [F., fr. L. testamentum, fr. testari to be a witness, to make one's last will, akin to testis a witness. Cf. Intestate, Testify.] 1. (Law) A solemn, authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his will as to disposal of his estate and effects after his death.

&fist; This is otherwise called a will, and sometimes a last will and testament. A testament, to be valid, must be made by a person of sound mind; and it must be executed and published in due form of law. A man, in certain cases, may make a valid will by word of mouth only. See Nuncupative will, under Nuncupative.

2. One of the two distinct revelations of God's purposes toward man; a covenant; also, one of the two general divisions of the canonical books of the sacred Scriptures, in which the covenants are respectively revealed; as, the Old Testament; the New Testament; -- often limited, in colloquial language, to the latter.

He is the mediator of the new testament . . . for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first testament.
Heb. ix. 15.

Holographic testament, a testament written wholly by the testator himself. Bouvier.

Tes`ta*men"tal (?), a. [L. testamentalis.] Of or pertaining to a testament; testamentary.

Thy testamental cup I take,
And thus remember thee.
J. Montgomery.

Tes`ta*men"ta*ry (?), a. [L. testamentarius: cf. F. testamentaire.] 1. Of or pertaining to a will, or testament; as, letters testamentary.

2. Bequeathed by will; given by testament.

How many testamentary charities have been defeated by the negligence or fraud of executors!
Atterbury.

3. Done, appointed by, or founded on, a testament, or will; as, a testamentary guardian of a minor, who may be appointed by the will of a father to act in that capacity until the child becomes of age.

Tes`ta*men*ta"tion (?), n. The act or power of giving by testament, or will. [R.] Burke.

Tes"ta*men*tize (?), v. i. To make a will. [Obs.] Fuller.

||Tes*ta"mur (?), n. [L., we testify, fr. testari to testify.] (Eng. Universities) A certificate of merit or proficiency; -- so called from the Latin words, Ita testamur, with which it commences.

Tes"tate (?), a. [L. testatus, p. p. of testari. See Testament.] (Law) Having made and left a will; as, a person is said to die testate. Ayliffe.

Tes"tate, n. (Law) One who leaves a valid will at death; a testate person. [R.]

Tes*ta"tion (?), n. [L. testatio.] A witnessing or witness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Tes*ta"tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. testateur.] (Law) A man who makes and leaves a will, or testament, at death.

Tes*ta"trix (?), n. [L.] (Law) A woman who makes and leaves a will at death; a female testator.

Tes"te (?), n. [So called fr. L. teste, abl. of testis a witness, because this was formerly the initial word in the clause.] (Law) (a) A witness. (b) The witnessing or concluding clause, duty attached; -- said of a writ, deed, or the like. Burrill.

Tes"ter (?), n. [OE. testere a headpiece, helmet, OF. testiere, F. têtière a head covering, fr. OF. teste the head, F. tête, fr. L. testa an earthen pot, the skull. See Test a cupel, and cf. Testière.] 1. A headpiece; a helmet. [Obs.]

The shields bright, testers, and trappures.
Chaucer.

2. A flat canopy, as over a pulpit or tomb. Oxf. Gross.

3. A canopy over a bed, supported by the bedposts.

No testers to the bed, and the saddles and portmanteaus heaped on me to keep off the cold.
Walpole.

Tes"ter, n. [For testern, teston, fr. F. teston, fr. OF. teste the head, the head of the king being impressed upon the coin. See Tester a covering, and cf. Testone, Testoon.] An old French silver coin, originally of the value of about eighteen pence, subsequently reduced to ninepence, and later to sixpence, sterling. Hence, in modern English slang, a sixpence; -- often contracted to tizzy. Called also teston. Shak.

Tes"tern (?), n. A sixpence; a tester. [Obs.]

Tes"tern, v. t. To present with a tester. [Obs.] Shak.

||Tes"tes (?), n., pl. of Teste, or of Testis.

||Tes`ti*car"di*nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Test a shell, and Cardo.] (Zoöl.) A division of brachiopods including those which have a calcareous shell furnished with a hinge and hinge teeth. Terebratula and Spirifer are examples.

Tes"ti*cle (?), n. [L. testiculus, dim. of testis a testicle, probably the same word as testis a witness, as being a witness to manhood. Cf. Test a witness.] (Anat.) One of the essential male genital glands which secrete the semen.

Tes"ti*cond (?), a. [L. testis testis + condere to hide.] (Zoöl.) Having the testicles naturally concealed, as in the case of the cetaceans.

Tes*tic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the testicle.

Tes*tic"u*late (?), a. [NL. testiculatus.] (Bot.) (a) Shaped like a testicle, ovate and solid. (b) Having two tubers resembling testicles in form, as some species of orchis.

||Tes`ti*ère" (?), n. [OF. testiere. See Tester a headpiece.] A piece of plate armor for the head of a war horse; a tester.

Tes"tif (?), a. [See Testy.] Testy; headstrong; obstinate. [Obs.]

Testif they were and lusty for to play.
Chaucer.

Tes`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. testificatio: cf. OF. testification. See Testify.] The act of testifying, or giving testimony or evidence; as, a direct testification of our homage to God. South.

Tes"ti*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [NL.] A testifier.

Tes"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who testifies; one who gives testimony, or bears witness to prove anything; a witness.

Tes"ti*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Testified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Testifying (?).] [OF. testifier, L. testificari; testis a witness + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy, and cf. Attest, Contest, Detest, Protest, Testament.] 1. To make a solemn declaration, verbal or written, to establish some fact; to give testimony for the purpose of communicating to others a knowledge of something not known to them.

Jesus . . . needed not that any should testify of man, for he knew what was in man.
John ii. 25.

2. (Law) To make a solemn declaration under oath or affirmation, for the purpose of establishing, or making proof of, some fact to a court; to give testimony in a cause depending before a tribunal.

One witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die.
Num. xxxv. 30.

3. To declare a charge; to protest; to give information; to bear witness; -- with against.

O Israel, . . . I will testify against thee.
Ps. l. 7.

I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals.
Neh. xiii. 15.

Tes"ti*fy, v. t. 1. To bear witness to; to support the truth of by testimony; to affirm or declare solemny.

We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness.
John iii. 11.

2. (Law) To affirm or declare under oath or affirmation before a tribunal, in order to prove some fact.

Tes"ti*fy, adv. In a testy manner; fretfully; peevishly; with petulance.

Tes`ti*mo"ni*al (?), n. [Cf. OF. testimoniale, LL. testimonialis, L. testimoniales (sc. litteræ). See Testimonial, a.] 1. A writing or certificate which bears testimony in favor of one's character, good conduct, ability, etc., or of the value of a thing.

2. Something, as money or plate, presented to a preson as a token of respect, or of obligation for services rendered.

Tes`ti*mo"ni*al, a. [L. testimonialis: cf. F. testimonial.] Relating to, or containing, testimony.

Tes"ti*mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Testimonies (#). [L. testimonium, from testis a witness: cf. OF. testimoine, testemoine, testimonie. See Testify.] 1. A solemn declaration or affirmation made for the purpose of establishing or proving some fact.

&fist; Such declaration, in judicial proceedings, may be verbal or written, but must be under oath or affirmation.

2. Affirmation; declaration; as, these doctrines are supported by the uniform testimony of the fathers; the belief of past facts must depend on the evidence of human testimony, or the testimony of historians.

3. Open attestation; profession.

[Thou] for the testimony of truth, hast borne
Universal reproach.
Milton.

4. Witness; evidence; proof of some fact.

When ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against them.
Mark vi. 11.

5. (Jewish Antiq.) The two tables of the law.

Thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee.
Ex. xxv. 16.

6. Hence, the whole divine revelation; the sacre&?; Scriptures.

The testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple.
Ps. xix. 7.

Syn. -- Proof; evidence; attestation; witness; affirmation; confirmation; averment. -- Testimony, Proof, Evidence. Proof is the most familiar, and is used more frequently (though not exclusively) of facts and things which occur in the ordinary concerns of life. Evidence is a word of more dignity, and is more generally applied to that which is moral or intellectual; as, the evidences of Christianity, etc. Testimony is what is deposed to by a witness on oath or affirmation. When used figuratively or in a wider sense, the word testimony has still a reference to some living agent as its author, as when we speak of the testimony of conscience, or of doing a thing in testimony of our affection, etc. Testimony refers rather to the thing declared, evidence to its value or effect. "To conform our language more to common use, we ought to divide arguments into demonstrations, proofs, and probabilities; ba proofs, meaning such arguments from experience as leave no room for doubt or opposition." Hume. "The evidence of sense is the first and highest kind of evidence of which human nature is capable." Bp. Wilkins. "The proof of everything must be by the testimony of such as the parties produce." Spenser.

Tes"ti*mo*ny (?), v. t. To witness; to attest; to prove by testimony. [Obs.] Shak.

Tes"ti*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being testy; fretfulness; petulance.

Testiness is a disposition or aptness to be angry.
Locke.

Test"ing (?), n. 1. The act of testing or proving; trial; proof.

2. (Metal.) The operation of refining gold or silver in a test, or cupel; cupellation.

Testing machine (Engin.), a machine used in the determination of the strength of materials, as iron, stone, etc., and their behavior under strains of various kinds, as elongation, bending, crushing, etc.

||Tes"tis (?), n.; pl. Testes (#). [L.] (Anat.) A testicle.

Tes"ton (?), n. A tester; a sixpence. [Obs.]

Tes*tone" (?), n. [Cf. Pg. testão, tostão. See Testoon.] A silver coin of Portugal, worth about sixpence sterling, or about eleven cents. Homans.

Tes*toon" (?), n. [It. testone. See Tester a coin.] An Italian silver coin. The testoon of Rome is worth 1s. 3d. sterling, or about thirty cents. Homans.

Tes*tu"di*nal (?), a. [See Testudo.] (Zoöl.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a tortoise.

Tes*tu`di*na"ri*ous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the shell of a tortoise; resembling a tortoise shell; having the color or markings of a tortoise shell.

||Tes*tu`di*na"ta (?), n. pl. [Nl. See Testudo.] (Zoöl.) An order of reptiles which includes the turtles and tortoises. The body is covered by a shell consisting of an upper or dorsal shell, called the carapace, and a lower or ventral shell, called the plastron, each of which consists of several plates.

{ Tes*tu"di*nate (?), Tes*tu"di*na`ted (?), } a. [L. testudinatus, fr. testudo, - inis, a tortoise, an arch or vault.] Resembling a tortoise shell in appearance or structure; roofed; arched; vaulted.

Tes`tu*din"e*ous (?), a. [L. testudineus.] Resembling the shell of a tortoise.

||Tes*tu"do (?), n.; pl. Testudines (#). [L., from testa the shell of shellfish, or of testaceous animals.] 1. (Zoöl.) A genus of tortoises which formerly included a large number of diverse forms, but is now restricted to certain terrestrial species, such as the European land tortoise (Testudo Græca) and the gopher of the Southern United States.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) A cover or screen which a body of troops formed with their shields or targets, by holding them over their heads when standing close to each other. This cover resembled the back of a tortoise, and served to shelter the men from darts, stones, and other missiles. A similar defense was sometimes formed of boards, and moved on wheels.

3. (Mus.) A kind of musical instrument. a species of lyre; -- so called in allusion to the lyre of Mercury, fabled to have been made of the shell of a tortoise.

Tes"ty (?), a. [Compar. Testier (?); superl. Testiest.] [OF. testu obstinate, headstrong, F. têtu, fr. OF. teste the head, F. tête. See Test a cupel.] Fretful; peevish; petulant; easily irritated.

Must I observe you? must I stand and crouch
Under your testy humor?
Shak.

I was displeased with myself; I was testy.
Latimer.

Te*tan"ic (?), a. [Cf. L. tetanicus suffering from tetanus, Gr. &?;, F. tétanique.] 1. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to tetanus; having the character of tetanus; as, a tetanic state; tetanic contraction.

This condition of muscle, this fusion of a number of simple spasms into an apparently smooth, continuous effort, is known as tetanus, or tetanic contraction.
Foster.

2. (Physiol. & Med.) Producing, or tending to produce, tetanus, or tonic contraction of the muscles; as, a tetanic remedy. See Tetanic, n.

Te*tan"ic (?), n. (Physiol. & Med.) A substance (notably nux vomica, strychnine, and brucine) which, either as a remedy or a poison, acts primarily on the spinal cord, and which, when taken in comparatively large quantity, produces tetanic spasms or convulsions.

Tet"a*nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A poisonous base (ptomaine) formed in meat broth through the agency of a peculiar microbe from the wound of a person who has died of tetanus; -- so called because it produces tetanus as one of its prominent effects.

Tet`a*ni*za"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The production or condition of tetanus.

Tet"a*nize (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To throw, as a muscle, into a state of permanent contraction; to cause tetanus in. See Tetanus, n., 2.

Tet"a*noid (?), a. [Tetanus + - oid.] (Med. & Physiol.) Resembling tetanus.

Tet`a*no*mo"tor (?), n. (Physiol.) An instrument from tetanizing a muscle by irritating its nerve by successive mechanical shocks.

||Tet"a*nus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; stretched, &?; to stretch.] 1. (Med.) A painful and usually fatal disease, resulting generally from a wound, and having as its principal symptom persistent spasm of the voluntary muscles. When the muscles of the lower jaw are affected, it is called locked-jaw, or lickjaw, and it takes various names from the various incurvations of the body resulting from the spasm.

2. (Physiol.) That condition of a muscle in which it is in a state of continued vibratory contraction, as when stimulated by a series of induction shocks.

Tet"a*ny (?), n. (Med.) A morbid condition resembling tetanus, but distinguished from it by being less severe and having intermittent spasms.

Te*tard" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A gobioid fish (Eleotris gyrinus) of the Southern United States; -- called also sleeper.

Te*tar`to*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. &?; fourth + &?; base.] (Crystallog.) Having one fourth the number of planes which are requisite to complete symmetry. -- Te*tar`to*he"dral*ly, adv.

Te*tar`to*he"drism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The property of being tetartohedral.

Te*taug" (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Tautog. [R.]

Tetch"i*ness, n. See Techiness.

Tetch"y (?), a. See Techy. Shak.

||Tête (?), n. [F., the head. See Tester a covering.] A kind of wig; false hair.

||Tête`-à-tête" (tāt`&adot;*tāt"), n. [F., head to head. See Tester a covering, Test a cupel.] 1. Private conversation; familiar interview or conference of two persons.

2. A short sofa intended to accomodate two persons.

||Tête`-à-tête", a. Private; confidential; familiar.

She avoided tête-à-tête walks with him.
C. Kingsley.

||Tête`-à-tête", adv. Face to face; privately or confidentially; familiarly. Prior.

||Tête`-de-pont" (tāt`de*pôN"), n.; pl. Têtes-de-pont (#). [F., head of a bridge.] (Mil.) A work thrown up at the end of a bridge nearest the enemy, for covering the communications across a river; a bridgehead.

Te*tel" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large African antelope (Alcelaphus tora). It has widely divergent, strongly ringed horns.

Teth"er (?), n. [Formerly tedder, OE. tedir; akin to LG. tider, tier, Icel. tjō&?;r, Dan. töir. √64.] A long rope or chain by which an animal is fastened, as to a stake, so that it can range or feed only within certain limits.

Teth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tethered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tethering.] To confine, as an animal, with a long rope or chain, as for feeding within certain limits.

And by a slender cord was tethered to a stone.
Wordsworth.

Te*thy"dan (?), n. [See Tethys.] (Zoöl.) A tunicate.

||Te`thy*o"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Tethys + Gr. &?; form.] (Zoöl.) A division of Tunicata including the common attached ascidians, both simple and compound. Called also Tethioidea.

Te"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an oyster, or &?; a kind of ascidian.] (Zoöl.) A genus of a large naked mollusks having a very large, broad, fringed cephalic disk, and branched dorsal gills. Some of the species become a foot long and are brilliantly colored.

Tet"ra- (?). [Gr. te`tra-, from te`sares, te`ttares, four. See Four.] 1. A combining form or prefix signifying four, as in tetrabasic, tetrapetalous.

2. (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting four proportional or combining parts of the substance or ingredient denoted by the term to which it is prefixed, as in tetra-chloride, tetroxide.

Tet`ra*bas"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing four molecules of a monacid base; having four hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by bases; quadribasic; -- said of certain acids; thus, normal silicic acid, Si(OH)4, is a tetrabasic acid.

Tet`ra*bor"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + boric.] (Chem.) Same as Pyroboric.

||Tet`ra*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.) An order of Cephalopoda having four gills. Among living species it includes only the pearly nautilus. Numerous genera and species are found in the fossil state, such as Ammonites, Baculites, Orthoceras, etc.

Tet`ra*bran`chi*ate (?), a. [Tetra + branchiate.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Tetrabranchiata. -- n. One of the Tetrabranchiata.

Tet`ra*car"pel (?), a. [Tetra- + carpellary.] (Bot.) Composed of four carpels.

Tet"ra*chord (?), n. [L. tetrachordon, Gr. &?;, from &?; four-stringed; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; a chord: cf. F. tétrachorde.] (Anc. Mus.) A scale series of four sounds, of which the extremes, or first and last, constituted a fourth. These extremes were immutable; the two middle sounds were changeable.

Tet`ra*chot"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. te`tracha in four parts + te`mnein to cut.] (Bot.) Having a division by fours; separated into four parts or series, or into series of fours.

Tet*rac"id (?), a. [Tetra + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing four molecules of a monobasic acid; having four hydrogen atoms capable of replacement ba acids or acid atoms; -- said of certain bases; thus, erythrine, C4H6(OH)4, is a tetracid alcohol.

Tet`ra*coc"cous (?), a. [See Tetra-, and Coccus.] (Bot.) Having four cocci, or carpels.

Tet`ra*co"lon (?), n. [Gr. &?; with four members; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; limb, member.] (Pros.) A stanza or division in lyric poetry, consisting of four verses or lines. Crabb.

||Te`tra*co*ral"la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Corallum.] (Paleon.) Same as Rugosa.

Te*trac`ti*nel"lid (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of sponge of the division Tetractinellida. Also used adjectively.

||Te*trac`ti*nel"li*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. te`tra- tetra- + &?;, &?;, ray, spoke.] (Zoöl.) A division of Spongiæ in which the spicules are siliceous and have four branches diverging at right angles. Called also Tetractinellinæ.

Tet"rad (?), n. [L. tetras, - adis, Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. tétrade.] 1. The number four; a collection of four things; a quaternion.

2. (Chem.) A tetravalent or quadrivalent atom or radical; as, carbon is a tetrad.

{ Tet`ra*dac"tyl, Tet`ra*dac"tyle } (?), a. [Cf. F. tétradactyle.] (Zoöl.) Tetradactylous.

Tet`ra*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; finger, toe.] (Zoöl.) Having, or characterized by, four digits to the foot or hand.

Tet`ra*dec"ane (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. &?; ten.] (Chem.) A light oily hydrocarbon, C14H30, of the marsh-gas series; -- so called from the fourteen carbon atoms in the molecule.

||Tet`ra*de*cap"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Decapoda.] (Zoöl.) Same as Arthrostraca.

Tet*rad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to a tetrad; possessing or having the characteristics of a tetrad; as, a carbon is a tetradic element.

Tet"ra*dite (?), n. [See Tetrad.] A person in some way remarkable with regard to the number four, as one born on the fourth day of the month, or one who reverenced four persons in the Godhead. Smart.

Tet"ra*don (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Tetrodon.

Tet"ra*dont (?), a. & n. (Zoöl.) See Tetrodont.

{ Tet"ra*drachm (?), ||Tet`ra*drach"ma (?), } n. [NL. tetradrachma, fr. Gr. tetra`drachmon; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + drachmh` drachm, drachma.] A silver coin among the ancient Greeks, of the value of four drachms. The Attic tetradrachm was equal to 3s. 3d. sterling, or about 76 cents.

Tet*rad"y*mite (?), n. [Gr. tetra`dymos fourfold. So named from its occurrence in compound twin crystals, or fourlings.] (Min.) A telluride of bismuth. It is of a pale steel-gray color and metallic luster, and usually occurs in foliated masses. Called also telluric bismuth.

||Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; power.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants having six stamens, four of which are longer than the others.

Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*an (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the order Tetradynamia.

{ Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*an (?), Tet`ra*dyn"a*mous (?), } a. (Bot.) Belonging to the order Tetradynamia; having six stamens, four of which are uniformly longer than the others.

Tet"ra*gon (?), n. [L. tetragonum, Gr. tetra`gwnon; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + gwni`a corner, angle: cf. F. tétragone.] 1. (Geom.) A plane figure having four sides and angles; a quadrangle, as a square, a rhombus, etc.

2. (Astrol.) An aspect of two planets with regard to the earth when they are distant from each other ninety degrees, or the fourth of a circle. Hutton.

Te*trag"o*nal (?), a. 1. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a tetragon; having four angles or sides; thus, the square, the parallelogram, the rhombus, and the trapezium are tetragonal fingers.

2. (Bot.) Having four prominent longitudinal angles.

3. (Crystallog.) Designating, or belonging to, a certain system of crystallization; dimetric. See Tetragonal system, under Crystallization.

||Tet`ra*gram"ma*ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; a letter.] The mystic number four, which was often symbolized to represent the Deity, whose name was expressed by four letters among some ancient nations; as, the Hebrew JeHoVaH, Greek qeo`s, Latin deus, etc.

||Tet`ra*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. te`tra- (see Tetra-) + gynh` a woman, female.] (Bot.) A Linnæan order of plants having four styles.

{ Tet`ra*gyn"i*an (?), Te*trag"y*nous (?), } a. (Bot.) Belonging to the order Tetragynia; having four styles.

Tet`ra*he"dral (?), a. [See Tetrahedron.] 1. Having, or composed of, four sides.

2. (Crystallog.) (a) Having the form of the regular tetrahedron. (b) Pertaining or related to a tetrahedron, or to the system of hemihedral forms to which the tetrahedron belongs.

Tetrahedral angle (Geom.), a solid angle bounded or inclosed by four plane angles.

Tet`ra*he"dral*ly, adv. In a tetrahedral manner.

Tet`ra*he"drite (?), n. [So called because the crystals of the species are commonly tetrahedrons.] (Min.) A sulphide of antimony and copper, with small quantities of other metals. It is a very common ore of copper, and some varieties yield a considerable presentage of silver. Called also gray copper ore, fahlore, and panabase.

Tet`ra*he"dron (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit.] (Geom.) A solid figure inclosed or bounded by four triangles.

&fist; In crystallography, the regular tetrahedron is regarded as the hemihedral form of the regular octahedron.

Regular tetrahedron (Geom.), a solid bounded by four equal equilateral triangles; one of the five regular solids.

Tet`ra*hex`a*he"dral (?), a. (Crystallog.) Pertaining to a tetrahexahedron.

Tet`ra*hex`a*he"dron (?), n. [Tetra- + hexahedron.] (Crystallog.) A solid in the isometric system, bounded by twenty-four equal triangular faces, four corresponding to each face of the cube.

Tet`ra*kis*hex`a*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. &?; four times + E. hexahedron.] (Crystallog.) A tetrahexahedron.

Tet"ra*ko*sane` (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. &?; twenty.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C24H50, resembling paraffin, and like it belonging to the marsh-gas series; -- so called from having twenty-four atoms of carbon in the molecule.

Te*tral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; a speech, discourse: cf. F. tétralogie.] (Gr. Drama) A group or series of four dramatic pieces, three tragedies and one satyric, or comic, piece (or sometimes four tragedies), represented consequently on the Attic stage at the Dionysiac festival.

&fist; A group or series of three tragedies, exhibited together without a fourth piese, was called a trilogy.

||Te*tram"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetramerous.] (Zoöl.) A division of Coleoptera having, apparently, only four tarsal joints, one joint being rudimentary.

Te*tram"er*ous (?), a. [Tetra- + Gr. &?; part.] 1. (Bot.) Having the parts arranged in sets of four; as, a tetramerous flower.

2. (Zoöl.) Having four joints in each of the tarsi; -- said of certain insects.

Te*tram"e*ter (?), n. [L. tetrametrus, Gr. &?;; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; a measure: cf. F. tétramètre.] (GR. & Latin Pros.) A verse or line consisting of four measures, that is, in iambic, trochaic, and anapestic verse, of eight feet; in other kinds of verse, of four feet.

Tet`ra*meth"yl*ene (?), n. [Tetra- + methylene.] (Chem.) (a) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C4H8, analogous to trimethylene, and regarded as the base of well-known series or derivatives. (b) Sometimes, an isomeric radical used to designate certain compounds which are really related to butylene.

Tet"ra*morph (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. &?; form, figure: cf. Gr. &?; fourfold.] (Christian Art) The union of the four attributes of the Evangelists in one figure, which is represented as winged, and standing on winged fiery wheels, the wings being covered with eyes. The representations of it are evidently suggested by the vision of Ezekiel (ch. i.)

||Te*tran"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?;, &?;, a man, male.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants having four stamens.

{ Te*tran"dri*an (?), Te*tran"drous (?), } a. (Bot.) Belonging to the class Tetrandria.

Te*tra"o*nid (?), n. [L. tetrao a heath cock, grouse, Gr. &?;: cf. F. tétraonide.] (Zoöl.) A bird belonging to the tribe of which the genus Tetrao is the type, as the grouse, partridge, quail, and the like. Used also adjectively.

Tet`ra*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Tetra- + petal.] (Bot.) Containing four distinct petals, or flower leaves; as, a tetrapetalous corolla.

{ Tet`ra*phar"ma*com (?), Tet`ra*phar"ma*cum (?) }, n. [NL. tetrapharmacon, L. tetrapharmacum, Gr. &?;; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; a drug.] (Med.) A combination of wax, resin, lard, and pitch, composing an ointment. Brande & C.

Tet`ra*phe"nol (?), n. [Tetra- + phenol.] (Chem.) Furfuran. [Obs.]

Te*traph"yl*lous (?), a. [Tetra- + Gr. &?; a leaf.] (Bot.) Having four leaves; consisting of four distinct leaves or leaflets.

||Tet"ra*pla (?), n.; etymologically pl., but syntactically sing. [NL., fr. Gr. tetraplo`os, tetraploy^s, fourfold.] A Bible consisting of four different Greek versions arranged in four columns by Origen; hence, any version in four languages or four columns.

||Tet`rap*neu"mo*na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Pneumo-.] (Zoöl.) A division of Arachnida including those spiders which have four lungs, or pulmonary sacs. It includes the bird spiders (Mygale) and the trapdoor spiders. See Mygale.

Tet`rap*nue*mo"ni*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Tetrapneumona.

Tet"ra*pod (?), n. [Gr. &?; fourfooted; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoöl.) An insect characterized by having but four perfect legs, as certain of the butterflies.

Te*trap"o*dy (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] A set of four feet; a measure or distance of four feet.

Te*trap"ter*an (?), n. [See Tetrapterous.] (Zoöl.) An insect having four wings.

Te*trap"ter*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; wing.] (Zoöl.) Having four wings.

Tet"rap*tote (?), n. [L. tetraptotum, Gr. &?;.] (Gram.) A noun that has four cases only. Andrews.

Te"trarch (?), n. [L. tetrarches, Gr. &?;, &?;; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; a ruler, &?; to lead; rule: cf. F. tétrarque. See Arch, a.] (Rom. Antiq.) A Roman governor of the fourth part of a province; hence, any subordinate or dependent prince; also, a petty king or sovereign.

Te"trarch, a. Four. [Obs.] Fuller.

Te*trarch"ate (?), n. [Cf. F. tétrarchat.] (Rom. Antiq.) A tetrarchy.

Te*trarch"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to a tetrarch or tetrarchy. Bolingbroke.

Tet"rarch*y (?), n.; pl. Tetrarchies (#). [L. tetrarchia, Gr. &?;: cf. F. tétrarchie.] (Rom. Antiq.) The district under a Roman tetrarch; the office or jurisdiction of a tetrarch; a tetrarchate.

Tet`ra*schis"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; divided into four parts; te`tra- tetra- + &?; to split.] (Biol.) Characterized by division into four parts.

Tet`ra*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Tetra- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having four sepals.

Tet`ra*spas"ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; to draw, pull.] (Mach.) A machine in which four pulleys act together. Brande & C.

Tet`ra*sper"mous (?), a. [Tetra- + Gr. &?; a seed.] (Bot.) Having four seeds.

Tetraspermous plant, a plant which produces four seeds in each flower.

Tet"ra*spore (?), n. [Tetra- + spore.] (Bot.) A nonsexual spore, one of a group of four regularly occurring in red seaweeds. -- Tet`ra*spor"ic (#), a.

Te*tras"tich (?), n. [L. tetrastichon, Gr. &?;; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; a row, verse.] A stanza, epigram, or poem, consisting of four verses or lines. Pope.

Tet"ra*style (?), a. [L. tetrastylon, Gr. &?; with four pillars in front; te`tra- (see Tetra-) + &?; a column.] (Arch.) Having four columns in front; -- said of a temple, portico, or colonnade. -- n. A tetrastyle building.

{ Tet`ra*syl*lab"ic (?), Tet`ra*syl*lab"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. tétrasyllabique.] Consisting of, or having, four syllables; quadrisyllabic.

Tet"ra*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Tetra- + syllable: cf. Gr. &?; of four syllables.] A word consisting of four syllables; a quadrisyllable.

Tet`ra*the"cal (?), a. [Tetra- + thecal.] (Bot.) Having four loculaments, or thecæ.

Tet`ra*thi"on*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tetrathionic acid.

Tet`ra*thi*on"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + thionic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a thionic derivative, H2S4O6, of sulphuric acid, obtained as a colorless, odorless liquid.

Tet`ra*tom"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Consisting of four atoms; having four atoms in the molecule, as phosphorus and arsenic. (b) Having a valence of four; quadrivalent; tetravalent; sometimes, in a specific sense, having four hydroxyl groups, whether acid or basic.

Te*trav"a*lence (?), n. (Chem.) The quality or state of being tetravalent; quadrivalence.

Te*trav"a*lent (?), a. [Tetra- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr.] (Chem.) Having a valence of four; tetratomic; quadrivalent.

Te*trax"ile (?), a. [Tetra- + axile.] (Zoöl.) Having four branches diverging at right angles; -- said of certain spicules of sponges.

Tet*raz"o- (?), a. [Tetra- + azo- .] (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively), designating any one of a series of double derivatives of the azo and diazo compounds containing four atoms of nitrogen.

Tet"ra*zone (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of a certain series of basic compounds containing a chain of four nitrogen atoms; for example, ethyl tetrazone, (C2H5)2N. N2.N(C2H5)2, a colorless liquid having an odor of leeks.

{ Tet"ric (?), Tet"ri*cal (?), } a. [L. tetricus, taetricus, from teter, taeter, offensive, foul.] Forward; perverse; harsh; sour; rugged. [Obs.] -- Tet"ric*al*ness, n.

Te*tric"i*ty (?), n. [L. tetricitas, taetricitas.] Crabbedness; perverseness. [Obs.]

Tet"ric*ous (?), a. Tetric. [Obs.]

Te*trin"ic (?), a. [See Tetra-.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex ketonic acid, C5H6O3, obtained as a white crystalline substance; -- so called because once supposed to contain a peculiar radical of four carbon atoms. Called also acetyl-acrylic acid.

Tet"ro*don (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. &?;, &?;, tooth.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of plectognath fishes belonging to Tetrodon and allied genera. Each jaw is furnished with two large, thick, beaklike, bony teeth. [Written also tetradon.]

&fist; The skin is usually spinous, and the belly is capable of being greatly distended by air or water. It includes the swellfish, puffer (a), and similar species.

Tet"ro*dont (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the tetrodons. -- n. A tetrodon. [Written also tetradont, and tetraodont.]

Tet"rol (?), n. [Tetra- + benzol.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C4H4, analogous to benzene; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule.

Tetrol phenol, furfuran. [Obs.]

Tet*rol"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C3H3.CO2H, of the acetylene series, homologous with propiolic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Tet*rox"ide (?), n. [Tetra- + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide having four atoms of oxygen in the molecule; a quadroxide; as, osmium tetroxide, OsO&?;.

Tet"ryl (?), n. [Tetra- + -yl.] (Chem.) Butyl; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule.

Tet"ryl*ene (?), n. [Tetra- + ethylene.] (Chem.) Butylene; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule.

Tet"ter (?), n. [OE. teter, AS. teter, tetr; akin to G. zitter, zittermal, OHG. zittaroch, Skr. dadru, dadruka, a sort of skin disease. √63, 240.] (Med.) A vesicular disease of the skin; herpes. See Herpes.

Honeycomb tetter (Med.), favus. -- Moist tetter (Med.), eczema. -- Scaly tetter (Med.), psoriasis. -- Tetter berry (Bot.), the white bryony.

Tet"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tettered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tettering.] To affect with tetter. Shak.

Tet"ter*ous (?), a. Having the character of, or pertaining to, tetter.

Tet"ter-tot`ter (?), n. [See Teeter.] A certain game of children; seesaw; -- called also titter- totter, and titter-cum-totter.

Tet"ter*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant used as a remedy for tetter, -- in England the calendine, in America the bloodroot.

Tet`ti*go"ni*an (?), n. [Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; a kind of grasshopper.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Hemiptera belonging to Tettigonia and allied genera; a leaf hopper.

Tet"tish (?), a. [Cf. Testy.] Captious; testy. [Written also teatish.] [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

||Tet"tix (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of grasshopper.] 1. (Zoöl.) The cicada. [Obs. or R.]

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of small grasshoppers.

Tet"ty (?), a. Testy; irritable. [Obs.] Burton.

Teu"fit (?), n. (Zoöl.) The lapwing; -- called also teuchit. [Prov. Eng.]

Teuk (?), n. (Zoöl.) The redshank. [Prov. Eng.]

Teu"ton (?), n.; pl. E. Teutons (#), L. Teutones (#). [L. Teutones, Teutoni, the name of a Germanic people, probably akin to E. Dutch. Cf. Dutch.] 1. One of an ancient German tribe; later, a name applied to any member of the Germanic race in Europe; now used to designate a German, Dutchman, Scandinavian, etc., in distinction from a Celt or one of a Latin race.

2. A member of the Teutonic branch of the Indo- European, or Aryan, family.

Teu*ton"ic (?), a. [L. Teutonicus, from Teutoni, or Teutones. See Teuton.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Teutons, esp. the ancient Teutons; Germanic.

2. Of or pertaining to any of the Teutonic languages, or the peoples who speak these languages.

Teutonic languages, a group of languages forming a division of the Indo-European, or Aryan, family, and embracing the High German, Low German, Gothic, and Scandinavian dialects and languages. - - Teutonic order, a military religious order of knights, established toward the close of the twelfth century, in imitation of the Templars and Hospitalers, and composed chiefly of Teutons, or Germans. The order rapidly increased in numbers and strength till it became master of all Prussia, Livonia, and Pomerania. In its decay it was abolished by Napoleon; but it has been revived as an honorary order.

Teu*ton"ic (?), n. The language of the ancient Germans; the Teutonic languages, collectively.

Teu*ton"i*cism (?), n. A mode of speech peculiar to the Teutons; a Teutonic idiom, phrase, or expression; a Teutonic mode or custom; a Germanism.

Tew (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tewed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tewing.] [OE. tewen, tawen. √64. See Taw, v.] 1. To prepare by beating or working, as leather or hemp; to taw.

2. Hence, to beat; to scourge; also, to pull about; to maul; to tease; to vex. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Tew, v. i. To work hard; to strive; to fuse. [Local]

Tew, v. t. [Cf. Taw to tow, Tow, v. t.] To tow along, as a vessel. [Obs.] Drayton.

Tew, n. A rope or chain for towing a boat; also, a cord; a string. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Te"wan (?), n. (Ethnol.) A tribe of American Indians including many of the Pueblos of New Mexico and adjacent regions.

Tewed (?), a. Fatigued; worn with labor or hardship. [Obs. or Local] Mir. for Mag.

Tew"el (?), n. [OE. tuel, OF. tuiel, tuel, F. tuyau; of Teutonic origin; cf. Dan. tud, D. tuit, Prov. G. zaute. Cf. Tuyère.] 1. A pipe, funnel, or chimney, as for smoke. Chaucer.

2. The tuyère of a furnace.

Te"whit (?), n. (Zoöl.) The lapwing; -- called also teewheep. [Prov. Eng.]

Tew"taw (?), v. t. [See Tew, v. t.] To beat; to break, as flax or hemp. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Tex"as (?), n. A structure on the hurricane deck of a steamer, containing the pilot house, officers' cabins, etc. [Western U. S.] Knight.

Text (t&ebreve;kst), n. [F. texte, L. textus, texture, structure, context, fr. texere, textum, to weave, construct, compose; cf. Gr. te`ktwn carpenter, Skr. taksh to cut, carve, make. Cf. Context, Mantle, n., Pretext, Tissue, Toil a snare.] 1. A discourse or composition on which a note or commentary is written; the original words of an author, in distinction from a paraphrase, annotation, or commentary. Chaucer.

2. (O. Eng. Law) The four Gospels, by way of distinction or eminence. [R.]

3. A verse or passage of Scripture, especially one chosen as the subject of a sermon, or in proof of a doctrine.

How oft, when Paul has served us with a text,
Has Epictetus, Plato, Tully, preached!
Cowper.

4. Hence, anything chosen as the subject of an argument, literary composition, or the like; topic; theme.

5. A style of writing in large characters; text- hand also, a kind of type used in printing; as, German text.

Text blindness. (Physiol.) See Word blindness, under Word. -- Text letter, a large or capital letter. [Obs.] -- Text pen, a kind of metallic pen used in engrossing, or in writing text- hand.

Text, v. t. To write in large characters, as in text hand. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Text"-book` (?), n. 1. A book with wide spaces between the lines, to give room for notes.

2. A volume, as of some classical author, on which a teacher lectures or comments; hence, any manual of instruction; a schoolbook.

Text"-hand` (?), n. A large hand in writing; -- so called because it was the practice to write the text of a book in a large hand and the notes in a smaller hand.

Tex"tile (?), a. [L. textilis, fr. texere to weave: cf. F. textile. See Text.] Pertaining to weaving or to woven fabrics; as, textile arts; woven, capable of being woven; formed by weaving; as, textile fabrics.

Textile cone (Zoöl.), a beautiful cone shell (Conus textilis) in which the colors are arranged so that they resemble certain kinds of cloth.

Tex"tile, n. That which is, or may be, woven; a fabric made by weaving. Bacon.

Text"man (?), n.; pl. Textmen (&?;). One ready in quoting texts. [R.] Bp. Sanderston.

Tex*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. textorius, fr. textor a weaver, fr. texere, textum, to weave.] Of or pertaining to weaving. T. Warton.

Tex"trine (?), a. [L. textrinus, for textorinus, fr. textor a weaver.] Of or pertaining to weaving, textorial; as, the textrine art. Denham.

Tex"tu*al (?), a. [OE. textuel, F. textuel.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or contained in, the text; as, textual criticism; a textual reading. Milton.

2. Serving for, or depending on, texts. Bp. Hall.

3. Familiar with texts or authorities so as to cite them accurately. "I am not textuel." Chaucer.

Tex"tu*al*ist, n. A textman; a textuary. Lightfoot.

Tex"tu*al*ly, adv. In a textual manner; in the text or body of a work; in accordance with the text.

Tex"tu*a*rist (?), n. A textuary. [R.]

Tex"tu*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. textuaire.] 1. Contained in the text; textual. Sir T. Browne.

2. Serving as a text; authoritative. Glanvill.

Tex"tu*a*ry, n. [Cf. F. textuaire.] 1. One who is well versed in the Scriptures; a textman. Bp. Bull.

2. One who adheres strictly or rigidly to the text.

Tex"tu*el (?), a. Textual. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tex"tu*ist, n. A textualist; a textman. [Obs.]

The crabbed textualists of his time.
Milton.

Tex"tur*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to texture.

Tex"ture (?), n. [L. textura, fr. texere, textum, to weave: cf. F. texture. See Text.] 1. The act or art of weaving. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. That which woven; a woven fabric; a web. Milton.

Others, apart far in the grassy dale,
Or roughening waste, their humble texture weave.
Thomson.

3. The disposition or connection of threads, filaments, or other slender bodies, interwoven; as, the texture of cloth or of a spider's web.

4. The disposition of the several parts of any body in connection with each other, or the manner in which the constituent parts are united; structure; as, the texture of earthy substances or minerals; the texture of a plant or a bone; the texture of paper; a loose or compact texture.

5. (Biol.) A tissue. See Tissue.

Tex"ture (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Textured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Texturing.] To form a texture of or with; to interweave. [R.]

Tex"tur*y (?), n. The art or process of weaving; texture. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Teyne (?), n. [See Tain.] A thin plate of metal. [Obs.] "A teyne of silver." Chaucer.

Th. In Old English, the article the, when the following word began with a vowel, was often written with elision as if a part of the word. Thus in Chaucer, the forms thabsence, tharray, thegle, thend, thingot, etc., are found for the absence, the array, the eagle, the end, etc.

{ Thack (?), Thack"er (?) }. See Thatch, Thatcher. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Thak (?), v. t. To thwack. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Thal`a*men*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL. See Thalamus, and Encephalon.] (Anat.) The segment of the brain next in front of the midbrain, including the thalami, pineal gland, and pituitary body; the diencephalon; the interbrain.

Tha*lam"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a thalamus or to thalami.

{ Thal`a*mi*flo"ral (?), Thal`a*mi*flo"rous (?), } a. [See Thalamus, and Floral.] (Bot.) Bearing the stamens directly on the receptacle; -- said of a subclass of polypetalous dicotyledonous plants in the system of De Candolle.

Thal"a*mo*cœle` (?), n. [Thalamic + Gr. koi^los hollow.] (Anat.) The cavity or ventricle of the thalamencephalon; the third ventricle.

||Thal`a*moph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. qa`lamos chamber + &?; to bear.] (Zoöl.) Same as Foraminifera.

||Thal"a*mus (?), n.; pl. Thalami (#). [L. thalamus chamber, Gr. qa`lamos.] 1. (Anat.) A mass of nervous matter on either side of the third ventricle of the brain; -- called also optic thalamus.

2. (Bot.) (a) Same as Thallus. (b) The receptacle of a flower; a torus.

Tha*las"si*an (?), n. [From Gr. &?; the sea.] (Zoöl.) Any sea tortoise.

Tha*las"sic (?), a. [Gr. &?; the sea.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the sea; -- sometimes applied to rocks formed from sediments deposited upon the sea bottom.

Thal`as*sin"i*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Thalaassinidæ, a family of burrowing macrurous Crustacea, having a long and soft abdomen.

Thal`as*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; sea + -graphy.] The study or science of the life of marine organisms. Agassiz.

||Tha"ler (?), n. [G. See Dollar.] A German silver coin worth about three shillings sterling, or about 73 cents.

Tha*li"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Qa`leia, originally, blooming, luxuriant, akin to qa`llein to be luxuriant.] (Class. Myth.) (a) That one of the nine Muses who presided over comedy. (b) One of the three Graces. (c) One of the Nereids.

||Tha`li*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Thalia.] (Zoöl.) A division of Tunicata comprising the free-swimming species, such as Salpa and Doliolum.

Tha*li"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thalia; hence, of or pertaining to comedy; comic.

Thal"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of a hypothetical thallic acid.

Thal"lene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar residues, and remarkable for its intense yellowish green fluorescence.

Thal"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to thallium; derived from, or containing, thallium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with the thallous compounds; as, thallic oxide.

Thal"line (?), a. (Bot.) Consisting of a thallus.

Thal"line (?), n. [Gr. &?; a young shoot or branch.] (Chem.) An artificial alkaloid of the quinoline series, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C10H13NO, whose salts are valuable as antipyretics; - - so called from the green color produced in its solution by certain oxidizing agents.

Thal"li*ous (?), a. (Chem.) See Thallous.

Thal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; young or green shoot or branch, twig. So called from a characteristic bright green line in its spectrum.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the aluminium group found in some minerals, as certain pyrites, and also in the lead-chamber deposit in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. It is isolated as a heavy, soft, bluish white metal, easily oxidized in moist air, but preserved by keeping under water. Symbol Tl. Atomic weight 203.7.

Thal"lo*gen (?), n. [Gr. &?; young shoot or branch, frond + -gen.] (Bot.) One of a large class or division of the vegetable kingdom, which includes those flowerless plants, such as fungi, algæ, and lichens, that consist of a thallus only, composed of cellular tissue, or of a congeries of cells, or even of separate cells, and never show a distinction into root, stem, and leaf.

Thal"loid (?), a. [Thallus + - oid.] (Bot.) Resembling, or consisting of, thallus.

Thal"lo*phyte (?), n. [Gr. &?; young shoot + &?; plant.] (Bot.) Same as Thallogen.

Thal"lous (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to thallium; derived from, or containing, thallium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with the thallic compounds. [Written also thallious.]

||Thal"lus (?), n.; pl. Thalli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; young shoot or branch, frond.] (Bot.) A solid mass of cellular tissue, consisting of one or more layers, usually in the form of a flat stratum or expansion, but sometimes erect or pendulous, and elongated and branching, and forming the substance of the thallogens.

{ Tham"muz (?), Tam"muz (?), } n. [Heb. thammūz.] 1. A deity among the ancient Syrians, in honor of whom the Hebrew idolatresses held an annual lamentation. This deity has been conjectured to be the same with the Phœnician Adon, or Adonis. Milton.

2. The fourth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, -- supposed to correspond nearly with our month of July.

Tham"no*phile (?), n. [Gr. qa`mnos a bush + fi`los loving.] (Zoöl.) A bush shrike.

||Tha"myn (?), n. (Zoöl.) An Asiatic deer (Rucervus Eldi) resembling the swamp deer; -- called also Eld's deer.

Than (&thlig;ăn), conj. [OE. than, thon, then, thanne, thonne, thenne, than, then, AS. ðanne, ðonne, ðænne; akin to D. dan, OHG. danne, G. dann then, denn than, for, Goth. þan then, and to E. the, there, that. See That, and cf. Then.] A particle expressing comparison, used after certain adjectives and adverbs which express comparison or diversity, as more, better, other, otherwise, and the like. It is usually followed by the object compared in the nominative case. Sometimes, however, the object compared is placed in the objective case, and than is then considered by some grammarians as a preposition. Sometimes the object is expressed in a sentence, usually introduced by that; as, I would rather suffer than that you should want.

Behold, a greater than Solomon is here.
Matt. xii. 42.

Which when Beelzebub perceived, than whom,
Satan except, none higher sat.
Milton.

It's wiser being good than bad;
It's safer being meek than fierce;
It's fitter being sane than mad.
R. Browning.

Than, adv. Then. See Then. [Obs.] Gower.

Thanne longen folk to gon on pilgrimages.
Chaucer.

Than"age (?), n. The district in which a thane anciently had jurisdiction; thanedom.

Than"a*toid (?), a. [Gr. qa`natos death + -oid.] Deathlike; resembling death. Dunglison.

Than`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. qa`natos + -logy.] A description, or the doctrine, of death. Dunglison.

Than`a*top"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. qa`natos death + 'o`psis view.] A view of death; a meditation on the subject of death. Bryant.

Thane (thān), n. [OE. thein, þein, AS. þegen, þegn; akin to OHG. degan a follower, warrior, boy, MHG. degen a hero, G. degen hero, soldier, Icel. þegn a thane, a freeman; probably akin to Gr. te`knon a child, ti`ktein to bear, beget, or perhaps to Goth. þius servant, AS. þeów, G. dienen to serve.] A dignitary under the Anglo-Saxons and Danes in England. Of these there were two orders, the king's thanes, who attended the kings in their courts and held lands immediately of them, and the ordinary thanes, who were lords of manors and who had particular jurisdiction within their limits. After the Conquest, this title was disused, and baron took its place.

&fist; Among the ancient Scots, thane was a title of honor, which seems gradually to have declined in its significance. Jamieson.

Thane"dom (?), n. The property or jurisdiction of a thane; thanage. Sir W. Scott.

Thane"hood (?), n. The character or dignity of a thane; also, thanes, collectively. J. R. Green.

Thane"ship, n. The state or dignity of a thane; thanehood; also, the seignioralty of a thane.

Thank (thă&nsmac;k), n.; pl. Thanks (#). [AS. þanc, þonc, thanks, favor, thought; akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel. þökk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. þagks thanks; -- originally, a thought, a thinking. See Think.] A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. "This ceremonial thanks." Massinger.

If ye do good to them which do good to you, what thank have ye? for sinners also do even the same.
Luke vi. 33.

What great thank, then, if any man, reputed wise and constant, will neither do, nor permit others under his charge to do, that which he approves not, especially in matter of sin?
Milton.

Thanks, thanks to thee, most worthy friend,
For the lesson thou hast taught.
Longfellow.

His thanks, Her thanks, etc., of his or her own accord; with his or her good will; voluntary. [Obs.]

Full sooth is said that love ne lordship,
Will not, his thanks, have no fellowship.
Chaucer.

-- In thank, with thanks or thankfulness. [Obs.] -- Thank offering, an offering made as an expression of thanks.

Thank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thanking.] [AS. þancian. See Thank, n.] To express gratitude to (anyone) for a favor; to make acknowledgments to (anyone) for kindness bestowed; -- used also ironically for blame.

"Graunt mercy, lord, that thank I you," quod she.
Chaucer.

I thank thee for thine honest care.
Shak.

Weigh the danger with the doubtful bliss,
And thank yourself if aught should fall amiss.
Dryden.

Thank"ful (?), a. [AS. þancfull.] 1. Obtaining or deserving thanks; thankworthy. [R.]

Ladies, look here; this is the thankful glass
That mends the looker's eyes; this is the well
That washes what it shows.
Herbert.

2. Impressed with a sense of kindness received, and ready to acknowledge it; grateful.

Be thankful unto him, and bless his name.
Ps. c. 4.

-- Thank"ful*ly, adv. -- Thank"ful*ness, n.

Thank"less, a. 1. Not acknowledging favors; not expressing thankfulness; unthankful; ungrateful.

That she may feel
How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is
To have a thankless child!
Shak.

2. Not obtaining or deserving thanks; unacceptable; as, a thankless task.

To shepherd thankless, but by thieves that love the night allowed.
Chapman.

-- Thank"less*ly (#), adv. -- Thank"less*ness, n.

Thank"ly, adv. Thankfully. [Obs.] Sylvester (Du Bartas).

Thanks"give (?), v. t. To give or dedicate in token of thanks. [Obs. or R.] Mede.

Thanks"giv`er (?), n. One who gives thanks, or acknowledges a kindness. Barrow.

Thanks"giv`ing (?), n. 1. The act of rending thanks, or expressing gratitude for favors or mercies.

Every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be received with thanksgiving.
1 Tim. iv. 4.

In the thanksgiving before meat.
Shak.

And taught by thee the Church prolongs
Her hymns of high thanksgiving still.
Keble.

2. A public acknowledgment or celebration of divine goodness; also, a day set apart for religious services, specially to acknowledge the goodness of God, either in any remarkable deliverance from calamities or danger, or in the ordinary dispensation of his bounties.

&fist; In the United States it is now customary for the President by proclamation to appoint annually a day (usually the last Thursday in November) of thanksgiving and praise to God for the mercies of the past year. This is an extension of the custom long prevailing in several States in which an annual Thanksgiving day has been appointed by proclamation of the governor.

Thank"wor`thi*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being thankworthy.

Thank"wor`thy (?), a. Deserving thanks; worthy of gratitude; mreitorious.

For this thankworthy, if a man, for conscience toward God, endure grief, suffering wrongfully.
1 Pet. ii. 19.

Thar (?), n. (Zoöl.) A goatlike animal (Capra Jemlaica) native of the Himalayas. It has small, flattened horns, curved directly backward. The hair of the neck, shoulders, and chest of the male is very long, reaching to the knees. Called also serow, and imo. [Written also thaar, and tahr.]

Thar, v. impersonal, pres. [OE. thar, þarf, AS. þearf, infin. þurfan to need; akin to OHG. durfan, G. dürfen to be allowed, Icel. þurfa to need, Goth. þaúrban.] It needs; need. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

What thar thee reck or care?
Chaucer.

Tharms (?), n. pl. [AS. þearm a gut; akin to D. & G. darm, Icel. þarmr, Sw. & Dan. tarm. √53.] Twisted guts. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ascham.

Tha"ros (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small American butterfly (Phycoides tharos) having the upper surface of the wings variegated with orange and black, the outer margins black with small white crescents; -- called also pearl crescent.

That (?), pron., a., conj., & adv. [AS. ðæt, neuter nom. & acc. sing. of the article (originally a demonstrative pronoun). The nom. masc. sē, and the nom. fem. seó are from a different root. AS. ðæt is akin to D. dat, G. das, OHG. daz, Sw. & Dan. det, Icel. þat (masc. sā, fem. sō), Goth. þata (masc. sa, fem. sō), Gr. &?; (masc. &?;, fem. &?;), Skr. tat (for tad, masc. sas, fem. sā); cf. L. istud that. √184. Cf. The, Their, They, Them, This, Than, Since.] 1. As a demonstrative pronoun (pl. Those), that usually points out, or refers to, a person or thing previously mentioned, or supposed to be understood. That, as a demonstrative, may precede the noun to which it refers; as, that which he has said is true; those in the basket are good apples.

The early fame of Gratian was equal to that of the most celebrated princes.
Gibbon.

&fist; That may refer to an entire sentence or paragraph, and not merely to a word. It usually follows, but sometimes precedes, the sentence referred to.

That be far from thee, to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked.
Gen. xviii. 25.

And when Moses heard that, he was content.
Lev. x. 20.

I will know your business, Harry, that I will.
Shak.

&fist; That is often used in opposition to this, or by way of distinction, and in such cases this, like the Latin hic and French ceci, generally refers to that which is nearer, and that, like Latin ille and French cela, to that which is more remote. When they refer to foreign words or phrases, this generally refers to the latter, and that to the former.

Two principles in human nature reign;
Self-love, to urge, and Reason, to restrain;
Nor this a good, nor that a bad we call.
Pope.

If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this or that.
James iv. 16.

2. As an adjective, that has the same demonstrative force as the pronoun, but is followed by a noun.

It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city.
Matt. x. 15.

The woman was made whole from that hour.
Matt. ix. 22.

&fist; That was formerly sometimes used with the force of the article the, especially in the phrases that one, that other, which were subsequently corrupted into th'tone, th'tother (now written t'other).

Upon a day out riden knightes two . . .
That one of them came home, that other not.
Chaucer.

3. As a relative pronoun, that is equivalent to who or which, serving to point out, and make definite, a person or thing spoken of, or alluded to, before, and may be either singular or plural.

He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself shame.
Prov. ix. 7.

A judgment that is equal and impartial must incline to the greater probabilities.
Bp. Wilkins.

&fist; If the relative clause simply conveys an additional idea, and is not properly explanatory or restrictive, who or which (rarely that) is employed; as, the king that (or who) rules well is generally popular; Victoria, who (not that) rules well, enjoys the confidence of her subjects. Ambiguity may in some cases be avoided in the use of that (which is restrictive) instead of who or which, likely to be understood in a coördinating sense. Bain.

That was formerly used for that which, as what is now; but such use is now archaic.

We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen.
John iii. 11.

That I have done it is thyself to wite [blame].
Chaucer.

That, as a relative pronoun, cannot be governed by a preposition preceding it, but may be governed by one at the end of the sentence which it commences.

The ship that somebody was sailing in.
Sir W. Scott.

In Old English, that was often used with the demonstratives he, his, him, etc., and the two together had the force of a relative pronoun; thus, that he = who; that his = whose; that him = whom.

I saw to-day a corpse yborn to church
That now on Monday last I saw him wirche [work].
Chaucer.

Formerly, that was used, where we now commonly use which, as a relative pronoun with the demonstrative pronoun that as its antecedent.

That that dieth, let it die; and that that is to cut off, let it be cut off.
Zech. xi. 9.

4. As a conjunction, that retains much of its force as a demonstrative pronoun. It is used, specifically: --

(a) To introduce a clause employed as the object of the preceding verb, or as the subject or predicate nominative of a verb.

She tells them 't is a causeless fantasy,
And childish error, that they are afraid.
Shak.

I have shewed before, that a mere possibility to the contrary, can by no means hinder a thing from being highly credible.
Bp. Wilkins.

(b) To introduce, a reason or cause; -- equivalent to for that, in that, for the reason that, because.

He does hear me;
And that he does, I weep.
Shak.

(c) To introduce a purpose; -- usually followed by may, or might, and frequently preceded by so, in order, to the end, etc.

These things I say, that ye might be saved.
John v. 34.

To the end that he may prolong his days.
Deut. xvii. 20.

(d) To introduce a consequence, result, or effect; -- usually preceded by so or such, sometimes by that.

The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds
Attest their joy, that hill and valley rings.
Milton.

He gazed so long
That both his eyes were dazzled.
Tennyson.

(e) To introduce a clause denoting time; -- equivalent to in which time, at which time, when.

So wept Duessa until eventide,
That shining lamps in Jove's high course were lit.
Spenser.

Is not this the day
That Hermia should give answer of her choice?
Shak.

(f) In an elliptical sentence to introduce a dependent sentence expressing a wish, or a cause of surprise, indignation, or the like.

Ha, cousin Silence, that thou hadst seen that that this knight and I have seen!
Shak.

O God, that right should thus overcome might!
Shak.

&fist; That was formerly added to other conjunctions or to adverbs to make them emphatic.

To try if that our own be ours or no.
Shak.

That is sometimes used to connect a clause with a preceding conjunction on which it depends.

When he had carried Rome and that we looked
For no less spoil than glory.
Shak.

5. As adverb: To such a degree; so; as, he was that frightened he could say nothing. [Archaic or in illiteral use.]

All that, everything of that kind; all that sort.

With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that.
Pope.

The rank is but the guinea's stamp,
The man's the gowd [gold] for a'that.
Burns.

-- For that. See under For, prep. -- In that. See under In, prep.

Thatch (?), n. [OE. thak, AS. þæc a roof; akin to þeccean to cover, D. dak a roof, dekken to cover, G. dach a roof, decken 8cover, Icel. þak a roof, Sw. tak, Dan. tag, Lith. stōgas, Ir. teagh a house, Gael. teach, tigh, W. ty, L. tegere to cover, toga a toga, Gr. &?;, &?;, a roof, &?; to cover, Skr. sthag. Cf. Deck, Integument, Tile, Toga.] 1. Straw, rushes, or the like, used for making or covering the roofs of buildings, or of stacks of hay or grain.

2. (Bot.) A name in the West Indies for several kinds of palm, the leaves of which are used for thatching.

Thatch sparrow, the house sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]

Thatch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thatched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thatching.] [From Thatch, n.: cf. OE. thecchen, AS. &?;eccean to cover.] To cover with, or with a roof of, straw, reeds, or some similar substance; as, to thatch a roof, a stable, or a stack of grain.

Thatch"er (?), n. One who thatches.

Thatch"ing, n. 1. The act or art of covering buildings with thatch; so as to keep out rain, snow, etc.

2. The materials used for this purpose; thatch.

Thaught (?), n. (Naut.) See Thwart.

Thau`ma*tol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a wonder + &?; worship.] Worship or undue admiration of wonderful or miraculous things. [R.]

The thaumatolatry by which our theology has been debased for more than a century.
Hare.

Thau"ma*trope (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wonder + &?; to turn.] (Opt.) An optical instrument or toy for showing the presistence of an impression upon the eyes after the luminous object is withdrawn.

&fist; It consists of a card having on its opposite faces figures of two different objects, or halves of the same object, as a bird and a cage, which, when the card is whirled rapidlz round a diameter by the strings that hold it, appear to the eye combined in a single picture, as of a bird in its cage.

Thau"ma*turge (?), n. [See Thaumaturgus.] A magician; a wonder worker. Lowell.

{ Thau`ma*tur"gic (?), Thau`ma*tur"gic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to thaumaturgy; magical; wonderful. Burton.

Thau`ma*tur"gics (?), n. Feats of legerdemain, or magical performances.

Thau`ma*tur"gist (?), n. One who deals in wonders, or believes in them; a wonder worker. Carlyle.

||Thau`ma*tur"gus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; wonder-working; &?; a wonder + &?; work.] A miracle worker; -- a title given by the Roman Catholics to some saints.

Thau"ma*tur`gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The act or art of performing something wonderful; magic; legerdemain. T. Warton.

Thave (?), n. Same as Theave. [Prov. Eng.]

Thaw (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thawing.] [AS. þāwian, þāwan; akin to D. dovijen, G. tauen, thauen (cf. also verdauen 8digest, OHG. douwen, firdouwen), Icel. þeyja, Sw. töa, Dan. töe, and perhaps to Gr. &?; to melt. √56.] 1. To melt, dissolve, or become fluid; to soften; -- said of that which is frozen; as, the ice thaws.

2. To become so warm as to melt ice and snow; -- said in reference to the weather, and used impersonally.

3. Fig.: To grow gentle or genial.

Thaw, v. t. To cause (frozen things, as earth, snow, ice) to melt, soften, or dissolve.

Thaw, n. The melting of ice, snow, or other congealed matter; the resolution of ice, or the like, into the state of a fluid; liquefaction by heat of anything congealed by frost; also, a warmth of weather sufficient to melt that which is congealed. Dryden.

Thaw"y (?), a. Liquefying by heat after having been frozen; thawing; melting.

The (?), v. i. See Thee. [Obs.] Chaucer. Milton.

The (&thlig;ē, when emphatic or alone; &thlig;&esl;, obscure before a vowel; &thlig;e, obscure before a consonant; 37), definite article. [AS. ðe, a later form for earlier nom. sing. masc. sē, formed under the influence of the oblique cases. See That, pron.] A word placed before nouns to limit or individualize their meaning.

&fist; The was originally a demonstrative pronoun, being a weakened form of that. When placed before adjectives and participles, it converts them into abstract nouns; as, the sublime and the beautiful. Burke. The is used regularly before many proper names, as of rivers, oceans, ships, etc.; as, the Nile, the Atlantic, the Great Eastern, the West Indies, The Hague. The with an epithet or ordinal number often follows a proper name; as, Alexander the Great; Napoleon the Third. The may be employed to individualize a particular kind or species; as, the grasshopper shall be a burden. Eccl. xii. 5.

The, adv. [AS. ðē, ð&ymacr;, instrumental case of sē, seó, ðæt, the definite article. See 2d The.] By that; by how much; by so much; on that account; -- used before comparatives; as, the longer we continue in sin, the more difficult it is to reform. "Yet not the more cease I." Milton.

So much the rather thou, Celestial Light,
Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers
Irradiate.
Milton.

||The"a (?), n. [NL. See Tea.] (Bot.) A genus of plants found in China and Japan; the tea plant.

&fist; It is now commonly referred to the genus Camellia.

The*an"dric (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; god + &?;, &?;, a man.] Relating to, or existing by, the union of divine and human operation in Christ, or the joint agency of the divine and human nature. Murdock.

{ The`an*throp"ic (?), The`an*throp"ic*al (?), } a. Partaking of, or combining, both divinity and humanity. [R.]

The gorgeous and imposing figures of his [Homer's] theanthropic sytem.
Gladstone.

The*an"thro*pism (?), n. [Gr. &?; god + &?; man.] 1. A state of being God and man. [R.] Coleridge.

2. The ascription of human atributes to the Deity, or to a polytheistic deity; anthropomorphism. Gladstone.

The*an"thro*pist (?), n. One who advocates, or believes in, theanthropism.

The*an"thro*py (?), n. Theanthropism.

The*ar"chic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Thearchy.] Divinely sovereign or supreme. [R.]

He [Jesus] is the thearchic Intelligence.
Milman.

The"ar*chy (?), n. [Gr. &?; god + - archy: cf. Gr. &?; the supreme deity.] Government by God; divine sovereignty; theocracy.

{ The"a*ter, The"a*tre } (?), n. [F. théâtre, L. theatrum, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to see, view; cf. Skr. dhyā to meditate, think. Cf. Theory.] 1. An edifice in which dramatic performances or spectacles are exhibited for the amusement of spectators; anciently uncovered, except the stage, but in modern times roofed.

2. Any room adapted to the exhibition of any performances before an assembly, as public lectures, scholastic exercises, anatomical demonstrations, surgical operations, etc.

3. That which resembles a theater in form, use, or the like; a place rising by steps or gradations, like the seats of a theater. Burns.

Shade above shade, a woody theater
Of stateliest view.
Milton.

4. A sphere or scheme of operation. [Obs.]

For if a man can be partaker of God's theater, he shall likewise be partaker of God's rest.
Bacon.

5. A place or region where great events are enacted; as, the theater of war.

{ The"a*tin, The"a*tine } (?), n. [F. théatin, It. theatino.] (R. C. Ch.) 1. One of an order of Italian monks, established in 1524, expressly to oppose Reformation, and to raise the tone of piety among Roman Catholics. They hold no property, nor do they beg, but depend on what Providence sends. Their chief employment is preaching and giving religious instruction.

&fist; Their name is derived from Theate, or Chieti, a city of Naples, the archbishop of which was a principal founder of the order; but they bore various names; as, Regular Clerks of the Community, Pauline Monks, Apostolic Clerks, and Regular Clerks of the Divine Providence. The order never flourished much out of Italy.

2. (R. C. Ch.) One of an order of nuns founded by Ursula Benincasa, who died in 1618.

The"a*tral (?), a. [L. theatralis: cf. F. théatral.] Of or pertaining to a theater; theatrical. [Obs.]

The*at"ric (?), a. Theatrical.

Woods over woods in gay, theatric pride.
Goldsmith.

The*at"ric*al (?), a. [L. theatricus, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to a theater, or to the scenic representations; resembling the manner of dramatic performers; histrionic; hence, artificial; as, theatrical performances; theatrical gestures. -- The*at`ri*cal"i*ty (#), n. -- The*at"ric*al*ly (#), adv.

No meretricious aid whatever has been called in -- no trick, no illusion of the eye, nothing theatrical.
R. Jefferies.

The*at"ric*als (?), n. pl. Dramatic performances; especially, those produced by amateurs.

Such fashionable cant terms as ‘theatricals,' and ‘musicals,' invented by the flippant Topham, still survive among his confraternity of frivolity.
I. Disraeli.

Theave (?), n. [Cf. W. dafad a sheep, ewe.] A ewe lamb of the first year; also, a sheep three years old. [Written also thave.] [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

The*ba"ic (?), a. [L. thebaicus, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to Thebes in Egypt; specifically, designating a version of the Bible preserved by the Copts, and esteemed of great value by biblical scholars. This version is also called the Sahidic version.

The"ba*id (?), n. [L. Thebais, - idis.] A Latin epic poem by Statius about Thebes in Bœotia.

The*ba"ine (?), n. [So called from a kind of Egyptian opium produced at Thebes.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid, C19H21NO3, found in opium in small quantities, having a sharp, astringent taste, and a tetanic action resembling that of strychnine.

The"ban (?), a. [L. Thebanus.] Of or pertaining to Thebes.

Theban year (Anc. Chron.), the Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours. J. Bryant.

The"ban, n. A native or inhabitant of Thebes; also, a wise man.

I'll talk a word with this same learned Theban.
Shak.

||The"ca (?), n.; pl. Thecæ (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; a case to put anything in. See Tick a cover.] 1. A sheath; a case; as, the theca, or cell, of an anther; the theca, or spore case, of a fungus; the theca of the spinal cord.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The chitinous cup which protects the hydranths of certain hydroids. (b) The more or less cuplike calicle of a coral. (c) The wall forming a calicle of a coral.

The"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theca; as, a thecal abscess.

The"ca*phore (?), n. [Theca + Gr. &?; to bear: cf. F. thécaphore.] (Bot.) (a) A surface or organ bearing a theca, or covered with thecæ. (b) See Basigynium.

The*cas"po*rous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the spores in thecæ, or cases.

||The*ca"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a case.] (Zoöl.) Same as Thecophora.

Thec"la (?), n. Any one of many species of small delicately colored butterflies belonging to Thecla and allied genera; -- called also hairstreak, and elfin.

The`co*dac"tyl (?), n. [&?; case + &?; finger.] (Zoöl.) Any one of a group of lizards of the Gecko tribe, having the toes broad, and furnished with a groove in which the claws can be concealed.

The"co*dont (?), a. [Gr. &?; a case + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] 1. (Anat.) Having the teeth inserted in sockets in the alveoli of the jaws.

2. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the thecodonts.

The"co*dont, n. (Paleon.) One of the Thecodontia.

||The`co*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) A group of fossil saurians having biconcave vertebræ and the teeth implanted in sockets.

||The*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a case + &?; to bear.] (Zoöl.) A division of hydroids comprising those which have the hydranths in thecæ and the gonophores in capsules. The campanularians and sertularians are examples. Called also Thecata. See Illust. under Hydroidea.

||The`co*so"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Theca, and Soma.] (Zoöl.) An order of Pteropoda comprising those species which have a shell. See Pteropoda. -- The`co*so"ma*tous (#), a.

The"dom (?), n. [Thee to prosper + -dom.] Success; fortune; luck; chance. [Obs.]

Evil thedom on his monk's snout.
Chaucer.

Thee (?), v. i. [AS. &?;eón; akin to OS. thīhan, D. gedijen, G. gedeihen, OHG. gidihan, Goth. &?;eihan, Lith. tekti to fall to the lot of. Cf. Tight, a.] To thrive; to prosper. [Obs.] "He shall never thee." Chaucer.

Well mote thee, as well can wish your thought.
Spenser.

Thee (?), pron. [AS. ðē, acc. & dat. of ðū thou. See Thou.] The objective case of thou. See Thou.

&fist; Thee is poetically used for thyself, as him for himself, etc.

This sword hath ended him; so shall it thee,
Unless thou yield thee as my prisoner.
Shak.

Theft (?), n. [OE. thefte, AS. þiéfðe, þ&ymacr;fðe, þeófðe. See Thief.] 1. (Law) The act of stealing; specifically, the felonious taking and removing of personal property, with an intent to deprive the rightful owner of the same; larceny.

&fist; To constitute theft there must be a taking without the owner's consent, and it must be unlawful or felonious; every part of the property stolen must be removed, however slightly, from its former position; and it must be, at least momentarily, in the complete possession of the thief. See Larceny, and the Note under Robbery.

2. The thing stolen. [R.]

If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, . . . he shall restore double.
Ex. xxii. 4.

Theft"bote` (?), n. [Theft + bote compensation.] (Law) The receiving of a man's goods again from a thief, or a compensation for them, by way of composition, with the intent that the thief shall escape punishment.

Thegn (?), n. Thane. See Thane. E. A. Freeman.

Thegn"hood (?), n. Thanehood. E. A. Freeman.

The"i*form (?), a. [NL. thea tea, the tea plant + -form: cf. F. théiforme.] Having the form of tea.

The"ine (?), n. [F. théine, fr. NL. thea. See Theiform.] (Chem.) See Caffeine. Called also theina.

Their (?), pron. & a. [OE. thair, fr. Icel. þeirra, þeira, of them, but properly gen. pl. of the definite article; akin to AS. ðāra, ð&aemacr;ra, gen. pl. of the definite article, or fr. AS. ð&aemacr;ra, influenced by the Scandinavian use. See That.] The possessive case of the personal pronoun they; as, their houses; their country.

&fist; The possessive takes the form theirs (&?;) when the noun to which it refers is not expressed, but implied or understood; as, our land is richest, but theirs is best cultivated.

Nothing but the name of zeal appears
'Twixt our best actions and the worst of theirs.
Denham.

The"ism (?), n. [From Gr. &?; God; probably akin to &?; to pray for, &?; spoken by God, decreed: cf. F. théisme. Cf. Enthusiasm, Pantheon, Theology.] The belief or acknowledgment of the existence of a God, as opposed to atheism, pantheism, or polytheism.

The"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. théiste. See Theism.] One who believes in the existence of a God; especially, one who believes in a personal God; -- opposed to atheist.

{ The*is"tic (?), The*is"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to theism, or a theist; according to the doctrine of theists.

Thel*phu"si*an (?), n. [Gr. &?; nipple + &?; to blow, to puff.] (Zoöl.) One of a tribe of fresh-water crabs which live in or on the banks of rivers in tropical countries.

The*lyt"o*kous (th&esl;*l&ibreve;t"&osl;*kŭs), a. [Gr. qh^lys female + to`kos a bringing forth.] (Zoöl.) Producing females only; -- said of certain female insects.

Them (&thlig;&ebreve;m), pron. [AS. ð&aemacr;m, dat. pl. of the article, but influenced by the Scand. use of the corresponding form þeim as a personal pronoun. See They.] The objective case of they. See They.

Go ye rather to them that sell, and buy for yourselves.
Matt. xxv. 9.

Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father.
Matt. xxv. 34.

&fist; Them is poetically used for themselves, as him for himself, etc.

Little stars may hide them when they list.
Shak.

The*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. thématique.] 1. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to the theme of a word. See Theme, n., 4.

2. (Mus.) Of or pertaining to a theme, or subject.

Thematic catalogue (Mus.), a catalogue of musical works which, besides the title and other particulars, gives in notes the theme, or first few measures, of the whole work or of its several movements.

Theme (?), n. [OE. teme, OF. teme, F. thème, L. thema, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to set, place. See Do, and cf. Thesis.] 1. A subject or topic on which a person writes or speaks; a proposition for discussion or argument; a text.

My theme is alway one and ever was.
Chaucer.

And when a soldier was the theme, my name
Was not far off.
Shak.

2. Discourse on a certain subject.

Then ran repentance and rehearsed his theme.
Piers Plowman.

It was the subject of my theme.
Shak.

3. A composition or essay required of a pupil. Locke.

4. (Gram.) A noun or verb, not modified by inflections; also, that part of a noun or verb which remains unchanged (except by euphonic variations) in declension or conjugation; stem.

5. That by means of which a thing is done; means; instrument. [Obs.] Swift.

6. (Mus.) The leading subject of a composition or a movement.

The"mis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; that which is laid down or established by usage, law, prob. fr. &?; to set, place.] (Gr. Myth.) The goddess of law and order; the patroness of existing rights.

Them*selves" (?), pron. The plural of himself, herself, and itself. See Himself, Herself, Itself.

Then (&thlig;&ebreve;n), adv. [Originally the same word as than. See Than.] 1. At that time (referring to a time specified, either past or future).

And the Canaanite was then in the land.
Gen. xii. 6.

Now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.
1 Cor. xiii. 12.

2. Soon afterward, or immediately; next; afterward.

First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.
Matt. v. 24.

3. At another time; later; again.

One while the master is not aware of what is done, and then in other cases it may fall out to be own act.
L'Estrange.

By then. (a) By that time. (b) By the time that. [Obs.]

But that opinion, I trust, by then this following argument hath been well read, will be left for one of the mysteries of an indulgent Antichrist.
Milton.

Now and then. See under Now, adv. -- Till then, until that time; until the time mentioned. Milton.

&fist; Then is often used elliptically, like an adjective, for then existing; as, the then administration.

Then (?), conj. 1. Than. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. In that case; in consequence; as a consequence; therefore; for this reason.

If all this be so, then man has a natural freedom.
Locke.

Now, then, be all thy weighty cares away.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Therefore. Then, Therefore. Both these words are used in reasoning; but therefore takes the lead, while then is rather subordinate or incidental. Therefore states reasons and draws inferences in form; then, to a great extent, takes the point as proved, and passes on to the general conclusion. "Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God." Rom. v. 1. "So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God." Rom. x. 17.

Then"a*days (?), adv. At that time; then; in those days; -- correlative to nowadays. [R.]

{ The"nal (?), The"nar (?), } a. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thenar; corresponding to thenar; palmar.

The"nar (?), n. (Anat.) (a) The palm of the hand. (b) The prominence of the palm above the base of the thumb; the thenar eminence; the ball of the thumb. Sometimes applied to the corresponding part of the foot.

The*nard"ite (?), n. [Named after the French chemist, L. J. Thénard.] (Min.) Anhydrous sodium sulphate, a mineral of a white or brown color and vitreous luster.

Thence (?), adv. [OE. thenne, thanne, and (with the adverbal -s; see -wards) thennes, thannes (hence thens, now written thence), AS. ðanon, ðanan, ðonan; akin to OHG. dannana, dannān, danān, and G. von dannen, E. that, there. See That.] 1. From that place. "Bid him thence go." Chaucer.

When ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against them.
Mark vi. 11.

&fist; It is not unusual, though pleonastic, to use from before thence. Cf. Hence, Whence.

Then I will send, and fetch thee from thence.
Gen. xxvii. 45.

2. From that time; thenceforth; thereafter.

There shall be no more thence an infant of days.
Isa. lxv. 20.

3. For that reason; therefore.

Not to sit idle with so great a gift
Useless, and thence ridiculous, about him.
Milton.

4. Not there; elsewhere; absent. [Poetic] Shak.

Thence`forth" (?), adv. From that time; thereafter.

If the salt have lost his savor, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing.
Matt. v. 13.

This word is sometimes preceded by from, -- a redundancy sanctioned by custom. Chaucer. John. xix. 12.

Thence`for"ward (?), adv. From that time onward; thenceforth.

Thence`from" (?), adv. From that place. [Obs.]

The`o*bro"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a god + &?; food, fr. &?; to eat: cf. F. théobrome.] (Bot.) A genus of small trees. See Cacao.

The`o*bro"mic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from cacao butter (from the Theobroma Cacao), peanut oil (from Arachis hypogæa), etc., as a white waxy crystalline substance.

The`o*bro"mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloidal ureide, C7H8N4O2, homologous with and resembling caffeine, produced artificially, and also extracted from cacao and chocolate (from Theobroma Cacao) as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also dimethyl xanthine.

The`o*chris"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; God + &?; anointed, fr. &?; to anoint.] Anointed by God.

The*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; God + &?; to be strong, to rule, fr. &?; strength: cf. F. théocratie. See Theism, and cf. Democracy.] 1. Government of a state by the immediate direction or administration of God; hence, the exercise of political authority by priests as representing the Deity.

2. The state thus governed, as the Hebrew commonwealth before it became a kingdom.

The*oc"ra*sy (?), n. [Gr. &?; union of the soul with God; &?; God + &?; a mixing, akin to &?; to mix.] 1. A mixture of the worship of different gods, as of Jehovah and idols.

This syncretistic theocracy by no means excludes in him [Solomon] the proper service of idols.
J. Murphy.

2. (Philos.) An intimate union of the soul with God in contemplation, -- an ideal of the Neoplatonists and of some Oriental mystics.

The"o*crat (?), n. One who lives under a theocratic form of government; one who in civil affairs conforms to divine law.

{ The`o*crat"ic (?), The`o*crat"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. théocratique.] Of or pertaining to a theocracy; administred by the immediate direction of God; as, the theocratical state of the Israelites.

The*od"i*cy (?), n. [NL. theodicæa, fr. Gr. &?; God + &?; right, justice: cf. F. théodicée.] 1. A vindication of the justice of God in ordaining or permitting natural and moral evil.

2. That department of philosophy which treats of the being, perfections, and government of God, and the immortality of the soul. Krauth-Fleming.

The*od"o*lite (?), n. [Probably a corruption of the alidade. See Alidade.] An instrument used, especially in trigonometrical surveying, for the accurate measurement of horizontal angles, and also usually of vertical angles. It is variously constructed.

&fist; The theodolite consists principally of a telescope, with cross wires in the focus of its object glass, clamped in Y's attached to a frame that is mounted so as to turn both on vertical and horizontal axes, the former carrying a vernier plate on a horizontal graduated plate or circle for azimuthal angles, and the latter a vertical graduated arc or semicircle for altitudes. The whole is furnished with levels and adjusting screws and mounted on a tripod.

The*od`o*lit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theodolite; made by means of a theodolite; as, theodolitic observations.

The`o*gon"ic (?), a. Of or relating to theogony.

The*og"o*nism (?), n. Theogony. [R.]

The*og"o*nist (?), n. A writer on theogony.

The*og"o*ny (?), n. [L. theogonia, Gr. &?;; &?; a god + the root of &?; to be born. See Theism, and Genus.] The generation or genealogy of the gods; that branch of heathen theology which deals with the origin and descent of the deities; also, a poem treating of such genealogies; as, the Theogony of Hesiod.

The*ol"o*gas`ter (?), n. [Formed like poetaster: cf. F. théologastre.] A pretender or quack in theology. [R.] Burton.

The*ol"o*ger (?), n. A theologian. Cudworth.

The`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. [Cf. F. théologien, L. theologus, Gr. &?;. See Theology.] A person well versed in theology; a professor of theology or divinity; a divine.

The`o*log"ic (?), a. Theological.

The`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [L. theologicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. théologique.] Of or pertaining to theology, or the science of God and of divine things; as, a theological treatise. -- The`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

The`o*log"ics (?), n. Theology. Young.

The*ol"o*gist (?), n. A theologian.

The*ol"o*gize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Theologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Theologizing (?).] [Cf. F. théologiser.] To render theological; to apply to divinity; to reduce to a system of theology.

School divinity was but Aristotle's philosophy theologized.
Glanvill.

The*ol"o*gize, v. i. To frame a system of theology; to theorize or speculate upon theological subjects.

The*ol"o*gi`zer (?), n. One who theologizes; a theologian. [R.] Boyle.

The"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. L. theologus, Gr. &?;, and E. philologue.] 1. A theologian. Dryden.

Ye gentle theologues of calmer kind.
Young.

He [Jerome] was the theologue -- and the word is designation enough.
I. Taylor.

2. A student in a theological seminary. [Written also theolog.] [Colloq. U. S.]

The*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Theologies (#). [L. theologia, Gr. &?;; &?; God + &?; discourse: cf. F. théologie. See Theism, and Logic.] The science of God or of religion; the science which treats of the existence, character, and attributes of God, his laws and government, the doctrines we are to believe, and the duties we are to practice; divinity; (as more commonly understood) "the knowledge derivable from the Scriptures, the systematic exhibition of revealed truth, the science of Christian faith and life."

Many speak of theology as a science of religion [instead of "science of God"] because they disbelieve that there is any knowledge of God to be attained.
Prof. R. Flint (Enc. Brit.).

Theology is ordered knowledge; representing in the region of the intellect what religion represents in the heart and life of man.
Gladstone.

Ascetic theology, Natural theology. See Ascetic, Natural. -- Moral theology, that phase of theology which is concerned with moral character and conduct. -- Revealed theology, theology which is to be learned only from revelation. -- Scholastic theology, theology as taught by the scholastics, or as prosecuted after their principles and methods. -- Speculative theology, theology as founded upon, or influenced by, speculation or metaphysical philosophy. -- Systematic theology, that branch of theology of which the aim is to reduce all revealed truth to a series of statements that together shall constitute an organized whole. E. G. Robinson (Johnson's Cyc.).

The*om"a*chist (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?;.] One who fights against the gods; one who resists God of the divine will.

The*om"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; a god + &?; a battle.] 1. A fighting against the gods, as the battle of the gaints with the gods.

2. A battle or strife among the gods. Gladstone.

3. Opposition to God or the divine will. Bacon.

The"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a god + - mancy: cf. F. théomancie, Gr. &?; a spirit of prophecy,.] A kind of divination drawn from the responses of oracles among heathen nations.

{ The`o*pa*thet"ic (?), The`o*path"ic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a theopathy.

The*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?; God + &?;, &?;, to suffer, feel.] Capacity for religious affections or worship.

The`o*phan"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theopany; appearing to man, as a god.

The*oph"a*ny (?), n.; pl. - nies (#). [Gr. &?;; &?; God + &?; to appear.] A manifestation of God to man by actual appearance, usually as an incarnation.

The`o*phil`an*throp"ic (?), a. Pertaining to theophilanthropy or the theophilanthropists.

The`o*phi*lan"thro*pism (?), n. The doctrine of the theophilanthropists; theophilanthropy.

The`o*phi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Cf. F. théophilanthrope.] (Eccl. Hist.) A member of a deistical society established at Paris during the French revolution.

The`o*phi*lan"thro*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; God + E. philanthropy.] Theophilanthropism. Macaulay.

The`o*phil`o*soph"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; God + E. philosophic.] Combining theism and philosophy, or pertaining to the combination of theism and philosophy.

The`op*neus"ted (?), a. Divinely inspired; theopneustic. [R.]

The`op*neus"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; inspired of God; &?; God + &?; to blow, to breathe.] Given by the inspiration of the Spirit of God.

The"op*neus`ty (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] Divine inspiration; the supernatural influence of the Divine Spirit in qualifying men to receive and communicate revealed truth.

The*or"bist (?), n. (Mus.) One who plays on a theorbo.

The*or"bo (?), n. [F. théorbe, téorbe, formerly tuorbe, tiorbe, It. tiorba.] (Mus.) An instrument made like large lute, but having two necks, with two sets of pegs, the lower set holding the strings governed by frets, while to the upper set were attached the long bass strings used as open notes.

&fist; A larger form of theorbo was also called the archlute, and was used chiefly, if not only, as an accompaniment to the voice. Both have long fallen into disuse.

The"o*rem (?), n. [L. theorema, Gr. &?; a sight, speculation, theory, theorem, fr. &?; to look at, &?; a spectator: cf. F. théorème. See Theory.] 1. That which is considered and established as a principle; hence, sometimes, a rule.

Not theories, but theorems (&?;), the intelligible products of contemplation, intellectual objects in the mind, and of and for the mind exclusively.
Coleridge.

By the theorems,
Which your polite and terser gallants practice,
I re-refine the court, and civilize
Their barbarous natures.
Massinger.

2. (Math.) A statement of a principle to be demonstrated.

&fist; A theorem is something to be proved, and is thus distinguished from a problem, which is something to be solved. In analysis, the term is sometimes applied to a rule, especially a rule or statement of relations expressed in a formula or by symbols; as, the binomial theorem; Taylor's theorem. See the Note under Proposition, n., 5.

Binomial theorem. (Math.) See under Binomial. -- Negative theorem, a theorem which expresses the impossibility of any assertion. -- Particular theorem (Math.), a theorem which extends only to a particular quantity. -- Theorem of Pappus. (Math.) See Centrobaric method, under Centrobaric. -- Universal theorem (Math.), a theorem which extends to any quantity without restriction.

The"o*rem, v. t. To formulate into a theorem.

{ The`o*re*mat"ic (?), The`o*re*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to a theorem or theorems; comprised in a theorem; consisting of theorems.

The`o*rem"a*tist (?), n. One who constructs theorems.

The`o*rem"ic (?), a. Theorematic. Grew.

{ The`o*ret"ic (?), The`o*ret"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. L. theoreticus, F. théorétique.] Pertaining to theory; depending on, or confined to, theory or speculation; speculative; terminating in theory or speculation: not practical; as, theoretical learning; theoretic sciences. -- The`o*ret"ic*al*ly, adv.

The`o*ret"ics (?), n. The speculative part of a science; speculation.

At the very first, with our Lord himself, and his apostles, as represented to us in the New Testament, morals come before contemplation, ethics before theoretics.
H. B. Wilson.

The*or"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. théorique. See Theory.] 1. Of or pertaining to the theorica.

2. (pron. &?;) Relating to, or skilled in, theory; theoretically skilled. [Obs.]

A man but young,
Yet old in judgment, theoric and practic
In all humanity.
Massinger.

The"o*ric (?), n. [OF. theorique; cf. L. theorice.] Speculation; theory. [Obs.] Shak.

||The*or"i*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?; belonging to &?; a public spectacle. See Theory.] (Gr. Antiq.) Public moneys expended at Athens on festivals, sacrifices, and public entertainments (especially theatrical performances), and in gifts to the people; -- also called theoric fund.

The*or"ic*al (?), a. Theoretic. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

The*or"ic*al*ly, adv. In a theoretic manner. [Obs.]

The"o*rist (?), n. [Cf. F. théoriste.] One who forms theories; one given to theory and speculation; a speculatist. Cowper.

The greatest theoretists have given the preference to such a government as that which obtains in this kingdom.
Addison.

The`o*ri*za"tion (?), n. The act or product of theorizing; the formation of a theory or theories; speculation.

The"o*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Theorized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Theorizing (?).] [Cf. F. théoriser.] To form a theory or theories; to form opinions solely by theory; to speculate.

The"o*ri`zer (?), n. One who theorizes or speculates; a theorist.

The"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Theories (#). [F. théorie, L. theoria, Gr. &?; a beholding, spectacle, contemplation, speculation, fr. &?; a spectator, &?; to see, view. See Theater.] 1. A doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in speculation or contemplation, without a view to practice; hypothesis; speculation.

&fist; "This word is employed by English writers in a very loose and improper sense. It is with them usually convertible into hypothesis, and hypothesis is commonly used as another term for conjecture. The terms theory and theoretical are properly used in opposition to the terms practice and practical. In this sense, they were exclusively employed by the ancients; and in this sense, they are almost exclusively employed by the Continental philosophers." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. An exposition of the general or abstract principles of any science; as, the theory of music.

3. The science, as distinguished from the art; as, the theory and practice of medicine.

4. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either physical or moral; as, Lavoisier's theory of combustion; Adam Smith's theory of moral sentiments.

Atomic theory, Binary theory, etc. See under Atomic, Binary, etc.

Syn. -- Hypothesis, speculation. -- Theory, Hypothesis. A theory is a scheme of the relations subsisting between the parts of a systematic whole; an hypothesis is a tentative conjecture respecting a cause of phenomena.

{ The"o*soph (?), The*os"o*pher (?), } n. A theosophist.

{ The`o*soph"ic (?), The`o*soph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. théosophique.] Of or pertaining to theosophy. -- The`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.

The*os"o*phism (?), n. [Cf. F. théosophisme.] Belief in theosophy. Murdock.

The*os"o*phist (?), n. One addicted to theosophy.

The theosophist is one who gives you a theory of God, or of the works of God, which has not reason, but an inspiration of his own, for its basis.
R. A. Vaughan.

The*os`o*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to theosophy; theosophical.

The*os"o*phize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Theosophized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Theosophizing.] To practice theosophy. [R.]

The*os"o*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; knowledge of things divine, fr. &?; wise in the things of God; &?; God + &?; wise: cf. F. théosophie.] Any system of philosophy or mysticism which proposes to attain intercourse with God and superior spirits, and consequent superhuman knowledge, by physical processes, as by the theurgic operations of some ancient Platonists, or by the chemical processes of the German fire philosophers; also, a direct, as distinguished from a revealed, knowledge of God, supposed to be attained by extraordinary illumination; especially, a direct insight into the processes of the divine mind, and the interior relations of the divine nature.

||Ther`a*peu"tæ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (pl. &?;) an attendant, servant, physician. See Therapeutic.] (Eccl. Hist.) A name given to certain ascetics said to have anciently dwelt in the neighborhood of Alexandria. They are described in a work attributed to Philo, the genuineness and credibility of which are now much discredited.

{ Ther`a*peu"tic (?), Ther`a*peu"tic*al (?), } a. [F. thérapeutique, Gr. &?;, from &?; attendant, servant, &?; to serve, take care of, treat medically, &?; attendant, servant.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to the healing art; concerned in discovering and applying remedies for diseases; curative. "Therapeutic or curative physic." Sir T. Browne.

Medicine is justly distributed into "prophylactic," or the art of preserving health, and therapeutic, or the art of restoring it.
I. Watts.

Ther`a*peu"tic, n. One of the Therapeutæ.

Ther`a*peu"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. thérapeutique.] That part of medical science which treats of the discovery and application of remedies for diseases.

Ther`a*peu"tist (?), n. One versed in therapeutics, or the discovery and application of remedies.

Ther"a*py (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] Therapeutics.

There (?), adv. [OE. ther, AS. ð&aemacr;r; akin to D. daar, G. da, OHG. dār, Sw. & Dan. der, Icel. & Goth. þar, Skr. tarhi then, and E. that. √184. See That, pron.] 1. In or at that place. "[They] there left me and my man, both bound together." Shak.

The Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.
Ge. ii. 8.

&fist; In distinction from here, there usually signifies a place farther off. "Darkness there might well seem twilight here." Milton.

2. In that matter, relation, etc.; at that point, stage, etc., regarded as a distinct place; as, he did not stop there, but continued his speech.

The law that theaten'd death becomes thy friend
And turns it to exile; there art thou happy.
Shak.

3. To or into that place; thither.

The rarest that e'er came there.
Shak.

&fist; There is sometimes used by way of exclamation, calling the attention to something, especially to something distant; as, there, there! see there! look there! There is often used as an expletive, and in this use, when it introduces a sentence or clause, the verb precedes its subject.

A knight there was, and that a worthy man.
Chaucer.

There is a path which no fowl knoweth.
Job xxviii. 7.

Wherever there is a sense or perception, there some idea is actually produced.
Locke.

There have been that have delivered themselves from their ills by their good fortune or virtue.
Suckling.

&fist; There is much used in composition, and often has the sense of a pronoun. See Thereabout, Thereafter, Therefrom, etc.

&fist; There was formerly used in the sense of where.

Spend their good there it is reasonable.
Chaucer.

Here and there, in one place and another.

Syn. -- See Thither.

{ There"a*bout` (?), There"a*bouts` (?), } adv. [The latter spelling is less proper, but more commonly used.] 1. Near that place.

2. Near that number, degree, or quantity; nearly; as, ten men, or thereabouts.

Five or six thousand horse . . . or thereabouts.
Shak.

Some three months since, or thereabout.
Suckling.

3. Concerning that; about that. [R.]

What will ye dine? I will go thereabout.
Chaucer.

They were much perplexed thereabout.
Luke xxiv. 4.

There*af"ter (?), adv. [AS. ð&aemacr;ræfter after that. See There, and After.] 1. After that; afterward.

2. According to that; accordingly.

I deny not but that it is of greatest concernment in the church and commonwealth to have a vigilant eye how books demean themselves as well as men; and thereafter to confine, imprison, and do sharpest justice on them as malefactors.
Milton.

3. Of that sort. [Obs.] "My audience is not thereafter." Latimer.

There"a*gain` (?), adv. In opposition; against one's course. [Obs.]

If that him list to stand thereagain.
Chaucer.

There"-a*nent` (?), adv. Concerning that. [Scot.]

There*at" (?), adv. 1. At that place; there.

Wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat.
Matt. vii. 13.

2. At that occurrence or event; on that account.

Every error is a stain to the beauty of nature; for which cause it blusheth thereat.
Hooker.

{ There`be*fore" (?), There`bi*forn" (?), } adv. Before that time; beforehand. [Obs.]

Many a winter therebiforn.
Chaucer.

There*by" (?), adv. 1. By that; by that means; in consequence of that.

Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace; thereby good shall come unto thee.
Job xxii. 21.

2. Annexed to that. "Thereby hangs a tale." Shak.

3. Thereabout; -- said of place, number, etc. Chaucer.

There*for" (?), adv. [There + for. Cf. Therefore.] For that, or this; for it.

With certain officers ordained therefore.
Chaucer.

There"fore (?), conj. & adv. [OE. therfore. See There, and Fore, adv., For, and cf. Therefor.] 1. For that or this reason, referring to something previously stated; for that.

I have married a wife, and therefore I can not come.
Luke xiv. 20.

Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed thee; what shall we have therefore?
Matt. xix. 27.

2. Consequently; by consequence.

He blushes; therefore he is guilty.
Spectator.

Syn. -- See Then.

There*from" (?), adv. From this or that.

Turn not aside therefrom to the right hand or to the left.
John. xxiii. 6.

There*in" (?), adv. In that or this place, time, or thing; in that particular or respect. Wyclif.

He pricketh through a fair forest,
Therein is many a wild beast.
Chaucer.

Bring forth abundantly in the earth, and multiply therein.
Gen. ix. 7.

Therein our letters do not well agree.
Shak.

There`in*to" (?), adv. Into that or this, or into that place. Bacon.

Let not them . . . enter thereinto.
Luke xxi. 21.

There*of" (?), adv. Of that or this.

In the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die.
Gen. ii. 17.

The`re*ol"o*gy (?), n. Therapeutios.

There*on" (?), adv. [AS. &?;&?;ron. See There, and On.] On that or this. Chaucer.

Then the king said, Hang him thereon.
Esther vii. 9.

There*out" (?), adv. 1. Out of that or this.

He shall take thereout his handful of the flour.
Lev. ii. 2.

2. On the outside; out of doors. [Obs.] Chaucer.

There*to" (?), adv. 1. To that or this. Chaucer.

2. Besides; moreover. [Obs.] Spenser.

Her mouth full small, and thereto soft and red.
Chaucer.

There`to*fore" (?), adv. Up to that time; before then; -- correlative with heretofore.

There*un"der (?), adv. Under that or this.

There`un*to" (?), adv. Unto that or this; thereto; besides. Shak.

There`up*on" (?), adv. 1. Upon that or this; thereon. "They shall feed thereupon." Zeph. ii. 7.

2. On account, or in consequence, of that; therefore.

[He] hopes to find you forward, . . .
And thereupon he sends you this good news.
Shak.

3. Immediately; at once; without delay.

There*while" (?), adv. At that time; at the same time. [Obs.] Laud.

There*with" (?), adv. 1. With that or this. "I have learned in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content." Phil. iv. 11.

2. In addition; besides; moreover.

To speak of strength and therewith hardiness.
Chaucer.

3. At the same time; forthwith. [Obs.] Johnson.

There`with*al" (?), adv. 1. Over and above; besides; moreover. [Obs.] Daniel.

And therewithal it was full poor and bad.
Chaucer.

2. With that or this; therewith; at the same time.

Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal
Remit thy other forfeits.
Shak.

And therewithal one came and seized on her,
And Enid started waking.
Tennyson.

Therf (?), a. [AS. &?;eorf; akin to OHG. derb, Icel. &?;jarfr.] Not fermented; unleavened; - - said of bread, loaves, etc. [Obs.]

Pask and the feast of therf loaves.
Wyclif.

{ The"ri*ac (?), ||The*ri"a*ca (?), } n. [L. theriaca an antidote against the bite of serpents, Gr. &?;: cf. F. thériaque. See Treacle.] 1. (Old Med.) An ancient composition esteemed efficacious against the effects of poison; especially, a certain compound of sixty-four drugs, prepared, pulverized, and reduced by means of honey to an electuary; -- called also theriaca Andromachi, and Venice treacle.

2. Treacle; molasses. British Pharm.

{ The"ri*ac (?), The*ri"a*cal (?), } a. [Cf. F. thériacal.] Of or pertaining to theriac; medicinal. "Theriacal herbs." Bacon.

The"ri*al (?), a. Theriac. [R.] Holland.

The"ri*o*dont (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Theriodontia. Used also adjectively.

||The`ri*o*don"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Theriodontia.

||The`ri*o*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (dim. of &?; a beast) + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of reptiles found in the Permian and Triassic formations in South Africa. In some respects they resembled carnivorous mammals. Called also Theromorpha.

&fist; They had biconcave vertebræ, ambulatory limbs, and a well- developed pelvis and shoulder girdle. Some of the species had large maxillary teeth. The head somewhat resembled that of a turtle. The Dicynodont is one of the best-known examples. See Dicynodont.

The`ri*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; wild beast + &?; to cut.] Zoötomy.

||Ther"mæ (?), n. pl. [L. See Thermal.] Springs or baths of warm or hot water.

Ther"mal (?), a. [L. thermae hot springs, fr. Gr. &?;, pl. of &?; heat, fr. &?; hot, warm, &?; to warm, make hot; perhaps akin to L. formus warm, and E. forceps.] Of or pertaining to heat; warm; hot; as, the thermal unit; thermal waters.

The thermal condition of the earth.
J. D. Forbes.

Thermal conductivity, Thermal spectrum. See under Conductivity, and Spectrum. -- Thermal unit (Physics), a unit chosen for the comparison or calculation of quantities of heat. The unit most commonly employed is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram or one pound of water from zero to one degree Centigrade. See Calorie, and under Unit.

Ther"mal*ly, adv. In a thermal manner.

Ther*met"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; heat + &?; measure + -graph.] A self-registering thermometer, especially one that registers the maximum and minimum during long periods. Nichol.

Ther"mic (?), a. [Gr. &?; heat.] Of or pertaining to heat; due to heat; thermal; as, thermic lines.

Thermic balance. See Bolometer. -- Thermic fever (Med.), the condition of fever produced by sunstroke. See Sunstroke. -- Thermic weight. (Mech.) Same as Heat weight, under Heat.

||Ther`mi`dor" (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. &?; warm, hot.] The eleventh month of the French republican calendar, -- commencing July 19, and ending August 17. See the Note under Vendémiaire.

Ther*mif"u*gine (?), n. [Gr. &?; heat + L. fugere to flee.] (Chem.) An artificial alkaloid of complex composition, resembling thalline and used as an antipyretic, -- whence its name.

Ther"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. qe`rmh heat, qermo`s hot, warm; as in thermochemistry, thermodynamic.

Ther`mo*ba*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Thermo- + barometer.] (Physics) An instrument for determining altitudes by the boiling point of water.

Ther`mo*bat"ter*y (?), n. [Thermo- + battery.] A thermoelectric battery; a thermopile.

Ther`mo*cau"ter*y (?), n. [Thermo- + cautery.] (Surg.) Cautery by the application of heat.

Paquelin's thermocautery, thermocautery by means of a hollow platinum point, which is kept constantly hot by the passage through it of benzine vapor.

{ Ther`mo*chem"ic (?), Ther`mo*chem"ic*al (?), } a. (Chem. Physics) Of or pertaining to thermochemistry; obtained by, or employed in, thermochemistry.

Ther`mo*chem"is*try (?), n. [Thermo- + chemistry.] That branch of chemical science which includes the investigation of the various relations existing between chemical action and that manifestation of force termed heat, or the determination of the heat evolved by, or employed in, chemical actions.

Ther*moch"ro*sy (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. &?; coloring.] (Physics) The property possessed by heat of being composed, like light, of rays of different degrees of refrangibility, which are unequal in rate or degree of transmission through diathermic substances.

Ther"mo*cur`rent (?), n. [Thermo- + current.] (Physics) A current, as of electricity, developed, or set in motion, by the action of heat.

Ther`mo*dy*nam"ic (?), a. [Thermo- + dynamic.] (Physics) Relating to thermodynamics; caused or operated by force due to the application of heat.

Thermodynamic function. See Heat weight, under Heat.

Ther`mo*dy*nam"ics (?), n. The science which treats of the mechanical action or relations of heat.

Ther`mo*e*lec"tric (?), a. (Physics) Pertaining to thermoelectricity; as, thermoelectric currents.

Ther`mo*e`lec*tric"i*ty (?), n. [Thermo- + electricity: cf. F. thermoélectricité.] (Physics) Electricity developed in the action of heat. See the Note under Electricity.

Ther`mo*e`lec*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Thermo- + electrometer.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the strength of an electric current in the heat which it produces, or for determining the heat developed by such a current.

Ther"mo*gen (?), n. [Thermo- + - gen.] (Old Chem.) Caloric; heat; regarded as a material but imponderable substance.

Ther`mo*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to heat, or to the production of heat; producing heat; thermogenous; as, the thermogenic tissues.

Ther*mog"e*nous (?), a. [Thermo- + -genous.] (Physiol.) Producing heat; thermogenic.

Ther"mo*graph (?), n. [Thermo- + - graph.] (Physics) An instrument for automatically recording indications of the variation of temperature.

Ther*mol"o*gy (th&etilde;r"m&obreve;l"&osl;*j&ybreve;), n. [Thermo- + -logy.] A discourse on, or an account of, heat. Whewell.

Ther*mol"y*sis (-&ibreve;*s&ibreve;s), n. [Thermo- + Gr. ly`ein to loose.] (Chem.) The resolution of a compound into parts by heat; dissociation by heat.

Ther"mo*lyze (th&etilde;r"m&osl;*līz), v. t. (Chem.) To subject to thermolysis; to dissociate by heat.

Ther`mo*mag"net*ism (-măg"n&ebreve;t*&ibreve;z'm), n. [Thermo- + magnetism.] Magnetism as affected or caused by the action of heat; the relation of heat to magnetism.

Ther*mom"e*ter (th&etilde;r*m&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), n. [Thermo- + -meter: cf. F. thermomètre. See Thermal.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring temperature, founded on the principle that changes of temperature in bodies are accompanied by proportional changes in their volumes or dimensions.

&fist; The thermometer usually consists of a glass tube of capillary bore, terminating in a bulb, and containing mercury or alcohol, which expanding or contracting according to the temperature to which it is exposed, indicates the degree of heat or cold by the amount of space occupied, as shown by the position of the top of the liquid column on a graduated scale. See Centigrade, Fahrenheit, and Réaumur.

To reduce degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Centigrade, substract 32° and multiply by &frac59;; to reduce degrees Centigrade to degrees Fahrenheit, multiply by &frac95; and add 32°.

Air thermometer, Balance thermometer, etc. See under Air, Balance, etc. -- Metallic thermometer, a form of thermometer indicating changes of temperature by the expansion or contraction of rods or strips of metal. -- Register thermometer, or Self-registering thermometer, a thermometer that registers the maximum and minimum of temperature occurring in the interval of time between two consecutive settings of the instrument. A common form contains a bit of steel wire to be pushed before the column and left at the point of maximum temperature, or a slide of enamel, which is drawn back by the liquid, and left within it at the point of minimum temperature.

{ Ther`mo*met"ric (?), Ther`mo*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. thermométrique.] 1. Of or pertaining to a thermometer; as, the thermometrical scale or tube.

2. Made, or ascertained, by means of a thermometer; as, thermometrical observations.

Ther`mo*met"ric*al*ly (?), adv. In a thermometrical manner; by means of a thermometer.

Ther`mo*met"ro*graph (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. &?; measure + -graph.] (Physics) An instrument for recording graphically the variations of temperature, or the indications of a thermometer.

Ther*mom"e*try (?), n. The estimation of temperature by the use of a thermometric apparatus.

Ther`mo*mul"ti*pli`er (?), n. [Thermo- + multiplier.] Same as Thermopile.

Ther"mo*pile (?), n. [Thermo- + pile a heap.] (Physics) An instrument of extreme sensibility, used to determine slight differences and degrees of heat. It is composed of alternate bars of antimony and bismuth, or any two metals having different capacities for the conduction of heat, connected with an astatic galvanometer, which is very sensibly affected by the electric current induced in the system of bars when exposed even to the feeblest degrees of heat.

Ther"mo*scope (?), n. [Thermo- + - scope.] (Physics) An instrument for indicating changes of temperature without indicating the degree of heat by which it is affected; especially, an instrument contrived by Count Rumford which, as modified by Professor Leslie, was afterward called the differential thermometer.

Ther`mo*scop"ic (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the thermoscope; made by means of the thermoscope; as, thermoscopic observations.

Ther"mo*stat (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. &?; to make to stand.] (Physics) A self-acting apparatus for regulating temperature by the unequal expansion of different metals, liquids, or gases by heat, as in opening or closing the damper of a stove, or the like, as the heat becomes greater or less than is desired.

Ther`mo*stat"ic (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the thermostat; made or effected by means of the thermostat.

Ther`mo*sys*tal"tic (?), a. [Thermo- + systaltic.] (Physiol.) Influenced in its contraction by heat or cold; -- said of a muscle.

Ther`mo*tax"ic (?), a. [Thermo- + Gr. &?; arrangement.] (Physiol.) Pertaining to, or connected with, the regulation of temperature in the animal body; as, the thermotaxic nervous system.

Ther`mo*ten"sion (?), n. [Thermo- + tension.] A process of increasing the strength of wrought iron by heating it to a determinate temperature, and giving to it, while in that state, a mechanical strain or tension in the direction in which the strength is afterward to be exerted.

{ Ther*mot"ic (?), Ther*mot"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; heat, fr. &?; hot.] Of or pertaining to heat; produced by heat; as, thermotical phenomena. Whewell.

Ther*mot"ics (?), n. The science of heat. Whewell.

Ther`mo*trop"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Manifesting thermotropism.

Ther*mot"ro*pism (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. &?; to turn.] (Bot.) The phenomenon of turning towards a source of warmth, seen in the growing parts of some plants.

Ther"mo*type (?), n. [Thermo- + - type.] A picture (as of a slice of wood) obtained by first wetting the object slightly with hydrochloric or dilute sulphuric acid, then taking an impression with a press, and next strongly heating this impression.

Ther*mot"y*py (?), n. The art or process of obtaining thermotypes.

Ther`mo*vol*ta"ic (?), a. [Thermo- + voltaic.] (Physics) Of or relating to heat and electricity; especially, relating to thermal effects produced by voltaic action. Faraday.

||The`ro*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL.: Gr. &?; beast + &?; form.] (Paleon.) See Theriodonta.

||The*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a beast + &?;, &?;, foot.] (Paleon.) An order of carnivorous dinosaurs in which the feet are less birdlike, and hence more like those of an ordinary quadruped, than in the Ornithopoda. It includes the rapacious genera Megalosaurus, Creosaurus, and their allies.

||The*sau"rus (?), n.; pl. Thesauri (#). [L. See Treasure.] A treasury or storehouse; hence, a repository, especially of knowledge; -- often applied to a comprehensive work, like a dictionary or cyclopedia.

These (&thlig;ēz), pron. [OE. þes, þæs, a variant of þas, pl. of þes, thes, this. See This, and cf. Those.] The plural of this. See This.

Thes"i*cle (?), n. [Dim. of thesis.] A little or subordinate thesis; a proposition.

The"sis (?), n.; pl. Theses (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to place, set. See Do, and cf. Anathema, Apothecary, Epithet, Hypothesis, Parenthesis, Theme, Tick a cover.] 1. A position or proposition which a person advances and offers to maintain, or which is actually maintained by argument.

2. Hence, an essay or dissertation written upon specific or definite theme; especially, an essay presented by a candidate for a diploma or degree.

I told them of the grave, becoming, and sublime deportment they should assume upon this mystical occasion, and read them two homilies and a thesis of my own composing, to prepare them.
Goldsmith.

3. (Logic) An affirmation, or distinction from a supposition or hypothesis.

4. (Mus.) The accented part of the measure, expressed by the downward beat; -- the opposite of arsis.

5. (Pros.) (a) The depression of the voice in pronouncing the syllables of a word. (b) The part of the foot upon which such a depression falls.

Thes"mo*thete (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; that which is established, a law (fr. &?; to set) + &?; a giver (also fr. &?;).] (Gr. Antiq.) A lawgiver; a legislator; one of the six junior archons at Athens.

Thes"pi*an (?), a. [From L. Thespis, Gr. &?;, the founder of the Greek drama.] Of or pertaining to Thespis; hence, relating to the drama; dramatic; as, the Thespian art. -- n. An actor.

Thes*sa"li*an (?), a. [Cf. L. Thessalius.] Of or pertaining to Thessaly in Greece. Shak. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thessaly.

Thes`sa*lo"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thessalonica, a city of Macedonia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thessalonica.

The"ta (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. qh^ta, the Greek letter θ, Θ.] A letter of the Greek alphabet corresponding to th in English; -- sometimes called the unlucky letter, from being used by the judges on their ballots in passing condemnation on a prisoner, it being the first letter of the Greek qa`natos, death.

Theta function (Math.), one of a group of functions used in developing the properties of elliptic functions.

Thet"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; fit for placing, fr. &?; to set, lay down. See Thesis.] Laid down; absolute or positive, as a law. Dr. H. More.

The"tine (?), n. [Thio + ether + sulphine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of complex basic sulphur compounds analogous to the sulphines.

{ The*ur"gic (?), The*ur"gic*al (?), } a. [L. theurgicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. théurgique.] Of or pertaining to theurgy; magical.

Theurgic hymns, songs of incantation.

The"ur*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. théurgiste.] One who pretends to, or is addicted to, theurgy. Hallywell.

The"ur*gy (thē"ŭr*j&ybreve;), n. [L. theurgia, Gr. qeoyrgi`a, fr. qeoyrgo`s doing the works of God; qeo`s God + 'e`rgon work: cf. F. théurgie. See Theism, and Work.] 1. A divine work; a miracle; hence, magic; sorcery.

2. A kind of magical science or art developed in Alexandria among the Neoplatonists, and supposed to enable man to influence the will of the gods by means of purification and other sacramental rites. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

3. In later or modern magic, that species of magic in which effects are claimed to be produced by supernatural agency, in distinction from natural magic.

Thew (thū), n. [Chiefly used in the plural Thews (thūz).] [OE. thew, þeau, manner, habit, strength, AS. þeáw manner, habit (cf. þ&ymacr;wan to drive); akin to OS. thau custom, habit, OHG. dou. √56.] 1. Manner; custom; habit; form of behavior; qualities of mind; disposition; specifically, good qualities; virtues. [Obs.]

For her great light
Of sapience, and for her thews clear.
Chaucer.

Evil speeches destroy good thews.
Wyclif (1 Cor. xv. 33).

To be upbrought in gentle thews and martial might.
Spenser.

2. Muscle or strength; nerve; brawn; sinew. Shak.

And I myself, who sat apart
And watched them, waxed in every limb;
I felt the thews of Anakim,
The pules of a Titan's heart.
Tennyson.

Thewed (thūd), a. 1. Furnished with thews or muscles; as, a well-thewed limb.

2. Accustomed; mannered. [Obs.] John Skelton.

Yet would not seem so rude and thewed ill.
Spenser.

Thew"y (?), a. Having strong or large thews or muscles; muscular; sinewy; strong.

They (&thlig;ā), pron. pl.; poss. Theirs; obj. Them. [Icel. þeir they, properly nom. pl. masc. of sā, sū, þat, a demonstrative pronoun, akin to the English definite article, AS. sē, seó, ðæt, nom. pl. ðā. See That.] The plural of he, she, or it. They is never used adjectively, but always as a pronoun proper, and sometimes refers to persons without an antecedent expressed.

Jolif and glad they went unto here [their] rest
And casten hem [them] full early for to sail.
Chaucer.

They of Italy salute you.
Heb. xiii. 24.

Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness.
Matt. v. 6.

&fist; They is used indefinitely, as our ancestors used man, and as the French use on; as, they say (French on dit), that is, it is said by persons not specified.

Thi*al"dine (?), n. [Thio- + aldehyde + -ine.] (Chem.) A weak nitrogenous sulphur base, C6H13NS2.

Thi"al*ol (?), n. [Thio- + alcohol + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, (C2H5)2S2, having a strong garlic odor; -- called also ethyl disulphide. By extension, any one of the series of related compounds.

Thib"e*tan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thibet. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thibet.

Thib"et cloth` (?). (a) A fabric made of coarse goat's hair; a kind of camlet. (b) A kind of fine woolen cloth, used for dresses, cloaks, etc.

Thi*be"tian (?), a. & n. Same as Thibetan.

Thi"ble (?), n. A slice; a skimmer; a spatula; a pudding stick. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ainsworth.

Thick (th&ibreve;k), a. [Compar. Thicker (-&etilde;r); superl. Thickest.] [OE. thicke, AS. þicce; akin to D. dik, OS. thikki, OHG. dicchi thick, dense, G. dick thick, Icel. þykkr, þjökkr, and probably to Gael. & Ir. tiugh. Cf. Tight.] 1. Measuring in the third dimension other than length and breadth, or in general dimension other than length; - - said of a solid body; as, a timber seven inches thick.

Were it as thick as is a branched oak.
Chaucer.

My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins.
1 Kings xii. 10.

2. Having more depth or extent from one surface to its opposite than usual; not thin or slender; as, a thick plank; thick cloth; thick paper; thick neck.

3. Dense; not thin; inspissated; as, thick vapors. Also used figuratively; as, thick darkness.

Make the gruel thick and slab.
Shak.

4. Not transparent or clear; hence, turbid, muddy, or misty; as, the water of a river is apt to be thick after a rain. "In a thick, misty day." Sir W. Scott.

5. Abundant, close, or crowded in space; closely set; following in quick succession; frequently recurring.

The people were gathered thick together.
Luke xi. 29.

Black was the forest; thick with beech it stood.
Dryden.

6. Not having due distinction of syllables, or good articulation; indistinct; as, a thick utterance.

7. Deep; profound; as, thick sleep. [R.] Shak.

8. Dull; not quick; as, thick of fearing. Shak.

His dimensions to any thick sight were invincible.
Shak.

9. Intimate; very friendly; familiar. [Colloq.]

We have been thick ever since.
T. Hughes.

&fist; Thick is often used in the formation of compounds, most of which are self-explaining; as, thick-barred, thick-bodied, thick-coming, thick-cut, thick-flying, thick- growing, thick-leaved, thick-lipped, thick-necked, thick-planted, thick-ribbed, thick-shelled, thick-woven, and the like.

Thick register. (Phon.) See the Note under Register, n., 7. -- Thick stuff (Naut.), all plank that is more than four inches thick and less than twelve. J. Knowles.

Syn. -- Dense; close; compact; solid; gross; coarse.

Thick, n. 1. The thickest part, or the time when anything is thickest.

In the thick of the dust and smoke.
Knolles.

2. A thicket; as, gloomy thicks. [Obs.] Drayton.

Through the thick they heard one rudely rush.
Spenser.

He through a little window cast his sight
Through thick of bars, that gave a scanty light.
Dryden.

Thick-and-thin block (Naut.), a fiddle block. See under Fiddle. -- Through thick and thin, through all obstacles and difficulties, both great and small.

Through thick and thin she followed him.
Hudibras.

He became the panegyrist, through thick and thin, of a military frenzy.
Coleridge.

Thick (th&ibreve;k), adv. [AS. þicce.] 1. Frequently; fast; quick.

2. Closely; as, a plat of ground thick sown.

3. To a great depth, or to a greater depth than usual; as, land covered thick with manure.

Thick and threefold, in quick succession, or in great numbers. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Thick, v. t. & i. [Cf. AS. þiccian.] To thicken. [R.]

The nightmare Life-in-death was she,
Who thicks man's blood with cold.
Coleridge.

Thick"bill` (?), n. The bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]

Thick"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thickened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thickening.] To make thick (in any sense of the word). Specifically: --

(a) To render dense; to inspissate; as, to thicken paint.

(b) To make close; to fill up interstices in; as, to thicken cloth; to thicken ranks of trees or men.

(c) To strengthen; to confirm. [Obs.]

And this may to thicken other proofs.
Shak.

(d) To make more frequent; as, to thicken blows.

Thick"en, v. i. To become thick. "Thy luster thickens when he shines by." Shak.

The press of people thickens to the court.
Dryden.

The combat thickens, like the storm that flies.
Dryden.

Thick"en*ing, n. Something put into a liquid or mass to make it thicker.

Thick"et (?), n. [AS. þiccet. See Thick, a.] A wood or a collection of trees, shrubs, etc., closely set; as, a ram caught in a thicket. Gen. xxii. 13.

Thick"head` (?), n. 1. A thick-headed or stupid person. [Colloq.]

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of Australian singing birds of the genus Pachycephala. The males of some of the species are bright-colored. Some of the species are popularly called thrushes.

Thick"-head`ed, a. Having a thick skull; stupid.

Thick"ish, a. Somewhat thick.

Thick"-knee` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A stone curlew. See under Stone.

Thick"ly, adv. In a thick manner; deeply; closely.

Thick"ness, n. [AS. &?;icnes.] The quality or state of being thick (in any of the senses of the adjective).

Thick"set` (?), a. 1. Close planted; as, a thickset wood; a thickset hedge. Dryden.

2. Having a short, thick body; stout.

Thick"set`, n. 1. A close or thick hedge.

2. A stout, twilled cotton cloth; a fustian corduroy, or velveteen. McElrath.

Thick"skin` (?), n. A coarse, gross person; a person void of sensibility or sinsitiveness; a dullard.

Thick"-skinned` (?), a. Having a thick skin; hence, not sensitive; dull; obtuse. Holland.

Thick"skull` (?), n. A dullard, or dull person; a blockhead; a numskull. Entick.

Thick"-skulled` (?), a. Having a thick skull; hence, dull; heavy; stupid; slow to learn.

Thick" wind` (?). (Far.) A defect of respiration in a horse, that is unassociated with noise in breathing or with the signs of emphysema.

Thick"-wind`ed, a. (Far.) Affected with thick wind.

Thid"er (?), adv. Thither. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thid"er*ward (?), adv. Thitherward. [Obs.]

Thief (thēf), n.; pl. Thieves (thēvz). [OE. thef, theef, AS. þeóf; akin to OFries. thiaf, OS. theof, thiof, D. dief, G. dieb, OHG. diob, Icel. þjōfr, Sw. tjuf, Dan. tyv, Goth. þiufs, þiubs, and perhaps to Lith. tupeti to squat or crouch down. Cf. Theft.] 1. One who steals; one who commits theft or larceny. See Theft.

There came a privy thief, men clepeth death.
Chaucer.

Where thieves break through and steal.
Matt. vi. 19.

2. A waster in the snuff of a candle. Bp. Hall.

Thief catcher. Same as Thief taker. -- Thief leader, one who leads or takes away a thief. L'Estrange. -- Thief taker, one whose business is to find and capture thieves and bring them to justice. -- Thief tube, a tube for withdrawing a sample of a liquid from a cask. -- Thieves' vinegar, a kind of aromatic vinegar for the sick room, taking its name from the story that thieves, by using it, were enabled to plunder, with impunity to health, in the great plague at London. [Eng.]

Syn. -- Robber; pilferer. -- Thief, Robber. A thief takes our property by stealth; a robber attacks us openly, and strips us by main force.

Take heed, have open eye, for thieves do foot by night.
Shak.

Some roving robber calling to his fellows.
Milton.

Thief"ly, a. & adv. Like a thief; thievish; thievishly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thi"ë*none (?), n. [Thiënyl + ketone.] (Chem.) A ketone derivative of thiophene obtained as a white crystalline substance, (C4H3S)2.CO, by the action of aluminium chloride and carbonyl chloride on thiophene.

Thi"ë*nyl (?), n. [Thiophene + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical C4H3S, regarded as the essential residue of thiophene and certain of its derivatives.

Thieve (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Thieved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thieving.] [AS. geþeófian.] To practice theft; to steal.

Thiev"er*y (?), n. 1. The practice of stealing; theft; thievishness.

Among the Spartans, thievery was a practice morally good and honest.
South.

2. That which is stolen. [Obs.] Shak.

Thiev"ish, a. 1. Given to stealing; addicted to theft; as, a thievish boy, a thievish magpie.

2. Like a thief; acting by stealth; sly; secret.

Time's thievish progress to eternity.
Shak.

3. Partaking of the nature of theft; accomplished by stealing; dishonest; as, a thievish practice.

Or with a base and biosterous sword enforce
A thievish living on the common road.
Shak.

-- Thiev"ish*ly, adv. -- Thiev"ish*ness, n.

Thigh (thī), n. [OE. thi, þih, þeh, AS. þeóh; akin to OFries. thiach, D. dij, dije, OHG. dioh, thioh, Icel. þjō thigh, rump, and probably to Lith. taukas fat of animals, tukti to become fat, Russ. tuke fat of animals. √56.] 1. (Anat.) The proximal segment of the hind limb between the knee and the trunk. See Femur.

2. (Zoöl.) The coxa, or femur, of an insect.

Thigh bone (Anat.), the femur.

Thilk (?), pron. [Cf. Ilk same.] That same; this; that. [Obs.] "I love thilk lass." Spenser.

Thou spake right now of thilke traitor death.
Chaucer.

Thill (?), n. [OE. thille, AS. &?;ille a board, plank, beam, thill; akin to &?;el a plank, D. deel a plank, floor, G. diele, OHG. dili, dilla, Icel. &?;ilja a plank, planking, a thwart, &?;ili a wainscot, plank; cf. Skr. tala a level surface. √236. Cf. Fill a thill, Deal a plank.] 1. One of the two long pieces of wood, extending before a vehicle, between which a horse is hitched; a shaft.

2. (Mining) The floor of a coal mine. Raymond.

Thill coupling, a device for connecting the thill of a vehicle to the axle.

Thill"er (?), n. The horse which goes between the thills, or shafts, and supports them; also, the last horse in a team; -- called also thill horse.

Thim"ble (?), n. [OE. thimbil, AS. &?;&?;mel, fr. &?;&?;ma a thumb. √56. See Thumb.] 1. A kind of cap or cover, or sometimes a broad ring, for the end of the finger, used in sewing to protect the finger when pushing the needle through the material. It is usually made of metal, and has upon the outer surface numerous small pits to catch the head of the needle.

2. (Mech.) Any thimble-shaped appendage or fixure. Specifically: -- (a) A tubular piece, generally a strut, through which a bolt or pin passes. (b) A fixed or movable ring, tube, or lining placed in a hole. (c) A tubular cone for expanding a flue; -- called ferrule in England.

3. (Naut.) A ring of thin metal formed with a grooved circumference so as to fit within an eye-spice, or the like, and protect it from chafing.

Thim"ble*ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), common in America.

Thim"ble*eye` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The chub mackerel. See under Chub.

Thim"ble*ful (?), n.; pl. Thimblefuls (&?;). As much as a thimble will hold; a very small quantity.

For a thimbleful of golf, a thimbleful of love.
Dryden.

Thim"ble*rig` (?), n. A sleight-of-hand trick played with three small cups, shaped like thimbles, and a small ball or little pea.

Thim"ble*rig`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thimblerigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thimblerigging.] To swindle by means of small cups or thimbles, and a pea or small ball placed under one of them and quickly shifted to another, the victim laying a wager that he knows under which cup it is; hence, to cheat by any trick.

Thim"ble*rig`ger (?), n. One who cheats by thimblerigging, or tricks of legerdemain.

Thim"ble*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the composite genus Rudbeckia, coarse herbs somewhat resembling the sunflower; -- so called from their conical receptacles.

Thin (?), a. [Compar. Thiner (?); superl. Thinest.] [OE. thinne, thenne, thunne, AS. þynne; akin to D. dun, G. dünn, OHG. dunni, Icel. þunnr, Sw. tunn, Dan. tynd, Gael. & Ir. tana, W. teneu, L. tenuis, Gr. &?; (in comp.) stretched out, &?; stretched, stretched out, long, Skr. tanu thin, slender; also to AS. &?;enian to extend, G. dehnen, Icel. &?;enja, Goth. &?;anjan (in comp.), L. tendere to stretch, tenere to hold, Gr. &?; to stretch, Skr. tan. √51 & 237. Cf. Attenuate, Dance, Tempt, Tenable, Tend to move, Tenous, Thunder, Tone.] 1. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite; as, a thin plate of metal; thin paper; a thin board; a thin covering.

2. Rare; not dense or thick; -- applied to fluids or soft mixtures; as, thin blood; thin broth; thin air. Shak.

In the day, when the air is more thin.
Bacon.

Satan, bowing low
His gray dissimulation, disappeared,
Into thin air diffused.
Milton.

3. Not close; not crowded; not filling the space; not having the individuals of which the thing is composed in a close or compact state; hence, not abundant; as, the trees of a forest are thin; the corn or grass is thin.

Ferrara is very large, but extremely thin of people.
Addison.

4. Not full or well grown; wanting in plumpness.

Seven thin ears . . . blasted with the east wind.
Gen. xli. 6.

5. Not stout; slim; slender; lean; gaunt; as, a person becomes thin by disease.

6. Wanting in body or volume; small; feeble; not full.

Thin, hollow sounds, and lamentable screams.
Dryden.

7. Slight; small; slender; flimsy; wanting substance or depth or force; superficial; inadequate; not sufficient for a covering; as, a thin disguise.

My tale is done, for my wit is but thin.
Chaucer.

&fist; Thin is used in the formation of compounds which are mostly self-explaining; as, thin-faced, thin-lipped, thin-peopled, thin-shelled, and the like.

Thin section. See under Section.

Thin, adv. Not thickly or closely; in a seattered state; as, seed sown thin.

Spain is thin sown of people.
Bacon.

Thin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thinning.] [Cf. AS. geþynnian.] To make thin (in any of the senses of the adjective).

Thin, v. i. To grow or become thin; -- used with some adverbs, as out, away, etc.; as, geological strata thin out, i. e., gradually diminish in thickness until they disappear.

Thine (&thlig;īn), pron. & a. [OE. thin, AS. ðīn, originally gen. of ðu, ðū, thou; akin to G. dein thine, Icel. þinn, possessive pron., þīn, gen. of þū thou, Goth. þeins, possessive pron., þeina, gen. of þu thou. See Thou, and cf. Thy.] A form of the possessive case of the pronoun thou, now superseded in common discourse by your, the possessive of you, but maintaining a place in solemn discourse, in poetry, and in the usual language of the Friends, or Quakers.

&fist; In the old style, thine was commonly shortened to thi (thy) when used attributively before words beginning with a consonant; now, thy is used also before vowels. Thine is often used absolutely, the thing possessed being understood.

Thing (th&ibreve;ng), n. [AS. þing a thing, cause, assembly, judicial assembly; akin to þingan to negotiate, þingian to reconcile, conciliate, D. ding a thing, OS. thing thing, assembly, judicial assembly, G. ding a thing, formerly also, an assembly, court, Icel. þing a thing, assembly, court, Sw. & Dan. ting; perhaps originally used of the transaction of or before a popular assembly, or the time appointed for such an assembly; cf. G. dingen to bargain, hire, MHG. dingen to hold court, speak before a court, negotiate, Goth. þeihs time, perhaps akin to L. tempus time. Cf. Hustings, and Temporal of time.] 1. Whatever exists, or is conceived to exist, as a separate entity, whether animate or inanimate; any separable or distinguishable object of thought.

God made . . . every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind.
Gen. i. 25.

He sent after this manner; ten asses laden with the good things of Egypt.
Gen. xiv. 23.

A thing of beauty is a joy forever.
Keats.

2. An inanimate object, in distinction from a living being; any lifeless material.

Ye meads and groves, unconscious things!
Cowper.

3. A transaction or occurrence; an event; a deed.

[And Jacob said] All these things are against me.
Gen. xlii. 36.

Which if ye tell me, I in like wise will tell you by what authority I do these things.
Matt. xxi. 24.

4. A portion or part; something.

Wicked men who understand any thing of wisdom.
Tillotson.

5. A diminutive or slighted object; any object viewed as merely existing; -- often used in pity or contempt.

See, sons, what things you are!
Shak.

The poor thing sighed, and . . . turned from me.
Addison.

I'll be this abject thing no more.
Granville.

I have a thing in prose.
Swift.

6. pl. Clothes; furniture; appurtenances; luggage; as, to pack or store one's things. [Colloq.]

&fist; Formerly, the singular was sometimes used in a plural or collective sense.

And them she gave her moebles and her thing.
Chaucer.

&fist; Thing was used in a very general sense in Old English, and is still heard colloquially where some more definite term would be used in careful composition.

In the garden [he] walketh to and fro,
And hath his things [i. e., prayers, devotions] said full courteously.
Chaucer.

Hearkening his minstrels their things play.
Chaucer.

7. (Law) Whatever may be possessed or owned; a property; -- distinguished from person.

8. [In this sense pronounced t&ibreve;ng.] In Scandinavian countries, a legislative or judicial assembly. Longfellow.

Things personal. (Law) Same as Personal property, under Personal. -- Things real. Same as Real property, under Real.

Think (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thought (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thinking.] [OE. thinken, properly, to seem, from AS. þyncean (cf. Methinks), but confounded with OE. thenken to think, fr. AS. þencean (imp. þōhte); akin to D. denken, dunken, OS. thenkian, thunkian, G. denken, dünken, Icel. þekkja to perceive, to know, þykkja to seem, Goth. þagkjan, þaggkjan, to think, þygkjan to think, to seem, OL. tongere to know. Cf. Thank, Thought.] 1. To seem or appear; - - used chiefly in the expressions methinketh or methinks, and methought.

&fist; These are genuine Anglo-Saxon expressions, equivalent to it seems to me, it seemed to me. In these expressions me is in the dative case.

2. To employ any of the intellectual powers except that of simple perception through the senses; to exercise the higher intellectual faculties.

For that I am
I know, because I think.
Dryden.

3. Specifically: -- (a) To call anything to mind; to remember; as, I would have sent the books, but I did not think of it.

Well thought upon; I have it here.
Shak.

(b) To reflect upon any subject; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to consider; to deliberate.

And when he thought thereon, he wept.
Mark xiv. 72.

He thought within himself, saying, What shall I do, because I have no room where to bestow my fruits?
Luke xii. 17.

(c) To form an opinion by reasoning; to judge; to conclude; to believe; as, I think it will rain to-morrow.

Let them marry to whom they think best.
Num. xxxvi. 6.

(d) To purpose; to intend; to design; to mean.

I thought to promote thee unto great honor.
Num. xxiv. 11.

Thou thought'st to help me.
Shak.

(e) To presume; to venture.

Think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father.
Matt. iii. 9.

&fist; To think, in a philosophical use as yet somewhat limited, designates the higher intellectual acts, the acts preëminently rational; to judge; to compare; to reason. Thinking is employed by Hamilton as "comprehending all our collective energies." It is defined by Mansel as "the act of knowing or judging by means of concepts,"by Lotze as "the reaction of the mind on the material supplied by external influences." See Thought.

To think better of. See under Better. -- To think much of, or To think well of, to hold in esteem; to esteem highly.

Syn. -- To expect; guess; cogitate; reflect; ponder; contemplate; meditate; muse; imagine; suppose; believe. See Expect, Guess.

Think, v. t. 1. To conceive; to imagine.

Charity . . . thinketh no evil.
1 Cor. xiii. 4,5.

2. To plan or design; to plot; to compass. [Obs.]

So little womanhood
And natural goodness, as to think the death
Of her own son.
Beau. & Fl.

3. To believe; to consider; to esteem.

Nor think superfluous other's aid.
Milton.

To think much, to esteem a great matter; to grudge. [Obs.] "[He] thought not much to clothe his enemies." Milton. -- To think scorn. (a) To disdain. [Obs.] "He thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone." Esther iii. 6. (b) To feel indignation. [Obs.]

Think"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being thought or conceived; cogitable. Sir W. Hamilton.

Think"er (?), n. One who thinks; especially and chiefly, one who thinks in a particular manner; as, a close thinker; a deep thinker; a coherent thinker.

Think"ing, a. Having the faculty of thought; cogitative; capable of a regular train of ideas; as, man is a thinking being. -- Think"ing*ly, adv.

Think"ing, n. The act of thinking; mode of thinking; imagination; cogitation; judgment.

I heard a bird so sing,
Whose music, to my thinking, pleased the king.
Shak.

Thin"ly (?), a. In a thin manner; in a loose, scattered manner; scantily; not thickly; as, ground thinly planted with trees; a country thinly inhabited.

Thin"ner (?), n. One who thins, or makes thinner.

Thin"ness, n. The quality or state of being thin (in any of the senses of the word).

Thin"nish (?), a. Somewhat thin.

Thin"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, shore + -lite.] (Min.) A calcareous tufa, in part crystalline, occurring on a large scale as a shore deposit about the Quaternary lake basins of Nevada.

Thin"-skinned` (?), a. Having a thin skin; hence, sensitive; irritable.

Thi"o- (?). [Gr. &?; brimstone, sulphur.] (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence of sulphur. See Sulpho-.

Thi`o*car"bon*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphocarbonate.

Thi`o*car*bon"ic (?), a. [Thio- + carbonic.] (Chem.) Same as Sulphocarbonic.

Thi`o*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Sulphocyanate.

Thi`o*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Thio- + cyanic.] (Chem.) Same as Sulphocyanic.

Thi`o*naph"thene (?), n. [Thiophene + naphthalene.] (Chem.) A double benzene and thiophene nucleus, C8H6S, analogous to naphthalene, and like it the base of a large series of derivatives. [Written also thionaphtene.]

Thi*on"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; brimstone, sulphur.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to sulphur; containing or resembling sulphur; specifically, designating certain of the thio compounds; as, the thionic acids. Cf. Dithionic, Trithionic, Tetrathionic, etc.

Thi"on*ine (?), n. [Gr. &?; brimstone, sulphur.] (Chem.) An artificial red or violet dyestuff consisting of a complex sulphur derivative of certain aromatic diamines, and obtained as a dark crystalline powder; -- called also phenylene violet.

Thi"on*ol (?), n. [Thionine + - ol.] (Chem.) A red or violet dyestuff having a greenish metallic luster. It is produced artificially, by the chemical dehydration of thionine, as a brown amorphous powder.

Thi*on"o*line (?), n. (Chem.) A beautiful fluorescent crystalline substance, intermediate in composition between thionol and thionine.

Thi"on*yl (?), n. [Thionic + - yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical SO, regarded as an essential constituent of certain sulphurous compounds; as, thionyl chloride.

Thi"o*phene (?), n. [Thio- + phenyl + -ene.] (Chem.) A sulphur hydrocarbon, C4H4S, analogous to furfuran and benzene, and acting as the base of a large number of substances which closely resemble the corresponding aromatic derivatives.

Thi`o*phen"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, thiophene; specifically, designating a certain acid analogous to benzoic acid.

Thi`o*phe"nol (?), n. [Thio- + phenol.] (Chem.) A colorless mobile liquid, C6H5.SH, of an offensive odor, and analogous to phenol; -- called also phenyl sulphydrate.

Thi*oph"thene (?), n. [Abbreviated from thionaphthene.] (Chem.) A double thiophene nucleus, C6H4S2, analogous to thionaphthene, and the base of a large series of compounds. [Written also thiophtene.]

Thi`o*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of thiosulphuric acid; -- formerly called hyposulphite.

&fist; The sodium salt called in photography by the name sodium hyposulphite, being used as a solvent for the excess of unchanged silver chloride, bromide, and iodide on the sensitive plate.

Thi`o*sul*phur"ic (?), a. [Thio- + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an unstable acid, H2S2O3, analogous to sulphuric acid, and formerly called hyposulphurous acid.

Thi`o*to"lene (?), n. [Thio- + toluene.] (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, C4H3S.CH3, analogous to, and resembling, toluene; -- called also methyl thiophene.

Thi*ox"ene (?), n. [Thiophene + xylene.] (Chem.) Any one of three possible metameric substances, which are dimethyl derivatives of thiophene, like the xylenes from benzene.

Third (th&etilde;rd), a. [OE. thirde, AS. þridda, fr. þrī, þreó, three; akin to D. derde third, G. dritte, Icel. þriði, Goth. þridja, L. tertius, Gr. tri`tos, Skr. t&rsdot;tīya. See Three, and cf. Riding a jurisdiction, Tierce.] 1. Next after the second; coming after two others; -- the ordinal of three; as, the third hour in the day. "The third night." Chaucer.

2. Constituting or being one of three equal parts into which anything is divided; as, the third part of a day.

Third estate. (a) In England, the commons, or the commonalty, who are represented in Parliament by the House of Commons. (b) In France, the tiers état. See Tiers état. Third order (R. C. Ch.), an order attached to a monastic order, and comprising men and women devoted to a rule of pious living, called the third rule, by a simple vow if they remain seculars, and by more solemn vows if they become regulars. See Tertiary, n., 1. -- Third person (Gram.), the person spoken of. See Person, n., 7. -- Third sound. (Mus.) See Third, n., 3.

Third (?), n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by three; one of three equal parts into which anything is divided.

2. The sixtieth part of a second of time.

3. (Mus.) The third tone of the scale; the mediant.

4. pl. (Law) The third part of the estate of a deceased husband, which, by some local laws, the widow is entitled to enjoy during her life.

Major third (Mus.), an interval of two tones. -- Minor third (Mus.), an interval of a tone and a half.

Third"-bor`ough (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) An under constable. Shak. Johnson.

Third"ings (?), n. pl. (Eng. Law) The third part of the corn or grain growing on the ground at the tenant's death, due to the lord for a heriot, as within the manor of Turfat in Herefordshire.

Third"ly, adv. In the third place. Bacon.

Third"-pen`ny (?), n. (A.S. Law) A third part of the profits of fines and penalties imposed at the country court, which was among the perquisites enjoyed by the earl.

Thirl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thirled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thirling.] [See Thrill.] To bore; to drill or thrill. See Thrill. [Obs. or Prov.]

That with a spear was thirled his breast bone.
Chaucer.

Thirl"age (?), n. [Cf. Thrall.] (Scots Law) The right which the owner of a mill possesses, by contract or law, to compel the tenants of a certain district, or of his sucken, to bring all their grain to his mill for grinding. Erskine.

Thirst (?), n. [OE. thirst, þurst, AS. þurst, þyrst; akin to D. dorst, OS. thurst, G. durst, Icel. þorsti, Sw. & Dan. törst, Goth. þaúrstei thirst, þaúrsus dry, withered, þaúrsieþ mik I thirst, gaþaírsan to wither, L. torrere to parch, Gr. te`rsesqai to become dry, tesai`nein to dry up, Skr. t&rsdot;sh to thirst. √54. Cf. Torrid.] 1. A sensation of dryness in the throat associated with a craving for liquids, produced by deprivation of drink, or by some other cause (as fear, excitement, etc.) which arrests the secretion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane; hence, the condition producing this sensation.

Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us, and our children . . . with thirst?
Ex. xvii. 3.

With thirst, with cold, with hunger so confounded.
Chaucer.

2. Fig.: A want and eager desire after anything; a craving or longing; -- usually with for, of, or after; as, the thirst for gold. "Thirst of worldy good." Fairfax. "The thirst I had of knowledge." Milton.

Thirst, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thirsted; p. pr. & vb. n. Thirsting.] [AS. þyrstan. See Thirst, n.] 1. To feel thirst; to experience a painful or uneasy sensation of the throat or fauces, as for want of drink.

The people thirsted there for water.
Ex. xvii. 3.

2. To have a vehement desire.

My soul thirsteth for . . . the living God.
Ps. xlii. 2.

Thirst, v. t. To have a thirst for. [R.]

He seeks his keeper's flesh, and thirsts his blood.
Prior.

Thirst"er (?), n. One who thirsts.

Thirst"i*ly (?), adv. In a thirsty manner.

Thirst"i*ness, n. The state of being thirsty; thirst.

Thirs"tle (?), n. The throstle. [Prov. Eng.]

Thirst"y (?), a. [Compar. Thirstier (?); superl. Thirstiest.] [AS. þurstig. See Thirst, n.] 1. Feeling thirst; having a painful or distressing sensation from want of drink; hence, having an eager desire.

Give me, I pray thee, a little water to drink, for I am thirsty.
Judges iv. 19.

2. Deficient in moisture; dry; parched.

A dry and thirsty land, where no water is.
Ps. lxiii. 1.

When in the sultry glebe I faint,
Or on the thirsty mountain pant.
Addison.

Thir"teen` (th&etilde;r"tēn`), a. [OE. threttene, AS. þreótēne, þreótyne. See Three, and Ten, and cf. Thirty.] One more than twelve; ten and three; as, thirteen ounces or pounds.

Thir"teen`, n. 1. The number greater by one than twelve; the sum of ten and three; thirteen units or objects.

2. A symbol representing thirteen units, as 13 or xiii.

Thir"teenth` (?), a. [From Thirteen: cf. AS. þreóteóða.] 1. Next in order after the twelfth; the third after the tenth; -- the ordinal of thirteen; as, the thirteenth day of the month.

2. Constituting or being one of thirteen equal parts into which anything is divided.

Thir"teenth`, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by thirteen; one of thirteen equal parts into which anything is divided.

2. The next in order after the twelfth.

3. (Mus.) The interval comprising an octave and a sixth.

Thir"ti*eth (?), a. [From Thirty: cf. AS. þrītigōða.] 1. Next in order after the twenty-ninth; the tenth after the twentieth; -- the ordinal of thirty; as, the thirtieth day of the month.

2. Constituting or being one of thirty equal parts into which anything is divided.

Thir"ti*eth, n. The quotient of a unit divided by thirty; one of thirty equal parts.

Thir"ty (?), a. [OE. thritty, AS. þrītig, þrittig; akin to D. dertig, G. dreissig, Icel. þrjātīu, þrjātigi, þrir teger, Goth. þreis tigjus, i.e., three tens. See Three, and Ten, and cf. Thirteen.] Being three times ten; consisting of one more than twenty-nine; twenty and ten; as, the month of June consists of thirty days.

Thir"ty (?), n.; pl. Thirties (&?;). 1. The sum of three tens, or twenty and ten; thirty units or objects.

2. A symbol expressing thirty, as 30, or XXX.

Thir"ty-sec`ond (?), a. Being one of thirty-two equal parts into which anything is divided.

Thirty-second note (Mus.), the thirty- second part of a whole note; a demi-semiquaver.

This (&thlig;&ibreve;s), pron. & a.; pl. These (&thlig;ēz). [OE. this, thes, AS. ðēs, masc., ðeós, fem., ðis, neut.; akin to OS. these, D. deze, G. dieser, OHG. diser, deser, Icel. þessi; originally from the definite article + a particle -se, -si; cf. Goth. sai behold. See The, That, and cf. These, Those.] 1. As a demonstrative pronoun, this denotes something that is present or near in place or time, or something just mentioned, or that is just about to be mentioned.

When they heard this, they were pricked in their heart.
Acts ii. 37.

But know this, that if the good man of the house had known in what watch the thief would come, he would have watched.
Matt. xxiv. 43.

2. As an adjective, this has the same demonstrative force as the pronoun, but is followed by a noun; as, this book; this way to town.

&fist; This may be used as opposed or correlative to that, and sometimes as opposed to other or to a second this. See the Note under That, 1.

This way and that wavering sails they bend.
Pope.

A body of this or that denomination is produced.
Boyle.

Their judgment in this we may not, and in that we need not, follow.
Hooker.

Consider the arguments which the author had to write this, or to design the other, before you arraign him.
Dryden.

Thy crimes . . . soon by this or this will end.
Addison.

&fist; This, like a, every, that, etc., may refer to a number, as of years, persons, etc., taken collectively or as a whole.

This twenty years have I been with thee..
Gen. xxxi. 38.

I have not wept this years; but now
My mother comes afresh into my eyes.
Dryden.

This"tle (?), n. [OE. thistil, AS. þistel; akin to D. & G. distel, OHG. distila, distil, Icel. þistill, Sw. tistel, Dan. tidsel; of uncertain origin.] (Bot.) Any one of several prickly composite plants, especially those of the genera Cnicus, Craduus, and Onopordon. The name is often also applied to other prickly plants.

Blessed thistle, Carduus benedictus, so named because it was formerly considered an antidote to the bite of venomous creatures. -- Bull thistle, Cnicus lanceolatus, the common large thistle of neglected pastures. -- Canada thistle, Cnicus arvensis, a native of Europe, but introduced into the United States from Canada. -- Cotton thistle, Onopordon Acanthium. -- Fuller's thistle, the teasel. -- Globe thistle, Melon thistle, etc. See under Globe, Melon, etc. -- Pine thistle, Atractylis gummifera, a native of the Mediterranean region. A vicid gum resin flows from the involucre. -- Scotch thistle, either the cotton thistle, or the musk thistle, or the spear thistle; -- all used national emblems of Scotland. -- Sow thistle, Sonchus oleraceus. -- Spear thistle. Same as Bull thistle. -- Star thistle, a species of Centaurea. See Centaurea. -- Torch thistle, a candelabra-shaped plant of the genus Cereus. See Cereus. -- Yellow thistle, Cincus horridulus.

Thistle bird (Zoöl.), the American goldfinch, or yellow-bird (Spinus tristis); -- so called on account of its feeding on the seeds of thistles. See Illust. under Goldfinch. -- Thistle butterfly (Zoöl.), a handsomely colored American butterfly (Vanessa cardui) whose larva feeds upon thistles; -- called also painted lady. -- Thistle cock (Zoöl.), the corn bunting (Emberiza militaria). [Prov. Eng.] -- Thistle crown, a gold coin of England of the reign of James I., worth four shillings. -- Thistle finch (Zoöl.), the goldfinch; -- so called from its fondness for thistle seeds. [Prov. Eng.] -- Thistle funnel, a funnel having a bulging body and flaring mouth.

This"tly (?), a. 1. Overgrown with thistles; as, thistly ground.

2. Fig.: Resembling a thistle or thistles; sharp; pricking.

In such a world, so thorny, and where none
Finds happiness unblighted, or, if found,
Without some thistly sorrow at its side.
Cowper.

Thith"er (?), adv. [OE. thider, AS. ðider; akin to E. that; cf. Icel. þaðra there, Goth. þaþrō thence. See That, and The.] 1. To that place; -- opposed to hither.

This city is near; . . . O, let me escape thither.
Gen. xix. 20.

Where I am, thither ye can not come.
John vii. 34.

2. To that point, end, or result; as, the argument tended thither.

Hither and thither, to this place and to that; one way and another.

Syn. -- There. Thither, There. Thither properly denotes motion toward a place; there denotes rest in a place; as, I am going thither, and shall meet you there. But thither has now become obsolete, except in poetry, or a style purposely conformed to the past, and there is now used in both senses; as, I shall go there to-morrow; we shall go there together.

Thith"er (?), a. 1. Being on the farther side from the person speaking; farther; -- a correlative of hither; as, on the thither side of the water. W. D. Howells.

2. Applied to time: On the thither side of, older than; of more years than. See Hither, a. Huxley.

Thith"er*to` (?), adv. To that point; so far. [Obs.]

Thith"er*ward (?), adv. To ward that place; in that direction.

They shall ask the way to Zion, with their faces thitherward.
Jer. l. 5.

Thit"see (?), n. [Written also theesee, and thietsie.] 1. (Bot.) The varnish tree of Burmah (Melanorrhœa usitatissima).

2. A black varnish obtained from the tree.

||Thlip"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; pressure, fr. &?; to press.] (Med.) Compression, especially constriction of vessels by an external cause.

Tho (&thlig;ō), def. art. The. [Obs.] Spenser.

Tho, pron. pl. Those. [Obs.]

This knowen tho that be to wives bound.
Chaucer.

Tho, adv. [AS. þā.] Then. [Obs.] Spenser.

To do obsequies as was tho the guise.
Chaucer.

Tho, conj. Though. [Reformed spelling.]

Thole (?), n. [Written also thowel, and thowl.] [OE. thol, AS. þol; akin to D. dol, Icel. þollr a fir tree, a young fir, a tree, a thole.] 1. A wooden or metal pin, set in the gunwale of a boat, to serve as a fulcrum for the oar in rowing. Longfellow.

2. The pin, or handle, of a scythe snath.

Thole pin. Same as Thole.

Thole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tholed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tholing.] [OE. þolen, þolien, AS. þolian; akin to OS. tholōn, OHG. dolēn, G. geduld patience, dulden to endure, Icel. þola, Sw. tåla, Dan. taale, Goth. þulan, L. tolerate, tulisse, to endure, bear, tollere to lift, bear, Gr. &?; to bear, Skr. tul to lift. √55. Cf. Tolerate.] To bear; to endure; to undergo. [Obs. or Scot.] Gower.

So much woe as I have with you tholed.
Chaucer.

To thole the winter's steely dribble.
Burns.

Thole, v. i. To wait. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

{ Tho*mæ"an, Tho*me"an} (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A member of the ancient church of Christians established on the Malabar coast of India, which some suppose to have been originally founded by the Apostle Thomas.

{ Tho"mism (?), Tho"ma*ism (?), } n. (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of Thomas Aquinas, esp. with respect to predestination and grace.

Tho"mist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Thomas Aquinas. See Scotist.

Tho"mite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A Thomæan.

Thom"sen*o*lite (?), n. [Named after Dr. J. Thomsen of Copenhagen. See -lite.] (Min.) A fluoride of aluminium, calcium, and sodium occurring with the cryolite of Greenland.

Thom"sen's dis*ease" (?). [From Thomsen, a physician of Sleswick.] (Med.) An affection apparently congenital, consisting in tonic contraction and stiffness of the voluntary muscles occurring after a period of muscular inaction.

Thom*so"ni*an (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to Thomsonianism. -- n. A believer in Thomsonianism; one who practices Thomsonianism.

Thom*so"ni*an*ism (?), n. (Med.) An empirical system which assumes that the human body is composed of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, and that vegetable medicines alone should be used; -- from the founder, Dr. Samuel Thomson, of Massachusetts.

Thom"son*ite (?), n. [From R. D. Thomson, of Glasgow.] (Min.) A zeolitic mineral, occurring generally in masses of a radiated structure. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda. Called also mesole, and comptonite.

Thong (?), n. [OE. thong, þwong, thwang, AS. þwang; akin to Icel. þvengr a thong, latchet. √57. Cf. Twinge.] A strap of leather; especially, one used for fastening anything.

And nails for loosened spears, and thongs for shields, provide.
Dryden.

Thong seal (Zoöl.), the bearded seal. See the Note under Seal.

Tho"oid (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the jacal + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to a group of carnivores, including the wovels and the dogs.

Thor (?), n. [Icel. þōrs. Cf. Thursday.] (Scand. Myth.) The god of thunder, and son of Odin.

||Tho`ra*cen*te"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thorax + &?; pricking, from &?; to prick, stab.] (Surg.) The operation of puncturing the chest wall so as to let out liquids contained in the cavity of the chest.

Tho*rac"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. thoracique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thorax, or chest.

Thoracic duct (Anat.), the great trunk of the lymphatic vessels, situated on the ventral side of the vertebral column in the thorax and abdomen. See Illust. of Lacteal.

Tho*rac"ic, n. [Cf. F. thoracique.] (Zoöl.) One of a group of fishes having the ventral fins placed beneath the thorax or beneath the pectorial fins.

||Tho*rac"i*ca (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of cirripeds including those which have six thoracic segments, usually bearing six pairs of cirri. The common barnacles are examples.

Tho`ra*com"e*ter (?), n. (Physiol.) Same as Stethometer.

Tho`ra*co*plas"ty (?), n. [Thorax + plasty.] (Med.) A remodeling or reshaping of the thorax; especially, the operation of removing the ribs, so as to obliterate the pleural cavity in cases of empyema.

||Tho`ra*cos"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL. See Thorax, and Ostracoid, a.] (Zoöl.) An extensive division of Crustacea, having a dorsal shield or carapec&?; &?;&?;niting all, or nearly all, of the thoracic somites to the head. It includes the crabs, lobsters, shrimps, and similar species.

Tho`ra*cot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, thorax + &?; to cut.] (Surg.) The operation of opening the pleural cavity by incision.

Tho"ral (?), a. [L. torus a couch, bed.] Of or pertaining to a bed. [R.]

Tho"rax (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Anat.) The part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen, containing that part of the body cavity the walls of which are supported by the dorsal vertebræ, the ribs, and the sternum, and which the heart and lungs are situated; the chest.

&fist; In mammals the thoracic cavity is completely separated from the abdominal by the diaphragm, but in birds and many reptiles the separation is incomplete, while in other reptiles, and in amphibians and fishes, there is no marked separation and no true thorax.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The middle region of the body of an insect, or that region which bears the legs and wings. It is composed of three united somites, each of which is composed of several distinct parts. See Illust. in Appendix. and Illust. of Coleoptera. (b) The second, or middle, region of the body of a crustacean, arachnid, or other articulate animal. In the case of decapod Crustacea, some writers include under the term thorax only the three segments bearing the maxillipeds; others include also the five segments bearing the legs. See Illust. in Appendix.

3. (Antiq.) A breastplate, cuirass, or corselet; especially, the breastplate worn by the ancient Greeks.

Tho"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Thorite.] (Chem.) A rare white earthy substance, consisting of the oxide of thorium; -- formerly called also thorina.

Thor"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to thorium; designating the compounds of thorium.

Tho"rite (?), n. [So called by Berzelius from the Scandinavian god Thor. See Thor.] (Min.) A mineral of a brown to black color, or, as in the variety orangite, orange-yellow. It is essentially a silicate of thorium.

Tho"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Thorite.] (Chem.) A metallic element found in certain rare minerals, as thorite, pyrochlore, monazite, etc., and isolated as an infusible gray metallic powder which burns in the air and forms thoria; -- formerly called also thorinum. Symbol Th. Atomic weight 232.0.

Thorn (?), n. [AS. þorn; akin to OS. & OFries. thorn, D. doorn, G. dorn, Dan. torn, Sw. törne, Icel. þorn, Goth. þaúrnus; cf. Pol. tarn, Russ. tern' the blackthorn, ternie thorns, Skr. t&rsdot;&nsdot;a grass, blade of grass. √53.] 1. A hard and sharp-pointed projection from a woody stem; usually, a branch so transformed; a spine.

2. (Bot.) Any shrub or small tree which bears thorns; especially, any species of the genus Cratægus, as the hawthorn, whitethorn, cockspur thorn.

3. Fig.: That which pricks or annoys as a thorn; anything troublesome; trouble; care.

There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me.
2 Cor. xii. 7.

The guilt of empire, all its thorns and cares,
Be only mine.
Southern.

4. The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter &?;, capital form &?;. It was used to represent both of the sounds of English th, as in thin, then. So called because it was the initial letter of thorn, a spine.

Thorn apple (Bot.), Jamestown weed. -- Thorn broom (Bot.), a shrub that produces thorns. -- Thorn hedge, a hedge of thorn-bearing trees or bushes. -- Thorn devil. (Zoöl.) See Moloch, 2. -- Thorn hopper (Zoöl.), a tree hopper (Thelia cratægi) which lives on the thorn bush, apple tree, and allied trees.

Thorn, v. t. To prick, as with a thorn. [Poetic]

I am the only rose of all the stock
That never thorn'd him.
Tennyson.

Thorn"back` (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) A European skate (Raia clavata) having thornlike spines on its back.

2. (Zoöl.) The large European spider crab or king crab (Maia squinado).

Thorn"bill` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small, brilliantly colored American birds of the genus Rhamphomicron. They have a long, slender, sharp bill, and feed upon honey, insects, and the juice of the sugar cane.

Thorn"bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small South American bird (Anumbius anumbii) allied to the ovenbirds of the genus Furnarius). It builds a very large and complex nest of twigs and thorns in a bush or tree.

Thorn"but (?), n. [Thorn + -but as in halibut; cf. G. dornbutt.] (Zoöl.) The turbot.

Thorn"-head`ed (?), a. Having a head armed with thorns or spines.

Thorn-headed worm (Zoöl.), any worm of the order Acanthocephala; -- called also thornhead.

Thorn"less, a. Destitute of, or free from, thorns.

Thorn"set` (?), a. Set with thorns. Dyer.

Thorn"tail` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A beautiful South American humming bird (Gouldia Popelairii), having the six outer tail feathers long, slender, and pointed. The head is ornamented with a long, pointed crest.

Thorn"y (?), a. [Compar. Thornier (?); superl. Thorniest.] [Cf. AS. þorniht.] 1. Full of thorns or spines; rough with thorns; spiny; as, a thorny wood; a thorny tree; a thorny crown.

2. Like a thorn or thorns; hence, figuratively, troublesome; vexatious; harassing; perplexing. "The thorny point of bare distress." Shak.

The steep and thorny way to heaven.
Shak.

Thorny rest-harrow (Bot.), rest- harrow. -- Thorny trefoil, a prickly plant of the genus Fagonia (F. Cretica, etc.).

Thor"o (?), a. Thorough. [Reformed spelling.]

Thor"ough (?), prep. [See Through.] Through. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.

Thor"ough, a. 1. Passing through; as, thorough lights in a house. [Obs.]

2. Passing through or to the end; hence, complete; perfect; as, a thorough reformation; thorough work; a thorough translator; a thorough poet.

Thor"ough, adv. 1. Thoroughly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chaucer.

2. Through. [Obs.] Shak.

Thor"ough, n. A furrow between two ridges, to drain off the surface water. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Thor"ough bass` (?). (Mus.) The representation of chords by figures placed under the base; figured bass; basso continuo; -- sometimes used as synonymous with harmony.

Thor"ough-brace` (?), n. A leather strap supporting the body of a carriage, and attached to springs, or serving as a spring. See Illust. of Chaise.

Thor"ough*bred` (?), a. Bred from the best blood through a long line; pure-blooded; -- said of stock, as horses. Hence, having the characteristics of such breeding; mettlesome; courageous; of elegant form, or the like. -- n. A thoroughbred animal, especially a horse.

Thor"ough*fare` (?), n. [AS. þurhfaru.] 1. A passage through; a passage from one street or opening to another; an unobstructed way open to the public; a public road; hence, a frequented street.

A large and splendid thoroughfare.
Motley.

2. A passing or going through; passage. [R.]

[Made] Hell and this world -- one realm, one continent
Of easy thoroughfare.
Milton.

Thor"ough*go`ing (?), a. 1. Going through, or to the end or bottom; very thorough; complete.

2. Going all lengths; extreme; thoroughplaced; -- less common in this sense.

Thor"ough-light`ed (?), a. (Arch.) Provided with thorough lights or windows at opposite sides, as a room or building. Gwilt.

Thor"ough*ly, adv. In a thorough manner; fully; entirely; completely.

Thor"ough*ness, n. The quality or state of being thorough; completeness.

Thor"ough*paced` (?), a. Perfect in what is undertaken; complete; going all lengths; as, a thoroughplaced Tory or Whig.

If she be a thoroughplaced impostor.
Sir W. Scott.

Thor"ough*pin` (?), n. (Far.) A disease of the hock (sometimes of the knee) of a horse, caused by inflammation of the synovial membrane and a consequent excessive secretion of the synovial fluid; -- probably so called because there is usually an oval swelling on each side of the leg, appearing somewhat as if a pin had been thrust through.

Thor"ough*sped` (?), a. Fully accomplished; thoroughplaced. [R.] Swift.

Thor"ough*stitch` (?), adv. So as to go the whole length of any business; fully; completely. [Obs.]

Preservance alone can carry us thoroughstitch.
L'Estrange.

Thor"ough*wax` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium) with perfoliate leaves. (b) Thoroughwort.

Thor"ough*wort` (?), n. Same as Boneset.

Thor"ow (?), prep. Through. [Obs.] "Thorow bramble, pits, and floods." Beau. & Fl.

Thor"ow, a. Thorough. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

{ Thorp, Thorpe} (thôrp), n. [AS. þorp; akin to OS. & OFries. thorp, D. dorp, G. dorf, Icel. þorp, Dan. torp, Sw. torp a cottage, a little farm, Goth. þaúrp a field, and probably to Lith. troba a building, a house, W. tref a hamlet, Ir. treabh a farmed village, a tribe, clan, Gael. treabhair houses, and perhaps to L. turba a crowd, mult. Cf. Dorp.] A group of houses in the country; a small village; a hamlet; a dorp; -- now chiefly occurring in names of places and persons; as, Althorp, Mablethorpe. "Within a little thorp I staid." Fairfax.

Then thorpe and byre arose in fire.
Tennyson.

Those (?), pron. [OE. þos, þas, AS. ðās, nom. and acc. pl. of ðēs this. See This, and cf. These.] The plural of that. See That.

||Thoth (?), n. 1. (Myth.) The god of eloquence and letters among the ancient Egyptians, and supposed to be the inventor of writing and philosophy. He corresponded to the Mercury of the Romans, and was usually represented as a human figure with the head of an ibis or a lamb.

2. (Zoöl.) The Egyptian sacred baboon.

Thou (?), pron. [Sing.: nom. Thou; poss. Thy (?) or Thine (&?;); obj. Thee (?). Pl.: nom. You (&?;); poss. Your (?) or Yours (&?;); obj. You.] [OE. thou, þu, AS. ðū, ðu; akin to OS. & OFries. thu, G., Dan. & Sw. du, Icel. þū, Goth. þu, Russ. tui, Ir. & Gael. tu, W. ti, L. tu, Gr. sy`, Dor. ty`, Skr. tvam. √185. Cf. Thee, Thine, Te Deum.] The second personal pronoun, in the singular number, denoting the person addressed; thyself; the pronoun which is used in addressing persons in the solemn or poetical style.

Art thou he that should come?
Matt. xi. 3.

&fist; "In Old English, generally, thou is the language of a lord to a servant, of an equal to an equal, and expresses also companionship, love, permission, defiance, scorn, threatening: whilst ye is the language of a servant to a lord, and of compliment, and further expresses honor, submission, or entreaty." Skeat.

&fist; Thou is now sometimes used by the Friends, or Quakers, in familiar discourse, though most of them corruptly say thee instead of thou.

Thou, v. t. To address as thou, esp. to do so in order to treat with insolent familiarity or contempt.

If thou thouest him some thrice, it shall not be amiss.
Shak.

Thou, v. i. To use the words thou and thee in discourse after the manner of the Friends. [R.]

Though (&thlig;ō), conj. [OE. thogh, þah, AS. ðeáh, ð&aemacr;h, ðēh; akin to OS. thōh, OFries. thach, D. & G. doch but, yet, OHG. doh but, yet though, Icel. þō yet, nevertheless, Sw. dock, Dan. dog, Goth. þáuh, þáu, than, or, yet; of uncertain origin. √184.] Granting, admitting, or supposing that; notwithstanding that; if.

Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him.
Job xiii. 15.

Not that I so affirm, though so it seem.
Milton.

&fist; It is compounded with all in although. See Although.

As though, as if.

In the vine were three branches; and it was as though it budded.
Gen. xl. 10.

Though, adv. However; nevertheless; notwithstanding; -- used in familiar language, and in the middle or at the end of a sentence.

I would not be as sick though for his place.
Shak.

A good cause would do well, though.
Dryden.

Thought (?), imp. & p. p. of Think.

Thought, n. [OE. þoght, þouht, AS. þōht, geþōht, fr. þencean to think; akin to D. gedachte thought, MHG. dāht, gedāht, Icel. þōttr, þōtti. See Think.] 1. The act of thinking; the exercise of the mind in any of its higher forms; reflection; cogitation.

Thought can not be superadded to matter, so as in any sense to render it true that matter can become cogitative.
Dr. T. Dwight.

2. Meditation; serious consideration.

Pride, of all others the most dangerous fault,
Proceeds from want of sense or want of thought.
Roscommon.

3. That which is thought; an idea; a mental conception, whether an opinion, judgment, fancy, purpose, or intention.

Thus Bethel spoke, who always speaks his thought.
Pope.

Why do you keep alone, . . .
Using those thoughts which should indeed have died
With them they think on?
Shak.

Thoughts come crowding in so fast upon me, that my only difficulty is to choose or to reject.
Dryden.

All their thoughts are against me for evil.
Ps. lvi. 5.

4. Solicitude; anxious care; concern.

Hawis was put in trouble, and died with thought and anguish before his business came to an end.
Bacon.

Take no thought for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink.
Matt. vi. 25.

5. A small degree or quantity; a trifle; as, a thought longer; a thought better. [Colloq.]

If the hair were a thought browner.
Shak.

&fist; Thought, in philosophical usage now somewhat current, denotes the capacity for, or the exercise of, the very highest intellectual functions, especially those usually comprehended under judgment.

This [faculty], to which I gave the name of the "elaborative faculty," -- the faculty of relations or comparison, -- constitutes what is properly denominated thought.
Sir W. Hamilton.

Syn. -- Idea; conception; imagination; fancy; conceit; notion; supposition; reflection; consideration; meditation; contemplation; cogitation; deliberation.

Thought"ful (?), a. 1. Full of thought; employed in meditation; contemplative; as, a man of thoughtful mind.

War, horrid war, your thoughtful walks invades.
Pope.

2. Attentive; careful; exercising the judgment; having the mind directed to an object; as, thoughtful of gain; thoughtful in seeking truth. Glanvill.

3. Anxious; solicitous; concerned.

Around her crowd distrust, and doubt, and fear,
And thoughtful foresight, and tormenting care.
Prior.

Syn. -- Considerate; deliberate; contemplative; attentive; careful; wary; circumspect; reflective; discreet. -- Thoughtful, Considerate. He who is habitually thoughtful rarely neglects his duty or his true interest; he who is considerate pauses to reflect and guard himself against error. One who is not thoughtful by nature, if he can be made considerate, will usually be guarded against serious mistakes. "He who is thoughtful does not forget his duty; he who is considerate pauses, and considers properly what is his duty. It is a recommendation to a subordinate person to be thoughtful in doing what is wished of him; it is the recommendation of a confidential person to be considerate, as he has often to judge according to his own discretion. Crabb.

-- Thought"ful*ly, adv. -- Thought"ful*ness, n.

Thought"less, adv. 1. Lacking thought; careless; inconsiderate; rash; as, a thoughtless person, or act.

2. Giddy; gay; dissipated. [R.] Johnson.

3. Deficient in reasoning power; stupid; dull.

Thoughtless as monarch oaks that shade the plain.
Dryden.

-- Thought"less*ly, adv. -- Thought"less*ness, n.

Thou"sand (?), n. [OE. þousend, þusend, AS. þūsend; akin to OS. thūsundig, thūsind, OFries. thusend, D. duizend, G. tausend, OHG. tūsunt, dūsunt, Icel. þūsund, þūshund, Sw. tusen, Dan. tusind, Goth. þūsundi, Lith. tukstantis, Russ. tuisiacha; of uncertain origin.] 1. The number of ten hundred; a collection or sum consisting of ten times one hundred units or objects.

2. Hence, indefinitely, a great number.

A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand.
Ps. xci. 7.

&fist; The word thousand often takes a plural form. See the Note under Hundred.

3. A symbol representing one thousand units; as, 1,000, M or CI&Crev;.

Thou"sand, a. 1. Consisting of ten hundred; being ten times one hundred.

2. Hence, consisting of a great number indefinitely. "Perplexed with a thousand cares." Shak.

Thou"sand*fold` (?), a. Multiplied by a thousand.

Thou"sand legs` (?). (Zoöl.) A millepid, or galleyworm; -- called also thousand-legged worm.

Thou"sandth (?), a. 1. Next in order after nine hundred and ninty-nine; coming last of a thousand successive individuals or units; -- the ordinal of thousand; as, the thousandth part of a thing.

2. Constituting, or being one of, a thousand equal parts into which anything is divided; the tenth of a hundredth.

3. Occurring as being one of, or the last one of, a very great number; very small; minute; -- used hyperbolically; as, to do a thing for the thousandth time.

Thou"sandth, n. The quotient of a unit divided by a thousand; one of a thousand equal parts into which a unit is divided.

{ Thow"el (?), Thowl (?), } n. [See Thole.] (Naut.) (a) A thole pin. (b) A rowlock.

I would sit impatiently thinking with what an unusual amount of noise the oars worked in the thowels.
Dickens.

Thra"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thrace, or its people. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thrace.

Thrack (?), v. t. To load or burden; as, to thrack a man with property. [Obs.] South.

Thrack"scat (?), n. Metal still in the mine. [Obs.]

Thral"dom (?), n. [Icel. &?;rældōmr. See Thrall, and -dom.] The condition of a thrall; slavery; bondage; state of servitude. [Written also thralldom.]

Women are born to thraldom and penance
And to be under man's governance.
Chaucer.

He shall rule, and she in thraldom live.
Dryden.

Thrall (?), n. [OE. thral, þral, Icel. þræll, perhaps through AS. þr&aemacr;l; akin to Sw. träl, Dan. træl, and probably to AS. þrægian to run, Goth. þragjan, Gr. tre`chein; cf. OHG. dregil, drigil, a servant.] 1. A slave; a bondman. Chaucer.

Gurth, the born thrall of Cedric.
Sir W. Scott.

2. Slavery; bondage; servitude; thraldom. Tennyson.

He still in thrall
Of all-subdoing sleep.
Chapman.

3. A shelf; a stand for barrels, etc. [Prov. Eng.]

Thrall, a. Of or pertaining to a thrall; in the condition of a thrall; bond; enslaved. [Obs.] Spenser.

The fiend that would make you thrall and bond.
Chaucer.

Thrall, v. t. To enslave. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser.

Thrall"dom (?), n. Thraldom.

Thrall"-less, a. (a) Having no thralls. (b) Not enslaved; not subject to bonds.

Thrall"-like` (?), a. Resembling a thrall, or his condition, feelings, or the like; slavish.

Servile and thrall-like fear.
Milton.

Thra"nite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, from &?; a bench, form, especially the topmost of the three benches in a trireme.] (Gr. Antiq.) One of the rowers on the topmost of the three benches in a trireme.

Thrap"ple (?), n. [Also thropple, corrupted fr. throttle.] Windpipe; throttle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

{ Thrash (?), Thresh (?) }, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrashing.] [OE. þreschen, þreshen, to beat, AS. þerscan, þrescan; akin to D. dorschen, OD. derschen, G. dreschen, OHG. dreskan, Icel. þreskja, Sw. tröska, Dan. tærske, Goth. þriskan, Lith. traszketi to rattle, Russ. treskate to burst, crackle, tresk' a crash, OSlav. troska a stroke of lighting. Cf. Thresh.] 1. To beat out grain from, as straw or husks; to beat the straw or husk of (grain) with a flail; to beat off, as the kernels of grain; as, to thrash wheat, rye, or oats; to thrash over the old straw.

The wheat was reaped, thrashed, and winnowed by machines.
H. Spencer.

2. To beat soundly, as with a stick or whip; to drub.

{ Thrash, Thresh}, v. t. 1. To practice thrashing grain or the like; to perform the business of beating grain from straw; as, a man who thrashes well.

2. Hence, to labor; to toil; also, to move violently.

I rather would be Mævius, thrash for rhymes,
Like his, the scorn and scandal of the times.
Dryden.

Thrash"el (?), n. An instrument to thrash with; a flail. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

{ Thrash"er (?), Thresh"er (?) }, n. 1. One who, or that which, thrashes grain; a thrashing machine.

2. (Zoöl.) A large and voracious shark (Alopias vulpes), remarkable for the great length of the upper lobe of its tail, with which it beats, or thrashes, its prey. It is found both upon the American and the European coasts. Called also fox shark, sea ape, sea fox, slasher, swingle-tail, and thrasher shark.

3. (Zoöl.) A name given to the brown thrush and other allied species. See Brown thrush.

Sage thrasher. (Zoöl.) See under Sage. -- Thrasher whale (Zoöl.), the common killer of the Atlantic.

Thrash"ing (?), a. & n. from Thrash, v.

Thrashing floor, Threshing-floor, or Threshing floor, a floor or area on which grain is beaten out. -- Thrashing machine, a machine for separating grain from the straw.

Thra*son"ic*al (?), a. [From Thrso, the name of a braggart soldier in Terence's "Eunuch:" cf. L. Thrasonianus.] Of or pertaining to Thraso; like, or becoming to, Thraso; bragging; boastful; vainglorious. -- Thra*son"ic*al*ly, adv.

Cæsar's thrasonical brag of 'I came, saw, and overcame.'
Shak.

Thraste (thräst), v. t. [imp. Thraste; p. p. Thrast.] To thrust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thrave (thrāv), n. [OE. þrave, þreve, Icel. þrefi; akin to Dan. trave; cf. Icel. þrīfa to grasp.] 1. Twenty-four (in some places, twelve) sheaves of wheat; a shock, or stook. [Prov. Eng.]

2. The number of two dozen; also, an indefinite number; a bunch; a company; a throng. "The worst of a thrave." [Obs.] Landsdowne MS.

He sends forth thraves of ballads to the sale.
Bp. Hall.

Thraw (thr&add;), n. & v. See Throse. [Scot.] Burns.

Thread (thr&ebreve;d), n. [OE. threed, þred, AS. þr&aemacr;d; akin to D. draad, G. draht wire, thread, OHG. drāt, Icel. þrāðr a thread, Sw. tråd, Dan. traad, and AS. þrāwan to twist. See Throw, and cf. Third.] 1. A very small twist of flax, wool, cotton, silk, or other fibrous substance, drawn out to considerable length; a compound cord consisting of two or more single yarns doubled, or joined together, and twisted.

2. A filament, as of a flower, or of any fibrous substance, as of bark; also, a line of gold or silver.

3. The prominent part of the spiral of a screw or nut; the rib. See Screw, n., 1.

4. Fig.: Something continued in a long course or tenor; a,s the thread of life, or of a discourse. Bp. Burnet.

5. Fig.: Composition; quality; fineness. [Obs.]

A neat courtier,
Of a most elegant thread.
B. Jonson.

Air thread, the fine white filaments which are seen floating in the air in summer, the production of spiders; gossamer. -- Thread and thrum, the good and bad together. [Obs.] Shak. -- Thread cell (Zoöl.), a lasso cell. See under Lasso. -- Thread herring (Zoöl.), the gizzard shad. See under Gizzard. -- Thread lace, lace made of linen thread. -- Thread needle, a game in which children stand in a row, joining hands, and in which the outer one, still holding his neighbor, runs between the others; -- called also thread the needle.

Thread, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Threading.] 1. To pass a thread through the eye of; as, to thread a needle.

2. To pass or pierce through as a narrow way; also, to effect or make, as one's way, through or between obstacles; to thrid.

Heavy trading ships . . . threading the Bosphorus.
Mitford.

They would not thread the gates.
Shak.

3. To form a thread, or spiral rib, on or in; as, to thread a screw or nut.

Thread"bare` (?), a. 1. Worn to the naked thread; having the nap worn off; threadbare clothes. "A threadbare cope." Chaucer.

2. Fig.: Worn out; as, a threadbare subject; stale topics and threadbare quotations. Swift.

Thread"bare`ness, n. The state of being threadbare.

Thread"en (?), a. Made of thread; as, threaden sails; a threaden fillet. [Obs.] Shak.

Thread"er (?), n. 1. A device for assisting in threading a needle.

2. A tool or machine for forming a thread on a screw or in a nut.

Thread"fin` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of fishes belonging to Polynemus and allied genera. They have numerous long pectoral filaments.

Thread"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The cutlass fish. (b) A carangoid fish (Caranx gallus, or C. crinitus) having the anterior rays of the soft dorsal and anal fins prolonged in the form of long threads.

Thread"i*ness (?), n. Quality of being thready.

Thread"-shaped` (?), a. Having the form of a thread; filiform.

Thread"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any long, slender nematode worm, especially the pinworm and filaria.

Thread"y (?), a. 1. Like thread or filaments; slender; as, the thready roots of a shrub.

2. Containing, or consisting of, thread.

Threap (thrēp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Threaping.] [AS. þreápian to reprove.] [Written also threpe, and threip.] 1. To call; to name. [Obs.]

2. To maintain obstinately against denial or contradiction; also, to contend or argue against (another) with obstinacy; to chide; as, he threaped me down that it was so. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.

3. To beat, or thrash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. To cozen, or cheat. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Threap, v. i. To contend obstinately; to be pertinacious. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

It's not for a man with a woman to threap.
Percy's Reliques.

Threap (?), n. An obstinate decision or determination; a pertinacious affirmation. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

He was taken a threap that he would have it finished before the year was done.
Carlyle.

Threat (thr&ebreve;t), n. [AS. þreát, akin to āþreótan to vex, G. verdriessen, OHG. irdriozan, Icel. þrjōta to fail, want, lack, Goth. usþriutan to vex, to trouble, Russ. trudite to impose a task, irritate, vex, L. trudere to push. Cf. Abstruse, Intrude, Obstrude, Protrude.] The expression of an intention to inflict evil or injury on another; the declaration of an evil, loss, or pain to come; menace; threatening; denunciation.

There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats.
Shak.

Threat, v. t. & i. [OE. þreten, AS. þreátian. See Threat, n.] To threaten. [Obs. or Poetic] Shak.

Of all his threating reck not a mite.
Chaucer.

Our dreaded admiral from far they threat.
Dryden.

Threat"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threatened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Threatening.] [OE. þretenen. See Threat, v. t.] 1. To utter threats against; to menace; to inspire with apprehension; to alarm, or attempt to alarm, as with the promise of something evil or disagreeable; to warn.

Let us straitly threaten them, that they speak henceforth to no man in this name.
Acts iv. 17.

2. To exhibit the appearance of (something evil or unpleasant) as approaching; to indicate as impending; to announce the conditional infliction of; as, to threaten war; to threaten death. Milton.

The skies look grimly
And threaten present blusters.
Shak.

Syn. -- To menace. -- Threaten, Menace. Threaten is Anglo-Saxon, and menace is Latin. As often happens, the former is the more familiar term; the latter is more employed in formal style. We are threatened with a drought; the country is menaced with war.

By turns put on the suppliant and the lord:
Threatened this moment, and the next implored.
Prior.

Of the sharp ax
Regardless, that o'er his devoted head
Hangs menacing.
Somerville.

Threat"en, v. i. To use threats, or menaces; also, to have a threatening appearance.

Though the seas threaten, they are merciful.
Shak.

Threat"en*er (?), n. One who threatens. Shak.

Threat"en*ing, a. & n. from Threaten, v. -- Threat"en*ing*ly, adv.

Threatening letters (Law), letters containing threats, especially those designed to extort money, or to obtain other property, by menaces; blackmailing letters.

Threat"ful (?), a. Full of threats; having a menacing appearance. Spenser. -- Threat"ful*ly, adv.

Threave (?), n. Same as Thrave. [Obs.]

Three (?), a. [OE. þre, þreo, þri, AS. þrī, masc., þreó, fem. and neut.; akin to OFries. thre, OS. thria, threa, D. drie, G. drei, OHG. drī, Icel. þrīr, Dan. & Sw. tre, Goth. þreis, Lith. trys, Ir., Gael. & W. tri, Russ. tri, L. tres, Gr. trei^s, Skr. tri. √301. Cf. 3d Drilling, Tern, a., Third, Thirteen, Thirty, Tierce, Trey, Tri-, Triad, Trinity, Tripod.] One more than two; two and one. "I offer thee three things." 2 Sam. xxiv. 12.

Three solemn aisles approach the shrine.
Keble.

&fist; Three is often joined with other words, forming compounds signifying divided into, composed of, or containing, three parts, portions, organs, or the like; as, three-branched, three-capsuled, three-celled, three-cleft, three-edged, three-foot, three- footed, three-forked, three-grained, three-headed, three-legged, three-mouthed, three-nooked, three-petaled, three-pronged, three-ribbed, three-seeded, three-stringed, three-toed, and the like.

Three, n. 1. The number greater by a unit than two; three units or objects.

2. A symbol representing three units, as 3 or iii.

Rule of three. (Arith.) See under Rule, n.

Three"-coat` (?), a. (Arch.) Having or consisting of three coats; -- applied to plastering which consists of pricking-up, floating, and a finishing coat; or, as called in the United States, a scratch coat, browning, and finishing coat.

Three"-cor`nered (?), a. 1. Having three corners, or angles; as, a three-cornered hat.

2. (Bot.) Having three prominent longitudinal angles; as, a three-cornered stem.

Three"-deck`er (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel of war carrying guns on three decks.

Three"-flow`ered (?), a. (Bot.) Bearing three flowers together, or only three flowers.

Three"fold` (?), a. [OE. þreofald; cf. AS. þrīfeald.] Consisting of three, or thrice repeated; triple; as, threefold justice.

A threefold cord is not quickly broken.
Eccl. iv. 12.

Three"-hand`ed (?), a. Said of games or contests where three persons play against each other, or two against one; as, a three-handed game of cards.

{ Three"-leafed` (?), Three"-leaved` (?), } a. (Bot.) (a) Producing three leaves; as, three-leaved nightshade. (b) Consisting of three distinct leaflets; having the leaflets arranged in threes.

Three-leaved nightshade. See Trillium.

Three"-lobed` (?), a. Having three lobes.

Three-lobed leaf (Bot.), a leaf divided into three parts, the sinuses extending not more than half way to the middle, and either the parts of the sinuses being rounded.

Three"-nerved` (?), a. Having three nerves.

Three-nerved leaf (Bot.), a leaf having three distinct and prominent ribs, or nerves, extending from the base.

Three"-part`ed (?), a. Divided into, or consisting of, three parts; tripartite.

Three-parted leaf (Bot.), a leaf divided into three parts down to the base, but not entirely separate.

Three"pence (?), n. A small silver coin of three times the value of a penny. [Eng.]

Three"pen*ny (?), a. Costing or worth three pence; hence, worth but little; poor; mean.

Three"-pile` (?), n. An old name for the finest and most costly kind of velvet, having a fine, thick pile.

I have served Prince Florizel and in my time wore three- pile.
Shak.

Three"-piled` (?), a. 1. Having the quality of three-pile; best; most costly. [R.]

Thou art good velvet; thou 'rt three-piled piece.
Shak.

2. Fig.: Extravagant; exaggerated; high- flown. "Three-piled hyperboles." Shak.

3. Accustomed to wearing three-pile; hence, of high rank, or wealth. [Obs.] "Three-piled people." Beau. & Fl.

Three"-ply` (?), a. Consisting of three distinct webs inwrought together in weaving, as cloth or carpeting; having three strands; threefold.

Three"-point`ed (?), a. (Bot.) Having three acute or setigerous points; tricuspidate.

Three"-quar`ter (?), a. (Paint.) Measuring thirty inches by twenty-five; -- said of portraitures.

Three-quarter length, a portrait showing the figure to the hips only.

Three"-score` (?), a. Thrice twenty; sixty.

Three"-sid`ed (?), a. Having three sides, especially three plane sides; as, a three-sided stem, leaf, petiole, peduncle, scape, or pericarp.

Three"-square` (?), a. Having a cross section in the form of an equilateral triangle; -- said especially of a kind of file.

Three"-valved` (?), a. Consisting of, or having, three valves; opening with three valves; as, a three-valved pericarp.

Three"-way` (?), a. Connected with, or serving to connect, three channels or pipes; as, a three-way cock or valve.

Threne (?), n. [L. threnus, Gr. &?;. Cf. Drone.] Lamentation; threnody; a dirge. Shak.

The threns . . . of the prophet Jeremiah.
Jer. Taylor.

{ Thre*net"ic (?), Thre*net"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;. See Threne.] Pertaining to a threne; sorrowful; mournful.

Thren"ode (?), n. A threne, or threnody; a dirge; a funeral song.

Thren"o*dist (?), n. One who composes, delivers, or utters, a threnode, or threnody.

Thren"o*dy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; a dirge + &?; a song. See Threne, and Ode.] A song of lamentation; a threnode. Sir T. Herbert.

Threpe (?), v. t. [See Threap.] To call; to term. [Obs.] "Luna silver we threpe." Chaucer.

Threp*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; nourishment + -logy.] (Med.) The doctrine of nutrition; a treatise on nutrition.

Thresh (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Threshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Threshing.] Same as Thrash.

He would thresh, and thereto dike and delve.
Chaucer.

Thresh"er (?), n. Same as Thrasher.

Thresh"-fold` (?), n. Threshold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thresh"old (?), n. [OE. threswold, þreshwold, AS. þrescwald, þerscwald, þerscold, þrescold, fr. þrescan, þerscan, to thresh; akin to Icel. þreskjöde, þröskuldr, Sw. tröskel, Dan. tærskel. See Thrash.] 1. The plank, stone, or piece of timber, which lies under a door, especially of a dwelling house, church, temple, or the like; the doorsill; hence, entrance; gate; door.

2. Fig.: The place or point of entering or beginning, entrance; outset; as, the threshold of life.

Thresh"wold` (?), n. Threshold. [Obs.]

Threste (?), v. t. [imp. Threste; p. p. & Threst.] To thrust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thret"teen` (?), a. Thirteen. [Obs. or Scot.]

Thret"ty (?), a. Thirty. [Obs. or Scot.] Burns.

Threw (?), imp. of Throw.

Thrib"ble (?), a. Triple; treble; threefold. [Prov. Eng. or Colloq.] Halliwell.

Thrice (?), adv. [OE. thries; thrie thrice (AS. þriga, þriwa) + - s, the adverbal suffix. See Three, and -wards.] 1. Three times. "Thrice in vain." Spenser.

Verily I say unto thee. That this night, before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.
Matt. xxvi. 34.

2. In a threefold manner or degree; repeatedly; very.

Thrice noble lord, let me entreat of you
To pardon me.
Shak.

Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just.
Shak.

&fist; Thrice is often used, generally with an intensive force, to form compounds which are usually of obvious meaning; as, in thrice-blessed, thrice-favored, thrice-hallowed, thrice-happy, thrice-told, and the like.

Thrice"cock` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

Thrid (?), a. Third. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thrid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thridded; p. pr. & vb. n. Thridding.] [A variant of thread.] 1. To pass through in the manner of a thread or a needle; to make or find a course through; to thread.

Some thrid the mazy ringlets of her hair.
Pope.

And now he thrids the bramble bush.
J. R. Drake.

I began
To thrid the musky-circled mazes.
Tennyson.

2. To make or effect (a way or course) through something; as, to thrid one's way through a wood.

Thrid, n. Thread; continuous line. [Archaic]

I resume the thrid of my discourse.
Dryden.

Thri"fal`low (?), v. t. See Thryfallow, and Trifallow. [R.] Tusser.

Thrift (?), n. [Icel. þrift. See Thrive.] 1. A thriving state; good husbandry; economical management in regard to property; frugality.

The rest, . . . willing to fall to thrift, prove very good husbands.
Spenser.

2. Success and advance in the acquisition of property; increase of worldly goods; gain; prosperity. "Your thrift is gone full clean." Chaucer.

I have a mind presages me such thrift.
Shak.

3. Vigorous growth, as of a plant.

4. (Bot.) One of several species of flowering plants of the genera Statice and Armeria.

Common thrift (Bot.), Armeria vulgaris; -- also called sea pink.

Syn. -- Frugality; economy; prosperity; gain; profit.

Thrift"i*ly (?), adv. 1. In a thrifty manner.

2. Carefully; properly; becomingly. [Obs.]

A young clerk . . . in Latin thriftily them gret [greeted].
Chaucer.

Thrift"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being thrifty; thrift.

Thrift"less, a. Without thrift; not prudent or prosperous in money affairs. -- Thrift"less*ly, adv. -- Thrift"less*ness, n.

Thrift"y (?), a. [Compar. Thriftier (?); superl. Thriftiest.] 1. Given to, or evincing, thrift; characterized by economy and good menegement of property; sparing; frugal.

Her chaffer was so thrifty and so new.
Chaucer.

I am glad he hath so much youth and vigor left, of which he hath not been thrifty.
Swift.

2. Thriving by industry and frugality; prosperous in the acquisition of worldly goods; increasing in wealth; as, a thrifty farmer or mechanic.

3. Growing rapidly or vigorously; thriving; as, a thrifty plant or colt.

4. Secured by thrift; well husbanded. [R.]

I have five hundred crowns,
The thrifty hire I saved under your father.
Shak.

5. Well appearing; looking or being in good condition; becoming. [Obs.]

I sit at home, I have no thrifty cloth.
Chaucer.

Syn. -- Frugal; sparing; economical; saving; careful.

Thrill (thr&ibreve;l), n. [See Trill.] A warbling; a trill.

Thrill, n. [AS. þyrel an aperture. See Thrill, v. t.] A breathing place or hole; a nostril, as of a bird.

Thrill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrilling.] [OE. thrillen, þirlen, þurlen, to pierce; all probably fr. AS. þyrlian, þyrelian, Fr. þyrel pierced; as a noun, a hole, fr. þurh through; probably akin to D. drillen to drill, to bore. √53. See Through, and cf. Drill to bore, Nostril, Trill to trickle.] 1. To perforate by a pointed instrument; to bore; to transfix; to drill. [Obs.]

He pierced through his chafed chest
With thrilling point of deadly iron brand.
Spenser.

2. Hence, to affect, as if by something that pierces or pricks; to cause to have a shivering, throbbing, tingling, or exquisite sensation; to pierce; to penetrate.

To bathe in flery floods, or to reside
In thrilling region of thick-ribbed ice.
Shak.

Vivid and picturesque turns of expression which thrill the &?;eader with sudden delight.
M. Arnold.

The cruel word her tender heart so thrilled,
That sudden cold did run through every vein.
Spenser.

3. To hurl; to throw; to cast. [Obs.]

I'll thrill my javelin.
Heywood.

Thrill, v. i. 1. To pierce, as something sharp; to penetrate; especially, to cause a tingling sensation that runs through the system with a slight shivering; as, a sharp sound thrills through the whole frame.

I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins.
Shak.

2. To feel a sharp, shivering, tingling, or exquisite sensation, running through the body.

To seek sweet safety out
In vaults and prisons, and to thrill and shake.
Shak.

Thrill, n. 1. A drill. See 3d Drill, 1.

2. A sensation as of being thrilled; a tremulous excitement; as, a thrill of horror; a thrill of joy. Burns.

Thrill"ant (?), a. Piercing; sharp; thrilling. [Obs.] "His thrillant spear." Spenser.

Thrill"ing, a. Causing a thrill; causing tremulous excitement; deeply moving; as, a thrilling romance. -- Thrill"ing*ly, adv. -- Thrill"ing*ness, n.

Thring (?), v. t. & i. [imp. Throng (?).] [AS. þringan. See Throng.] To press, crowd, or throng. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Thrips (?), n. [L., a woodworm, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous small species of Thysanoptera, especially those which attack useful plants, as the grain thrips (Thrips cerealium).

&fist; The term is also popularly applied to various other small injurious insects.

Thrist (?), n. Thrist. [Obs.] Spenser.

Thrit"tene` (?), a. Thirteen. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thrive (thrīv), v. i. [imp. Throve (thrōv) or Thrived (thrīvd); p. p. Thrived or Thriven (thr&ibreve;v"'n); p. pr. & vb. n. Thriving.] [OE. þriven, Icel. þrīfask; probably originally, to grasp for one's self, from þrīfa to grasp; akin to Dan. trives to thrive, Sw. trifvas. Cf. Thrift.] 1. To prosper by industry, economy, and good management of property; to increase in goods and estate; as, a farmer thrives by good husbandry.

Diligence and humility is the way to thrive in the riches of the understanding, as well as in gold.
I. Watts.

2. To prosper in any business; to have increase or success. "They by vices thrive." Sandys.

O son, why sit we here, each other viewing
Idly, while Satan, our great author, thrives?
Milton.

And so she throve and prospered.
Tennyson.

3. To increase in bulk or stature; to grow vigorously or luxuriantly, as a plant; to flourish; as, young cattle thrive in rich pastures; trees thrive in a good soil.

Thriv"en (?), p. p. of Thrive.

Thriv"er (?), n. One who thrives, or prospers.

Thriv"ing*ly, adv. In a thriving manner.

Thriv"ing*ness, n. The quality or condition of one who thrives; prosperity; growth; increase.

Thro' (?). A contraction of Through.

Throat (thrōt), n. [OE. throte, AS. þrote, þrotu; akin to OHG. drozza, G. drossel; cf. OFries. & D. stort. Cf. Throttle.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The part of the neck in front of, or ventral to, the vertebral column. (b) Hence, the passage through it to the stomach and lungs; the pharynx; -- sometimes restricted to the fauces.

I can vent clamor from my throat.
Shak.

2. A contracted portion of a vessel, or of a passage way; as, the throat of a pitcher or vase.

3. (Arch.) The part of a chimney between the gathering, or portion of the funnel which contracts in ascending, and the flue. Gwilt.

4. (Naut.) (a) The upper fore corner of a boom-and-gaff sail, or of a staysail. (b) That end of a gaff which is next the mast. (c) The angle where the arm of an anchor is joined to the shank. Totten.

5. (Shipbuilding) The inside of a timber knee.

6. (Bot.) The orifice of a tubular organ; the outer end of the tube of a monopetalous corolla; the faux, or fauces.

Throat brails (Naut.), brails attached to the gaff close to the mast. -- Throat halyards (Naut.), halyards that raise the throat of the gaff. -- Throat pipe (Anat.), the windpipe, or trachea. -- To give one the lie in his throat, to accuse one pointedly of lying abominably. -- To lie in one's throat, to lie flatly or abominably.

Throat, v. t. 1. To utter in the throat; to mutter; as, to throat threats. [Obs.] Chapman.

2. To mow, as beans, in a direction against their bending. [Prov. Eng.]

Throat"band` (?), n. Same as Throatlatch.

Throat"boll` (?), n. [Throat + boll a ball.] The Adam's apple in the neck. [Obs. or R.]

By the throatboll he caught Aleyn.
Chaucer.

Throat"ing, n. (Arch.) A drip, or drip molding.

Throat"latch` (?), n. A strap of a bridle, halter, or the like, passing under a horse's throat.

Throat"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Campanula Trachelium) formerly considered a remedy for sore throats because of its throat-shaped corolla.

Throat"y (?), a. Guttural; hoarse; having a guttural voice. "Hard, throaty words." Howell.

Throb (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Throbbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Throbbing.] [OE. þrobben; of uncertain origin; cf. Russ. trepete a trembling, and E. trepidation.] To beat, or pulsate, with more than usual force or rapidity; to beat in consequence of agitation; to palpitate; -- said of the heart, pulse, etc.

My heart
Throbs to know one thing.
Shak.

Here may his head lie on my throbbing breast.
Shak.

Throb, n. A beat, or strong pulsation, as of the heart and arteries; a violent beating; a papitation:

The impatient throbs and longings of a soul
That pants and reaches after distant good.
Addison.

Throd"den (?), v. i. [Prov. E. throdden, throddle, fat, thriving; cf. Icel. throask to grow.] To grow; to thrive. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Throe (?), n. [OE. þrowe, þrawe, AS. þreá a threatening, oppression, suffering, perhaps influenced by Icel. þrā a throe, a pang, a longing; cf. AS. þreowian to suffer.] 1. Extreme pain; violent pang; anguish; agony; especially, one of the pangs of travail in childbirth, or purturition.

Prodogious motion felt, and rueful throes.
Milton.

2. A tool for splitting wood into shingles; a frow.

Throe, v. i. To struggle in extreme pain; to be in agony; to agonize.

Throe, v. t. To put in agony. [R.] Shak.

||Throm*bo"sis (?), n. [NL. See Thrombus.] (Med.) The obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot formed at the site of obstruction; -- distinguished from embolism, which is produced by a clot or foreign body brought from a distance. -- Throm*bot"ic (#), a.

||Throm"bus (?), n.; pl. Thrombi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a lump, a clot of blood.] (Med.) (a) A clot of blood formed of a passage of a vessel and remaining at the site of coagulation. (b) A tumor produced by the escape of blood into the subcutaneous cellular tissue.

Throne (?), n. [OE. trone, F. trône, L. thronus, Gr. &?;; cf. &?; a bench, &?; a footstool, &?; to set one's self, to sit, Skr. dhara&nsdot;a supporting, dh&rsdot; to hold fast, carry, and E. firm, a.] 1. A chair of state, commonly a royal seat, but sometimes the seat of a prince, bishop, or other high dignitary.

The noble king is set up in his throne.
Chaucer.

High on a throne of royal state.
Milton.

2. Hence, sovereign power and dignity; also, the one who occupies a throne, or is invested with sovereign authority; an exalted or dignified personage.

Only in the throne will I be greater than thou.
Gen. xli. 40.

To mold a mighty state's decrees,
And shape the whisper of the throne.
Tennyson.

3. pl. A high order of angels in the celestial hierarchy; -- a meaning given by the schoolmen. Milton.

Great Sire! whom thrones celestial ceaseless sing.
Young.

Throne, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Throned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Throning.] 1. To place on a royal seat; to enthrone. Shak.

2. To place in an elevated position; to give sovereignty or dominion to; to exalt.

True image of the Father, whether throned
In the bosom of bliss, and light of light.
Milton.

Throne (?), v. i. To be in, or sit upon, a throne; to be placed as if upon a throne. Shak.

Throne"less, a. Having no throne.

Throng (?), n. [OE. þrong, þrang, AS. geþrang, fr. þringan to crowd, to press; akin to OS. thringan, D. & G. dringen, OHG. dringan, Icel. þryngva, þröngva, Goth. þriehan, D. & G. drang a throng, press, Icel. þröng a throng, Lith. trenkti to jolt, tranksmas a tumult. Cf. Thring.] 1. A multitude of persons or of living beings pressing or pressed into a close body or assemblage; a crowd.

2. A great multitude; as, the heavenly throng.

Syn. -- Throng, Multitude, Crowd. Any great number of persons form a multitude; a throng is a large number of persons who are gathered or are moving together in a collective body; a crowd is composed of a large or small number of persons who press together so as to bring their bodies into immediate or inconvenient contact. A dispersed multitude; the throngs in the streets of a city; the crowd at a fair or a street fight. But these distinctions are not carefully observed.

So, with this bold opposer rushes on
This many-headed monster, multitude.
Daniel.

Not to know me argues yourselves unknown,
The lowest of your throng.
Milton.

I come from empty noise, and tasteless pomp,
From crowds that hide a monarch from himself.
Johnson.

Throng, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thronged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thronging.] To crowd together; to press together into a close body, as a multitude of persons; to gather or move in multitudes.

I have seen the dumb men throng to see him.
Shak.

Throng, v. t. 1. To crowd, or press, as persons; to oppress or annoy with a crowd of living beings.

Much people followed him, and thronged him.
Mark v. 24.

2. To crowd into; to fill closely by crowding or pressing into, as a hall or a street. Shak.

Throng, a. Thronged; crowded; also, much occupied; busy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bp. Sanderson.

To the intent the sick . . . should not lie too throng.
Robynson (More's Utopia).

Throng"ly, adv. In throngs or crowds. [Obs.]

Throp (?), n. A thorp. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Throp"ple (?), n. [Cf. Thrapple, and see Throttle.] The windpipe. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Throp"ple, v. t. To throttle. [Prov. Eng.]

Thros"tle (?), n. [OE. throsel, AS. þrostle, þrosle; akin to MHG. trostel, G. drossel, Icel. þröstr, Sw. trast, Lith. strazdas, L. turdus. √238. Cf. Thrush the bird.] 1. (Zoöl.) The song thrush. See under Song.

2. A machine for spinning wool, cotton, etc., from the rove, consisting of a set of drawing rollers with bobbins and flyers, and differing from the mule in having the twisting apparatus stationary and the processes continuous; -- so called because it makes a singing noise.

Throstle cock, the missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

Thros"tling (?), n. [Cf. Throttle.] A disease of bovine cattle, consisting of a swelling under the throat, which, unless checked, causes strangulation.

Throt"tle (?), n. [Dim. of throat. See Throat.] 1. The windpipe, or trachea; the weasand. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Steam Engine) The throttle valve.

Throttle lever (Steam Engine), the hand lever by which a throttle valve is moved, especially in a locomotive. -- Throttle valve (Steam Engine), a valve moved by hand or by a governor for regulating the supply of steam to the steam chest. In one form it consists of a disk turning on a transverse axis.

Throt"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Throttled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Throttling (?).] 1. To compress the throat of; to choke; to strangle.

Grant him this, and the Parliament hath no more freedom than if it sat in his noose, which, when he pleases to draw together with one twitch of his negative, shall throttle a whole nation, to the wish of Caligula, in one neck.
Milton.

2. To utter with breaks and interruption, in the manner of a person half suffocated. [R.]

Throttle their practiced accent in their fears.
Shak.

3. To shut off, or reduce flow of, as steam to an engine.

Throt"tle, v. i. 1. To have the throat obstructed so as to be in danger of suffocation; to choke; to suffocate.

2. To breathe hard, as when nearly suffocated.

Throt"tler (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, throttles, or chokes.

2. (Zoöl.) See Flasher, 3 (b). [Prov. Eng.]

Through (?), prep. [OE. thurgh, þurh, þuruh, þoruh, AS. þurh; akin to OS. thurh, thuru, OFries. thruch, D. door, OHG. durh, duruh, G. durch, Goth. þaírh; cf. Ir. tri, tre, W. trwy. √53. Cf. Nostril, Thorough, Thrill.] 1. From end to end of, or from side to side of; from one surface or limit of, to the opposite; into and out of at the opposite, or at another, point; as, to bore through a piece of timber, or through a board; a ball passes through the side of a ship.

2. Between the sides or walls of; within; as, to pass through a door; to go through an avenue.

Through the gate of ivory he dismissed
His valiant offspring.
Dryden.

3. By means of; by the agency of.

Through these hands this science has passed with great applause.
Sir W. Temple.

Material things are presented only through their senses.
Cheyne.

4. Over the whole surface or extent of; as, to ride through the country; to look through an account.

5. Among or in the midst of; -- used to denote passage; as, a fish swims through the water; the light glimmers through a thicket.

6. From the beginning to the end of; to the end or conclusion of; as, through life; through the year.

Through, adv. 1. From one end or side to the other; as, to pierce a thing through.

2. From beginning to end; as, to read a letter through.

3. To the end; to a conclusion; to the ultimate purpose; as, to carry a project through.

&fist; Through was formerly used to form compound adjectives where we now use thorough; as, through-bred; through- lighted; through-placed, etc.

To drop through, to fall through; to come to naught; to fail. -- To fall through. See under Fall, v. i.

Through (?), a. Going or extending through; going, extending, or serving from the beginning to the end; thorough; complete; as, a through line; a through ticket; a through train. Also, admitting of passage through; as, a through bridge.

Through bolt, a bolt which passes through all the thickness or layers of that which it fastens, or in which it is fixed. -- Through bridge, a bridge in which the floor is supported by the lower chords of the tissues instead of the upper, so that travel is between the trusses and not over them. Cf. Deck bridge, under Deck. -- Through cold, a deep- seated cold. [Obs.] Holland. -- Through stone, a flat gravestone. [Scot.] [Written also through stane.] Sir W. Scott. -- Through ticket, a ticket for the whole journey. -- Through train, a train which goes the whole length of a railway, or of a long route.

Through"ly, adv. Thoroughly. [Obs.] Bacon.

Wash me throughly from mine iniquity.
Ps. li. 2.

To dare in fields is valor; but how few
Dare to be throughly valiant to be true?
Dryden.

Through*out" (?), prep. Quite through; from one extremity to the other of; also, every part of; as, to search throughout the house.

Nor to their idle orbs doth sight appear
Of sun, or moon, or star, throughout the year.
Milton.

Through*out", adv. In every part; as, the cloth was of a piece throughout.

Throve (?), imp. of Thrive.

Throw (thrō), n. [See Throe.] Pain; especially, pain of travail; throe. [Obs.] Spenser. Dryden.

Throw, n. [AS. þrāh, þrāg.] Time; while; space of time; moment; trice. [Obs.] Shak.

I will with Thomas speak a little throw.
Chaucer.

Throw, v. t. [imp. Threw (thr&udd;); p. p. Thrown (thrōn); p. pr. & vb. n. Throwing.] [OE. þrowen, þrawen, to throw, to twist, AS. þrāwan to twist, to whirl; akin to D. draaijen, G. drehen, OHG. drājan, L. terebra an auger, gimlet, Gr. &?; to bore, to turn, &?; to pierce, &?; a hole. Cf. Thread, Trite, Turn, v. t.] 1. To fling, cast, or hurl with a certain whirling motion of the arm, to throw a ball; -- distinguished from to toss, or to bowl.

2. To fling or cast in any manner; to drive to a distance from the hand or from an engine; to propel; to send; as, to throw stones or dust with the hand; a cannon throws a ball; a fire engine throws a stream of water to extinguish flames.

3. To drive by violence; as, a vessel or sailors may be thrown upon a rock.

4. (Mil.) To cause to take a strategic position; as, he threw a detachment of his army across the river.

5. To overturn; to prostrate in wrestling; as, a man throws his antagonist.

6. To cast, as dice; to venture at dice.

Set less than thou throwest.
Shak.

7. To put on hastily; to spread carelessly.

O'er his fair limbs a flowery vest he threw.
Pope.

8. To divest or strip one's self of; to put off.

There the snake throws her enameled skin.
Shak.

9. (Pottery) To form or shape roughly on a throwing engine, or potter's wheel, as earthen vessels.

10. To give forcible utterance to; to cast; to vent.

I have thrown
A brave defiance in King Henry's teeth.
Shak.

11. To bring forth; to produce, as young; to bear; -- said especially of rabbits.

12. To twist two or more filaments of, as silk, so as to form one thread; to twist together, as singles, in a direction contrary to the twist of the singles themselves; -- sometimes applied to the whole class of operations by which silk is prepared for the weaver. Tomlinson.

To throw away. (a) To lose by neglect or folly; to spend in vain; to bestow without a compensation; as, to throw away time; to throw away money. (b) To reject; as, to throw away a good book, or a good offer. -- To throw back. (a) To retort; to cast back, as a reply. (b) To reject; to refuse. (c) To reflect, as light. -- To throw by, to lay aside; to discard; to neglect as useless; as, to throw by a garment. -- To throw down, to subvert; to overthrow; to destroy; as, to throw down a fence or wall. -- To throw in. (a) To inject, as a fluid. (b) To put in; to deposit with others; to contribute; as, to throw in a few dollars to help make up a fund; to throw in an occasional comment. (c) To add without enumeration or valuation, as something extra to clinch a bargain. -- To throw off. (a) To expel; to free one's self from; as, to throw off a disease. (b) To reject; to discard; to abandon; as, to throw off all sense of shame; to throw off a dependent. (c) To make a start in a hunt or race. [Eng.] -- To throw on, to cast on; to load. -- To throw one's self down, to lie down neglectively or suddenly. -- To throw one's self on or upon. (a) To fall upon. (b) To resign one's self to the favor, clemency, or sustain power of (another); to repose upon. -- To throw out. (a) To cast out; to reject or discard; to expel. "The other two, whom they had thrown out, they were content should enjoy their exile." Swift. "The bill was thrown out." Swift. (b) To utter; to give utterance to; to speak; as, to throw out insinuation or observation. "She throws out thrilling shrieks." Spenser. (c) To distance; to leave behind. Addison. (d) To cause to project; as, to throw out a pier or an abutment. (e) To give forth; to emit; as, an electric lamp throws out a brilliant light. (f) To put out; to confuse; as, a sudden question often throws out an orator. -- To throw over, to abandon the cause of; to desert; to discard; as, to throw over a friend in difficulties. -- To throw up. (a) To resign; to give up; to demit; as, to throw up a commission. "Experienced gamesters throw up their cards when they know that the game is in the enemy's hand." Addison. (b) To reject from the stomach; to vomit. (c) To construct hastily; as, to throw up a breastwork of earth.

Throw (?), v. i. To perform the act of throwing or casting; to cast; specifically, to cast dice.

To throw about, to cast about; to try expedients. [R.]

Throw, n. 1. The act of hurling or flinging; a driving or propelling from the hand or an engine; a cast.

He heaved a stone, and, rising to the throw,
He sent it in a whirlwind at the foe.
Addison.

2. A stroke; a blow. [Obs.]

Nor shield defend the thunder of his throws.
Spenser.

3. The distance which a missile is, or may be, thrown; as, a stone's throw.

4. A cast of dice; the manner in which dice fall when cast; as, a good throw.

5. An effort; a violent sally. [Obs.]

Your youth admires
The throws and swellings of a Roman soul.
Addison.

6. (Mach.) The extreme movement given to a sliding or vibrating reciprocating piece by a cam, crank, eccentric, or the like; travel; stroke; as, the throw of a slide valve. Also, frequently, the length of the radius of a crank, or the eccentricity of an eccentric; as, the throw of the crank of a steam engine is equal to half the stroke of the piston.

7. (Pottery) A potter's wheel or table; a jigger. See 2d Jigger, 2 (a).

8. A turner's lathe; a throwe. [Prov. Eng.]

9. (Mining) The amount of vertical displacement produced by a fault; -- according to the direction it is designated as an upthrow, or a downthrow.

Throw"-crook` (?), n. (Agric.) An instrument used for twisting ropes out of straw.

Throwe (?), n. A turning lathe. [Prov. Eng.]

Throw"er (?), n. One who throws. Specifically: (a) One who throws or twists silk; a throwster. (b) One who shapes vessels on a throwing engine.

Throw"ing, a. & n. from Throw, v.

Throwing engine, Throwing mill, Throwing table, or Throwing wheel (Pottery), a machine on which earthenware is first rudely shaped by the hand of the potter from a mass of clay revolving rapidly on a disk or table carried by a vertical spindle; a potter's wheel.

Thrown (?), a. & p. p. from Throw, v.

Thrown silk, silk thread consisting of two or more singles twisted together like a rope, in a direction contrary to that in which the singles of which it is composed are twisted. M'Culloch. -- Thrown singles, silk thread or cord made by three processes of twisting, first into singles, two or more of which are twisted together making dumb singles, and several of these twisted together to make thrown singles.

Throw"-off` (?), n. A start in a hunt or a race. [Eng.]

Throw"ster (?), n. [Throw + - ster.] One who throws or twists silk; a thrower.

Thru (?), prep., adv. & a. Through. [Ref. spelling.]

Thrum (?), n. [OE. thrum, throm; akin to OD. drom, D. dreum, G. trumm, lump, end, fragment, OHG. drum end, Icel. &?;römr edge, brim, and L. terminus a limit, term. Cf. Term.] [Written also thrumb.] 1. One of the ends of weaver's threads; hence, any soft, short threads or tufts resembling these.

2. Any coarse yarn; an unraveled strand of rope.

3. (Bot.) A threadlike part of a flower; a stamen.

4. (Mining) A shove out of place; a small displacement or fault along a seam.

5. (Naut.) A mat made of canvas and tufts of yarn.

Thrum cap, a knitted cap. Halliwell. - - Thrum hat, a hat made of coarse woolen cloth. Minsheu.

Thrum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrumming.] 1. To furnish with thrums; to insert tufts in; to fringe.

Are we born to thrum caps or pick straw?
Quarles.

2. (Naut.) To insert short pieces of rope- yarn or spun yarn in; as, to thrum a piece of canvas, or a mat, thus making a rough or tufted surface. Totten.

Thrum, v. i. [CF. Icel. &?;ruma to rattle, to thunder, and E. drum.] 1. To play rudely or monotonously on a stringed instrument with the fingers; to strum.

2. Hence, to make a monotonous drumming noise; as, to thrum on a table.

Thrum, v. t. 1. To play, as a stringed instrument, in a rude or monotonous manner.

2. Hence, to drum on; to strike in a monotonous manner; to thrum the table.

Thrum"-eyed` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the anthers raised above the stigma, and visible at the throat of the corolla, as in long-stamened primroses; -- the reverse of pin- eyed.

Thrum"my (?), a. Like thrums; made of, furnished with, or characterized by, thrums. Dampier.

On her head thrummy cap she had.
Chalkhill.

Thrum"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of amaranth (Amarantus caudatus). Dr. Prior.

Thru*out" (?). Throughout. [Ref. spelling.]

Thrush (?), n. [OE. þrusche, AS. þrysce; akin to OHG. drosca, droscea, droscela, and E. throstle. Cf. Throstle.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of singing birds belonging to Turdus and allied genera. They are noted for the sweetness of their songs.

&fist; Among the best-known European species are the song thrush or throstle (Turdus musicus), the missel thrush (see under Missel), the European redwing, and the blackbird. The most important American species are the wood thrush (Turdus mustelinus), Wilson's thrush (T. fuscescens), the hermit thrush (see under Hermit), Swainson's thrush (T. Aliciæ), and the migratory thrush, or American robin (see Robin).

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of singing birds more or less resembling the true thrushes in appearance or habits; as the thunderbird and the American brown thrush (or thrasher). See Brown thrush.

Ant thrush. See Ant thrush, Breve, and Pitta. -- Babbling thrush, any one of numerous species of Asiatic timaline birds; -- called also babbler. -- Fruit thrush, any species of bulbul. -- Shrike thrush. See under Shrike. -- Stone thrush, the missel thrush; -- said to be so called from its marbled breast. -- Thrush nightingale. See Nightingale, 2. - - Thrush tit, any one of several species of Asiatic singing birds of the genus Cochoa. They are beautifully colored birds allied to the tits, but resembling thrushes in size and habits. -- Water thrush. (a) The European dipper. (b) An American warbler (Seiurus Noveboracensis).

Thrush (?), n. [Akin to Dan. tröske, Sw. trosk; cf. Dan. tör dry, Sw. torr, Icel. þurr, AS. þyrr, OE. thrust thrist, E. thrist.] 1. (Med.) An affection of the mouth, fauces, etc., common in newly born children, characterized by minute ulcers called aphthæ. See Aphthæ.

2. (Far.) An inflammatory and suppurative affection of the feet in certain animals. In the horse it is in the frog.

Thrush"el (?), n. The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

Thrush"er (?), n. The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

Thrust (?), n. & v. Thrist. [Obs.] Spenser.

Thrust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrust (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrusting.] [OE. &?;rusten, &?;risten, &?;resten, Icel. &?;r&?;st&?; to thrust, press, force, compel; perhaps akin to E. threat.] 1. To push or drive with force; to drive, force, or impel; to shove; as, to thrust anything with the hand or foot, or with an instrument.

Into a dungeon thrust, to work with slaves.
Milton.

2. To stab; to pierce; -- usually with through.

To thrust away or from, to push away; to reject. -- To thrust in, to push or drive in. -- To thrust off, to push away. - - To thrust on, to impel; to urge. -- To thrust one's self in or into, to obtrude upon, to intrude, as into a room; to enter (a place) where one is not invited or not welcome. -- To thrust out, to drive out or away; to expel. -- To thrust through, to pierce; to stab. "I am eight times thrust through the doublet." Shak. -- To thrust together, to compress.

Thrust, v. i. 1. To make a push; to attack with a pointed weapon; as, a fencer thrusts at his antagonist.

2. To enter by pushing; to squeeze in.

And thrust between my father and the god.
Dryden.

3. To push forward; to come with force; to press on; to intrude. "Young, old, thrust there in mighty concourse." Chapman.

To thrust to, to rush upon. [Obs.]

As doth an eager hound
Thrust to an hind within some covert glade.
Spenser.

Thrust, n. 1. A violent push or driving, as with a pointed weapon moved in the direction of its length, or with the hand or foot, or with any instrument; a stab; -- a word much used as a term of fencing.

[Polites] Pyrrhus with his lance pursues,
And often reaches, and his thrusts renews.
Dryden.

2. An attack; an assault.

One thrust at your pure, pretended mechanism.
Dr. H. More.

3. (Mech.) The force or pressure of one part of a construction against other parts; especially (Arch.), a horizontal or diagonal outward pressure, as of an arch against its abutments, or of rafters against the wall which support them.

4. (Mining) The breaking down of the roof of a gallery under its superincumbent weight.

Thrust bearing (Screw Steamers), a bearing arranged to receive the thrust or endwise pressure of the screw shaft. -- Thrust plane (Geol.), the surface along which dislocation has taken place in the case of a reversed fault.

Syn. -- Push; shove; assault; attack. Thrust, Push, Shove. Push and shove usually imply the application of force by a body already in contact with the body to be impelled. Thrust, often, but not always, implies the impulse or application of force by a body which is in motion before it reaches the body to be impelled.

Thrust"er (?), n. One who thrusts or stabs.

Thrust"ing, n. 1. The act of pushing with force.

2. (Dairies) (a) The act of squeezing curd with the hand, to expel the whey. (b) pl. The white whey, or that which is last pressed out of the curd by the hand, and of which butter is sometimes made. [Written also thrutchthings.] [Prov. Eng.]

Thrusting screw, the screw of a screw press, as for pressing curd in making cheese. [R.]

Thrus"tle (?), n. (Zoöl.) The throstle, or song thrust. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

When he heard the thrustel sing.
Chaucer.

Thryes (?), a. Thrice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thry"fal`low (?), v. t. [Perhaps fr. thrice + fallow. Cf. Trifallow.] To plow for the third time in summer; to trifallow. [R.] [Written also thrifallow.] Tusser.

Thud (thŭd), n. [Cf. AS. þōden a whirlwind, violent wind, or E. thump.] A dull sound without resonance, like that produced by striking with, or striking against, some comparatively soft substance; also, the stroke or blow producing such sound; as, the thrud of a cannon ball striking the earth.

At every new thud of the blast, a sob arose.
Jeffrey.

At intervals there came some tremendous thud on the side of the steamer.
C. Mackay.

Thug (?), n. [Hind. thag a deceiver, robber.] One of an association of robbers and murderers in India who practiced murder by stealthy approaches, and from religious motives. They have been nearly exterminated by the British government.

Thug*gee" (?), n. [Hind. &?;hagī.] The practice of secret or stealthy murder by Thugs. "One of the suppressors of Thuggee." J. D. Hooker.

{ Thug"ger*y (?), Thug"gism (?), } n. Thuggee.

||Thu"ja (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; an African tree with sweet-smelling wood.] (Bot.) A genus of evergreen trees, thickly branched, remarkable for the distichous arrangement of their branches, and having scalelike, closely imbricated, or compressed leaves. [Written also thuya.] See Thyine wood.

&fist; Thuja occidentalis is the Arbor vitæ of the Eastern and Northern United States. T. gigantea of North-waetern America is a very large tree, there called red cedar, and canoe cedar, and furnishes a useful timber.

||Thu"le (?), n. [L. Thule, Thyle, Gr. &?;, &?;.] The name given by ancient geographers to the northernmost part of the habitable world. According to some, this land was Norway, according to others, Iceland, or more probably Mainland, the largest of the Shetland islands; hence, the Latin phrase ultima Thule, farthest Thule.

Thu"li*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) Oxide of thulium.

Thu"li*um (?), n. [NL. See Thule.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of uncertain properties and identity, said to have been found in the mineral gadolinite.

Thumb (?), n. [OE. thombe, thoumbe, þume, AS. þūma; akin to OFries. thūma, D. duim, G. daumen, OHG. dūmo, Icel. þumall, Dan. tommelfinger, Sw. tumme, and perhaps to L. tumere to swell. √56. Cf. Thimble, Tumid.] The short, thick first digit of the human hand, differing from the other fingers in having but two phalanges; the pollex. See Pollex.

Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring.
Chaucer.

Thumb band, a twist of anything as thick as the thumb. Mortimer. -- Thumb blue, indigo in the form of small balls or lumps, used by washerwomen to blue linen, and the like. -- Thumb latch, a door latch having a lever formed to be pressed by the thumb. -- Thumb mark. (a) The mark left by the impression of a thumb, as on the leaves of a book. Longfellow. (b) The dark spot over each foot in finely bred black and tan terriers. -- Thumb nut, a nut for a screw, having wings to grasp between the thumb and fingers in turning it; also, a nut with a knurled rim for the same perpose. -- Thumb ring, a ring worn on the thumb. Shak. -- Thumb stall. (a) A kind of thimble or ferrule of iron, or leather, for protecting the thumb in making sails, and in other work. (b) (Mil.) A buckskin cushion worn on the thumb, and used to close the vent of a cannon while it is sponged, or loaded. -- Under one's thumb, completely under one's power or influence; in a condition of subservience. [Colloq.]

Thumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thumbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thumbing (?).] 1. To handle awkwardly. Johnson.

2. To play with the thumbs, or with the thumbs and fingers; as, to thumb over a tune.

3. To soil or wear with the thumb or the fingers; to soil, or wear out, by frequent handling; also, to cover with the thumb; as, to thumb the touch-hole of a cannon.

He gravely informed the enemy that all his cards had been thumbed to pieces, and begged them to let him have a few more packs.
Macaulay.

Thumb, v. i. To play with the thumb or thumbs; to play clumsily; to thrum.

Thumb"bird` (?), n. The goldcrest. [Prov. Eng.]

Thumbed (?), a. 1. Having thumbs.

2. Soiled by handling.

Thumb"kin (?), n. An instrument of torture for compressing the thumb; a thumbscrew.

Thumb"less, a. Without a thumb. Darwin.

Thumb"screw` (?), n. 1. A screw having a flat-sided or knurled head, so that it may be turned by the thumb and forefinger.

2. An old instrument of torture for compressing the thumb by a screw; a thumbkin.

Thum"mie (?), n. The chiff-chaff. [Prov. Eng.]

Thum"mim (?), n. pl. [Heb., pl. of thōm perfection.] A mysterious part or decoration of the breastplate of the Jewish high priest. See the note under Urim.

Thump (?), n. [Probably of imitative origin; perhaps influenced by dump, v.t.] 1. The sound made by the sudden fall or blow of a heavy body, as of a hammer, or the like.

The distant forge's swinging thump profound.
Wordsworth.

With heavy thump, a lifeless lump,
They dropped down, one by one.
Coleridge.

2. A blow or knock, as with something blunt or heavy; a heavy fall.

The watchman gave so great a thump at my door, that I awaked at the knock.
Tatler.

Thump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thumping.] To strike or beat with something thick or heavy, or so as to cause a dull sound.

These bastard Bretons; whom our hathers
Have in their own land beaten, bobbed, and thumped.
Shak.

Thump, v. i. To give a thump or thumps; to strike or fall with a heavy blow; to pound.

A watchman at midnight thumps with his pole.
Swift.

Thump"er (?), n. One who, or that which, thumps.

Thump"ing, a. Heavy; large. [Colloq.]

Thun"der (?), n. [OE. þunder, þonder, þoner, AS. þunor; akin to þunian to stretch, to thunder, D. donder thunder, G. donner, OHG. donar, Icel. þōrr Thor, L. tonare to thunder, tonitrus thunder, Gr. to`nos a stretching, straining, Skr. tan to stretch. √52. See Thin, and cf. Astonish, Detonate, Intone, Thursday, Tone.] 1. The sound which follows a flash of lightning; the report of a discharge of atmospheric electricity.

2. The discharge of electricity; a thunderbolt. [Obs.]

The revenging gods
'Gainst parricides did all their thunders bend.
Shak.

3. Any loud noise; as, the thunder of cannon.

4. An alarming or statrling threat or denunciation.

The thunders of the Vatican could no longer strike into the heart of princes.
Prescott.

Thunder pumper. (Zoöl.) (a) The croaker (Haploidontus grunniens). (b) The American bittern or stake-driver. -- Thunder rod, a lightning rod. [R.] -- Thunder snake. (Zoöl.) (a) The chicken, or milk, snake. (b) A small reddish ground snake (Carphophis, or Celuta, amœna) native to the Eastern United States; -- called also worm snake. -- Thunder tube, a fulgurite. See Fulgurite.

Thun"der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thundering.] [AS. þunrian. See Thunder, n.] 1. To produce thunder; to sound, rattle, or roar, as a discharge of atmospheric electricity; -- often used impersonally; as, it thundered continuously.

Canst thou thunder with a voice like him?
Job xl. 9.

2. Fig.: To make a loud noise; esp. a heavy sound, of some continuance.

His dreadful voice no more
Would thunder in my ears.
Milton.

3. To utter violent denunciation.

Thun"der, v. t. To emit with noise and terror; to utter vehemently; to publish, as a threat or denunciation.

Oracles severe
Were daily thundered in our general's ear.
Dryden.

An archdeacon, as being a prelate, may thunder out an ecclesiastical censure.
Ayliffe.

Thun"der*bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) An Australian insectivorous singing bird (Pachycephala gutturalis). The male is conspicuously marked with black and yellow, and has a black crescent on the breast. Called also white-throated thickhead, orange-breasted thrust, black-crowned thrush, guttural thrush, and black-breasted flycatcher.

Thun"der*bolt` (?), n. 1. A shaft of lightning; a brilliant stream of electricity passing from one part of the heavens to another, or from the clouds to the earth.

2. Something resembling lightning in suddenness and effectiveness.

The Scipios' worth, those thunderbolts of war.
Dryden.

3. Vehement threatening or censure; especially, ecclesiastical denunciation; fulmination.

He severely threatens such with the thunderbolt of excommunication.
Hakewill.

4. (Paleon.) A belemnite, or thunderstone.

Thunderbolt beetle (Zoöl.), a long- horned beetle (Arhopalus fulminans) whose larva bores in the trunk of oak and chestnut trees. It is brownish and bluish-black, with W-shaped whitish or silvery markings on the elytra.

Thun"der*burst` (?), n. A burst of thunder.

Thun"der*clap` (?), n. A sharp burst of thunder; a sudden report of a discharge of atmospheric electricity. "Thunderclaps that make them quake." Spenser.

When suddenly the thunderclap was heard.
Dryden.

Thun"der*cloud` (?), n. A cloud charged with electricity, and producing lightning and thunder.

Thun"der*er (?), n. One who thunders; -- used especially as a translation of L. tonans, an epithet applied by the Romans to several of their gods, esp. to Jupiter.

That dreadful oath which binds the Thunderer.
Pope.

Thun"der*fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large European loach (Misgurnus fossilis).

Thun"der*head` (?), n. A rounded mass of cloud, with shining white edges; a cumulus, -- often appearing before a thunderstorm.

Thun"der*ing, a. 1. Emitting thunder.

Roll the thundering chariot o'er the ground.
J. Trumbull.

2. Very great; -- often adverbially. [Slang]

-- Thun"der*ing*ly, adv.

Thun"der*ing, n. Thunder. Rev. iv. 5.

Thun"der*less, a. Without thunder or noise.

Thun"der*ous (?), a. [Written also thundrous.] 1. Producing thunder. [R.]

How he before the thunderous throne doth lie.
Milton.

2. Making a noise like thunder; sounding loud and deep; sonorous.

-- Thun"der*ous*ly, adv.

Thun"der*proof` (?), a. Secure against the effects of thunder or lightning.

Thun"der*show`er (?), n. A shower accompanied with lightning and thunder.

Thun"der*stone` (?), n. 1. A thunderbolt, -- formerly believed to be a stone.

Fear no more the lightning flash,
Nor the all-dreaded thunderstone.
Shak.

2. (Paleon.) A belemnite. See Belemnite.

Thun"der*storm` (?), n. A storm accompanied with lightning and thunder.

Thun"der*strike` (?), v. t. [imp. Thunderstruck (?); p. p. Thunderstruck, -strucken (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Thunderstriking.] 1. To strike, blast, or injure by, or as by, lightning. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. To astonish, or strike dumb, as with something terrible; -- rarely used except in the past participle.

drove before him, thunderstruck.
Milton.

Thun"der*worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small, footless, burrowing, snakelike lizard (Rhineura Floridana) allied to Amphisbæna, native of Florida; -- so called because it leaves its burrows after a thundershower.

Thun"der*y (?), a. Accompanied with thunder; thunderous. [R.] "Thundery weather." Pennant.

Thun"drous (?), a. Thunderous; sonorous. "Scraps of thunderous epic." Tennyson.

Thun"ny (?), n. (Zoöl.) The tunny. [R.]

Thurgh (?), prep. Through. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thurgh"fare` (?), n. Thoroughfare. [Obs.]

This world is but a thurghfare full of woe.
Chaucer.

Thu"ri*ble (?), n. [L. thuribulum, turibulum, from thus, thuris, or better tus, turis, frankincense, fr. Gr. &?; a sacrifice, an offering, from &?; to sacrifice.] (R. C. Ch.) A censer of metal, for burning incense, having various forms, held in the hand or suspended by chains; -- used especially at mass, vespers, and other solemn services. Fairholt.

Thu*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. thurifer, turifer; thus frankincense + -ferre to bear.] Producing or bearing frankincense.

Thu`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. thus incense + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act of fuming with incense, or the act of burning incense.

Thu*rin"gi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thuringia, a country in Germany, or its people. -- n. A native, or inhabitant of Thuringia.

Thu*rin"gite (?), n. [From Thuringia, where it is found.] (Min.) A mineral occurring as an aggregation of minute scales having an olive-green color and pearly luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia and iron.

Thurl (?), n. [AS. þyrel a hole. √53. See Thirl, Thrill.] 1. A hole; an aperture. [Obs.]

2. (Mining) (a) A short communication between adits in a mine. (b) A long adit in a coalpit.

Thurl, v. t. [See Thrill.] 1. To cut through; to pierce. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. (Mining) To cut through, as a partition between one working and another.

Thurl"ing, n. (Mining) Same as Thurl, n., 2 (a).

Thur"rok (?), n. [AS. þurruc a boat.] The hold of a ship; a sink. [Obs.]

Small drops of water that enter through a little crevice into the thurrok and into the bottom of a ship.
Chaucer.

Thurs"day (?), n. [OE. þursdei, þorsday, from the Scand. name Thor + E. day. Icel. þōrr Thor, the god of thunder, is akin to AS. þunor thunder; D. Donderdag Thursday, G. Donnerstag, Icel. þōrsdagr, Sw. & Dan. Torsdag. √52. See Thor, Thunder, and Day.] The fifth day of the week, following Wednesday and preceding Friday.

Holy Thursday. See under Holy.

Thurst (?), n. (Coal Mining) The ruins of the fallen roof resulting from the removal of the pillars and stalls. Raymond.

||Thus (?), n. [L. thus, better tus, frankincense. See Thurible.] The commoner kind of frankincense, or that obtained from the Norway spruce, the long-leaved pine, and other conifers.

Thus (&thlig;us), adv. [OE. thus, AS. ðus; akin to OFries. & OS. thus, D. dus, and E. that; cf. OHG. sus. See That.] 1. In this or that manner; on this wise.

Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he.
Gen. vi. 22.

Thus God the heaven created, thus the earth.
Milton.

2. To this degree or extent; so far; so; as, thus wise; thus peaceble; thus bold. Shak.

Thus far extend, thus far thy bounds.
Milton.

Thus"sock (?), n. See Tussock. [Obs.]

Thu"ya (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Thuja.

Thu"yin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance extracted from trees of the genus Thuja, or Thuya, and probably identical with quercitrin. [Written also thujin.]

Thwack (thwăk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thwacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thwacking.] [Cf. OE. thakken to stroke, AS. þaccian, E. whack.] 1. To strike with something flat or heavy; to bang, or thrash: to thump. "A distant thwacking sound." W. Irving.

2. To fill to overflow. [Obs.] Stanyhurst.

Thwack, n. A heavy blow with something flat or heavy; a thump.

With many a stiff thwack, many a bang,
Hard crab tree and old iron rang.
Hudibras.

Thwaite (?), n. (Zoöl.) The twaite.

Thwaite, n. [CF. Icel. þveit a piece of land, fr. þvīta to cut. See Thwite, and cf. Doit, and Twaite land cleared of woods.] Forest land cleared, and converted to tillage; an assart. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

&fist; Thwaite occurs in composition as the last element in many names of places in the north of England; as, in Rosthwaite, Stonethwaite.

Thwart (?), a. [OE. þwart, þwert, a. and adv., Icel. þvert, neut. of þverr athwart, transverse, across; akin to AS. þweorh perverse, transverse, cross, D. dwars, OHG. dwerah, twerh, G. zwerch, quer, Dan. & Sw. tver athwart, transverse, Sw. tvär cross, unfriendly, Goth. þwaírhs angry. Cf. Queer.] 1. Situated or placed across something else; transverse; oblique.

Moved contrary with thwart obliquities.
Milton.

2. Fig.: Perverse; crossgrained. [Obs.] Shak.

Thwart, adv. [See Thwart, a.] Thwartly; obliquely; transversely; athwart. [Obs.] Milton.

Thwart, prep. Across; athwart. Spenser.

Thwart ships. See Athwart ships, under Athwart.

Thwart, n. (Naut.) A seat in an open boat reaching from one side to the other, or athwart the boat.

Thwart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thwarted; p. pr. & vb. n. Thwarting.] 1. To move across or counter to; to cross; as, an arrow thwarts the air. [Obs.]

Swift as a shooting star
In autumn thwarts the night.
Milton.

2. To cross, as a purpose; to oppose; to run counter to; to contravene; hence, to frustrate or defeat.

If crooked fortune had not thwarted me.
Shak.

The proposals of the one never thwarted the inclinations of the other.
South.

Thwart, v. i. 1. To move or go in an oblique or crosswise manner. [R.]

2. Hence, to be in opposition; to clash. [R.]

Any proposition . . . that shall at all thwart with internal oracles.
Locke.

Thwart"er (?), n. (Far.) A disease in sheep, indicated by shaking, trembling, or convulsive motions.

Thwart"ing*ly, adv. In a thwarting or obstructing manner; so as to thwart.

Thwart"ly, adv. Transversely; obliquely.

Thwart"ness, n. The quality or state of being thwart; obliquity; perverseness.

Thwite (?), v. t. [AS. þwītan. See Whittle, and cf. Thwaite a piece of land.] To cut or clip with a knife; to whittle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

Thwit"tle (?), v. t. [See Thwite, and Whittle.] To cut or whittle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Palsgrave.

Thwit"tle, n. A small knife; a whittle. [Written also thwitel.] [Obs.] "A Sheffield thwittle." Chaucer.

Thy (?), pron. [OE. thi, shortened from thin. See Thine, Thou.] Of thee, or belonging to thee; the more common form of thine, possessive case of thou; -- used always attributively, and chiefly in the solemn or grave style, and in poetry. Thine is used in the predicate; as, the knife is thine. See Thine.

Our father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done.
Matt. vi. 9,10.

These are thy glorious works, Parent of good.
Milton.

Thy"ine wood` (?). [Gr. &?; &?;, fr. &?;, adj., pertaining to the tree &?; or &?;, an African tree with sweet-smelling wood.] (Bot.) The fragrant and beautiful wood of a North African tree (Callitris quadrivalvis), formerly called Thuja articulata. The tree is of the Cedar family, and furnishes a balsamic resin called sandarach. Rev. xviii. 12.

Thy"la*cine (?), n. [Gr. &?; a sack.] (Zoöl.) The zebra wolf. See under Wolf.

Thym"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of thymol analogous to a salt; as, sodium thymate.

Thyme (tīm), n. [OE. tyme, L. thymum, Gr. qy`mon, qy`mos; cf. qy`ein, to sacrifice, qy`os a sacrifice, offering, incense: cf. F. thym; -- perhaps so named because of its sweet smell. Cf. Fume, n.] (Bot.) Any plant of the labiate genus Thymus. The garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is a warm, pungent aromatic, much used to give a relish to seasoning and soups.

Ankle deep in moss and flowery thyme.
Cowper.

Cat thyme, a labiate plant (Teucrium Marum) of the Mediterranean religion. Cats are said to be fond of rolling on it. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). -- Wild thyme, Thymus Serpyllum, common on banks and hillsides in Europe.

I know a bank where the wild thyme blows.
Shak.

Thym"ene (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid terpene obtained from oil of thyme.

Thym"i*a*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. &?; incense + te`chnh art.] (Med.) The art of employing perfumes in medicine. [R.] Dunglison.

Thym"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thymus gland.

Thy"mic (?), a. (Med. Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, thyme; as, thymic acid.

Thym"ol (?), n. [Thyme + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol derivative of cymene, C10H13.OH, isomeric with carvacrol, found in oil of thyme, and extracted as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties; -- called also hydroxy cymene.

||Thy"mus (?), a. [NL., fr. Gr. qy`mos.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the thymus gland. -- n. The thymus gland.

Thymus gland, or Thymus body, a ductless gland in the throat, or in the neighboring region, of nearly all vertebrates. In man and other mammals it is the throat, or neck, sweetbread, which lies in the upper part of the thorax and lower part of the throat. It is largest in fetal and early life, and disappears or becomes rudimentary in the adult.

Thym"y (?), a. Abounding with thyme; fragrant; as, a thymy vale. Akenside.

Where'er a thymy bank he found,
He rolled upon the fragrant ground.
Gay.

Thy"ro- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the thyroid body or the thyroid cartilage; as, thyrohyal.

Thy`ro*a*ryt"e*noid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages of the larynx.

Thy`ro*hy"al (?), n. (Anat.) One of the lower segments in the hyoid arch, often consolidated with the body of the hyoid bone and forming one of its great horns, as in man.

Thy`ro*hy"oid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and the hyoid arch.

Thy"roid (?), a. [Gr. &?; shield-shaped; &?; a large, oblong shield (from &?; a door) + &?; form: cf. F. thyroïde, thyréoïde.] 1. Shaped like an oblong shield; shield-shaped; as, the thyroid cartilage.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thyroid body, thyroid cartilage, or thyroid artery; thyroideal.

Thyroid cartilage. See under Larynx. - - Thyroid body, or Thyroid gland (Anat.), a glandlike but ductless body, or pair of bodies, of unknown function, in the floor of the mouth or the region of the larynx. In man and most mammals it is a highly vascular organ, partly surrounding the base of the larynx and the upper part of the trachea. -- Thyroid dislocation (Surg.), dislocation of the thigh bone into the thyroid foramen. -- Thyroid foramen, the obturator foramen.

Thy*roid"e*al (?), a. (Anat.) Thyroid.

Thy*rot"o*my (?), n. [Thyro- + Gr. &?; to cut.] (Surg.) The operation of cutting into the thyroid cartilage.

Thyrse (th&etilde;rs), n. [Cf. F. thyrse.] A thyrsus.

{ Thyr"soid (th&etilde;r"soid), Thyr*soid"al (th&etilde;r*soid"al), } a. [Gr. &?;; &?; thyrsus + &?; form, shape: cf. F. thyrsoïde.] Having somewhat the form of a thyrsus.

||Thyr"sus (?), n.; pl. Thyrsi (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;. Cf. Torso.] 1. A staff entwined with ivy, and surmounted by a pine cone, or by a bunch of vine or ivy leaves with grapes or berries. It is an attribute of Bacchus, and of the satyrs and others engaging in Bacchic rites.

A good to grow on graves
As twist about a thyrsus.
Mrs. Browning.

In my hand I bear
The thyrsus, tipped with fragrant cones of pine.
Longfellow.

2. (Bot.) A species of inflorescence; a dense panicle, as in the lilac and horse-chestnut.

||Thy`sa*nop"ter (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Thysanoptera.

||Thy`sa*nop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a fringe + &?; a wing.] (Zoöl.) A division of insects, considered by some writers a distinct order, but regarded by others as belonging to the Hemiptera. They are all of small size, and have narrow, broadly fringed wings with rudimentary nervures. Most of the species feed upon the juices of plants, and some, as those which attack grain, are very injurious to crops. Called also Physopoda. See Thrips.

Thy`sa*nop"ter*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Thysanoptera.

Thy`sa*nop"ter*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Thysanoptera.

||Thys`a*nu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; fringe + &?; tail.] (Zoöl.) An order of wingless hexapod insects which have setiform caudal appendages, either bent beneath the body to form a spring, or projecting as bristles. It comprises the Cinura, or bristletails, and the Collembola, or springtails. Called also Thysanoura. See Lepisma, and Podura.

Thys`a*nu"ran (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Thysanura. Also used adjectively.

Thys`a*nu"rous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Thysanura.

Thys"be (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Thisbe maiden beloved by Pyramus, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) A common clearwing moth (Hemaris thysbe).

Thy*self" (?), pron. An emphasized form of the personal pronoun of the second person; -- used as a subject commonly with thou; as, thou thyself shalt go; that is, thou shalt go, and no other. It is sometimes used, especially in the predicate, without thou, and in the nominative as well as in the objective case.

Thyself shalt see the act.
Shak.

Ere I do thee, thou to thyself wast cruel.
Milton.

Ti"ar (?), n. [Cf. F. tiare. See Tiara.] A tiara. [Poetic] Milton. Tennyson.

Ti*a"ra (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;, &?;; of Persian origin.] 1. A form of headdress worn by the ancient Persians. According to Xenophon, the royal tiara was encircled with a diadem, and was high and erect, while those of the people were flexible, or had rims turned over.

2. The pope's triple crown. It was at first a round, high cap, but was afterward encompassed with a crown, subsequently with a second, and finally with a third. Fig.: The papal dignity.

Ti*a"raed (?), a. Adorned with, or wearing, a tiara.

Tib"-cat` (?), n. A female cat. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

||Tib"i*a (?), n.; pl. Tibiæ (#). [L.] 1. (Anat.) The inner, or preaxial, and usually the larger, of the two bones of the leg or hind limb below the knee.

2. (Zoöl.) The fourth joint of the leg of an insect. See Illust. under Coleoptera, and under Hexapoda.

3. (Antiq.) A musical instrument of the flute kind, originally made of the leg bone of an animal.

Tib"i*al (?), a. [L. tibialis, fr. tibia the shin bone; also, a pipe or flute, originally made of a bone: cf. F. tibial.] 1. Of or pertaining to a tibia.

2. Of or pertaining to a pipe or flute.

Tibial spur (Zoöl.), a spine frequently borne on the tibia of insects. See Illust. under Coleoptera.

Tib"i*al, n. (Anat.) A tibial bone; a tibiale.

||Tib`i*a"le (?), n.; pl. Tibialia (#). [NL.] (Anat.) The bone or cartilage of the tarsus which articulates with the tibia and corresponds to a part of the astragalus in man and most mammals.

Ti*bic"i*nate (?), v. i. [L. tibicinare.] To play on a tibia, or pipe. [R.]

Tib"i*o- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the tibia; as, tibiotarsus, tibiofibular.

Tib`i*o*tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to both to the tibia and the tarsus; as, the tibiotarsal articulation. (b) Of or pertaining to the tibiotarsus.

Tib`i*o*tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Tibiotarsi (&?;). (Anat.) The large bone between the femur and tarsometatarsus in the leg of a bird. It is formed by the union of the proximal part of the tarsus with the tibia.

Tib"rie (?), n. (Zoöl.) The pollack. [Prov. Eng.]

Tic (?), n. [F.] (Med.) A local and habitual convulsive motion of certain muscles; especially, such a motion of some of the muscles of the face; twitching; velication; -- called also spasmodic tic. Dunglison.

Tic douloureux (&?;). [F., fr. tic a knack, a twitching + douloureux painful.] (Med.) Neuralgia in the face; face ague. See under Face.

||Ti*cal" (?), n. 1. A bean-shaped coin of Siam, worth about sixty cents; also, a weight equal to 236 grains troy. Malcom.

2. A money of account in China, reckoning at about $1.60; also, a weight of about four ounces avoirdupois.

Tice (?), v. t. [Aphetic form of entice.] To entice. [Obs.] The Coronation.

Tice, n. (Cricket) A ball bowled to strike the ground about a bat's length in front of the wicket.

Tice"ment (?), n. Enticement. [Obs.]

Tich"or*rhine (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wall + &?;, &?;, the nose.] (Paleon.) A fossil rhinoceros with a vertical bony medial septum supporting the nose; the hairy rhinoceros.

Tick (?), n. [Abbrev. from ticket.] Credit; trust; as, to buy on, or upon, tick.

Tick, v. i. 1. To go on trust, or credit.

2. To give tick; to trust.

Tick, n. [OE. tike, teke; akin to D. teek, G. zecke. Cf. Tike a tick.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of large parasitic mites which attach themselves to, and suck the blood of, cattle, dogs, and many other animals. When filled with blood they become ovate, much swollen, and usually livid red in color. Some of the species often attach themselves to the human body. The young are active and have at first but six legs. (b) Any one of several species of dipterous insects having a flattened and usually wingless body, as the bird ticks (see under Bird) and sheep tick (see under Sheep).

Tick bean, a small bean used for feeding horses and other animals. -- Tick trefoil (Bot.), a name given to many plants of the leguminous genus Desmodium, which have trifoliate leaves, and joined pods roughened with minute hooked hairs by which the joints adhere to clothing and to the fleece of sheep.

Tick, n. [LL. techa, teca, L. theca case, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to put. See Thesis.] 1. The cover, or case, of a bed, mattress, etc., which contains the straw, feathers, hair, or other filling.

2. Ticking. See Ticking, n.

Tick, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ticked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ticking.] [Probably of imitative origin; cf. D. tikken, LG. ticken.] 1. To make a small or repeating noise by beating or otherwise, as a watch does; to beat.

2. To strike gently; to pat.

Stand not ticking and toying at the branches.
Latimer.

Tick, n. 1. A quick, audible beat, as of a clock.

2. Any small mark intended to direct attention to something, or to serve as a check. Dickens.

3. (Zoöl.) The whinchat; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]

Death tick. (Zoöl.) See Deathwatch.

Tick, v. t. To check off by means of a tick or any small mark; to score.

When I had got all my responsibilities down upon my list, I compared each with the bill and ticked it off.
Dickens.

Tick"en (?), n. See Ticking. [R.] R. Browning.

Tick"er (?), n. [See Tick.] One who, or that which, ticks, or produces a ticking sound, as a watch or clock, a telegraphic sounder, etc.

Tick"et (?), n. [F. étiquette a label, ticket, fr. OF. estiquette, or OF. etiquet, estiquet; both of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. stick. See Stick, n. & v., and cf. Etiquette, Tick credit.] A small piece of paper, cardboard, or the like, serving as a notice, certificate, or distinguishing token of something. Specifically: --

(a) A little note or notice. [Obs. or Local]

He constantly read his lectures twice a week for above forty years, giving notice of the time to his auditors in a ticket on the school doors.
Fuller.

(b) A tradesman's bill or account. [Obs.]

&fist; Hence the phrase on ticket, on account; whence, by abbreviation, came the phrase on tick. See 1st Tick.

Your courtier is mad to take up silks and velvets
On ticket for his mistress.
J. Cotgrave.

(c) A certificate or token of right of admission to a place of assembly, or of passage in a public conveyance; as, a theater ticket; a railroad or steamboat ticket.

(d) A label to show the character or price of goods.

(e) A certificate or token of a share in a lottery or other scheme for distributing money, goods, or the like.

(f) (Politics) A printed list of candidates to be voted for at an election; a set of nominations by one party for election; a ballot. [U. S.]

The old ticket forever! We have it by thirty-four votes.
Sarah Franklin (1766).

Scratched ticket, a ticket from which the names of one or more of the candidates are scratched out. -- Split ticket, a ticket representing different divisions of a party, or containing candidates selected from two or more parties. -- Straight ticket, a ticket containing the regular nominations of a party, without change. -- Ticket day (Com.), the day before the settling or pay day on the stock exchange, when the names of the actual purchasers are rendered in by one stockbroker to another. [Eng.] Simmonds. -- Ticket of leave, a license or permit given to a convict, or prisoner of the crown, to go at large, and to labor for himself before the expiration of his sentence, subject to certain specific conditions. [Eng.] Simmonds. -- Ticket porter, a licensed porter wearing a badge by which he may be identified. [Eng.]

Tick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ticketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ticketing.] 1. To distinguish by a ticket; to put a ticket on; as, to ticket goods.

2. To furnish with a tickets; to book; as, to ticket passengers to California. [U. S.]

Tick"et*ing, n. A periodical sale of ore in the English mining districts; -- so called from the tickets upon which are written the bids of the buyers.

Tick"ing (?), n. [From Tick a bed cover. Cf. Ticken.] A strong, closely woven linen or cotton fabric, of which ticks for beds are made. It is usually twilled, and woven in stripes of different colors, as white and blue; -- called also ticken.

Tic"kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tickled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tickling (?).] [Perhaps freq. of tick to beat; pat; but cf. also AS. citelian to tickle, D. kittelen, G. kitzlen, OHG. chizzilōn, chuzzilōn, Icel. kitla. Cf. Kittle, v. t.] 1. To touch lightly, so as to produce a peculiar thrilling sensation, which commonly causes laughter, and a kind of spasm which become dengerous if too long protracted.

If you tickle us, do we not laugh?
Shak.

2. To please; to gratify; to make joyous.

Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw.
Pope.

Such a nature
Tickled with good success, disdains the shadow
Which he treads on at noon.
Shak.

Tic"kle, v. i. 1. To feel titillation.

He with secret joy therefore
Did tickle inwardly in every vein.
Spenser.

2. To excite the sensation of titillation. Shak.

Tic"kle, a. 1. Ticklish; easily tickled. [Obs.]

2. Liable to change; uncertain; inconstant. [Obs.]

The world is now full tickle, sikerly.
Chaucer.

So tickle is the state of earthy things.
Spenser.

3. Wavering, or liable to waver and fall at the slightest touch; unstable; easily overthrown. [Obs.]

Thy head stands so tickle on thy shoulders, that a milkmaid, if she be in love, may sigh it off.
Shak.

Tic"kle-foot`ed (?), a. Uncertain; inconstant; slippery. [Obs. & R.] Beau. & Fl.

Tick"len*burg (?), n. A coarse, mixed linen fabric made to be sold in the West Indies.

Tic"kle*ness (?), n. Unsteadiness. [Obs.]

For hoard hath hate, and climbing tickleness.
Chaucer.

Tic"kler (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, tickles.

2. Something puzzling or difficult.

3. A book containing a memorandum of notes and debts arranged in the order of their maturity. [Com. Cant, U. S.] Bartlett.

4. A prong used by coopers to extract bungs from casks. [Eng.]

Tic"klish (?), a. 1. Sensible to slight touches; easily tickled; as, the sole of the foot is very ticklish; the hardened palm of the hand is not ticklish. Bacon.

2. Standing so as to be liable to totter and fall at the slightest touch; unfixed; easily affected; unstable.

Can any man with comfort lodge in a condition so dismally ticklish?
Barrow.

3. Difficult; nice; critical; as, a ticklish business.

Surely princes had need, in tender matters and ticklish times, to beware what they say.
Bacon.

-- Tic"klish*ly, adv. -- Tic"klish*ness, n.

Tick"seed` (?), n. [Tick the insect + seed; cf. G. wanzensamen, literally, bug seed.] 1. A seed or fruit resembling in shape an insect, as that of certain plants.

2. (Bot.) (a) Same as Coreopsis. (b) Any plant of the genus Corispermum, plants of the Goosefoot family.

Tick"tack` (?), n. [See Tick to beat, to pat, and (for sense 2) cf. Tricktrack.] 1. A noise like that made by a clock or a watch.

2. A kind of backgammon played both with men and pegs; tricktrack.

A game at ticktack with words.
Milton.

Tick"tack`, adv. With a ticking noise, like that of a watch.

Tic`po*lon"ga (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A very venomous viper (Daboia Russellii), native of Ceylon and India; -- called also cobra monil.

Tid (?), a. [Cf. AS. tedre, tydere, weak, tender.] Tender; soft; nice; -- now only used in tidbit.

Tid"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to tides; caused by tides; having tides; periodically rising and falling, or following and ebbing; as, tidal waters.

The tidal wave of deeper souls
Into our inmost being rolls,
And lifts us unawares
Out of all meaner cares.
Longfellow.

Tidal air (Physiol.), the air which passes in and out of the lungs in ordinary breathing. It varies from twenty to thirty cubic inches. -- Tidal basin, a dock that is filled at the rising of the tide. -- Tidal wave. (a) See Tide wave, under Tide. Cf. 4th Bore. (b) A vast, swift wave caused by an earthquake or some extraordinary combination of natural causes. It rises far above high-water mark and is often very destructive upon low-lying coasts.

Tid"bit` (?), n. [Tid + bit.] A delicate or tender piece of anything eatable; a delicious morsel. [Written also titbit.]

Tid"de (?), obs. imp. of Tide, v. i. Chaucer.

{ Tid"der (?), Tid"dle (?), } v. t. [Cf. AS. tyderian to grow tender. See Tid.] To use with tenderness; to fondle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Tide (?), n. [AS. tīd time; akin to OS. & OFries. tīd, D. tijd, G. zeit, OHG. zīt, Icel. tī&?;, Sw. & Dan. tid, and probably to Skr. aditi unlimited, endless, where a- is a negative prefix. √58. Cf. Tidings, Tidy, Till, prep., Time.] 1. Time; period; season. [Obsoles.] "This lusty summer's tide." Chaucer.

And rest their weary limbs a tide.
Spenser.

Which, at the appointed tide,
Each one did make his bride.
Spenser.

At the tide of Christ his birth.
Fuller.

2. The alternate rising and falling of the waters of the ocean, and of bays, rivers, etc., connected therewith. The tide ebbs and flows twice in each lunar day, or the space of a little more than twenty-four hours. It is occasioned by the attraction of the sun and moon (the influence of the latter being three times that of the former), acting unequally on the waters in different parts of the earth, thus disturbing their equilibrium. A high tide upon one side of the earth is accompanied by a high tide upon the opposite side. Hence, when the sun and moon are in conjunction or opposition, as at new moon and full moon, their action is such as to produce a greater than the usual tide, called the spring tide, as represented in the cut. When the moon is in the first or third quarter, the sun's attraction in part counteracts the effect of the moon's attraction, thus producing under the moon a smaller tide than usual, called the neap tide.

&fist; The flow or rising of the water is called flood tide, and the reflux, ebb tide.

3. A stream; current; flood; as, a tide of blood. "Let in the tide of knaves once more; my cook and I'll provide." Shak.

4. Tendency or direction of causes, influences, or events; course; current.

There is a tide in the affairs of men,
Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.
Shak.

5. Violent confluence. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. (Mining) The period of twelve hours.

Atmospheric tides, tidal movements of the atmosphere similar to those of the ocean, and produced in the same manner by the attractive forces of the sun and moon. -- Inferior tide. See under Inferior, a. -- To work double tides. See under Work, v. t. -- Tide day, the interval between the occurrences of two consecutive maxima of the resultant wave at the same place. Its length varies as the components of sun and moon waves approach to, or recede from, one another. A retardation from this cause is called the lagging of the tide, while the acceleration of the recurrence of high water is termed the priming of the tide. See Lag of the tide, under 2d Lag. -- Tide dial, a dial to exhibit the state of the tides at any time. -- Tide gate. (a) An opening through which water may flow freely when the tide sets in one direction, but which closes automatically and prevents the water from flowing in the other direction. (b) (Naut.) A place where the tide runs with great velocity, as through a gate. -- Tide gauge, a gauge for showing the height of the tide; especially, a contrivance for registering the state of the tide continuously at every instant of time. Brande & C. -- Tide lock, a lock situated between an inclosed basin, or a canal, and the tide water of a harbor or river, when they are on different levels, so that craft can pass either way at all times of the tide; -- called also guard lock. -- Tide mill. (a) A mill operated by the tidal currents. (b) A mill for clearing lands from tide water. -- Tide rip, a body of water made rough by the conflict of opposing tides or currents. -- Tide table, a table giving the time of the rise and fall of the tide at any place. - - Tide water, water affected by the flow of the tide; hence, broadly, the seaboard. -- Tide wave, or Tidal wave, the swell of water as the tide moves. That of the ocean is called primitive; that of bays or channels derivative. Whewell. -- Tide wheel, a water wheel so constructed as to be moved by the ebb or flow of the tide.

Tide (?), v. t. To cause to float with the tide; to drive or carry with the tide or stream.

They are tided down the stream.
Feltham.

Tide, v. i. [AS. tīdan to happen. See Tide, n.] 1. To betide; to happen. [Obs.]

What should us tide of this new law?
Chaucer.

2. To pour a tide or flood.

3. (Naut.) To work into or out of a river or harbor by drifting with the tide and anchoring when it becomes adverse.

Tid"ed (?), a. Affected by the tide; having a tide. "The tided Thames." Bp. Hall.

Tide"less, a. Having no tide.

Tide"-rode` (?), a. (Naut.) Swung by the tide when at anchor; -- opposed to wind-rode.

Tides"man (?), n.; pl. Tidesmen (&?;). A customhouse officer who goes on board of a merchant ship to secure payment of the duties; a tidewaiter.

Tide"wait`er (?), n. A customhouse officer who watches the landing of goods from merchant vessels, in order to secure payment of duties. Swift.

Tide"way` (?), n. Channel in which the tide sets.

Tid"ife (?), n. The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

&fist; The "tidif" mentioned in Chaucer is by some supposed to be the titmouse, by others the wren.

Ti"di*ly (?), adv. In a tidy manner.

Ti"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being tidy.

Ti"ding (?), n. Tidings. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ti"dings (?), n. pl. [OE. tidinge, ti&?;inge, tidinde, from or influenced by Icel. tī&?;indi; akin to Dan. tidende, Sw. tidning, G. zeung, AS. tīdan to happen, E. betide, tide. See Tide, v. i. & n.] Account of what has taken place, and was not before known; news.

I shall make my master glad with these tidings.
Shak.

Full well the busy whisper, circling round,
Conveyed the dismal tidings when he frowned.
Goldsmith.

&fist; Although tidings is plural in form, it has been used also as a singular. By Shakespeare it was used indiscriminately as a singular or plural.

Now near the tidings of our comfort is.
Shak.

Tidings to the contrary
Are brought your eyes.
Shak.

Syn. -- News; advice; information; intelligence. -- Tidings, News. The term news denotes recent intelligence from any quarter; the term tidings denotes intelligence expected from a particular quarter, showing what has there betided. We may be indifferent as to news, but are always more or less interested in tidings. We read the news daily; we wait for tidings respecting an absent friend or an impending battle. We may be curious to hear the news; we are always anxious for tidings.

Evil news rides post, while good news baits.
Milton.

What tidings dost thou bring?
Addison.

Tid"ley (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The wren. (b) The goldcrest. [Prov. Eng.]

Tid*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Tide + - logy.] A discourse or treatise upon the tides; that part of science which treats of tides. J. S. Mill.

Ti"dy (?), n. (Zoöl.) The wren; -- called also tiddy. [Prov. Eng.]

The tidy for her notes as delicate as they.
Drayton.

&fist; This name is probably applied also to other small singing birds, as the goldcrest.

Ti"dy, a. [Compar. Tidier (?); superl. Tidiest.] [From Tide time, season; cf. D. tijdig timely, G. zeitig, Dan. & Sw. tidig.] 1. Being in proper time; timely; seasonable; favorable; as, tidy weather. [Obs.]

If weather be fair and tidy.
Tusser.

2. Arranged in good order; orderly; appropriate; neat; kept in proper and becoming neatness, or habitually keeping things so; as, a tidy lass; their dress is tidy; the apartments are well furnished and tidy.

A tidy man, that tened [injured] me never.
Piers Plowman.

Ti"dy, n.; pl. Tidies (&?;). 1. A cover, often of tatting, drawn work, or other ornamental work, for the back of a chair, the arms of a sofa, or the like.

2. A child's pinafore. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Ti"dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tidied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tidying.] To put in proper order; to make neat; as, to tidy a room; to tidy one's dress.

Ti"dy, v. i. To make things tidy. [Colloq.]

I have tidied and tidied over and over again.
Dickens.

Ti"dy*tips` (?), n. (Bot.) A California composite plant (Layia platyglossa), the flower of which has yellow rays tipped with white.

Tie (?), n.; pl. Ties (#). [AS. tēge, t&?;ge, tīge. √64. See Tie, v. t.] 1. A knot; a fastening.

2. A bond; an obligation, moral or legal; as, the sacred ties of friendship or of duty; the ties of allegiance.

No distance breaks the tie of blood.
Young.

3. A knot of hair, as at the back of a wig. Young.

4. An equality in numbers, as of votes, scores, etc., which prevents either party from being victorious; equality in any contest, as a race.

5. (Arch. & Engin.) A beam or rod for holding two parts together; in railways, one of the transverse timbers which support the track and keep it in place.

6. (Mus.) A line, usually straight, drawn across the stems of notes, or a curved line written over or under the notes, signifying that they are to be slurred, or closely united in the performance, or that two notes of the same pitch are to be sounded as one; a bind; a ligature.

7. pl. Low shoes fastened with lacings.

Bale tie, a fastening for the ends of a hoop for a bale.

Tie, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tied (?) (Obs. Tight (&?;)); p. pr. & vb. n. Tying (?).] [OE. ti&?;en, teyen, AS. tīgan, tiégan, fr. teág, teáh, a rope; akin to Icel. taug, and AS. teón to draw, to pull. See Tug, v. t., and cf. Tow to drag.] 1. To fasten with a band or cord and knot; to bind. "Tie the kine to the cart." 1 Sam. vi. 7.

My son, keep thy father's commandment, and forsake not the law of thy mother: bind them continually upon thine heart, and tie them about thy neck.
Prov. vi. 20,21.

2. To form, as a knot, by interlacing or complicating a cord; also, to interlace, or form a knot in; as, to tie a cord to a tree; to knit; to knot. "We do not tie this knot with an intention to puzzle the argument." Bp. Burnet.

3. To unite firmly; to fasten; to hold.

In bond of virtuous love together tied.
Fairfax.

4. To hold or constrain by authority or moral influence, as by knotted cords; to oblige; to constrain; to restrain; to confine.

Not tied to rules of policy, you find
Revenge less sweet than a forgiving mind.
Dryden.

5. (Mus.) To unite, as notes, by a cross line, or by a curved line, or slur, drawn over or under them.

6. To make an equal score with, in a contest; to be even with.

To ride and tie. See under Ride. -- To tie down. (a) To fasten so as to prevent from rising. (b) To restrain; to confine; to hinder from action. -- To tie up, to confine; to restrain; to hinder from motion or action.

Tie, v. i. To make a tie; to make an equal score.

Tie"bar` (?), n. A flat bar used as a tie.

Tie"beam` (?), n. (Arch.) A beam acting as a tie, as at the bottom of a pair of principal rafters, to prevent them from thrusting out the wall. See Illust. of Timbers, under Roof. Gwilt.

Ti"er (?), n. One who, or that which, ties.

Ti"er, n. [See Tire a headdress.] A chold's apron covering the upper part of the body, and tied with tape or cord; a pinafore. [Written also tire.]

Tier (?), n. [Perhaps fr. OF. tire, F. tire; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. ziarī ornament, G. zier, AS. tīr glory, tiér row, rank. But cf. also F. tirer to draw, pull; of Teutonic origin. Cf. Attire, v. t., Tire a headdress, but also Tirade.] A row or rank, especially one of two or more rows placed one above, or higher than, another; as, a tier of seats in a theater.

Tiers of a cable, the ranges of fakes, or windings, of a cable, laid one within another when coiled.

Tierce (?), n. [F. tierce a third, from tiers, tierce, third, fr. L. tertius the third; akin to tres three. See Third, Three, and cf. Terce, Tercet, Tertiary.] 1. A cask whose content is one third of a pipe; that is, forty-two wine gallons; also, a liquid measure of forty-two wine, or thirty-five imperial, gallons.

2. A cask larger than a barrel, and smaller than a hogshead or a puncheon, in which salt provisions, rice, etc., are packed for shipment.

3. (Mus.) The third tone of the scale. See Mediant.

4. A sequence of three playing cards of the same suit. Tierce of ace, king, queen, is called tierce-major.

5. (Fencing) A position in thrusting or parrying in which the wrist and nails are turned downward.

6. (R. C. Ch.) The third hour of the day, or nine a. m,; one of the canonical hours; also, the service appointed for that hour.

Tier*cé" (?), a. [F.] (Her.) Divided into three equal parts of three different tinctures; -- said of an escutcheon.

{ Tier"cel (?), Tierce"let (?), } n. [OE. tercel, tercelet, F. tiercelet, a dim. of (assumed) tiercel, or LL. tertiolus, dim. fr. L. tertius the third; -- so called, according to some, because every third bird in the nest is a male, or, according to others, because the male is the third part less than female. Cf. Tercel.] (Falconry) The male of various falcons, esp. of the peregrine; also, the male of the goshawk. Encyc. Brit.

Tierce"-ma`jor (?), n. [Cf. F. tierce majeure.] (Card Playing) See Tierce, 4.

Tier"cet (?), n. [F. tercet. See Tercet.] (Pros.) A triplet; three lines, or three lines rhyming together.

Tie"-rod (?), n. A rod used as a tie. See Tie.

||Tiers` é`tat" (?). [F.] The third estate, or commonalty, in France, answering to the commons in Great Britain; -- so called in distinction from, and as inferior to, the nobles and clergy.

&fist; The refusal of the clergy and nobility to give the tiers état a representation in the States-general proportioned to their actual numbers had an important influence in bringing on the French Revolution of 1789. Since that time the term has been purely historical.

Tie"tick (?), n. The meadow pipit. [Prov. Eng].

Tie"wig` (?), n. A wig having a tie or ties, or one having some of the curls tied up; also, a wig tied upon the head. Wright. V. Knox.

Tiff (?), n. [Originally, a sniff, sniffing; cf. Icel. &?;efr a smell, &?;efa to sniff, Norw. tev a drawing in of the breath, teva to sniff, smell, dial. Sw. tüv smell, scent, taste.] 1. Liquor; especially, a small draught of liquor. "Sipping his tiff of brandy punch." Sir W. Scott.

2. A fit of anger or peevishness; a slight altercation or contention. See Tift. Thackeray.

Tiff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tiffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tiffing.] To be in a pet.

She tiffed with Tim, she ran from Ralph.
Landor.

Tiff, v. t. [OE. tiffen, OF. tiffer, tifer, to bedizen; cf. D. tippen to clip the points or ends of the hair, E. tip, n.] To deck out; to dress. [Obs.] A. Tucker.

Tif"fa*ny (?), n. [OE. tiffenay; cf. OF. tiffe ornament, tiffer to adjust, adorn. See Tiff to dress.] A species of gause, or very silk.

The smoke of sulphur . . . is commonly used by women to whiten tiffanies.
Sir T. Browne.

Tif"fin (?), n. [Properly, tiffing a quaffing, a drinking. See Tiff, n.] A lunch, or slight repast between breakfast and dinner; -- originally, a Provincial English word, but introduced into India, and brought back to England in a special sense.

Tiff"ish (?), a. Inclined to tiffs; peevish; petulant.

Tift (?), n. [Cf. Norw. teft a scent. See Tiff, n.] A fit of pettishness, or slight anger; a tiff.

After all your fatigue you seem as ready for a tift with me as if you had newly come from church.
Blackwood's Mag.

Tig (?), n. 1. A game among children. See Tag.

2. A capacious, flat-bottomed drinking cup, generally with four handles, formerly used for passing around the table at convivial entertainment.

||Ti*gel"la (?), n. [NL., from F. tige stem or stock.] (Bot.) That part of an embryo which represents the young stem; the caulicle or radicle.

Ti*gelle" (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) Same as Tigella.

Ti"ger (?), n. [OE. tigre, F. tigre, L. tigris, Gr. ti`gris; probably of Persian origin; cf. Zend tighra pointed, tighri an arrow, Per. tīr; perhaps akin to E. stick, v.t.; -- probably so named from its quickness.] 1. A very large and powerful carnivore (Felis tigris) native of Southern Asia and the East Indies. Its back and sides are tawny or rufous yellow, transversely striped with black, the tail is ringed with black, the throat and belly are nearly white. When full grown, it equals or exceeds the lion in size and strength. Called also royal tiger, and Bengal tiger.

2. Fig.: A ferocious, bloodthirsty person.

As for heinous tiger, Tamora.
Shak.

3. A servant in livery, who rides with his master or mistress. Dickens.

4. A kind of growl or screech, after cheering; as, three cheers and a tiger. [Colloq. U. S.]

5. A pneumatic box or pan used in refining sugar.

American tiger. (Zoöl.) (a) The puma. (b) The jaguar. -- Clouded tiger (Zoöl.), a handsome striped and spotted carnivore (Felis macrocelis or F. marmorata) native of the East Indies and Southern Asia. Its body is about three and a half feet long, and its tail about three feet long. Its ground color is brownish gray, and the dark markings are irregular stripes, spots, and rings, but there are always two dark bands on the face, one extending back from the eye, and one from the angle of the mouth. Called also tortoise-shell tiger. -- Mexican tiger (Zoöl.), the jaguar. -- Tiger beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of active carnivorous beetles of the family Cicindelidæ. They usually inhabit dry or sandy places, and fly rapidly. -- Tiger bittern. (Zoöl.) See Sun bittern, under Sun. -- Tiger cat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of wild cats of moderate size with dark transverse bars or stripes somewhat resembling those of the tiger. -- Tiger flower (Bot.), an iridaceous plant of the genus Tigridia (as T. conchiflora, T. grandiflora, etc.) having showy flowers, spotted or streaked somewhat like the skin of a tiger. -- Tiger grass (Bot.), a low East Indian fan palm (Chamærops Ritchieana). It is used in many ways by the natives. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). -- Tiger lily. (Bot.) See under Lily. -- Tiger moth (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of moths of the family Arctiadæ which are striped or barred with black and white or with other conspicuous colors. The larvæ are called woolly bears. -- Tiger shark (Zoöl.), a voracious shark (Galeocerdo maculatus or tigrinus) more or less barred or spotted with yellow. It is found in both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. Called also zebra shark. -- Tiger shell (Zoöl.), a large and conspicuously spotted cowrie (Cypræa tigris); -- so called from its fancied resemblance to a tiger in color and markings. Called also tiger cowrie. -- Tiger wolf (Zoöl.), the spotted hyena (Hyæna crocuta). -- Tiger wood, the variegated heartwood of a tree (Machærium Schomburgkii) found in Guiana.

Ti"ger-eye` (?), n. (Min.) A siliceous stone of a yellow color and chatoyant luster, obtained in South Africa and much used for ornament. It is an altered form of the mineral crocidolite. See Crocidolite.

Ti"ger-foot` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Tiger's-foot.

Ti"ger-foot`ed, a. Hastening to devour; furious.

Ti"ger*ine (?), a. Tigerish; tigrine. [R.]

Ti"ger*ish, a. Like a tiger; tigrish.

Ti"ger's-foot` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to some species of morning-glory (Ipomœa) having the leaves lobed in pedate fashion.

Tigh (?), n. [Perhaps akin to tight.] A close, or inclosure; a croft. [Obs.] Cowell.

Tight (?), obs. p. p. of Tie. Spenser.

Tight, a. [Compar. Tighter (?); superl. Tightest.] [OE. tight, thiht; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. &?;ēttr, Dan. tæt, Sw. tät: akin to D. & G. dicht thick, tight, and perhaps to E. thee to thrive, or to thick. Cf. Taut.] 1. Firmly held together; compact; not loose or open; as, tight cloth; a tight knot.

2. Close, so as not to admit the passage of a liquid or other fluid; not leaky; as, a tight ship; a tight cask; a tight room; -- often used in this sense as the second member of a compound; as, water-tight; air-tight.

3. Fitting close, or too close, to the body; as, a tight coat or other garment.

4. Not ragged; whole; neat; tidy.

Clad very plain, but clean and tight.
Evelyn.

I'll spin and card, and keep our children tight.
Gay.

5. Close; parsimonious; saving; as, a man tight in his dealings. [Colloq.]

6. Not slack or loose; firmly stretched; taut; -- applied to a rope, chain, or the like, extended or stretched out.

7. Handy; adroit; brisk. [Obs.] Shak.

8. Somewhat intoxicated; tipsy. [Slang]

9. (Com.) Pressing; stringent; not easy; firmly held; dear; -- said of money or the money market. Cf. Easy, 7.

Tight, v. t. To tighten. [Obs.]

Tight"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tightened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tightening.] To draw tighter; to straiten; to make more close in any manner.

Just where I please, with tightened rein
I'll urge thee round the dusty plain.
Fawkes.

Tightening pulley (Mach.), a pulley which rests, or is forced, against a driving belt to tighten it.

Tight"en*er (?), n. That which tightens; specifically (Mach.), a tightening pulley.

Tight"er (?), n. A ribbon or string used to draw clothes closer. [Obs.]

Tight"ly, adv. In a tight manner; closely; nearly.

Tight"ness, n. The quality or condition of being tight.

Tights (?), n. pl. Close-fitting garments, especially for the lower part of the body and the legs.

Tig"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C4H7CO2H (called also methyl crotonic acid), homologous with crotonic acid, and obtained from croton oil (from Croton Tiglium) as a white crystalline substance.

Ti"gress (?), n. [From Tiger: cf. F. tigresse.] (Zoöl.) The female of the tiger. Holland.

Ti"grine (?), a. [L. tigrinus, fr. tigris a tiger.] 1. Of or pertaining to a tiger; like a tiger.

2. (Zoöl.) Resembling the tiger in color; as, the tigrine cat (Felis tigrina) of South America.

Ti"grish (?), a. Resembling a tiger; tigerish.

Tike (?), n. (Zoöl.) A tick. See 2d Tick. [Obs.]

Tike, n. [Icel. tīk a bitch; akin to Sw. tik.] 1. A dog; a cur. "Bobtail tike or trundle-tail." Shak.

2. A countryman or clown; a boorish person.

Ti"kus (?), n. (Zoöl.) The bulau.

Til (?), prep. & conj. See Till. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Til"bu*ry (?), n.; pl. Tilburies (#). [Probably from Tilburyfort, in the Country of Essex, in England.] A kind of gig or two-wheeled carriage, without a top or cover. [Written also tilburgh.]

||Til"de (?), n. [Sp., fr. L. titulus a superscription, title, token, sign. See Title, n.] The accentual mark placed over n, and sometimes over l, in Spanish words [thus, ñ, <ilde;], indicating that, in pronunciation, the sound of the following vowel is to be preceded by that of the initial, or consonantal, y.

Tile (?), v. t. [See 2d Tiler.] To protect from the intrusion of the uninitiated; as, to tile a Masonic lodge.

Tile, n. [OE. tile, tigel, AS. tigel, tigol, fr. L. tegula, from tegere to cover. See Thatch, and cf. Tegular.] 1. A plate, or thin piece, of baked clay, used for covering the roofs of buildings, for floors, for drains, and often for ornamental mantel works.

2. (Arch.) (a) A small slab of marble or other material used for flooring. (b) A plate of metal used for roofing.

3. (Metal.) A small, flat piece of dried earth or earthenware, used to cover vessels in which metals are fused.

4. A draintile.

5. A stiff hat. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Tile drain, a drain made of tiles. -- Tile earth, a species of strong, clayey earth; stiff and stubborn land. [Prov. Eng.] -- Tile kiln, a kiln in which tiles are burnt; a tilery. -- Tile ore (Min.), an earthy variety of cuprite. -- Tile red, light red like the color of tiles or bricks. -- Tile tea, a kind of hard, flat brick tea. See Brick tea, under Brick.

Tile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tiling.] 1. To cover with tiles; as, to tile a house.

2. Fig.: To cover, as if with tiles.

The muscle, sinew, and vein,
Which tile this house, will come again.
Donne.

Tile"-drain` (?), v. t. To drain by means of tiles; to furnish with a tile drain.

Tile"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large, edible, deep-water food fish (Lopholatilus chamæleonticeps) more or less thickly covered with large, round, yellow spots.

&fist; It was discovered off the Eastern coast of the United States in 1880, and was abundant in 1881, but is believed to have become extinct in 1882.

Til"er (?), n. A man whose occupation is to cover buildings with tiles. Bancroft.

Til"er, n. [Of uncertain origin, but probably from E. tile, n.] A doorkeeper or attendant at a lodge of Freemasons. [Written also tyler.]

Til"er*y (?), n.; pl. Tileries (#). [From Tile; cf. F. tuilerie, fr. tuile a tile, L. tegula.] A place where tiles are made or burned; a tile kiln.

Tile"stone` (?), n. 1. (Geol.) A kind of laminated shale or sandstone belonging to some of the layers of the Upper Silurian.

2. A tile of stone.

Til`i*a"ceous (?), a. [OE. tilia the linden tree.] (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Tiliaceæ) of which the linden (Tilia) is the type. The order includes many plants which furnish a valuable fiber, as the jute.

Til"ing (?), n. 1. A surface covered with tiles, or composed of tiles.

They . . . let him down through the tiling.
Luke v. 19.

2. Tiles, collectively.

Till (?), n. [Abbrev. from lentil.] A vetch; a tare. [Prov. Eng.]

Till, n. [Properly, a drawer, from OE. tillen to draw. See Tiller the lever of a rudder.] A drawer. Specifically: (a) A tray or drawer in a chest. (b) A money drawer in a shop or store.

Till alarm, a device for sounding an alarm when a money drawer is opened or tampered with.

Till, n. 1. (Geol.) A deposit of clay, sand, and gravel, without lamination, formed in a glacier valley by means of the waters derived from the melting glaciers; -- sometimes applied to alluvium of an upper river terrace, when not laminated, and appearing as if formed in the same manner.

2. A kind of coarse, obdurate land. Loudon.

Till, prep. [OE. til, Icel. til; akin to Dan. til, Sw. till, OFries. til, also to AS. til good, excellent, G. ziel end, limit, object, OHG. zil, Goth. tils, gatils, fit, convenient, and E. till to cultivate. See Till, v. t.] To; unto; up to; as far as; until; -- now used only in respect to time, but formerly, also, of place, degree, etc., and still so used in Scotland and in parts of England and Ireland; as, I worked till four o'clock; I will wait till next week.

He . . . came till an house.
Chaucer.

Women, up till this
Cramped under worse than South-sea-isle taboo.
Tennyson.

Similar sentiments will recur to every one familiar with his writings -- all through them till the very end.
Prof. Wilson.

Till now, to the present time. -- Till then, to that time.

Till (?), conj. As far as; up to the place or degree that; especially, up to the time that; that is, to the time specified in the sentence or clause following; until.

And said unto them, Occupy till I come.
Luke xix. 13.

Mediate so long till you make some act of prayer to God.
Jer. Taylor.

There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived.
Macaulay.

&fist; This use may be explained by supposing an ellipsis of when, or the time when, the proper conjunction or conjunctive adverb begin when.

Till, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tilling.] [OE. tilen, tilien, AS. tilian, teolian, to aim, strive for, till; akin to OS. tilian to get, D. telen to propagate, G. zielen to aim, ziel an end, object, and perhaps also to E. tide, time, from the idea of something fixed or definite. Cf. Teal, Till, prep..] 1. To plow and prepare for seed, and to sow, dress, raise crops from, etc., to cultivate; as, to till the earth, a field, a farm.

No field nolde [would not] tilye.
P. Plowman.

the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken.
Gen. iii. 23.

2. To prepare; to get. [Obs.] W. Browne.

Till, v. i. To cultivate land. Piers Plowman.

Till"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tilled; fit for the plow; arable.

Till"age (?), n. 1. The operation, practice, or art of tilling or preparing land for seed, and keeping the ground in a proper state for the growth of crops.

2. A place tilled or cultivated; cultivated land.

Syn. -- Cultivation; culture; husbandry; farming; agriculture.

||Til*land"si*a (?), n. [NL. So named after Prof. Tillands, of Abo, in Finland.] (Bot.) A genus of epiphytic endogenous plants found in the Southern United States and in tropical America. Tillandsia usneoides, called long moss, black moss, Spanish moss, and Florida moss, has a very slender pendulous branching stem, and forms great hanging tufts on the branches of trees. It is often used for stuffing mattresses.

Till"er (?), n. [From Till, v. t.] One who tills; a husbandman; a cultivator; a plowman.

Till"er, n. [AS. telgor a small branch. Cf. Till to cultivate.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A shoot of a plant, springing from the root or bottom of the original stalk; a sucker. (b) A sprout or young tree that springs from a root or stump.

2. A young timber tree. [Prov. Eng.] Evelyn.

Till"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tillered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tillering.] To put forth new shoots from the root, or round the bottom of the original stalk; as, wheat or rye tillers; some spread plants by tillering. [Sometimes written tillow.]

Till"er, n. [From OE. tillen, tullen, to draw, pull; probably fr. AS. tyllan in fortyllan to lead astray; or cf. D. tillen to lift up. Cf. Till a drawer.] 1. (Naut.) A lever of wood or metal fitted to the rudder head and used for turning side to side in steering. In small boats hand power is used; in large vessels, the tiller is moved by means of mechanical appliances. See Illust. of Rudder. Cf. 2d Helm, 1.

2. The stalk, or handle, of a crossbow; also, sometimes, the bow itself. [Obs.]

You can shoot in a tiller.
Beau. & Fl.

3. The handle of anything. [Prov. Eng.]

4. A small drawer; a till. Dryden.

Tiller rope (Naut.), a rope for turning a tiller. In a large vessel it forms the connection between the fore end of the tiller and the steering wheel.

{ Til"ley (?), n., or Til"ley seed` (?) }. (Bot.) The seeds of a small tree (Croton Pavana) common in the Malay Archipelago. These seeds furnish croton oil, like those of Croton Tiglium. [Written also tilly.]

Till"man (?), n.; pl. Tillmen (&?;). A man who tills the earth; a husbandman. [Obs.] Tusser.

Til"lo*dont (?), n. One of the Tillodontia.

||Til`lo*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. (Paleon.) An extinct group of Mammalia found fossil in the Eocene formation. The species are related to the carnivores, ungulates, and rodents. Called also Tillodonta.

Til"lot (t&ibreve;l"l&obreve;t), n. A bag made of thin glazed muslin, used as a wrapper for dress goods. McElrath.

Til"low (?), v. i. See 3d Tiller.

Til"ly-val`ly (?), interj., adv., or a. A word of unknown origin and signification, formerly used as expressive of contempt, or when anything said was rejected as trifling or impertinent. [Written also tille-vally, tilly-fally, tille-fally, and otherwise.] Shak.

||Til"mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. tilmo`s, fr. ti`llein to pluck, pull.] (Med.) Floccillation.

Tilt (t&ibreve;lt), n. [OE. telt (perhaps from the Danish), teld, AS. teld, geteld; akin to OD. telde, G. zelt, Icel. tjald, Sw. tält, tjäll, Dan. telt, and AS. beteldan to cover.] 1. A covering overhead; especially, a tent. Denham.

2. The cloth covering of a cart or a wagon.

3. (Naut.) A cloth cover of a boat; a small canopy or awning extended over the sternsheets of a boat.

Tilt boat (Naut.), a boat covered with canvas or other cloth. -- Tilt roof (Arch.), a round-headed roof, like the canopy of a wagon.

Tilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tilting.] To cover with a tilt, or awning.

Tilt, v. t. [OE. tilten, tulten, to totter, fall, AS. tealt unstable, precarious; akin to tealtrian to totter, to vacillate, D. tel amble, ambling pace, G. zelt, Icel. tölt an ambling pace, tölta to amble. Cf. Totter.] 1. To incline; to tip; to raise one end of for discharging liquor; as, to tilt a barrel.

2. To point or thrust, as a lance.

Sons against fathers tilt the fatal lance.
J. Philips.

3. To point or thrust a weapon at. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

4. To hammer or forge with a tilt hammer; as, to tilt steel in order to render it more ductile.

Tilt, v. i. 1. To run or ride, and thrust with a lance; to practice the military game or exercise of thrusting with a lance, as a combatant on horseback; to joust; also, figuratively, to engage in any combat or movement resembling that of horsemen tilting with lances.

He tilts
With piercing steel at bold Mercutio's breast.
Shak.

Swords out, and tilting one at other's breast.
Shak.

But in this tournament can no man tilt.
Tennyson.

The fleet, swift tilting, o'er the &?;urges flew.
Pope.

2. To lean; to fall partly over; to tip.

The trunk of the body is kept from tilting forward by the muscles of the back.
Grew.

Tilt (?), n. 1. A thrust, as with a lance. Addison.

2. A military exercise on horseback, in which the combatants attacked each other with lances; a tournament.

3. See Tilt hammer, in the Vocabulary.

4. Inclination forward; as, the tilt of a cask.

Full tilt, with full force. Dampier.

Tilt"er (?), n. 1. One who tilts, or jousts; hence, one who fights.

Let me alone to match your tilter.
Glanville.

2. One who operates a tilt hammer.

Tilth (?), n. [AS. til&?;, fr. tilian to till. See Till to cultivate.] 1. The state of being tilled, or prepared for a crop; culture; as, land is good tilth.

The tilth and rank fertility of its golden youth.
De Quincey.

2. That which is tilled; tillage ground. [R.]

And so by tilth and grange . . .
We gained the mother city.
Tennyson.

Tilt" ham`mer (?). A tilted hammer; a heavy hammer, used in iron works, which is lifted or tilted by projections or wipers on a revolving shaft; a trip hammer.

Tilt"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who tilts; a tilt.

2. The process by which blister steel is rendered ductile by being forged with a tilt hammer.

Tilting helmet, a helmet of large size and unusual weight and strength, worn at tilts.

Tilt"-mill` (?), n. A mill where a tilt hammer is used, or where the process of tilting is carried on.

Til" tree` (?). (Bot.) See Teil.

Tilt"-up` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tip-up.

Tilt"-yard` (?), n. A yard or place for tilting. "The tilt-yard of Templestowe." Sir W. Scott.

Ti"mal (?), n. (Zoöl.) The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tim"a*line (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the genus Timalus or family Timalidæ, which includes the babblers thrushes, and bulbuls.

Tim"bal (?), n. A kettledrum. See Tymbal.

Tim"ber (?), n. [Probably the same word as timber sort of wood; cf. Sw. timber, LG. timmer, MHG. zimber, G. zimmer, F. timbre, LL. timbrium. Cf. Timmer.] (Com.) A certain quantity of fur skins, as of martens, ermines, sables, etc., packed between boards; being in some cases forty skins, in others one hundred and twenty; -- called also timmer. [Written also timbre.]

Tim"ber, n. [F. timbre. See Timbre.] (Her.) The crest on a coat of arms. [Written also timbre.]

Tim"ber, v. t. To surmount as a timber does. [Obs.]

Tim"ber, n. [AS. timbor, timber, wood, building; akin to OFries. timber, D. timmer a room, G. zimmer, OHG. zimbar timber, a dwelling, room, Icel. timbr timber, Sw. timmer, Dan. tömmer, Goth. timrjan to build, timrja a builder, L. domus a house, Gr. &?; house, &?; to build, Skr. dama a house. √62. Cf. Dome, Domestic.] 1. That sort of wood which is proper for buildings or for tools, utensils, furniture, carriages, fences, ships, and the like; -- usually said of felled trees, but sometimes of those standing. Cf. Lumber, 3.

And ta'en my fiddle to the gate, . . .
And fiddled in the timber!
Tennyson.

2. The body, stem, or trunk of a tree.

3. Fig.: Material for any structure.

Such dispositions are the very errors of human nature; and yet they are the fittest timber to make politics of.
Bacon.

4. A single piece or squared stick of wood intended for building, or already framed; collectively, the larger pieces or sticks of wood, forming the framework of a house, ship, or other structure, in distinction from the covering or boarding.

So they prepared timber . . . to build the house.
1 Kings v. 18.

Many of the timbers were decayed.
W. Coxe.

5. Woods or forest; wooden land. [Western U. S.]

6. (Shipbuilding) A rib, or a curving piece of wood, branching outward from the keel and bending upward in a vertical direction. One timber is composed of several pieces united.

Timber and room. (Shipbuilding) Same as Room and space. See under Room. -- Timber beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of beetles the larvæ of which bore in timber; as, the silky timber beetle (Lymexylon sericeum). -- Timber doodle (Zoöl.), the American woodcock. [Local, U. S.] -- Timber grouse (Zoöl.), any species of grouse that inhabits woods, as the ruffed grouse and spruce partridge; -- distinguished from prairie grouse. -- Timber hitch (Naut.), a kind of hitch used for temporarily marking fast a rope to a spar. See Illust. under Hitch. -- Timber mare, a kind of instrument upon which soldiers were formerly compelled to ride for punishment. Johnson. -- Timber scribe, a metal tool or pointed instrument for marking timber. Simmonds. -- Timber sow. (Zoöl.) Same as Timber worm, below. Bacon. -- Timber tree, a tree suitable for timber. -- Timber worm (Zoöl.), any larval insect which burrows in timber. -- Timber yard, a yard or place where timber is deposited.

Tim"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Timbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Timbering.] To furnish with timber; -- chiefly used in the past participle.

His bark is stoutly timbered.
Shak.

Tim"ber, v. i. 1. To light on a tree. [Obs.]

2. (Falconry) To make a nest.

Tim"bered (?), a. 1. Furnished with timber; -- often compounded; as, a well-timbered house; a low-timbered house. L'Estrange.

2. Built; formed; contrived. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

3. Massive, like timber. [Obs.]

His timbered bones all broken, rudely rumbled.
Spenser.

4. Covered with growth timber; wooden; as, well- timbered land.

Tim"ber*head` (?), n. (Naut.) The top end of a timber, rising above the gunwale, and serving for belaying ropes, etc.; -- called also kevel head.

Tim"ber*ing, n. The act of furnishing with timber; also, timbers, collectively; timberwork; timber.

Tim"ber*ling (?), n. [Timber + - ling.] A small tree. [Eng.]

Tim"ber*man (?), n.; pl. Timbermen (&?;). (Mining) A man employed in placing supports of timber in a mine. Weale.

Tim"ber*work` (?), n. Work made of timbers.

Tim"bre (?), n. See 1st Timber.

Tim"bre, n. [F., a bell to be struck with a hammer, sound, tone, stamp, crest, in OF., a timbrel. Cf. Timbrel.] 1. (Her.) The crest on a coat of arms.

2. (Mus.) The quality or tone distinguishing voices or instruments; tone color; clang tint; as, the timbre of the voice; the timbre of a violin. See Tone, and Partial tones, under Partial.

Tim"brel (?), n. [Dim. of OE. timbre, OF. timbre; probably fr. L. typmanum, Gr. &?; a kettledrum, but influenced perhaps by Ar. tabl a drum; cf. Per. tambal a drum. See Tympanum, and cf. 2d Timbre, Tymbal.] (Mus.) A kind of drum, tabor, or tabret, in use from the highest antiquity.

Miriam . . . took a timbrel in her hand, and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances.
Ex. xv. 20.

{ Tim"breled, Tim"brelled} (?), a. Sung to the sound of the timbrel. "In vain with timbreled anthems dark." Milton.

Tim`bu*rine" (?), n. A tambourine. [Obs.]

Time (?), n.; pl. Times (#). [OE. time, AS. tīma, akin to tīd time, and to Icel. tīmi, Dan. time an hour, Sw. timme. √58. See Tide, n.] 1. Duration, considered independently of any system of measurement or any employment of terms which designate limited portions thereof.

The time wasteth [i. e. passes away] night and day.
Chaucer.

I know of no ideas . . . that have a better claim to be accounted simple and original than those of space and time.
Reid.

2. A particular period or part of duration, whether past, present, or future; a point or portion of duration; as, the time was, or has been; the time is, or will be.

God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets.
Heb. i. 1.

3. The period at which any definite event occurred, or person lived; age; period; era; as, the Spanish Armada was destroyed in the time of Queen Elizabeth; -- often in the plural; as, ancient times; modern times.

4. The duration of one's life; the hours and days which a person has at his disposal.

Believe me, your time is not your own; it belongs to God, to religion, to mankind.
Buckminster.

5. A proper time; a season; an opportunity.

There is . . . a time to every purpose.
Eccl. iii. 1.

The time of figs was not yet.
Mark xi. 13.

6. Hour of travail, delivery, or parturition.

She was within one month of her time.
Clarendon.

7. Performance or occurrence of an action or event, considered with reference to repetition; addition of a number to itself; repetition; as, to double cloth four times; four times four, or sixteen.

Summers three times eight save one.
Milton.

8. The present life; existence in this world as contrasted with immortal life; definite, as contrasted with infinite, duration.

Till time and sin together cease.
Keble.

9. (Gram.) Tense.

10. (Mus.) The measured duration of sounds; measure; tempo; rate of movement; rhythmical division; as, common or triple time; the musician keeps good time.

Some few lines set unto a solemn time.
Beau. & Fl.

&fist; Time is often used in the formation of compounds, mostly self-explaining; as, time-battered, time-beguiling, time-consecrated, time-consuming, time-enduring, time-killing, time-sanctioned, time-scorner, time-wasting, time-worn, etc.

Absolute time, time irrespective of local standards or epochs; as, all spectators see a lunar eclipse at the same instant of absolute time. -- Apparent time, the time of day reckoned by the sun, or so that 12 o'clock at the place is the instant of the transit of the sun's center over the meridian. - - Astronomical time, mean solar time reckoned by counting the hours continuously up to twenty-four from one noon to the next. -- At times, at distinct intervals of duration; now and then; as, at times he reads, at other times he rides. -- Civil time, time as reckoned for the purposes of common life in distinct periods, as years, months, days, hours, etc., the latter, among most modern nations, being divided into two series of twelve each, and reckoned, the first series from midnight to noon, the second, from noon to midnight. -- Common time (Mil.), the ordinary time of marching, in which ninety steps, each twenty-eight inches in length, are taken in one minute. -- Equation of time. See under Equation, n. -- In time. (a) In good season; sufficiently early; as, he arrived in time to see the exhibition. (b) After a considerable space of duration; eventually; finally; as, you will in time recover your health and strength. -- Mean time. See under 4th Mean. -- Quick time (Mil.), time of marching, in which one hundred and twenty steps, each thirty inches in length, are taken in one minute. -- Sidereal time. See under Sidereal. -- Standard time, the civil time that has been established by law or by general usage over a region or country. In England the standard time is Greenwich mean solar time. In the United States and Canada four kinds of standard time have been adopted by the railroads and accepted by the people, viz., Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific time, corresponding severally to the mean local times of the 75th, 90th, 105th, and 120th meridians west from Greenwich, and being therefore five, six, seven, and eight hours slower than Greenwich time. -- Time ball, a ball arranged to drop from the summit of a pole, to indicate true midday time, as at Greenwich Observatory, England. Nichol. -- Time bargain (Com.), a contract made for the sale or purchase of merchandise, or of stock in the public funds, at a certain time in the future. -- Time bill. Same as Time-table. [Eng.] -- Time book, a book in which is kept a record of the time persons have worked. -- Time detector, a timepiece provided with a device for registering and indicating the exact time when a watchman visits certain stations in his beat. -- Time enough, in season; early enough. "Stanly at Bosworth field, . . . came time enough to save his life." Bacon. -- Time fuse, a fuse, as for an explosive projectile, which can be so arranged as to ignite the charge at a certain definite interval after being itself ignited. -- Time immemorial, or Time out of mind. (Eng. Law) See under Immemorial. -- Time lock, a lock having clockwork attached, which, when wound up, prevents the bolt from being withdrawn when locked, until a certain interval of time has elapsed. -- Time of day, salutation appropriate to the times of the day, as "good morning," "good evening," and the like; greeting. -- To kill time. See under Kill, v. t. -- To make time. (a) To gain time. (b) To occupy or use (a certain) time in doing something; as, the trotting horse made fast time. -- To move, run, or go, against time, to move, run, or go a given distance without a competitor, in the quickest possible time; or, to accomplish the greatest distance which can be passed over in a given time; as, the horse is to run against time. -- True time. (a) Mean time as kept by a clock going uniformly. (b) (Astron.) Apparent time as reckoned from the transit of the sun's center over the meridian.

Time (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Timed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Timing.] 1. To appoint the time for; to bring, begin, or perform at the proper season or time; as, he timed his appearance rightly.

There is no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings and onsets of things.
Bacon.

2. To regulate as to time; to accompany, or agree with, in time of movement.

Who overlooked the oars, and timed the stroke.
Addison.

He was a thing of blood, whose every motion
Was timed with dying cries.
Shak.

3. To ascertain or record the time, duration, or rate of; as, to time the speed of horses, or hours for workmen.

4. To measure, as in music or harmony.

Time, v. i. 1. To keep or beat time; to proceed or move in time.

With oar strokes timing to their song.
Whittier.

2. To pass time; to delay. [Obs.]

Time"ful (?), a. Seasonable; timely; sufficiently early. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Time"-hon`ored (?), a. Honored for a long time; venerable, and worthy of honor, by reason of antiquity, or long continuance.

Time"keep`er (?), n. 1. A clock, watch, or other chronometer; a timepiece.

2. A person who keeps, marks, regulates, or determines the time. Specifically: --

(a) A person who keeps a record of the time spent by workmen at their work.

(b) One who gives the time for the departure of conveyances.

(c) One who marks the time in musical performances.

(d) One appointed to mark and declare the time of participants in races or other contests.

Time"less, a. 1. Done at an improper time; unseasonable; untimely. [R.]

Nor fits it to prolong the heavenly feast
Timeless, indecent.
Pope.

2. Done or occurring before the proper time; premature; immature; as, a timeless grave. [Obs.]

Must I behold thy timeless, cruel death?
Shak.

3. Having no end; interminable; unending. "Timeless night and chaos." Young.

Time"less*ly, adv. In a timeless manner; unseasonably. [R.] Milton.

Time"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being timely; seasonableness; opportuneness.

Time"ling (?), n. A timeserver. [Obs.]

Time"ly, a. [Compar. Timelier (?); superl. Timeliest.] 1. Being or occurring in good time; sufficiently early; seasonable. "The timely dew of sleep." Milton.

2. Keeping time or measure. Spenser.

Time"ly, adv. Early; soon; in good season.

Timely advised, the coming evil shun.
Prior.

Thanks to you,
That called me timelier than my purpose hither,
For I have gained by it.
Shak.

Ti*men"o*guy (?), n. (Naut.) A rope carried taut between or over obstacles likely to engage or foul the running rigging in working a ship.

Time"ous (?), a. Timely; seasonable. [R. or Scot.] -- Time"ous*ly, adv. [R. or Scot.]

Time"piece` (?), n. A clock, watch, or other instrument, to measure or show the progress of time; a chronometer.

Time"pleas`er (?), n. One who complies with prevailing opinions, whatever they may be; a timeserver.

Timepleasers, flatterers, foes to nobleness.
Shak.

Tim"er (?), n. A timekeeper; especially, a watch by which small intervals of time can be measured; a kind of stop watch. It is used for timing the speed of horses, machinery, etc.

Time"sav`ing (?), a. Saving time; as, a timesaving expedient.

Time"serv`er (?), n. One who adapts his opinions and manners to the times; one who obsequiously compiles with the ruling power; -- now used only in a bad sense.

Time"serv`ing, a. Obsequiously complying with the spirit of the times, or the humors of those in power.

Time"serv`ing, n. An obsequious compliance with the spirit of the times, or the humors of those in power, which implies a surrender of one's independence, and sometimes of one's integrity.

Syn. -- Temporizing. -- Timeserving, Temporizing. Both these words are applied to the conduct of one who adapts himself servilely to times and seasons. A timeserver is rather active, and a temporizer, passive. One whose policy is timeserving comes forward to act upon principles or opinions which may promote his advancement; one who is temporizing yields to the current of public sentiment or prejudice, and shrinks from a course of action which might injure him with others. The former is dishonest; the latter is weak; and both are contemptible.

Trimming and timeserving, which are but two words for the same thing, . . . produce confusion.
South.

[I] pronounce thee . . . a hovering temporizer, that
Canst with thine eyes at once see good and evil,
Inclining to them both.
Shak.

Time"-ta`ble (?), n. 1. A tabular statement of the time at which, or within which, several things are to take place, as the recitations in a school, the departure and arrival of railroad trains or other public conveyances, the rise and fall of the tides, etc.

2. (Railroad) A plane surface divided in one direction with lines representing hours and minutes, and in the other with lines representing miles, and having diagonals (usually movable strings) representing the speed and position of various trains.

3. (Mus.) A table showing the notation, length, or duration of the several notes.

Tim"id (?), a. [L. timidus, fr. timere to fear; cf. Skr. tam to become breathless, to become stupefief: cf. F. timide.] Wanting courage to meet danger; easily frightened; timorous; not bold; fearful; shy.

Poor is the triumph o'er the timid hare.
Thomson.

Syn. -- Fearful; timorous; afraid; cowardly; pusillanimous; faint-hearted; shrinking; retiring.

-- Tim"id*ly, adv. -- Tim"id*ness, n.

Ti*mid"i*ty (?), n. [L. timiditas: cf. F. timidité.] The quality or state of being timid; timorousness; timidness.

Tim"id*ous (?), a. Timid. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Tim"ist (?), n. [Written also timeist.] 1. (Mus.) A performer who keeps good time.

2. A timeserver. [Obs.] Overbury.

Tim"mer (?), n. Same as 1st Timber. [Scot.]

Ti*moc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; honor, worth (fr. &?; to honor) + &?; to govern: cf. F. timocratie.] (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A state in which the love of honor is the ruling motive. (b) A state in which honors are distributed according to a rating of property.

Ti`mo*crat"ic (?), a. Belonging to, or constituted by, timocracy. Sir G. C. Lewis.

Tim`o*neer" (?), n. [F. timonier, fr. timon a helm, fr. L. temo, -onis, a pole.] A helmsman. [R.]

Tim"or*ous (?), a. [LL. timorosus, from L. timor fear; akin to timere to fear. See Timid.] 1. Fearful of danger; timid; deficient in courage. Shak.

2. Indicating, or caused by, fear; as, timorous doubts. "The timorous apostasy of chuchmen." Milman.

-- Tim"or*ous*ly, adv. -- Tim"or*ous*ness, n.

Tim"or*some (?), a. Easily frightened; timorous. [Written also timersome.] [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

{ Tim"o*thy (?), n., or Tim"o*thy grass` (?) }. [From Timothy Hanson, who carried the seed from New England to Maryland about 1720.] (Bot.) A kind of grass (Phleum pratense) with long cylindrical spikes; -- called also herd's grass, in England, cat's-tail grass, and meadow cat's-tail grass. It is much prized for fodder. See Illustration in Appendix.

Tim"ous (?), a. [Cf. Timeous.] Timely; seasonable. [Obs.] Bacon. -- Tim"ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

||Tim"pa*no (?), n.; pl. Timpani (#). [It.] (Mus.) See Tympano.

Tim"-whis`key (?), n. A kind of carriage. See Whiskey. Southery.

Tin (?), n. [As. tin; akin to D. tin, G. zinn, OHG. zin, Icel. & Dan. tin, Sw. tenn; of unknown origin.] 1. (Chem.) An elementary substance found as an oxide in the mineral cassiterite, and reduced as a soft white crystalline metal, malleable at ordinary temperatures, but brittle when heated. It is not easily oxidized in the air, and is used chiefly to coat iron to protect it from rusting, in the form of tin foil with mercury to form the reflective surface of mirrors, and in solder, bronze, speculum metal, and other alloys. Its compounds are designated as stannous, or stannic. Symbol Sn (Stannum). Atomic weight 117.4.

2. Thin plates of iron covered with tin; tin plate.

3. Money. [Cant] Beaconsfield.

Block tin (Metal.), commercial tin, cast into blocks, and partially refined, but containing small quantities of various impurities, as copper, lead, iron, arsenic, etc.; solid tin as distinguished from tin plate; -- called also bar tin. -- Butter of tin. (Old Chem.) See Fuming liquor of Libavius, under Fuming. -- Grain tin. (Metal.) See under Grain. -- Salt of tin (Dyeing), stannous chloride, especially so called when used as a mordant. -- Stream tin. See under Stream. -- Tin cry (Chem.), the peculiar creaking noise made when a bar of tin is bent. It is produced by the grating of the crystal granules on each other. -- Tin foil, tin reduced to a thin leaf. -- Tin frame (Mining), a kind of buddle used in washing tin ore. -- Tin liquor, Tin mordant (Dyeing), stannous chloride, used as a mordant in dyeing and calico printing. -- Tin penny, a customary duty in England, formerly paid to tithingmen for liberty to dig in tin mines. [Obs.] Bailey. -- Tin plate, thin sheet iron coated with tin. -- Tin pyrites. See Stannite.

Tin (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tinning.] To cover with tin or tinned iron, or to overlay with tin foil.

||Ti*nam"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of struthious birds, including the tinamous.

Tin"a*mou (?), n. [From the native name: cf. F. tinamous.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of South American birds belonging to Tinamus and allied genera.

&fist; In general appearance and habits they resemble grouse and partridges, but in anatomical characters they are allied to the ostriches and other struthious birds. Their wings are of moderate length, and they are able to fly a considerable distance.

Tin"cal (?), n. [Ar., Per. & Hind. tinkār; cf. Malay tingkal; all fr. Skr. &?;a&?;ka&?;a. Cf. Altincar.] (Chem.) Crude native borax, formerly imported from Thibet. It was once the chief source of boric compounds. Cf. Borax.

Tin"chel (?), n. [Written also tinchill.] [Gael. timchioll a circuit, compass.] A circle of sportsmen, who, by surrounding an extensive space and gradually closing in, bring a number of deer and game within a narrow compass. [Scot.]

We'll quell the savage mountaineer,
As their tinchel cows the game!
Sir W. Scott.

Tinct (?), a. [L. tinctus, p. p. of tingere to tinge. See Tinge.] Tined; tinged. [Archaic] Spenser.

Tinct, n. [See Tint.] Color; tinge; tincture; tint. [Archaic] "Blue of heaven's own tinct." Shak.

All the devices blazoned on the shield,
In their own tinct.
Tennyson.

Tinct, v. t. [See Tinge.] To color or stain; to imblue; to tint. [Archaic] Bacon.

Tinc*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. tinctorius, from tinctor a dyer, tingere, tinctum, to dye: cf. F. tinctorial. See Tinge.] Of or relating to color or colors; imparting a color; as, tinctorial matter. Ure.

Tinc"ture (?), n. [L. tinctura a dyeing, from tingere, tinctum, to tinge, dye: cf. OE. tainture, teinture, F. teinture, L. tinctura. See Tinge.] 1. A tinge or shade of color; a tint; as, a tincture of red.

2. (Her.) One of the metals, colors, or furs used in armory.

&fist; There are two metals: gold, called or, and represented in engraving by a white surface covered with small dots; and silver, called argent, and represented by a plain white surface. The colors and their representations are as follows: red, called gules, or a shading of vertical lines; blue, called azure, or horizontal lines; black, called sable, or horizontal and vertical lines crossing; green, called vert, or diagonal lines from dexter chief corner; purple, called purpure, or diagonal lines from sinister chief corner. The furs are ermine, ermines, erminois, pean, vair, counter vair, potent, and counter potent. See Illustration in Appendix.

3. The finer and more volatile parts of a substance, separated by a solvent; an extract of a part of the substance of a body communicated to the solvent.

4. (Med.) A solution (commonly colored) of medicinal substance in alcohol, usually more or less diluted; spirit containing medicinal substances in solution.

&fist; According to the United States Pharmacopœia, the term tincture (also called alcoholic tincture, and spirituous tincture) is reserved for the alcoholic solutions of nonvolatile substances, alcoholic solutions of volatile substances being called spirits.

Ethereal tincture, a solution of medicinal substance in ether.

5. A slight taste superadded to any substance; as, a tincture of orange peel.

6. A slight quality added to anything; a tinge; as, a tincture of French manners.

All manners take a tincture from our own.
Pope.

Every man had a slight tincture of soldiership, and scarcely any man more than a slight tincture.
Macaulay.

Tinc"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinctured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tincturing.] 1. To communicate a slight foreign color to; to tinge; to impregnate with some extraneous matter.

A little black paint will tincture and spoil twenty gay colors.
I. Watts.

2. To imbue the mind of; to communicate a portion of anything foreign to; to tinge.

The stain of habitual sin may thoroughly tincture all our soul.
Barrow.

Tind (?), v. t. [OE. tenden, AS. tendan; akin to G. zünden, OHG. zunten, Icel. tendra, Sw. tända, Dan. tænde, Goth. tandjan to kindle, tundnan to be kindled, to burn. Cf. Tinder.] To kindle. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

Tin"dal (?), n. [From the native name: cf. Malayalam ta&?;&?;al.] 1. A petty officer among lascars, or native East Indian sailors; a boatswain's mate; a cockswain. [India] Malcom.

2. An attendant on an army. [India] Simmonds.

Tin"der (?), n. [OE. tinder, tunder, AS. tynder, tyndre; akin to tendan to kindle, D. tonder tinder, G. zunder, OHG. zuntara, zuntra, Icel. tundr, Sw. tunder, Dan. tönder. See Tind.] Something very inflammable, used for kindling fire from a spark, as scorched linen.

German tinder. Same as Amadou. -- Tinder box, a box in which tinder is kept.

Tine (?), n. [See Teen affliction.] Trouble; distress; teen. [Obs.] "Cruel winter's tine." Spenser.

Tine, v. t. [See Tind.] To kindle; to set on fire. [Obs.] See Tind. "To tine the cloven wood." Dryden.

Coals of contention and hot vengeance tind.
Spenser.

Tine, v. i. [Cf. Tine distress, or Tine to kindle.] To kindle; to rage; to smart. [Obs.]

Ne was there slave, ne was there medicine
That mote recure their wounds; so inly they did tine.
Spenser.

Tine, v. t. [AS. t&?;nan, from t&?;n an inclosure. See Town.] To shut in, or inclose. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tine, n. [OE. tind, AS. tind; akin to MHG. zint, Icel. tindr, Sw. tinne, and probably to G. zinne a pinnacle, OHG. zinna, and E. tooth. See Tooth.] A tooth, or spike, as of a fork; a prong, as of an antler.

||Tin"e*a (?), n. [L., a worm, a moth.] 1. (Med.) A name applied to various skin diseases, but especially to ringworm. See Ringworm, and Sycosis.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of small Lepidoptera, including the clothes moths and carpet moths.

Tin"e*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Tinea, or of the family Tineidæ, which includes numerous small moths, many of which are injurious to woolen and fur goods and to cultivated plants. Also used adjectively.

Tined (?), a. Furnished with tines; as, a three-tined fork.

Tin"e*id (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tinean.

Tine"man (?), n.; pl. Tinemen (#). [Probably akin to tine to shut or inclose.] (O. Eng. Forest Law) An officer of the forest who had the care of vert and venison by night. [Obs.]

Ti"net (?), n. [From Tine to shut in, inclose.] Brushwood and thorns for making and repairing hedges. [Obs. Eng.]

Ting (?), n. [An imitative word. Cf. Tink.] A sharp sound, as of a bell; a tinkling.

Ting, v. i. To sound or ring, as a bell; to tinkle. [R.] Holland.

||Ting, n. The apartment in a Chinese temple where the idol is kept.

Tinge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tingeing (?).] [L. tingere, tinctum, to dye, stain, wet; akin to Gr. &?;, and perhaps to G. tunken to dip, OHG. tunchōn, dunchōn, thunkōn. Cf. Distain, Dunker, Stain, Taint a stain, to stain, Tincture, Tint.] To imbue or impregnate with something different or foreign; as, to tinge a decoction with a bitter taste; to affect in some degree with the qualities of another substance, either by mixture, or by application to the surface; especially, to color slightly; to stain; as, to tinge a blue color with red; an infusion tinged with a yellow color by saffron.

His [Sir Roger's] virtues, as well as imperfections, are tinged by a certain extravagance.
Addison.

Syn. -- To color; dye; stain.

Tinge, n. A degree, usually a slight degree, of some color, taste, or something foreign, infused into another substance or mixture, or added to it; tincture; color; dye; hue; shade; taste.

His notions, too, respecting the government of the state, took a tinge from his notions respecting the government of the church.
Macaulay.

Tin"gent (?), a. [L. tingens, p. pr. of tingere to tinge. See Tinge.] Having the power to tinge. [R.]

As for the white part, it appears much less enriched with the tingent property.
Boyle.

Tin"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, tinges.

Tin"gid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the genus Tingis.

||Tin"gis (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of small hemipterous insects which injure trees by sucking the sap from the leaves. See Illustration in Appendix.

Tin"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tingled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tingling (?).] [Freq. of ting. Cf. Tinkle.] 1. To feel a kind of thrilling sensation, as in hearing a shrill sound.

At which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle.
1 Sam. iii. 11.

2. To feel a sharp, thrilling pain.

The pale boy senator yet tingling stands.
Pope.

3. To have, or to cause, a sharp, thrilling sensation, or a slight pricking sensation.

They suck pollution through their tingling vein.
Tickell.

Tink (?), v. i. [OE. tinken; of imitative origin. Cf. Ting a tinkling, Tinker.] To make a sharp, shrill noise; to tinkle. Wyclif (1 Cor. xiii. 1).

Tink, n. A sharp, quick sound; a tinkle.

Tink"er (?), n. [From Tink, because the tinker's way of proclaiming his trade is to beat a kettle, or because in his work he makes a tinkling noise. Johnson.] 1. A mender of brass kettles, pans, and other metal ware. "Tailors and tinkers." Piers Plowman.

2. One skilled in a variety of small mechanical work.

3. (Ordnance) A small mortar on the end of a staff.

4. (Zoöl.) (a) A young mackerel about two years old. (b) The chub mackerel. (c) The silversides. (d) A skate. [Prov. Eng.]

5. (Zoöl.) The razor-billed auk.

Tink"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinkered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tinkering.] To mend or solder, as metal wares; hence, more generally, to mend.

Tink"er, v. i. To busy one's self in mending old kettles, pans, etc.; to play the tinker; to be occupied with small mechanical works.

Tink"er*ing, n. The act or work of a tinker.

Tink"er*ly, a. After the manner of a tinker. [R.]

{ Tink"er*shire (?), Tin"kle (?) }, n. (Zoöl.) The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

Tin"kle (?), v. i. [Freq. of tink. See Tink, Tingle.] 1. To make, or give forth, small, quick, sharp sounds, as a piece of metal does when struck; to clink.

As sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.
1 Cor. xiii. 1.

The sprightly horse
Moves to the music of his tinkling bells.
Dodsley.

2. To hear, or resound with, a small, sharp sound.

And his ears tinkled, and the color fled.
Dryden.

Tin"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinkled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tinkling.] To cause to clonk, or make small, sharp, quick sounds.

Tin"kle, n. A small, sharp, quick sound, as that made by striking metal. Cowper.

Tin"kler (?), n. A tinker. [Prov. Eng.]

Tin"kling (?), n. 1. A tinkle, or succession of tinkles.

Drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds.
Gray.

2. (Zoöl.) A grackle (Quiscalus crassirostris) native of Jamaica. It often associates with domestic cattle, and rids them of insects.

Tin"man (?), n.; pl. Tinmen (&?;). A manufacturer of tin vessels; a dealer in tinware.

Tin"mouth` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The crappie. [U. S.]

Tinned (?), a. 1. Covered, or plated, with tin; as, a tinned roof; tinned iron.

2. Packed in tin cases; canned; as, tinned meats. Cassell (Dict. of Cookery).

Tin"nen (?), a. Made or consisting of tin. [Obs.]

Tin"ner (?), n. 1. One who works in a tin mine.

2. One who makes, or works in, tinware; a tinman.

Tin"ni*ent (?), a. [L. tinniens, p. pr. of tinnire to ring, tinkle.] Emitting a clear sound. [Obs.]

Tin"ning (?), n. 1. The act, art, or process of covering or coating anything with melted tin, or with tin foil, as kitchen utensils, locks, and the like.

2. The covering or lining of tin thus put on.

||Tin*ni"tus (?), n. [L., fr. tinnire to jingle.] (Med.) A ringing, whistling, or other imaginary noise perceived in the ears; -- called also tinnitus aurium.

Tin"nock (?), n. (Zoöl.) The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tin"ny (?), a. Pertaining to, abounding with, or resembling, tin. "The tinny strand." Drayton.

Tin"sel (?), n. [F. étincelle a spark, OF. estincelle, L. scintilla. Cf. Scintillate, Stencil.] 1. A shining material used for ornamental purposes; especially, a very thin, gauzelike cloth with much gold or silver woven into it; also, very thin metal overlaid with a thin coating of gold or silver, brass foil, or the like.

Who can discern the tinsel from the gold?
Dryden.

2. Something shining and gaudy; something superficially shining and showy, or having a false luster, and more gay than valuable.

O happy peasant! O unhappy bard!
His the mere tinsel, hers the rich reward.
Cowper.

Tin"sel, a. Showy to excess; gaudy; specious; superficial. "Tinsel trappings." Milton.

Tin"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinseled (?) or Tinselled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tinseling or Tinselling.] To adorn with tinsel; to deck out with cheap but showy ornaments; to make gaudy.

She, tinseled o'er in robes of varying hues.
Pope.

Tin"sel*ly, a. Like tinsel; gaudy; showy, but cheap.

Tin"sel*ly, adv. In a showy and cheap manner.

Tin"smith` (?), n. One who works in tin; a tinner.

Tin"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Cassiterite.

Tint (?), n. [For older tinct, fr. L. tinctus, p. p. of tingere to dye: cf. F. teinte, teint, It. tinta, tinto. See Tinge, and cf. Taint to stain, a stain, Tent a kind of wine, Tinto.] A slight coloring. Specifically: --

(a) A pale or faint tinge of any color.

Or blend in beauteous tints the colored mass.
Pope.

Their vigor sickens, and their tints decline.
Harte.

(b) A color considered with reference to other very similar colors; as, red and blue are different colors, but two shades of scarlet are different tints.

(c) (Engraving) A shaded effect produced by the juxtaposition of many fine parallel lines.

Tint tool (Eng.), a species of graver used for cutting the parallel lines which produce tints in engraving.

Tint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tinting.] To give a slight coloring to; to tinge.

Tin`ta*mar" (?), n. [F. tintamarre.] A hideous or confused noise; an uproar. [Obs.] Howell.

Tin"ter*nell (?), n. A certain old dance. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Tin"tie (t&ibreve;n"t&ibreve;), n. (Zoöl.) The wren. [Prov. Eng.]

{ Tin`tin*nab"u*lar (?), Tin`tin*nab"u*la*ry (?), } a. [L. tintinnabulum a little bell, fr. tintinnare to ring, to jingle, tinnire to jingle.] Having or making the sound of a bell; tinkling.

Tin`tin*nab`u*la"tion (?), n. A tinkling sound, as of a bell or bells. Poe.

Tin`tin*nab"u*lous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the tinkling of a bell; having a tinkling sound; tintinnabular. De Quincey.

Tin"to (?), n. [Pg., tinged, fr. L. tinctus, p. p. of tingere to tinge. See Tint, n.] A red Madeira wine, wanting the high aroma of the white sorts, and, when old, resembling tawny port.

Tin"type` (?), n. Same as Ferrotype.

Tin"ware` (?), n. Articles made of tinned iron.

Ti"ny (?), a. [Compar. Tinier (?); superl. Tiniest.] [Probably fr. tine, teen, trouble, distress, vexation.] Very small; little; puny.

When that I was and a little tiny boy.
Shak.

Tip (?), n. [Akin to D. & Dan. tip, LG. & Sw. tipp, G. zipfel, and probably to E. tap a plug, a pipe.] 1. The point or extremity of anything; a pointed or somewhat sharply rounded end; the end; as, the tip of the finger; the tip of a spear.

To the very tip of the nose.
Shak.

2. An end piece or part; a piece, as a cap, nozzle, ferrule, or point, applied to the extreme end of anything; as, a tip for an umbrella, a shoe, a gas burner, etc.

3. (Hat Manuf.) A piece of stiffened lining pasted on the inside of a hat crown.

4. A thin, boarded brush made of camel's hair, used by gilders in lifting gold leaf.

5. Rubbish thrown from a quarry.

Tip (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tipping.] To form a point upon; to cover the tip, top, or end of; as, to tip anything with gold or silver.

With truncheon tipped with iron head.
Hudibras.

Tipped with jet,
Fair ermines spotless as the snows they press.
Thomson.

Tip, v. t. [Cf. LG. tippen to tap, Sw. tippa, and E. tap to strike gently.] 1. To strike slightly; to tap.

A third rogue tips me by the elbow.
Swift.

2. To bestow a gift, or douceur, upon; to give a present to; as, to tip a servant. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

3. To lower one end of, or to throw upon the end; to tilt; as, to tip a cask; to tip a cart.

To tip off, to pour out, as liquor. -- To tip over, to overturn. -- To tip the wink, to direct a wink; to give a hint or suggestion by, or as by, a wink. [Slang] Pope. -- To tip up, to turn partly over by raising one end.

Tip, v. i. To fall on, or incline to, one side. Bunyan.

To tip off, to fall off by tipping.

Tip, n. [See Tip to strike slightly, and cf. Tap a slight blow.] 1. A light touch or blow; a tap.

2. A gift; a douceur; a fee. [Colloq.]

3. A hint, or secret intimation, as to the chances in a horse race, or the like. [Sporting Cant]

Tip"cart` (?), n. A cart so constructed that the body can be easily tipped, in order to dump the load.

Tip"cat` (?), n. A game in which a small piece of wood pointed at both ends, called a cat, is tipped, or struck with a stick or bat, so as to fly into the air.

In the middle of a game at tipcat, he paused, and stood staring wildly upward with his stick in his hand.
Macaulay.

Tip"per (?), n. A kind of ale brewed with brackish water obtained from a particular well; -- so called from the first brewer of it, one Thomas Tipper. [Eng.]

Tip"pet (?), n. [OE. tipet, tepet, AS. tæppet, probably fr. L. tapete tapestry, hangings. Cf. Tape, Tapestry, Tapet.] 1. A cape, or scarflike garment for covering the neck, or the neck and shoulders, -- usually made of fur, cloth, or other warm material. Chaucer. Bacon.

2. A length of twisted hair or gut in a fish line. [Scot.]

3. A handful of straw bound together at one end, and used for thatching. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Tippet grebe (Zoöl.), the great crested grebe, or one of several similar species. -- Tippet grouse (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. -- To turn tippet, to change. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Tip"ping (?), n. (Mus.) A distinct articulation given in playing quick notes on the flute, by striking the tongue against the roof of the mouth; double- tonguing.

Tip"ple (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tippled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tippling (?).] [From tip a small end, or a word akin to it; cf. Norw. tipla to tipple, to drip, Prov. E. tip, tiff, tift, a draught of liquor, dial. G. zipfeln to eat and drink in small parts. See Tip a point, and cf. Tipsy.] To drink spirituous or strong liquors habitually; to indulge in the frequent and improper used of spirituous liquors; especially, to drink frequently in small quantities, but without absolute drunkeness.

Few of those who were summoned left their homes, and those few generally found it more agreeable to tipple in alehouses than to pace the streets.
Macaulay.

Tip"ple, v. t. 1. To drink, as strong liquors, frequently or in excess.

Himself, for saving charges,
A peeled, sliced onions eats, and tipples verjuice.
Dryden.

2. To put up in bundles in order to dry, as hay.

Tip"ple, n. Liquor taken in tippling; drink.

Pulque, the national tipple of Mexico.
S. B. Griffin.

Tip"pled (?), a. Intoxicated; inebriated; tipsy; drunk. [R.] Dryden.

Tip"pler (?), n. 1. One who keeps a tippling-house. [Obs.] Latimer.

2. One who habitually indulges in the excessive use of spirituous liquors, whether he becomes intoxicated or not.

Tip"pling-house` (?), n. A house in which liquors are sold in drams or small quantities, to be drunk on the premises.

Tip"si*fy (?), v. t. [Tipsy + - fy.] To make tipsy. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Tip"si*ly, adv. In a tipsy manner; like one tipsy.

Tip"si*ness, n. The state of being tipsy.

Tip"staff` (?), n.; pl. Tipstaff (&?;). 1. A staff tipped with metal. Bacon.

2. An officer who bears a staff tipped with metal; a constable. Macaulay.

Tip"sy (?), a. [Compar. Tipsier (?); superl. Tipsiest.] [Akin to tipple; cf. Prov. G. tips drunkenness, betipst drunk, tipsy. See Tipple.] 1. Being under the influence of strong drink; rendered weak or foolish by liquor, but not absolutely or completely drunk; fuddled; intoxicated.

2. Staggering, as if from intoxication; reeling.

Midnight shout and revelry,
Tipsy dance and jollity.
Milton.

Tip"toe` (?), n.; pl. Tiptoes (&?;). The end, or tip, of the toe.

He must . . . stand on his typtoon [tiptoes].
Chaucer.

Upon his tiptoes stalketh stately by.
Spenser.

To be, or To stand, a tiptoe or on tiptoe, to be awake or alive to anything; to be roused; to be eager or alert; as, to be a tiptoe with expectation.

Tip"toe` (?), a. 1. Being on tiptoe, or as on tiptoe; hence, raised as high as possible; lifted up; exalted; also, alert.

Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day
Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops.
Shak.

Above the tiptoe pinnacle of glory.
Byron.

2. Noiseless; stealthy. "With tiptoe step." Cowper.

Tiptoe mirth, the highest degree of mirth. Sir W. Scott.

Tip"toe`, v. i. To step or walk on tiptoe.

Tip"top` (?), n. [Tip end + top.] The highest or utmost degree; the best of anything. [Colloq.]

Tip"top`, a. Very excellent; most excellent; perfect. [Colloq.] "Four tiptop voices." Gray. "Sung in a tiptop manner." Goldsmith.

||Tip"u*la (?), n.; pl. L. Tipulæ (#), E. Tipulas (#). [L., the water spider, or water spinner.] (Zoöl.) Any one of many species of long-legged dipterous insects belonging to Tipula and allied genera. They have long and slender bodies. See Crane fly, under Crane.

Tip"u*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. tipulaire.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the tipulas.

Tip"-up` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The spotted sandpiper; -- called also teeter-tail. See under Sandpiper.

Ti*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. It. tirada, properly, a pulling; hence, a lengthening out, a long speech, a tirade, fr. tirare to draw; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. tear to redn. See Tear to rend, and cf. Tire to tear.] A declamatory strain or flight of censure or abuse; a rambling invective; an oration or harangue abounding in censorious and bitter language.

Here he delivers a violent tirade against persons who profess to know anything about angels.
Quarterly Review.

||Ti`rail`leur" (?), n. [F., from tirailler to skirmish, wrest, from tirer to draw.] (Mil.) Formerly, a member of an independent body of marksmen in the French army. They were used sometimes in front of the army to annoy the enemy, sometimes in the rear to check his pursuit. The term is now applied to all troops acting as skirmishers.

Tire (?), n. A tier, row, or rank. See Tier. [Obs.]

In posture to displode their second tire
Of thunder.
Milton.

Tire, n. [Aphetic form of attire; OE. tir, a tir. See Attire.] 1. Attire; apparel. [Archaic] "Having rich tire about you." Shak.

2. A covering for the head; a headdress.

On her head she wore a tire of gold.
Spenser.

3. A child's apron, covering the breast and having no sleeves; a pinafore; a tier.

4. Furniture; apparatus; equipment. [Obs.] "The tire of war." Philips.

5. [Probably the same word, and so called as being an attire or covering for the wheel.] A hoop or band, as of metal, on the circumference of the wheel of a vehicle, to impart strength and receive the wear.

&fist; The iron tire of a wagon wheel or cart wheel binds the fellies together. The tire of a locomotive or railroad-car wheel is a heavy hoop of iron or steel shrunk tightly upon an iron central part. The wheel of a bicycle has a tire of India rubber.

Tire, v. t. To adorn; to attire; to dress. [Obs.]

[Jezebel] painted her face, and tired her head.
2 Kings ix. 30.

Tire, v. i. [F. tirer to draw or pull; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. tear to rend. See Tirade.] 1. To seize, pull, and tear prey, as a hawk does. [Obs.]

Even as an empty eagle, sharp by fast,
Tires with her beak on feathers, flesh, and bone.
Shak.

Ye dregs of baseness, vultures among men,
That tire upon the hearts of generous spirits.
B. Jonson.

2. To seize, rend, or tear something as prey; to be fixed upon, or engaged with, anything. [Obs.]

Thus made she her remove,
And left wrath tiring on her son.
Chapman.

Upon that were my thoughts tiring.
Shak.

Tire, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tiring.] [OE. teorien to become weary, to fail, AS. teorian to be tired, be weary, to tire, exhaust; perhaps akin to E. tear to rend, the intermediate sense being, perhaps, to wear out; or cf. E. tarry.] To become weary; to be fatigued; to have the strength fail; to have the patience exhausted; as, a feeble person soon tires.

Tire, v. t. To exhaust the strength of, as by toil or labor; to exhaust the patience of; to wear out (one's interest, attention, or the like); to weary; to fatigue; to jade. Shak.

Tired with toil, all hopes of safety past.
Dryden.

To tire out, to weary or fatigue to exhaustion; to harass.

Syn. -- To jade; weary; exhaust; harass. See Jade.

Tired (?), a. Weary; fatigued; exhausted.

Tired"ness, n. The state of being tired, or weary.

Tire"less (?), a. Untiring.

Tire"ling (?), a. Tired; fatigued. [Obs.]

Tire"some (?), a. Fitted or tending to tire; exhausted; wearisome; fatiguing; tedious; as, a tiresome journey; a tiresome discourse. -- Tire"some*ly, adv. -- Tire"some*ness, n.

Tire"-wom`an (?), n.; pl. Tire-women (#). [See Tire attire, Attire.] 1. A lady's maid.

Fashionableness of the tire-woman's making.
Locke.

2. A dresser in a theater. Simmonds.

Tir"ing-house` (?), n. [For attiring house.] A tiring-room. [Obs.] Shak.

Tir"ing-room` (?), n. [For attiring room.] The room or place where players dress for the stage.

Tir"ma (?), n. The oyster catcher. [Prov. Eng.]

Ti"ro (?), n. [L.] Same as Tyro.

T" i`ron (?). See under T.

Ti*ro"ni*an (?), a. [L. Tironianus, fr. Tiro, the learned freedman and amanuensis of Cicero.] Of or pertaining to Tiro, or a system of shorthand said to have been introduced by him into ancient Rome.

Tir"ra*lir`ra (?), n. A verbal imitation of a musical sound, as of the note of a lark or a horn.

The lark, that tirra lyra chants.
Shak.

"Tirralira, " by the river,
Sang Sir Lancelot.
Tennyson.

Tir"rit (?), n. A word from the vocabulary of Mrs. Quickly, the hostess in Shakespeare's Henry IV., probably meaning terror.

Tir"wit (?), n. [Cf. Pewit.] (Zoöl.) The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

'T is (?). A common contraction of it is.

Ti*sane" (?), n. [F.] (Med.) See Ptisan.

Ti"sar (?), n. [F. tisard.] (Glass Manuf.) The fireplace at the side of an annealing oven. Knight.

{ Tis"ic (?), Tis"ic*al (?), } a. [For phthisic, phthisical.] Consumptive, phthisical.

Tis"ic, n. Consumption; phthisis. See Phthisis.

Tis"ick*y (?), a. Consumptive, phthisical.

Tis"ri (?), n. [Heb. tishrī, fr. Chald. sherā' to open, to begin.] The seventh month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to a part of September with a part of October.

Tis"sue (?), n. [F. tissu, fr. tissu, p. p. of tisser, tistre, to weave, fr. L. texere. See Text.] 1. A woven fabric.

2. A fine transparent silk stuff, used for veils, etc.; specifically, cloth interwoven with gold or silver threads, or embossed with figures.

A robe of tissue, stiff with golden wire.
Dryden.

In their glittering tissues bear emblazed
Holy memorials.
Milton.

3. (Biol.) One of the elementary materials or fibres, having a uniform structure and a specialized function, of which ordinary animals and plants are composed; a texture; as, epithelial tissue; connective tissue.

&fist; The term tissue is also often applied in a wider sense to all the materials or elementary tissues, differing in structure and function, which go to make up an organ; as, vascular tissue, tegumentary tissue, etc.

4. Fig.: Web; texture; complicated fabrication; connected series; as, a tissue of forgeries, or of falsehood.

Unwilling to leave the dry bones of Agnosticism wholly unclothed with any living tissue of religious emotion.
A. J. Balfour.

Tissue paper, very thin, gauzelike paper, used for protecting engravings in books, for wrapping up delicate articles, etc.

Tis"sue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tissued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tissuing.] To form tissue of; to interweave.

Covered with cloth of gold tissued upon blue.
Bacon.

Tis"sued (?), a. Clothed in, or adorned with, tissue; also, variegated; as, tissued flowers. Cowper.

And crested chiefs and tissued dames
Assembled at the clarion's call.
T. Warton.

Tit (?), n. 1. A small horse. Tusser.

2. A woman; -- used in contempt. Burton.

3. A morsel; a bit. Halliwell.

4. [OE.; cf. Icel. titter a tit or small bird. The word probably meant originally, something small, and is perhaps the same as teat. Cf. Titmouse, Tittle.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to the families Paridæ and Leiotrichidæ; a titmouse. (b) The European meadow pipit; a titlark.

Ground tit. (Zoöl.) See Wren tit, under Wren. -- Hill tit (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic singing birds belonging to Siva, Milna, and allied genera. -- Tit babbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small East Indian and Asiatic timaline birds of the genus Trichastoma. -- Tit for tat. [Probably for tip for tap. See Tip a slight blow.] An equivalent; retaliation. -- Tit thrush (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic and East Indian birds belonging to Suthora and allied genera. In some respects they are intermediate between the thrushes and titmice.

Ti"tan (?), a. Titanic.

The Titan physical difficulties of his enterprise.
I. Taylor.

Ti"tan*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of titanic acid.

Ti*tan"ic (?), a. Of or relating to Titans, or fabled giants of ancient mythology; hence, enormous in size or strength; as, Titanic structures.

Ti*tan"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. titanique.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to titanium; derived from, or containing, titanium; specifically, designating those compounds of titanium in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with the titanous compounds.

Titanic acid (Chem.), a white amorphous powder, Ti.(OH)4, obtained by decomposing certain titanates; -- called also normal titanic acid. By extension, any one of a series of derived acids, called also metatitanic acid, polytitanic acid, etc. -- Titanic iron ore. (Min.) See Menaccanite.

Ti`tan*if"er*ous (?), a. [Titanium + -ferous: cf. F. titanifère.] Containing or affording titanium; as, titaniferous magnetite.

Ti"tan*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. titanite; - - so called from containing titanic acid.] (Min.) See Sphene.

Ti`tan*it"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, titanium; as, a titanitic mineral.

Ti*ta"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Titani or Titanes, Gr. &?;, the sons of the earth.] (Chem.) An elementary substance found combined in the minerals manaccanite, rutile, sphene, etc., and isolated as an infusible iron-gray amorphous powder, having a metallic luster. It burns when heated in the air. Symbol Ti. Atomic weight 48.1.

Ti"tan*o- (?). (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) designating certain double compounds of titanium with some other elements; as, titano-cyanide, titano-fluoride, titano-silicate, etc.

||Ti`tan*o*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a Titan + &?;, dim. of &?; a beast.] (Paleon.) A large American Miocene mammal, allied to the rhinoceros, and more nearly to the extinct Brontotherium.

Ti"tan*ous (?), a. Designating certain compounds of titanium in which that element has a lower valence as contrasted with titanic compounds.

Tit"bit` (?), n. Same as Tidbit.

Tith (?), a. [See Tight, a.] Tight; nimble. [Obs.]

Of a good stirring strain too, she goes tith.
Beau. & Fl.

Tith"a*ble (?), a. Subject to the payment of tithes; as, tithable lands.

Tithe (?), n. [OE. tithe, tethe, properly an adj., tenth, AS. teó&?;a the tenth; akin to tién, t&?;n, tēn, ten, G. zehnte, adj., tenth, n., a tithe, Icel. tīund the tenth; tithe, Goth. taíhunda tenth. See Ten, and cf. Tenth, Teind.] 1. A tenth; the tenth part of anything; specifically, the tenthpart of the increase arising from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy for their support, as in England, or devoted to religious or charitable uses. Almost all the tithes of England and Wales are commuted by law into rent charges.

The tithes of the corn, the new wine, and the oil.
Neh. xiii. 5.

&fist; Tithes are called personal when accuring from labor, art, trade, and navigation; predial, when issuing from the earth, as hay, wood, and fruit; and mixed, when accuring from beaste fed from the ground. Blackstone.

2. Hence, a small part or proportion. Bacon.

Great tithes, tithes of corn, hay, and wood. -- Mixed tithes, tithes of wool, milk, pigs, etc. -- Small tithes, personal and mixed tithes. -- Tithe commissioner, one of a board of officers appointed by the government for arranging propositions for commuting, or compounding for, tithes. [Eng.] Simmonds.

Tithe, a. Tenth. [Obs.]

Every tithe soul, 'mongst many thousand.
Shak.

Tithe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tithed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tithing.] [As. teó&?;ian.] To levy a tenth part on; to tax to the amount of a tenth; to pay tithes on.

Ye tithe mint and rue.
Luke xi. 42.

Tithe, v. i. Tp pay tithes. [R.] Tusser.

Tith"er (?), n. 1. One who collects tithes. Milton.

2. One who pays tithes. [R.] Chaucer.

Tith"ing, n. [AS. teó&?;ung.] 1. The act of levying or taking tithes; that which is taken as tithe; a tithe.

To take tithing of their blood and sweat.
Motley.

2. (O. Eng. Law) A number or company of ten householders who, dwelling near each other, were sureties or frankpledges to the king for the good behavior of each other; a decennary. Blackstone.

Tith"ing*man (?), n.; pl. Tithingmen (&?;). 1. (O. Eng. Law) The chief man of a tithing; a headborough; one elected to preside over the tithing.

2. (Law) A peace officer; an under constable.

3. A parish officer elected annually to preserve good order in the church during divine service, to make complaint of any disorderly conduct, and to enforce the observance of the Sabbath. [Local, U. S.]

Tith"ly (?), a. [From Tith.] Tightly; nimbly. [Obs.] "I have seen him trip it tithly." Beau. & Fl.

Ti*thon"ic (?), a. [L. Tithonius belonging to Tithonus, the consort of Aurora, Gr. &?;.] Of, pertaining to, or denoting, those rays of light which produce chemical effects; actinic. [R.]

Tith`o*nic"i*ty (?), n. (Chem. & Physics) The state or property of being tithonic; actinism. [R.]

Ti*thon`o*graph"ic (?), a. [Tithonic + -graph + -ic.] Of, relating to, or produced by, the chemical action of rays of light; photographic.

Tith`o*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Tithonic + -meter.] An instrument or apparatus for measuring or detecting tithonicity; an actinometer. [R.]

Tith"y*mal (?), n. [L. tithymalus a plant with a milklike sap, Gr. &?;: cf. F. tithymale.] (Bot.) Any kind of spurge, esp. Euphorbia Cyparissias.

Ti"ti (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Teetee.

Tit"il*late (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Titillated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Titillating.] [L. titillatus, p. p. of titillare.] To tickle; as, to titillate the nose with a feather.

The pungent grains of titillating dust.
Pope.

Tit`il*la"tion (?), n. [L. titillatio: cf. F. titillation.] 1. The act of tickling, or the state of being tickled; a tickling sensation. A. Tucker.

2. Any pleasurable sensation.

Those titillations that reach no higher than the senses.
Glanvill.

Tit"il*la*tive (?), a. Tending or serving to titillate, or tickle; tickling.

Tit"lark` (?), n. [Tit a small bird + lark.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous small spring birds belonging to Anthus, Corydalla, and allied genera, which resemble the true larks in color and in having a very long hind claw; especially, the European meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis).

Ti"tle (?), n. [OF. title, F. titre, L. titulus an inscription, label, title, sign, token. Cf. Tilde, Titrate, Titular.] 1. An inscription put over or upon anything as a name by which it is known.

2. The inscription in the beginning of a book, usually containing the subject of the work, the author's and publisher's names, the date, etc.

3. (Bookbindng) The panel for the name, between the bands of the back of a book.

4. A section or division of a subject, as of a law, a book, specif. (Roman & Canon Laws), a chapter or division of a law book.

5. An appellation of dignity, distinction, or preëminence (hereditary or acquired), given to persons, as duke marquis, honorable, esquire, etc.

With his former title greet Macbeth.
Shak.

6. A name; an appellation; a designation.

7. (Law) (a) That which constitutes a just cause of exclusive possession; that which is the foundation of ownership of property, real or personal; a right; as, a good title to an estate, or an imperfect title. (b) The instrument which is evidence of a right. (c) (Canon Law) That by which a beneficiary holds a benefice.

8. (Anc. Church Records) A church to which a priest was ordained, and where he was to reside.

Title deeds (Law), the muniments or evidences of ownership; as, the title deeds to an estate.

Syn. -- Epithet; name; appellation; denomination. See epithet, and Name.

Ti"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Titled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Titling (?).] [Cf. L. titulare, F. titrer. See Title, n.] To call by a title; to name; to entitle.

Hadrian, having quieted the island, took it for honor to be titled on his coin, "The Restorer of Britain."
Milton.

Ti"tled (?), a. Having or bearing a title.

Ti"tle*less (?), a. Not having a title or name; without legitimate title. "A titleless tyrant." Chaucer.

Ti"tle-page` (?), n. The page of a book which contains it title.

The world's all title-page; there's no contents.
Young.

Tit"ler (?), n. A large truncated cone of refined sugar.

Tit"ling (?), n. [Icel. titlingr a tit sparrow. See Tit a small bird.] 1. (Zoöl.) (a) The hedge sparrow; -- called also titlene. Its nest often chosen by the cuckoo as a place for depositing its own eggs.

The titling, . . . being thus deceived, hatcheth the egg, and bringeth up the chick of another bird.
Holland.

(b) The meadow pipit.

2. Stockfish; -- formerly so called in customhouses.

Tit"mal (?), n. The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tit"mouse` (?), n.; pl. Titmice (#). [OE. titemose, titmase; tit small, or a small bird + AS. māse a kind of small bird; akin to D. mees a titmouse, G. meise, OHG. meisa, Icel. meisingr. The English form has been influenced by the unrelated word mouse. Cf. Tit a small bird.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small insectivorous singing birds belonging to Parus and allied genera; -- called also tit, and tomtit.

&fist; The blue titmouse (Parus cœruleus), the marsh titmouse (P. palustris), the crested titmouse (P. cristatus), the great titmouse (P. major), and the long tailed titmouse (Ægithalos caudatus), are the best-known European species. See Chickadee.

Ti"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Titrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Titrating.] [F. titrer, from titre standard, title. See Title, n.] (Chem.) To analyse, or determine the strength of, by means of standard solutions. Cf. Standardized solution, under Solution.

Ti"tra*ted (?), a. (Chem.) Standardized; determined or analyzed by titration; as, titrated solutions.

Ti*tra"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of titrating; a substance obtained by titrating.

Tit"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tittering.] [Probably of imitative origin.] To laugh with the tongue striking against the root of the upper teeth; to laugh with restraint, or without much noise; to giggle.

A group of tittering pages ran before.
Longfellow.

Tit"ter, n. A restrained laugh. "There was a titter of . . . delight on his countenance." Coleridge.

Tit"ter, v. i. To seesaw. See Teeter.

Tit"ter*el (?), n. The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.]

Tit"ter-tot`ter (?), v. i. See Teeter.

Tit"ti*mouse` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tit"tle (?), n. [OE. titel, titil, apparently a dim. of tit, in the sense of small; cf. G. tüttel a tittle, dim. of OHG. tutta teat. Perhaps, however, the same word as title, n.] A particle; a minute part; a jot; an iota.

It is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail.
Luke xvi. 17.

Every tittle of this prophecy is most exactly verified.
South.

Tit"tle*bat (?), n. (Zoöl.) The three-spined stickleback. [Prov. Eng.]

Tit"tle-tat`tle (?), n. [A reduplication of tattle.] 1. Idle, trifling talk; empty prattle. Arbuthnot.

2. An idle, trifling talker; a gossip. [R.] Tatler.

Tit"tle-tat`tle, v. i. To talk idly; to prate. Shak.

Tit"tle-tat`tling (?), n. The act or habit of parting idly or gossiping.

Tit"ty (?), n. A little teat; a nipple. [Familiar]

Tit"u*bate (?), v. i. [L. titubatus, p. p. of titubare to stagger, totter.] 1. To stumble. [Obs.]

2. To rock or roll, as a curved body on a plane.

Tit`u*ba"tion (?), n. [L. titubatio: cf. F. titubation.] The act of stumbling, rocking, or rolling; a reeling. Quain.

Tit"u*lar (?), a. [F. titulaire, fr. L. titulus. See Title.] Existing in title or name only; nominal; having the title to an office or dignity without discharging its appropriate duties; as, a titular prince.

If these magnificent titles yet remain
Not merely titular.
Milton.

Titular bishop. See under Bishop.

Tit"u*lar, n. A titulary. [R.]

Tit`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being titular. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Tit"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a titular manner; nominally; by title only.

Tit"u*la*ry (?), n.; pl. Titularies (#). [Cf. F. titulaire.] A person invested with a title, in virtue of which he holds an office or benefice, whether he performs the duties of it or not.

Tit"u*la*ry, a. 1. Consisting in a title; titular.

2. Of or pertaining to a title.

Tit"uled (?), a. Having a title. [Obs.] Fuller.

Tiv"er (?), n. [AS. teáfor, teáfur.] A kind of ocher which is used in some parts of England in marking sheep. [Prov. Eng.]

Tiv"er, v. t. To mark with tiver. [Prov. Eng.]

Tiv"y (?), adv. [See Tantivy.] With great speed; -- a huntsman's word or sound. Dryden.

Ti"za (?), n. [CF. Sp. tiza whitening, a kind of chalk or pipe clay.] (Chem.) See Ulexite.

Tme"sis (mē"s&ibreve;s or t'mē"s&ibreve;s; 277), n. [L., from Gr. tmh^sis a cutting, fr. te`mnein to cut.] (Gram.) The separation of the parts of a compound word by the intervention of one or more words; as, in what place soever, for whatsoever place.

To- (?, see To, prep.), [AS. to- asunder; akin to G. zer-, and perhaps to L. dis-, or Gr. &?;.] An obsolete intensive prefix used in the formation of compound verbs; as in to-beat, to-break, to-hew, to- rend, to-tear. See these words in the Vocabulary. See the Note on All to, or All-to, under All, adv.

To (&?;, emphatic or alone, &?;, obscure or unemphatic), prep. [AS. tō; akin to OS. & OFries. tō, D. toe, G. zu, OHG. zuo, zua, zō, Russ. do, Ir. & Gael. do, OL. -do, -du, as in endo, indu, in, Gr. &?;, as in &?; homeward. √200. Cf. Too, Tatoo a beat of drums.] 1. The preposition to primarily indicates approach and arrival, motion made in the direction of a place or thing and attaining it, access; and also, motion or tendency without arrival; movement toward; -- opposed to from. "To Canterbury they wend." Chaucer.

Stay with us, go not to Wittenberg.
Shak.

So to the sylvan lodge
They came, that like Pomona's arbor smiled.
Milton.

I'll to him again, . . .
He'll tell me all his purpose.
She stretched her arms to heaven.
Dryden.

2. Hence, it indicates motion, course, or tendency toward a time, a state or condition, an aim, or anything capable of being regarded as a limit to a tendency, movement, or action; as, he is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth and honor.

&fist; Formerly, by omission of the verb denoting motion, to sometimes followed a form of be, with the sense of at, or in. "When the sun was [gone or declined] to rest." Chaucer.

3. In a very general way, and with innumerable varieties of application, to connects transitive verbs with their remoter or indirect object, and adjectives, nouns, and neuter or passive verbs with a following noun which limits their action. Its sphere verges upon that of for, but it contains less the idea of design or appropriation; as, these remarks were addressed to a large audience; let us keep this seat to ourselves; a substance sweet to the taste; an event painful to the mind; duty to God and to our parents; a dislike to spirituous liquor.

Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter.
B. Jonson.

Whilst they, distilled
Almost to jelly with the act of fear,
Stand dumb and speak not to him.
Shak.

Add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; and to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness; and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity.
2 Pet. i. 5,6,7.

I have a king's oath to the contrary.
Shak.

Numbers were crowded to death.
Clarendon.

Fate and the dooming gods are deaf to tears.
Dryden.

Go, buckle to the law.
Dryden.

4. As sign of the infinitive, to had originally the use of last defined, governing the infinitive as a verbal noun, and connecting it as indirect object with a preceding verb or adjective; thus, ready to go, i.e., ready unto going; good to eat, i.e., good for eating; I do my utmost to lead my life pleasantly. But it has come to be the almost constant prefix to the infinitive, even in situations where it has no prepositional meaning, as where the infinitive is direct object or subject; thus, I love to learn, i.e., I love learning; to die for one's country is noble, i.e., the dying for one's country. Where the infinitive denotes the design or purpose, good usage formerly allowed the prefixing of for to the to; as, what went ye out for see? (Matt. xi. 8).

Then longen folk to go on pilgrimages,
And palmers for to seeken strange stranders.
Chaucer.

Such usage is now obsolete or illiterate. In colloquial usage, to often stands for, and supplies, an infinitive already mentioned; thus, he commands me to go with him, but I do not wish to.

5. In many phrases, and in connection with many other words, to has a pregnant meaning, or is used elliptically. Thus, it denotes or implies: (a) Extent; limit; degree of comprehension; inclusion as far as; as, they met us to the number of three hundred.

We ready are to try our fortunes
To the last man.
Shak.

Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten.
Quant. Rev.

(b) Effect; end; consequence; as, the prince was flattered to his ruin; he engaged in a war to his cost; violent factions exist to the prejudice of the state. (c) Apposition; connection; antithesis; opposition; as, they engaged hand to hand.

Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face.
1 Cor. xiii. 12.

(d) Accord; adaptation; as, an occupation to his taste; she has a husband to her mind.

He to God's image, she to his was made.
Dryden.

(e) Comparison; as, three is to nine as nine is to twenty-seven; it is ten to one that you will offend him.

All that they did was piety to this.
B. Jonson.

(f) Addition; union; accumulation.

Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage.
Denham.

(g) Accompaniment; as, she sang to his guitar; they danced to the music of a piano.

Anon they move
In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood
Of flutes and soft recorders.
Milton.

(h) Character; condition of being; purpose subserved or office filled. [In this sense archaic] "I have a king here to my flatterer." Shak.

Made his masters and others . . . to consider him to a little wonder.
Walton.

&fist; To in to-day, to-night, and to-morrow has the sense or force of for or on; for, or on, (this) day, for, or on, (this) night, for, or on, (the) morrow. To-day, to-night, to- morrow may be considered as compounds, and usually as adverbs; but they are sometimes used as nouns; as, to-day is ours.

To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to- morrow;
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day.
Shak.

To and again, to and fro. [R.] -- To and fro, forward and back. In this phrase, to is adverbial.

There was great showing both to and fro.
Chaucer.

-- To-and-fro, a pacing backward and forward; as, to commence a to-and-fro. Tennyson. -- To the face, in front of; in behind; hence, in the presence of. -- To wit, to know; namely. See Wit, v. i.

&fist; To, without an object expressed, is used adverbially; as, put to the door, i. e., put the door to its frame, close it; and in the nautical expressions, to heave to, to come to, meaning to a certain position. To, like on, is sometimes used as a command, forward, set to. "To, Achilles! to, Ajax! to!" Shak.

Toad (?), n. [OE. tode, tade, AS. tādie, tādige; of unknown origin. Cf. Tadpole.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of batrachians belonging to the genus Bufo and allied genera, especially those of the family Bufonidæ. Toads are generally terrestrial in their habits except during the breeding season, when they seek the water. Most of the species burrow beneath the earth in the daytime and come forth to feed on insects at night. Most toads have a rough, warty skin in which are glands that secrete an acrid fluid.

&fist; The common toad (Bufo vulgaris) and the natterjack are familiar European species. The common American toad (B. lentiginosus) is similar to the European toad, but is less warty and is more active, moving chiefly by leaping.

Obstetrical toad. (Zoöl.) See under Obstetrical. -- Surinam toad. (Zoöl.) See Pita. -- Toad lizard (Zoöl.), a horned toad. -- Toad pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant (Equisetum limosum) growing in muddy places. Dr. Prior. -- Toad rush (Bot.), a low-growing kind of rush (Juncus bufonius). -- Toad snatcher (Zoöl.), the reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.] -- Toad spittle. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo. -- Tree toad. (Zoöl.) See under Tree.

Toad"eat`er (?), n. [Said to be so called in allusion to an old alleged practice among mountebanks' boys of eating toads (popularly supposed to be poisonous), in order that their masters might have an opportunity of pretending to effect a cure. The French equivalent expression is un avaleur de couleuvres. Cf. Toady.] A fawning, obsequious parasite; a mean sycophant; a flatterer; a toady. V. Knox.

You had nearly imposed upon me, but you have lost your labor. You're too zealous a toadeater, and betray yourself.
Dickens.

Toad"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any marine fish of the genus Batrachus, having a large, thick head and a wide mouth, and bearing some resemblance to a toad. The American species (Batrachus tau) is very common in shallow water. Called also oyster fish, and sapo. (b) The angler. (c) A swellfish.

Toad"flax` (?), n. (Bot.) An herb (Linaria vulgaris) of the Figwort family, having narrow leaves and showy orange and yellow flowers; -- called also butter and eggs, flaxweed, and ramsted.

Toad"head` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The golden plover. [Local, U. S.]

Toad"ish, a. Like a toad. [Obs.] A. Stafford.

Toad"let (?), n. A small toad. [R.] Coleridge.

Toad"stone` (?), n. 1. (Min.) A local name for the igneous rocks of Derbyshire, England; -- said by some to be derived from the German todter stein, meaning dead stone, that is, stone which contains no ores.

2. Bufonite, formerly regarded as a precious stone, and worn as a jewel. See Bufonite.

Toad"stool` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to many umbrella-shaped fungi, mostly of the genus Agaricus. The species are almost numberless. They grow on decaying organic matter.

Toad"y (?), n.; pl. Toadies (#). [Shortened from toadeater.] 1. A mean flatterer; a toadeater; a sycophant.

Before I had been standing at the window five minutes, they somehow conveyed to me that they were all toadies and humbugs.
Dickens.

2. A coarse, rustic woman. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Toad"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toadied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toadying.] To fawn upon with mean sycophancy.

Toad"y*ism (?), n. The practice of meanly fawning on another; base sycophancy; servile adulation.

Toast (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toasted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toasting.] [OF. toster to roast, toast, fr. L. torrere, tostum, to parch, roast. See Torrid.] 1. To dry and brown by the heat of a fire; as, to toast bread.

2. To warm thoroughly; as, to toast the feet.

3. To name when a health is proposed to be drunk; to drink to the health, or in honor, of; as, to toast a lady.

Toast, n. [OF. toste, or tostée, toasted bread. See Toast, v.] 1. Bread dried and browned before a fire, usually in slices; also, a kind of food prepared by putting slices of toasted bread into milk, gravy, etc.

My sober evening let the tankard bless,
With toast embrowned, and fragrant nutmeg fraught.
T. Warton.

2. A lady in honor of whom persons or a company are invited to drink; -- so called because toasts were formerly put into the liquor, as a great delicacy.

It now came to the time of Mr. Jones to give a toast . . . who could not refrain from mentioning his dear Sophia.
Fielding.

3. Hence, any person, especially a person of distinction, in honor of whom a health is drunk; hence, also, anything so commemorated; a sentiment, as "The land we live in," "The day we celebrate," etc.

Toast rack, a small rack or stand for a table, having partitions for holding slices of dry toast.

Toast"er (?), n. 1. One who toasts.

2. A kitchen utensil for toasting bread, cheese, etc.

Toast"ing, a. & n. from Toast, v.

Toasting fork, a long-handled fork for toasting bread, cheese, or the like, by the fire.

Toast"mas`ter (?), n. A person who presides at a public dinner or banquet, and announces the toasts.

Toat (?), n. The handle of a joiner's plane. Knight.

To*bac"co (?), n. [Sp. tabaco, fr. the Indian tabaco the tube or pipe in which the Indians or Caribbees smoked this plant. Some derive the word from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, where it was said to be first found by the Spaniards; others from the island of Tobago, one of the Caribbees. But these derivations are very doubtful.] 1. (Bot.) An American plant (Nicotiana Tabacum) of the Nightshade family, much used for smoking and chewing, and as snuff. As a medicine, it is narcotic, emetic, and cathartic. Tobacco has a strong, peculiar smell, and an acrid taste.

&fist; The name is extended to other species of the genus, and to some unrelated plants, as Indian tobacco (Nicotiana rustica, and also Lobelia inflata), mountain tobacco (Arnica montana), and Shiraz tobacco (Nicotiana Persica).

2. The leaves of the plant prepared for smoking, chewing, etc., by being dried, cured, and manufactured in various ways.

Tobacco box (Zoöl.), the common American skate. -- Tobacco camphor. (Chem.) See Nicotianine. -- Tobacco man, a tobacconist. [R.] -- Tobacco pipe. (a) A pipe used for smoking, made of baked clay, wood, or other material. (b) (Bot.) Same as Indian pipe, under Indian. -- Tobacco-pipe clay (Min.), a species of clay used in making tobacco pipes; -- called also cimolite. -- Tobacco-pipe fish. (Zoöl.) See Pipemouth. -- Tobacco stopper, a small plug for pressing down the tobacco in a pipe as it is smoked. -- Tobacco worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, or Phlegethontius, Carolina). It is dark green, with seven oblique white stripes bordered above with dark brown on each side of the body. It feeds upon the leaves of tobacco and tomato plants, and is often very injurious to the tobacco crop. See Illust. of Hawk moth.

To*bac"co*ning (?), n. Smoking tobacco. [Obs.] "Tobacconing is but a smoky play." [Obs.] Sylvester.

To*bac"co*nist (?), n. 1. A dealer in tobacco; also, a manufacturer of tobacco.

2. A smoker of tobacco. [Obs.] Sylvester.

To-beat" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + beat.] To beat thoroughly or severely. [Obs.] Layamon.

To*bi"as fish` (?). [See the Note under Asmodeus, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.] (Zoöl.) The lant, or sand eel.

To"bine (?), n. [Cf. G. tobin, D. tabijn. See Tabby.] A stout twilled silk used for dresses.

To"bit (?), n. A book of the Apocrypha.

To*bog"gan (?), n. [Corruption of American Indian odabagan a sled.] A kind of sledge made of pliable board, turned up at one or both ends, used for coasting down hills or prepared inclined planes; also, a sleigh or sledge, to be drawn by dogs, or by hand, over soft and deep snow. [Written also tobogan, and tarbogan.]

To*bog"gan (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tobogganed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tobogganing.] To slide down hill over the snow or ice on a toboggan. Barilett.

{ To*bog"gan*er (?), To*bog"gan*ist (?), } n. One who practices tobogganing.

To-break" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + break.] To break completely; to break in pieces. [Obs.]

With nose and mouth to-broke.
Chaucer.

To-brest" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + brest.] To burst or break in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Toc*ca"ta (?), n. [It., fr. toccare to touch. See Touch.] (Mus.) An old form of piece for the organ or harpsichord, somewhat in the free and brilliant style of the prelude, fantasia, or capriccio.

Toch"er (?), n. [Gael. tochradh.] Dowry brought by a bride to her husband. [Scot.] Burns.

Tock"ay (?), n. (Zoöl.) A spotted lizard native of India.

To"co (?), n. (Zoöl.) A toucan (Ramphastos toco) having a very large beak. See Illust. under Toucan.

To*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a birth + - logy.] The science of obstetrics, or midwifery; that department of medicine which treats of parturition. [Written also tokology.]

||To*co*ro"ro (?), n. [Probably from the native name through the Spanish: cf. Sp. tocororo.] (Zoöl.) A cuban trogon (Priotelus temnurus) having a serrated bill and a tail concave at the end.

Toc"sin (?), n. [F., fr. OF. toquier to touch, F. toquer (originally, a dialectic form of F. toucher) + seint (for sein) a bell, LL. signum, fr. L. signum a sign, signal. See Touch, and Sign.] An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell for the purpose of alarm.

The loud tocsin tolled their last alarm.
Campbell.

Tod (t&obreve;d), n. [Akin to D. todde a rag, G. zotte shag, rag, a tuft of hair, Icel. toddi a piece of a thing, a tod of wool.] 1. A bush; a thick shrub; a bushy clump. [R.] "An ivy todde." Spenser.

The ivy tod is heavy with snow.
Coleridge.

2. An old weight used in weighing wool, being usually twenty-eight pounds.

3. A fox; -- probably so named from its bushy tail.

The wolf, the tod, the brock.
B. Jonson.

Tod stove, a close stove adapted for burning small round wood, twigs, etc. [U. S.] Knight.

Tod, v. t. & i. To weigh; to yield in tods. [Obs.]

To-day" (?), adv. [AS. tō dæg. See To, prep., and Day.] On this day; on the present day.

Worcester's horse came but to-day.
Shak.

To-day", n. The present day.

On to-day
Is worth for me a thousand yesterdays.
Longfellow.

Tod"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toddling (?).] [Akin to tottle, totter.] To walk with short, tottering steps, as a child.

Tod"dle, n. A toddling walk. Trollope.

Tod"dler (?), n. One who toddles; especially, a young child. Mrs. Gaskell.

Tod"dy (?), n. [Formed from Hind. tā&?;ī the juice of the palmyra tree, popularly, toddy, fr. tā&?; the palmyra tree, Skr. tāla.] 1. A juice drawn from various kinds of palms in the East Indies; or, a spirituous liquor procured from it by fermentation.

2. A mixture of spirit and hot water sweetened.

&fist; Toddy differs from grog in having a less proportion of spirit, and is being made hot and sweetened.

Toddy bird (Zoöl.), a weaver bird of the East Indies and India: -- so called from its fondness for the juice of the palm. -- Toddy cat (Zoöl.), the common paradoxure; the palm cat.

To-do" (?), n. [To + do. Cf. Ado.] Bustle; stir; commotion; ado. [Colloq.]

To"dy (?), n.; pl. Todies (#). [Cf. NL. todus, F. todier, G. todvogel.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small insectivorous West Indian birds of the genus Todus. They are allied to the kingfishers.

Toe (?), n. [OE. too, taa, AS. tā; akin to D. teen, G. zehe, OHG. zēha, Icel. tā, Sw. tå, Dan. taa; of uncertain origin. √60.] 1. (Anat.) One of the terminal members, or digits, of the foot of a man or an animal. "Each one, tripping on his toe." Shak.

2. (Zoöl.) The fore part of the hoof or foot of an animal.

3. Anything, or any part, corresponding to the toe of the foot; as, the toe of a boot; the toe of a skate.

4. (Mach.) (a) The journal, or pivot, at the lower end of a revolving shaft or spindle, which rests in a step. (b) A lateral projection at one end, or between the ends, of a piece, as a rod or bolt, by means of which it is moved. (c) A projection from the periphery of a revolving piece, acting as a cam to lift another piece.

Toe biter (Zoöl.), a tadpole; a polliwig. -- Toe drop (Med.), a morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed and the heel elevated, as in talipes equinus. See Talipes.

Toe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toeing.] To touch or reach with the toes; to come fully up to; as, to toe the mark.

Toe, v. i. To hold or carry the toes (in a certain way).

To toe in, to stand or carry the feet in such a way that the toes of either foot incline toward the other. -- To toe out, to have the toes of each foot, in standing or walking, incline from the other foot.

Toed (?), a. 1. Having (such or so many) toes; -- chiefly used in composition; as, narrow- toed, four-toed.

2. (Carp.) Having the end secured by nails driven obliquely, said of a board, plank, or joist serving as a brace, and in general of any part of a frame secured to other parts by diagonal nailing.

To-fall" (?), n. (Arch.) A lean- to. See Lean-to.

{ Tof"fee (?), Tof"fy (?) }, n. Taffy. [Eng.]

{ To*fore" (?), To*forn" (?) }, prep. & adv. [AS. tōforan. See To, prep., Fore.] Before. [Obs.]

Toforn him goeth the loud minstrelsy.
Chaucer.

Would thou wert as thou tofore hast been!
Shak.

Toft (?), n. [OE. toft a knoll; akin to LG. toft a field hedged in, not far from a house, Icel. topt a green knoll, grassy place, place marked out for a house, Dan. toft.] 1. A knoll or hill. [Obs.] "A tower on a toft." Piers Plowman.

2. A grove of trees; also, a plain. [Prov. Eng.]

3. (O. Eng. Law) A place where a messuage has once stood; the site of a burnt or decayed house.

Toft"man (?), n.; pl. Toftmen (&?;). The owner of a toft. See Toft, 3.

||To"fus (?), n. [L., tufa.] 1. Tophus.

2. (Min.) Tufa. See under Tufa, and Toph.

||To"ga (?), n.; pl. E. Togas (#), L. Togæ (#). [L., akin to tegere to cover. See Thatch.] (Rom. Antiq.) The loose outer garment worn by the ancient Romans, consisting of a single broad piece of woolen cloth of a shape approaching a semicircle. It was of undyed wool, except the border of the toga prætexta.

||Toga prætexta. [L.], a toga with a broad purple border, worn by children of both sexes, by magistrates, and by persons engaged in sacred rites. -- ||Toga virilis [L.], the manly gown; the common toga. This was assumed by Roman boys about the time of completing their fourteenth year.

To"ga*ted (?), a. [L. togatus, from toga a toga.] Dressed in a toga or gown; wearing a gown; gowned. [R.] Sir M. Sandys.

To"ged (?), a. Togated. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

To*geth"er (?), adv. [OE. togedere, togidere, AS. tōgædere, tōgædre, tōgadere; tō to + gador together. √29. See To, prep., and Gather.] 1. In company or association with respect to place or time; as, to live together in one house; to live together in the same age; they walked together to the town.

Soldiers can never stand idle long together.
Landor.

2. In or into union; into junction; as, to sew, knit, or fasten two things together; to mix things together.

The king joined humanity and policy together.
Bacon.

3. In concert; with mutual coöperation; as, the allies made war upon France together.

Together with, in union with; in company or mixture with; along with.

Take the bad together with the good.
Dryden.

Tog"ger*y (?), n. [Cf. Togated.] Clothes; garments; dress; as, fishing toggery. [Colloq.]

Tog"gle (?), n. [Cf. Tug.] [Written also toggel.] 1. (Naut.) A wooden pin tapering toward both ends with a groove around its middle, fixed transversely in the eye of a rope to be secured to any other loop or bight or ring; a kind of button or frog capable of being readily engaged and disengaged for temporary purposes.

2. (Mach.) Two rods or plates connected by a toggle joint.

Toggle iron, a harpoon with a pivoted crosspiece in a mortise near the point to prevent it from being drawn out when a whale, shark, or other animal, is harpooned. -- Toggle joint, an elbow or knee joint, consisting of two bars so connected that they may be brought quite or nearly into a straight line, and made to produce great endwise pressure, when any force is applied to bring them into this position.

Toght (?), a. Taut. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ To*gid"er (?), To*gid"res (?) }, adv. Together. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Togue (?), n. [From the American Indian name.] (Zoöl.) The namaycush.

To*hew" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + hew.] To hew in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Toil (?), n. [F. toiles, pl., toils, nets, fr. toile cloth, canvas, spider web, fr. L. tela any woven stuff, a web, fr. texere to weave. See Text, and cf. Toilet.] A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey; -- usually in the plural.

As a Numidian lion, when first caught,
Endures the toil that holds him.
Denham.

Then toils for beasts, and lime for birds, were found.
Dryden.

Toil, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toiling.] [OE. toilen to pull about, to toil; of uncertain origin; cf. OD. teulen, tuylen, to labor, till, or OF. tooillier, toailler, to wash, rub (cf. Towel); or perhaps ultimately from the same root as E. tug.] To exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind, especially of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration; to labor; to work.

Toil, v. t. 1. To weary; to overlabor. [Obs.] "Toiled with works of war." Shak.

2. To labor; to work; -- often with out. [R.]

Places well toiled and husbanded.
Holland.

[I] toiled out my uncouth passage.
Milton.

Toil (?), n. [OE. toil turmoil, struggle; cf. OD. tuyl labor, work. See Toil, v.] Labor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or mind, esp. the body.

My task of servile toil.
Milton.

After such bloody toil, we bid good night.
Shak.

&fist; Toil is used in the formation of compounds which are generally of obvious signification; as, toil-strung, toil- wasted, toil-worn, and the like.

Syn. -- Labor; drudgery; work; exertion; occupation; employment; task; travail. -- Toil, Labor, Drudgery. Labor implies strenuous exertion, but not necessary such as overtasks the faculties; toil denotes a severity of labor which is painful and exhausting; drudgery implies mean and degrading work, or, at least, work which wearies or disgusts from its minuteness or dull uniformity.

You do not know the heavy grievances,
The toils, the labors, weary drudgeries,
Which they impose.
Southern.

How often have I blessed the coming day,
When toil remitting lent its turn to play.
Goldsmith.

Toil"er (?), n. One who toils, or labors painfully.

Toi"let (?), n. [F. toilette, dim. of toile cloth. See Toil a net.] 1. A covering of linen, silk, or tapestry, spread over a table in a chamber or a dressing room.

2. A dressing table. Pope.

3. Act or mode of dressing, or that which is arranged in dressing; attire; dress; as, her toilet is perfect. [Written also toilette.]

Toilet glass, a looking-glass for a toilet table or for a dressing room. -- Toilet service, Toilet set, earthenware, glass, and other utensils for a dressing room. -- Toilet table, a dressing table; a toilet. See def. 2 above. -- To snake one's toilet, to dress one's self; especially, to dress one's self carefully.

Toi*lette" (?), n. [F.] See Toilet, 3.

Toil"ful (?), a. Producing or involving much toil; laborious; toilsome; as, toilful care. Mickle.

Toi`li*nette" (?), n. [F. toilinet. See Toil a net.] A cloth, the weft of which is of woolen yarn, and the warp of cotton and silk, -- used for waistcoats.

Toil"less (?), a. Free from toil.

Toil"some (-sŭm), a. Attended with toil, or fatigue and pain; laborious; wearisome; as, toilsome work.

What can be toilsome in these pleasant walks?
Milton.

-- Toil"some*ly, adv. -- Toil"some*ness, n.

Toise (?), n. [F., fr. LL. tesa, fr. L. tensus, fem. tensa, p. p. of tendere to stretch, extend. See Tense, a.] An old measure of length in France, containing six French feet, or about 6.3946 French feet.

To*kay" (t&osl;*kā"), n. [Named fr. Tokay in Hungary.] 1. (Bot.) A grape of an oval shape and whitish color.

2. A rich Hungarian wine made from Tokay grapes.

To"ken (tō"k'n), n. [OE. token, taken, AS. tācen; akin to OFries. tēken, OS. tēkan, D. teeken, G. zeichen, OHG. Zeihhan, Icel. tākan, teiken, Sw. tecken, Dan. tegn, Goth. taikns sign, token, gateihan to tell, show, AS. teón to accuse, G. zeihen, OHG. zīhan, G. zeigen to show, OHG. zeigōn, Icel. tjā, L. dicere to say, Gr. deikny`nai to show, Skr. diç. Cf. Diction, Teach.] 1. Something intended or supposed to represent or indicate another thing or an event; a sign; a symbol; as, the rainbow is a token of God's covenant established with Noah.

2. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind; a memento; a souvenir.

This is some token from a never friend.
Shak.

3. Something given or shown as a symbol or guarantee of authority or right; a sign of authenticity, of power, good faith, etc.

Say, by this token, I desire his company.
Shak.

4. A piece of metal intended for currency, and issued by a private party, usually bearing the name of the issuer, and redeemable in lawful money. Also, a coin issued by government, esp. when its use as lawful money is limited and its intrinsic value is much below its nominal value.

&fist; It is now made unlawful for private persons to issue tokens.

5. (Med.) A livid spot upon the body, indicating, or supposed to indicate, the approach of death. [Obs.]

Like the fearful tokens of the plague,
Are mere forerunners of their ends.
Beau. & Fl.

6. (Print.) Ten and a half quires, or, commonly, 250 sheets, of paper printed on both sides; also, in some cases, the same number of sheets printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides.

7. (Ch. of Scot.) A piece of metal given beforehand to each person in the congregation who is permitted to partake of the Lord's Supper.

8. (Mining) A bit of leather having a peculiar mark designating a particular miner. Each hewer sends one of these with each corf or tub he has hewn.

Token money, money which is lawfully current for more than its real value. See Token, n., 4. - - Token sheet (Print.), the last sheet of each token. W. Savage.

To"ken, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tokened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tokening.] [AS. tācnian, fr. tācen token. See Token, n.] To betoken. [Obs.] Shak.

To"kened (?), a. Marked by tokens, or spots; as, the tokened pestilence. [Obs.] Shak.

To"ken*less (?), a. Without a token.

Tok"in (?), n. A tocsin. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Tol (tōl), v. t. (Law) To take away. See Toll.

||To"la (?), n. [Hind., from Skr. tulā a balance.] A weight of British India. The standard tola is equal to 180 grains.

To*lane" (?), n. [From Toluene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C14H10, related both to the acetylene and the aromatic series, and produced artificially as a white crystalline substance; -- called also diphenyl acetylene.

Tol"booth` (?), n. See Tollbooth.

Told (tōld), imp. & p. p. of Tell.

Tole (tōl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toling.] [OE. tollen to draw, to entice; of uncertain origin. Cf. Toll to ring a bell.] To draw, or cause to follow, by displaying something pleasing or desirable; to allure by some bait. [Written also toll.]

Whatever you observe him to be more frighted at then he should, tole him on to by insensible degrees, till at last he masters the difficulty.

To*le"do (?), n. A sword or sword blade made at Toledo in Spain, which city was famous in the 16th and 17th centuries for the excellence of its weapons.

Tol`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tolerable. [R.] Fuller. Wordsworth.

Tol"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. tolerabilis: cf. F. tolérable. See Tolerate.] 1. Capable of being borne or endured; supportable, either physically or mentally.

As may affect the earth with cold and heat
Scarce tolerable.
Milton.

2. Moderately good or agreeable; not contemptible; not very excellent or pleasing, but such as can be borne or received without disgust, resentment, or opposition; passable; as, a tolerable administration; a tolerable entertainment; a tolerable translation. Dryden.

-- Tol"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- Tol"er*a*bly, adv.

Tol"er*ance (?), n. [L. tolerantia: cf. F. tolérance.] 1. The power or capacity of enduring; the act of enduring; endurance.

Diogenes, one frosty morning, came into the market place, shaking, to show his tolerance.
Bacon.

2. The endurance of the presence or actions of objectionable persons, or of the expression of offensive opinions; toleration.

3. (Med.) The power possessed or acquired by some persons of bearing doses of medicine which in ordinary cases would prove injurious or fatal.

Tolerance of the mint. (Coinage) Same as Remedy of the mint. See under Remedy.

Tol"er*ant (?), a. [L. tolerans, p. pr. of tolerare to tolerate: cf. F. tolérant. See Tolerate.] Inclined to tolerate; favoring toleration; forbearing; indulgent.

Tol"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tolerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tolerating.] [L. toleratus, p. p. of tolerare, fr. the same root as tollere to lift up, tuli, used as perfect of ferre to bear, latus (for tlatus), used as p. p. of ferre to bear, and E. thole. See Thole, and cf. Atlas, Collation, Delay, Elate, Extol, Legislate, Oblate, Prelate, Relate, Superlative, Talent, Toll to take away, Translate.] To suffer to be, or to be done, without prohibition or hindrance; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing; not to restrain; to put up with; as, to tolerate doubtful practices.

Crying should not be tolerated in children.
Locke.

We tolerate them because property and liberty, to a degree, require that toleration.
Burke.

Syn. -- See Permit.

Tol`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. toleratio: cf. OF. toleration.] 1. The act of tolerating; the allowance of that which is not wholly approved.

2. Specifically, the allowance of religious opinions and modes of worship in a state when contrary to, or different from, those of the established church or belief.

3. Hence, freedom from bigotry and severity in judgment of the opinions or belief of others, especially in respect to religious matters.

Toll (?), v. t. [L. tollere. See Tolerate.] (O. Eng. Law) To take away; to vacate; to annul.

Toll, v. t. [See Tole.] 1. To draw; to entice; to allure. See Tole.

2. [Probably the same word as toll to draw, and at first meaning, to ring in order to draw people to church.] To cause to sound, as a bell, with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated; as, to toll the funeral bell. "The sexton tolled the bell." Hood.

3. To strike, or to indicate by striking, as the hour; to ring a toll for; as, to toll a departed friend. Shak.

Slow tolls the village clock the drowsy hour.
Beattie.

4. To call, summon, or notify, by tolling or ringing.

When hollow murmurs of their evening bells
Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells.
Dryden.

Toll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tolling.] To sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person.

The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll.
Shak.

Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell.
Pope.

Toll, n. The sound of a bell produced by strokes slowly and uniformly repeated.

Toll (?), n. [OE. tol, AS. toll; akin to OS. & D. tol, G. zoll, OHG. zol, Icel. tollr, Sw. tull, Dan. told, and also to E. tale; -- originally, that which is counted out in payment. See Tale number.] 1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, or the like.

2. (Sax. & O. Eng. Law) A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.

3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding.

Toll and team (O. Eng. Law), the privilege of having a market, and jurisdiction of villeins. Burrill. -- Toll bar, a bar or beam used on a canal for stopping boats at the tollhouse, or on a road for stopping passengers. -- Toll bridge, a bridge where toll is paid for passing over it. -- Toll corn, corn taken as pay for grinding at a mill. -- Toll dish, a dish for measuring toll in mills. -- Toll gatherer, a man who takes, or gathers, toll. -- Toll hop, a toll dish. [Obs.] Crabb. -- Toll thorough (Eng. Law), toll taken by a town for beasts driven through it, or over a bridge or ferry maintained at its cost. Brande & C. -- Toll traverse (Eng. Law), toll taken by an individual for beasts driven across his ground; toll paid by a person for passing over the private ground, bridge, ferry, or the like, of another. -- Toll turn (Eng. Law), a toll paid at the return of beasts from market, though they were not sold. Burrill.

Syn. -- Tax; custom; duty; impost.

Toll (?), v. i. 1. To pay toll or tallage. [R.] Shak.

2. To take toll; to raise a tax. [R.]

Well could he [the miller] steal corn and toll thrice.
Chaucer.

No Italian priest
Shall tithe or toll in our dominions.
Shak.

Toll, v. t. To collect, as a toll. Shak.

Toll"a*ble (?), a. Subject to the payment of toll; as, tollable goods. Wright.

Toll"age (?), n. Payment of toll; also, the amount or quantity paid as toll. Drayton.

Toll"booth` (?), n. [Toll a tax + booth.] [Written also tolbooth.] 1. A place where goods are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. [Obs.]

He saw Levy . . . sitting at the tollbooth.
Wyclif (Mark ii. 14).

2. In Scotland, a burgh jail; hence, any prison, especially a town jail. Sir W. Scott.

Toll"booth`, v. t. To imprison in a tollbooth. [R.]

That they might tollbooth Oxford men.
Bp. Corbet.

Toll"er (?), n. [AS. tollere.] A toll gatherer. "Tollers in markets." Piers Plowman.

Toll"er, n. One who tolls a bell.

Tol"le*tane (?), a. [L. Toletanus.] Of or pertaining to Toledo in Spain; made in Toledo. [Obs.] "Tables Tolletanes." Chaucer.

Toll"gate` (?), n. A gate where toll is taken.

Toll"house` (?), n.; pl. Tollhouses (&?;). A house occupied by a receiver of tolls.

Toll"man (?), n.; pl. Tollmen (&?;). One who receives or collects toll; a toll gatherer. Cowper.

Tol"men (?), n. See Dolmen.

Tol"ses*ter (?), n. [LL. tolsestrum. Cf. Toll a tax.] (O. Eng. Law) A toll or tribute of a sextary of ale, paid to the lords of some manors by their tenants, for liberty to brew and sell ale. Cowell.

Tol"sey (?), n. A tollbooth; also, a merchants' meeting place, or exchange. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Tolt (?), n. [LL. tolta, fr. L. tollere to take away.] (O. Eng. Law) A writ by which a cause pending in a court baron was removed into a country court. Cowell.

Tol"tec (?), n. (Ethnol.) One of a race which formerly occupied Mexico. -- Tol"te*can (#), a.

To*lu" (?), n. A fragrant balsam said to have been first brought from Santiago de Tolu, in New Granada. See Balsam of Tolu, under Balsam.

Tolu tree (Bot.), a large tree (Myroxylon toluiferum), the wood of which is red in the center, and has an aromatic rose odor. It affords the balsam called tolu.

Tol"u*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of any one of the toluic acids.

Tol"u*ene (?), n. [Tolu + benzene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless liquid, by distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; -- called also methyl benzene, phenyl methane, etc.

Tol`u*e"nyl (?), n. [Toluene + - yl.] (Chem.) Tolyl. [Obs.]

To*lu"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of three metameric acids, CH3.C6H4.CO2H, which are related to toluene and analogous to benzoic acids. They are white crystalline substances, and are called respectively orthotoluic acid, metatoluic acid, and paratoluic acid.

Tol"u*id (?), n. (Chem.) A complex double tolyl and toluidine derivative of glycocoll, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

To*lu"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of three metameric amido derivatives of toluene analogous to aniline, and called respectively orthtoluidine, metatoluidine, and paratoluidine; especially, the commonest one, or paratoluidine, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance.

&fist; It is used in the aniline dye industry, and constitutes the essential nucleus or radical of those dyes.

{ Tol"u*ol, Tol"u*ole} (?), n. [Tolu + benzol.] (Chem.) Same as Toluene.

To*lu"ric (?), a. [Toluic + uric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of three isomeric crystalline acids, C9H10ON.CO2H, which are toluyl derivatives of glycocoll.

Tol`u*ta"tion (?), n. [L. tolutim on a trot, properly, lifting up the feet, akin to tollere to lift up.] A pacing or ambling. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tol"u*yl (?), n. [Toluic + - yl.] (Chem.) Any one of the three hypothetical radicals corresponding to the three toluic acids.

Tol"u*yl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) (a) Same as Stilbene. (b) Sometimes, but less properly, tolylene.

Tol"yl (?), n. [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C6H4, regarded as characteristic of certain compounds of the aromatic series related to toluene; as, tolyl carbinol.

Tol"yl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical, C6H4.(CH2)2, regarded as characteristic of certain toluene derivatives.

Tol`y*peu"tine (?), n. (Zoöl.) The apar.

Tom (?), n. The knave of trumps at gleek. [Obs.]

Tom"a*hawk (?), n. [Of American Indian origin; cf. Algonkin tomehagen, Mohegan tumnahegan, Delaware tamoihecan.] A kind of war hatchet used by the American Indians. It was originally made of stone, but afterwards of iron.

Tom"a*hawk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tomahawked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tomahawking.] To cut, strike, or kill, with a tomahawk.

Tom"a`ley (?), n. The liver of the lobster, which becomes green when boiled; -- called also tomalline.

||To*man" (?), n. [Per. tōmān; from a Mongol word signifying, ten thousand.] A money of account in Persia, whose value varies greatly at different times and places. Its average value may be reckoned at about two and a half dollars.

To*ma"to (?), n.; pl. Tomatoes (#). [Sp. or Pg. tomate, of American Indian origin; cf. Mexican tomail.] (Bot.) The fruit of a plant of the Nightshade family (Lycopersicum esculentun); also, the plant itself. The fruit, which is called also love apple, is usually of a rounded, flattened form, but often irregular in shape. It is of a bright red or yellow color, and is eaten either cooked or uncooked.

Tomato gall (Zoöl.), a large gall consisting of a mass of irregular swellings on the stems and leaves of grapevines. They are yellowish green, somewhat tinged with red, and produced by the larva of a small two-winged fly (Lasioptera vitis). -- Tomato sphinx (Zoöl.), the adult or imago of the tomato worm. It closely resembles the tobacco hawk moth. Called also tomato hawk moth. See Illust. of Hawk moth. -- Tomato worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, or Macrosila, quinquemaculata) which feeds upon the leaves of the tomato and potato plants, often doing considerable damage. Called also potato worm.

Tomb (?), n. [OE. tombe, toumbe, F. tombe, LL. tumba, fr. Gr. &?; a tomb, grave; perhaps akin to L. tumulus a mound. Cf. Tumulus.] 1. A pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited; a grave; a sepulcher.

As one dead in the bottom of a tomb.
Shak.

2. A house or vault, formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls and a roof, for the reception of the dead. "In tomb of marble stones." Chaucer.

3. A monument erected to inclose the body and preserve the name and memory of the dead.

Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb.
Shak.

Tomb bat (Zoöl.), any one of species of Old World bats of the genus Taphozous which inhabit tombs, especially the Egyptian species (T. perforatus).

Tomb,, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tombed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tombing.] To place in a tomb; to bury; to inter; to entomb.

I tombed my brother that I might be blessed.
Chapman.

Tom"bac (?), n. [Pg. tambaca,tambaque, fr. Malay tambāga copper; cf. Skr. tāmraka; cf. F. tombac.] (Metal.) An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling brass, and containing about 84 per cent of copper; -- called also German, or Dutch, brass. It is very malleable and ductile, and when beaten into thin leaves is sometimes called Dutch metal. The addition of arsenic makes white tombac. [Written also tombak, and tambac.]

Tom"bes*ter (?), n. [See Tumble, and -ster.] A female dancer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tomb"less (?), a. Destitute of a tomb.

Tom"boy` (?), n. [Tom (for Thomas, L. Thomas, fr. Gr. &?; )+ boy.] A romping girl; a hoiden. [Colloq.] J. Fletcher.

Tomb"stone` (?), n. A stone erected over a grave, to preserve the memory of the deceased.

Tom"cat` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + cat.] A male cat, especially when full grown or of large size.

Tom"cod` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + cod: cf. F. tacaud whiting pout, American Indian tacaud, literally, plenty fish.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small edible American fish (Microgadus tomcod) of the Codfish family, very abundant in autumn on the Atlantic coast of the Northen United States; -- called also frostfish. See Illust. under Frostfish. (b) The kingfish. See Kingfish (a). (c) The jack. See 2d Jack, 8. (c).

Tome (?), n. [F. tome (cf. It., Sp., & Pg. tomo), L. tomus, fr. Gr. &?; a piece cut off, a part of a book, a volume, akin to &?; to cup, and perhaps to L. tondere to shear, E. tonsure. Cf. Anatomy, Atom, Entomology, Epitome. ] As many writings as are bound in a volume, forming part of a larger work; a book; -- usually applied to a ponderous volume.

Tomes of fable and of dream.
Cowper.

A more childish expedient than that to which he now resorted is not to be found in all the tomes of the casuists.
Macaulay.

Tome"let (?), n. All small tome, or volume. [R.]

To"men*tose` (?), a. [L. tomentum a stuffing of wool, hair, or feathers: cf. F. tomenteux.] (Bot. & Zoöl.) Covered with matted woolly hairs; as, a tomentose leaf; a tomentose leaf; a tomentose membrane.

To*men"tous (?), a. Tomentose.

||To*men"tum (?), n.; pl. Tomenta (#). [L. See Tomentose. ] (Bot.) The closely matted hair or downy nap covering the leaves or stems of some plants.

Tom"fool` (t&obreve;m"f&oomac;l`), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + fool.] A great fool; a trifler.

Tom`fool"er*y (?), n. Folly; trifling.

||To"mi*um (tō"m&ibreve;*ŭm), n.; pl. Tomia (-&adot;) [NL., fr. Gr. te`mnein to cut.] (Zoöl.) The cutting edge of the bill of a bird.

Tom"john` (?), n. [Probably of East Indian origin.] A kind of open sedan used in Ceylon, carried by a single pole on men's shoulders.

Tom"my (?), n. 1. Bread, -- generally a penny roll; the supply of food carried by workmen as their daily allowance. [Slang, Eng.]

2. A truck, or barter; the exchange of labor for goods, not money. [Slang, Eng.]

&fist; Tommy is used adjectively or in compounds; as, tommy master, tommy-store, tommy-shop, etc.

Tom"nod`dy (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + noddy.] 1. (Zoöl.) A sea bird, the puffin. [Prov.Eng.]

2. A fool; a dunce; a noddy.

||To*mop"te*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. to`mos a cut + ptero`n wing (but taken to mean, fin).] (Zoöl.) A genus of transparent marine annelids which swim actively at the surface of the sea. They have deeply divided or forked finlike organs (parapodia). This genus is the type of the order, or suborder, Gymnocopa.

To*morn" (?), adv. [Prep. to + morn.] To-morrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

To*mor"row (?), adv. [Prep. to + morrow.] On the day after the present day; on the next day; on the morrow.

Summon him to-morrow to the Tower.
Shak.

To*mor"row (?), n. The day after the present; the morrow."To-morrow is our wedding day." Cowper.

One today is worth two to-morrows.
Franklin.

Tom"pi*on (?), n. [See Tampios] 1. A stopper of a cannon or a musket. See Tampion.

2. (Mus.) A plug in a flute or an organ pipe, to modulate the tone. Knight.

3. The iron bottom to which grapeshot are fixed.

Tom"pon (?), n. [F. tampon. See Tampion.] An inking pad used in lithographic printing.

Tom"rig` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + rig.)] A rude, wild, wanton girl; a hoiden; a tomboy. Dennis.

Tom"tit` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + tit the bird.] (Zoöl.) (a) A titmouse, esp. the blue titmouse. [Prov.eng.] (b) The wren. [Prov.eng.]

Tom"-tom` (t&obreve;m"t&obreve;m`), n. See Tam-tam.

Ton (t&obreve;n), obs. pl. of Toe. Chaucer.

Ton (tŭn), n. [Cf. Tunny.] (Zoöl.) The common tunny, or horse mackerel.

||Ton (tôn), n. [F. See Tone.] The prevailing fashion or mode; vogue; as, things of ton. Byron.

If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish.
Thackeray.

Bon ton. See in the Vocabulary.

Ton (tŭn), n. [OE. tonne, tunne, a tun, AS. tunne a tun, tub, a large vessel; akin to G. & F. tonne a ton, tun, LL. tunna a tun; all perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. tunna a tun. Cf. Tun,Tunnel.] (Com.) A measure of weight or quantity. Specifically: --

(a) The weight of twenty hundredweight.

&fist; In England, the ton is 2,240 pounds. In the United States the ton is commonly estimated at 2,000 pounds, this being sometimes called the short ton, while that of 2,240 pounds is called the long ton.

(b) (Naut. & Com.) Forty cubic feet of space, being the unit of measurement of the burden, or carrying capacity, of a vessel; as a vessel of 300 tons burden. See the Note under Tonnage.

(c) (Naut. & Com.) A certain weight or quantity of merchandise, with reference to transportation as freight; as, six hundred weight of ship bread in casks, seven hundred weight in bags, eight hundred weight in bulk; ten bushels of potatoes; eight sacks, or ten barrels, of flour; forty cubic feet of rough, or fifty cubic feet of hewn, timber, etc.

&fist; Ton and tun have the same etymology, and were formerly used interchangeably; but now ton generally designates the weight, and tun the cask. See Tun.

To*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. tonalité.] (Mus.) The principle of key in music; the character which a composition has by virtue of the key in which it is written, or through the family relationship of all its tones and chords to the keynote, or tonic, of the whole.

The predominance of the tonic as the link which connects all the tones of a piece, we may, with Fétis, term the principle of tonality.
Helmholtz.

To"-name` (t&oomac;"nām`), n. [prep. to + name.] A name added, for the sake of distinction, to one's surname, or used instead of it. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Ton"ca bean` (?). (Bot.) See Tonka bean.

Tone (tōn), n. [F. ton, L. tonus a sound, tone, fr. Gr. to`nos a stretching, straining, raising of the voice, pitch, accent, measure or meter, in pl., modes or keys differing in pitch; akin to tei`nein to stretch or strain. See Thin, and cf. Monotonous, Thunder, Ton fashion, Tune.] 1. Sound, or the character of a sound, or a sound considered as of this or that character; as, a low, high, loud, grave, acute, sweet, or harsh tone.

[Harmony divine] smooths her charming tones.
Milton.

Tones that with seraph hymns might blend.
Keble.

2. (Rhet.) Accent, or inflection or modulation of the voice, as adapted to express emotion or passion.

Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes.
Dryden.

3. A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm ahd a regular rise and fall of the voice; as, children often read with a tone.

4. (Mus.) (a) A sound considered as to pitch; as, the seven tones of the octave; she has good high tones. (b) The larger kind of interval between contiguous sounds in the diatonic scale, the smaller being called a semitone as, a whole tone too flat; raise it a tone. (c) The peculiar quality of sound in any voice or instrument; as, a rich tone, a reedy tone. (d) A mode or tune or plain chant; as, the Gregorian tones.

&fist; The use of the word tone, both for a sound and for the interval between two sounds or tones, is confusing, but is common -- almost universal.

&fist; Nearly every musical sound is composite, consisting of several simultaneous tones having different rates of vibration according to fixed laws, which depend upon the nature of the vibrating body and the mode of excitation. The components (of a composite sound) are called partial tones; that one having the lowest rate of vibration is the fundamental tone, and the other partial tones are called harmonics, or overtones. The vibration ratios of the partial tones composing any sound are expressed by all, or by a part, of the numbers in the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; and the quality of any sound (the tone color) is due in part to the presence or absence of overtones as represented in this series, and in part to the greater or less intensity of those present as compared with the fundamental tone and with one another. Resultant tones, combination tones, summation tones, difference tones, Tartini's tones (terms only in part synonymous) are produced by the simultaneous sounding of two or more primary (simple or composite) tones.

5. (Med.) That state of a body, or of any of its organs or parts, in which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor.

&fist; In this sense, the word is metaphorically applied to character or faculties, intellectual and moral; as, his mind has lost its tone.

6. (Physiol.) Tonicity; as, arterial tone.

7. State of mind; temper; mood.

The strange situation I am in and the melancholy state of public affairs, . . . drag the mind down . . . from a philosophical tone or temper, to the drudgery of private and public business.
Bolingbroke.

Their tone was dissatisfied, almost menacing.
W. C. Bryant.

8. Tenor; character; spirit; drift; as, the tone of his remarks was commendatory.

9. General or prevailing character or style, as of morals, manners, or sentiment, in reference to a scale of high and low; as, a low tone of morals; a tone of elevated sentiment; a courtly tone of manners.

10. The general effect of a picture produced by the combination of light and shade, together with color in the case of a painting; -- commonly used in a favorable sense; as, this picture has tone.

Tone color. (Mus.) see the Note under def. 4, above. -- Tone syllable, an accented syllable. M. Stuart.

Tone (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toning.] 1. To utter with an affected tone.

2. To give tone, or a particular tone, to; to tune. See Tune, v. t.

3. (Photog.) To bring, as a print, to a certain required shade of color, as by chemical treatment.

To tone down. (a) To cause to give lower tone or sound; to give a lower tone to. (b) (Paint.) To modify, as color, by making it less brilliant or less crude; to modify, as a composition of color, by making it more harmonius.

Its thousand hues toned down harmoniusly.
C. Kingsley.

(c) Fig.: To moderate or relax; to diminish or weaken the striking characteristics of; to soften.

The best method for the purpose in hand was to employ some one of a character and position suited to get possession of their confidence, and then use it to tone down their religious strictures.
Palfrey.

-- To tone up, to cause to give a higher tone or sound; to give a higher tone to; to make more intense; to heighten; to strengthen.

Toned (?), a. Having (such) a tone; -- chiefly used in composition; as, high-toned; sweet- toned.

Toned paper, paper having a slight tint, in distinction from paper which is quite white.

Tone"less (?), a. Having no tone; unmusical.

{ Tong (?), Tonge}, n. Tongue. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ton"ga (?), n. (Med.) A drug useful in neuralgia, derived from a Fijian plant supposed to be of the aroid genus Epipremnum.

Tong"kang (?), n. (Naut.) A kind of boat or junk used in the seas of the Malay Archipelago.

Ton"go (?), n. The mangrove; -- so called in the Pacific Islands.

Tongs (?), n. pl. [OE. tonge, tange, AS. tange; akin to D. tang, G. zanga, OHG. zanga, Don. tang, Sw. tång, Icel. töng, Gr. da`knein to bite, Skr. dañiç, daç. √59. Cf. Tang a strong taste, anything projecting.] An instrument, usually of metal, consisting of two parts, or long shafts, jointed together at or near one end, or united by an elastic bow, used for handling things, especially hot coals or metals; -- often called a pair of tongs.

Tongue (?), n. [OE. tunge, tonge, AS. tunge; akin to OFries. tunge, D. tong, OS. tunga, G. zunge, OHG. zunga, Icel. & Sw. tunga, Dan tunge, Goth. tuggō, OL. dingua, L. lingua. √243 Cf.Language, Lingo. ]

1. (Anat.) an organ situated in the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates and connected with the hyoid arch.

&fist; The tongue is usually muscular, mobile, and free at one extremity, and in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.

To make his English sweet upon his tongue.
Chaucer.

2. The power of articulate utterance; speech.

Parrots imitating human tongue.
Dryden.

3. Discourse; fluency of speech or expression.

Much tongue and much judgment seldom go together.
L. Estrange.

4. Honorable discourse; eulogy. [Obs.]

She was born noble; let that title find her a private grave, but neither tongue nor honor.
Beau. & Fl.

5. A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation; as, the English tongue. Chaucer.

Whose tongue thou shalt not understand.
Deut. xxviii. 49.

To speak all tongues.
Milton.

6. Speech; words or declarations only; -- opposed to thoughts or actions.

My little children, let us love in word, neither in tongue, but in deed and in truth.
1 John iii. 18.

7. A people having a distinct language.

A will gather all nations and tongues.
Isa. lxvi. 18.

8. (Zoöl.) (a) The lingual ribbon, or odontophore, of a mollusk. (b) The proboscis of a moth or a butterfly. (c) The lingua of an insect.

9. (Zoöl.) Any small sole.

10. That which is considered as resembing an animal's tongue, in position or form. Specifically: --

(a) A projection, or slender appendage or fixture; as, the tongue of a buckle, or of a balance.

(b) A projection on the side, as of a board, which fits into a groove.

(c) A point, or long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the mainland into a sea or a lake.

(d) The pole of a vehicle; especially, the pole of an ox cart, to the end of which the oxen are yoked.

(e) The clapper of a bell.

(f) (Naut.) A short piece of rope spliced into the upper part of standing backstays, etc.; also. the upper main piece of a mast composed of several pieces.

(g) (Mus.) Same as Reed, n., 5.

To hold the tongue, to be silent. -- Tongue bone (Anat.), the hyoid bone. -- Tongue grafting. See under Grafting.

Syn. -- Language; speech; expression. See Language.

Tongue (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tongued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tonguing.] 1. To speak; to utter. "Such stuff as madmen tongue." Shak.

2. To chide; to scold.

How might she tongue me.
Shak.

3. (Mus.) To modulate or modify with the tongue, as notes, in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.

4. To join means of a tongue and grove; as, to tongue boards together.

Tongue, v. i. 1. To talk; to prate. Dryden.

2. (Mus.) To use the tongue in forming the notes, as in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.

Tongue"bird` (?), n. The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.]

Tongued (?), a. Having a tongue.

Tongued like the night crow.
Donne.

Tongue"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A flounder (Symphurus plagiusa) native of the southern coast of the United States.

Tongue"less (?), a. 1. Having no tongue.

2. Hence, speechless; mute. "What tongueless blocks were they! would they not speak?" Shak.

3. Unnamed; not spoken of. [Obs.]

One good deed dying tongueless.
Shak.

Tongue"let (?), n. A little tongue.

Tongue"-pad` (?), n. A great talker. [Obs.]

Tongue"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a tongue; specifically (Bot.), linear or oblong, and fleshy, blunt at the end, and convex beneath; as, a tongue-shaped leaf.

Tongue"-shell` (?), n. Any species of Lingula.

Tongue"ster (?), n. One who uses his tongue; a talker; a story-teller; a gossip. [Poetic.]

Step by step we rose to greatness; through the tonguesters we may fall.
Tennyson.

Tongue"-tie` (?), n. (Med.) Impeded motion of the tongue because of the shortness of the frænum, or of the adhesion of its margins to the gums. Dunglison.

Tongue"-tie`, v. t. To deprive of speech or the power of speech, or of distinct articulation.

Tongue"-tied` (?), a. 1. Destitute of the power of distinct articulation; having an impediment in the speech, esp. when caused by a short frænum.

2. Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause.

Love, therefore, and tongue-tied simplicity.
Shak.

Tongue"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Linguatulina.

Tongu"y (?), a. Ready or voluble in speaking; as, a tonguy speaker. [Written also tonguey.] [Colloq.]

Ton"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. tonigue, Gr. &?;. See Tone.] 1. Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) " from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation."

2. Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as, tonic power.

3. (Med.) Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring healthy functions.

Tonic spasm. (Med.) See the Note under Spasm.

Ton"ic, n. [Cf. F. tonique, NL. tonicum.] 1. (Phon.) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.

2. (Mus.) The key tone, or first tone of any scale.

3. (Med.) A medicine that increases the strength, and gives vigor of action to the system.

Tonic sol-fa (Mus.), the name of the most popular among letter systems of notation (at least in England), based on key relationship, and hence called "tonic." Instead of the five lines, clefs, signature, etc., of the usual notation, it employs letters and the syllables do, re, mi, etc., variously modified, with other simple signs of duration, of upper or lower octave, etc. See Sol- fa.

Ton"ic*al (?), a. Tonic. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

To*nic"i*ty (?), n. (Physiol.) The state of healthy tension or partial contraction of muscle fibers while at rest; tone; tonus.

To*night" (?), adv. [Prep. to + night] 1. On this present or coming night.

2. On the last night past. [Obs.] Shak.

To*night", n. The present or the coming night; the night after the present day.

Ton"ite (?), n. [Cf.L. tonare to thunder.] An explosive compound; a preparation of gun cotton.

Ton"ka bean` (?). [Cf. F. onca, tonka.] (Bot.) The seed of a leguminous tree (Dipteryx odorata), native of Guiana. It has a peculiarly agreeable smell, and is employed in the scenting of snuff. Called also tonquin bean. [Written also tonca bean, tonga bean.]

Ton"nage (?; 48), n. [From Ton a measure.]

1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or a ship.

2. The cubical content or burden of a vessel, or vessels, in tons; or, the amount of weight which one or several vessels may carry. See Ton, n. (b).

A fleet . . . with an aggregate tonnage of 60,000 seemed sufficient to conquer the world.
Motley.

3. A duty or impost on vessels, estimated per ton, or, a duty, toll, or rate payable on goods per ton transported on canals.

4. The whole amount of shipping estimated by tons; as, the tonnage of the United States. See Ton.

&fist; There are in common use the following terms relating to tonnage: (a) Displacement. (b) Register tonnage, gross and net. (c) Freight tonnage. (d) Builders' measurement. (e) Yacht measurement. The first is mainly used for war vessels, where the total weight is likely to be nearly constant. The second is the most important, being that used for commercial purposes. The third and fourth are different rules for ascertaining the actual burden-carrying power of a vessel, and the fifth is for the proper classification of pleasure craft. Gross tonnage expresses the total cubical interior of a vessel; net tonnage, the cubical space actually available for freight- carrying purposes. Rules for ascertaining these measurements are established by law.

Tonne (?), n. A tun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ton"ni*hood (?), n. (Zoöl.) The female of the bullfinch; -- called also tonyhoop. [Prov. Eng.]

Ton"nish (t&obreve;n"n&ibreve;sh), a. In the ton; fashionable; modish. -- Ton"nish*ness, n.

To*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; a stretching, a tone + -meter.] 1. (Physics.) An instrument for determining the rate of vibrations in tones.

2. (Physiol.) (a) An apparatus for studying and registering the action of various fluids and drugs on the excised heart of lower animals. (b) An instrument for measuring tension, esp. that of the eyeball.

To*nom"e*try (?), n. The act of measuring with a tonometer; specifically (Med.), measurement of tension, esp. the tension of the eyeball.

Ton"o*phant (tōn"&oasl;*fant), n. [Gr. to`nos a tone + fai`nein to show.] (Physics.) A modification of the kaleidophon, for showing composition of acoustic vibrations. It consists of two thin slips of steel welded together, their length being adjystable by a screw socket.

Ton"ous (?), a. Abounding in tone or sound.

Ton"quin bean` (t&obreve;&nsmac;"k&ibreve;n bēn). See Tonka bean.

Ton"sil (?), n. [L. tonsill&?;, pl.: cf. F. tonsille. ] (Anat.) One of the two glandular organs situated in the throat at the sides of the fauces. The tonsils are sometimes called the almonds, from their shape.

Ton"sil*ar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tonsils; tonsilitic. [Written also tonsillar.]

Ton"sile (?), a. [L. tonsilis, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear, clip. See Tonsure. ] Capable of being clipped.

Ton`sil*it"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Tonsilar. [Written also tonsillitic.]

||Ton`sil*i"tis (?), n. [NL. See Tonsil, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the tonsil; quinsy. [Written also, and more usually, tonsillitis.]

Ton*sil"o*tome (?), n. [Tonsil + Gr. te`mnein to cut.] (Surg.) An instrument for removing the tonsils.

Ton`sil*ot"o*my (?), n. (Surg.) The operation of removing the tonsil, or a portion thereof.

Ton"sor (?), n. [L.] A barber. Sir W. Scott.

Ton*so"ri*al (?), a. [L. tonsorius, fr. tonsor a shearer, barber, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear. See Tonsure.] Of or pertaining to a barber, or shaving.

Ton"sure (?), n. [F., fr. L. tonsura a shearing, clipping, from tondere, tonsum, to shear, shave; cf. Gr. &?; to gnaw; perhaps akin to Gr. &?; to cut, and E. tome.] 1. The act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the crown of the head; also, the state of being shorn.

2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of God and the church; the first degree of the clericate, given by a bishop, abbot, or cardinal priest, consisting in cutting off the hair from a circular space at the back of the head, with prayers and benedictions; hence, entrance or admission into minor orders. (b) The shaven corona, or crown, which priests wear as a mark of their order and of their rank.

Ton"sured (?), a. Having the tonsure; shaven; shorn; clipped; hence, bald.

A tonsured head in middle age forlorn.
Tennyson.

Ton*tine" (?), n. [F., from It. tontina; -- so called from its inventor, Tonti, an Italian, of the 17th century.] An annuity, with the benefit of survivorship, or a loan raised on life annuities with the benefit of survivorship. Thus, an annuity is shared among a number, on the principle that the share of each, at his death, is enjoyed by the survivors, until at last the whole goes to the last survivor, or to the last two or three, according to the terms on which the money is advanced. Used also adjectively; as, tontine insurance.

Too many of the financiers by professions are apt to see nothing in revenue but banks, and circulations, and annuities on lives, and tontines, and perpetual rents, and all the small wares of the shop.
Burke.

||To"nus (?), n. [L. a sound, tone. See Tone.] (Physiol.) Tonicity, or tone; as, muscular tonus.

To"ny (?), n.; pl. Tonies (#). [Abbrev. from Anthony.] A simpleton. L'Estrange.

A pattern and companion fit
For all the keeping tonies of the pit.
Dryden.

Too (?), adv. [The same word as to, prep. See To.]

1. Over; more than enough; -- noting excess; as, a thing is too long, too short, or too wide; too high; too many; too much.

His will, too strong to bend, too proud to learn.
Cowley.

2. Likewise; also; in addition.

An honest courtier, yet a patriot too.
Pope.

Let those eyes that view
The daring crime, behold the vengeance too.
Pope.

Too too, a duplication used to signify great excess.

O that this too too solid flesh would melt.
Shak.

Such is not Charles his too too active age.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Also; likewise. See Also.

Took (?), imp. of Take.

Tool (?), n. [OE. tol,tool. AS. tōl; akin to Icel. tōl, Goth. taijan to do, to make, taui deed, work, and perhaps to E. taw to dress leather. √64.] 1. An instrument such as a hammer, saw, plane, file, and the like, used in the manual arts, to facilitate mechanical operations; any instrument used by a craftsman or laborer at his work; an implement; as, the tools of a joiner, smith, shoe-maker, etc.; also, a cutter, chisel, or other part of an instrument or machine that dresses work.

2. A machine for cutting or shaping materials; -- also called machine tool.

3. Hence, any instrument of use or service.

That angry fool . . .
Whipping her horse, did with his smarting tool
Oft whip her dainty self.
Spenser.

4. A weapon. [Obs.]

Him that is aghast of every tool.
Chaucer.

5. A person used as an instrument by another person; -- a word of reproach; as, men of intrigue have their tools, by whose agency they accomplish their purposes.

I was not made for a minion or a tool.
Burks.

Tool (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. tooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tooling.] 1. To shape, form, or finish with a tool. "Elaborately tooled." Ld. Lytton.

2. To drive, as a coach. [Slang, Eng.]

Tool"ing, n. Work performed with a tool.

The fine tooling and delicate tracery of the cabinet artist is lost upon a building of colossal proportions.
De Quincey.

{ Tool"-post` (?), Tool"-stock` (?), } n. (Mach.) The part of a tool-rest in which a cutting tool is clamped.

Tool"-rest` (?), n. (Mach.) the part that supports a tool-post or a tool.

Toom (?), a. [OE. tom, fr. Icel. tōmr; akin to Dan. & Sw. tom, As. tōme, adv. Cf. Teem to pour.] Empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Wyclif.

Toom, v. t. To empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]

Toon (?), obs. pl. of Toe. Chaucer.

Toon (?), n. [Hind. tun, tūn, Skr. tunna.] (Bot.) The reddish brown wood of an East Indian tree (Cedrela Toona) closely resembling the Spanish cedar; also. the tree itself.

Toon"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Toon.

Toot (?), v. i. [OE. toten, AS. totian to project; hence, to peep out.] [Written also tout.] 1. To stand out, or be prominent. [Obs.] Howell.

2. To peep; to look narrowly. [Obs.] Latimer.

For birds in bushes tooting.
Spenser.

Toot, v. t. To see; to spy. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Toot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tooted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tooting.] [Cf. D. toeten to blow a horn, G. tuten, Sw. tuta, Dan. tude; probably of imitative origin.] To blow or sound a horn; to make similar noise by contact of the tongue with the root of the upper teeth at the beginning and end of the sound; also, to give forth such a sound, as a horn when blown. "A tooting horn." Howell.

Tooting horns and rattling teams of mail coaches.
Thackeray.

Toot, v. t. To cause to sound, as a horn, the note being modified at the beginning and end as if by pronouncing the letter t; to blow; to sound.

Toot"er (?), n. One who toots; one who plays upon a pipe or horn. B. Jonson.

Tooth (?), n.; pl. Teeth (#). [OE. toth,tooth, AS. tōð; akin to OFries. tōth, OS. & D. tand, OHG. zang, zan, G. zahn, Icel. tönn, Sw. & Dan. tand, Goth. tumpus, Lith. dantis, W. dant, L. dens, dentis, Gr. 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, Skr. danta; probably originally the p. pr. of the verb to eat. √239. Cf. Eat, Dandelion, Dent the tooth of a wheel, Dental, Dentist, Indent, Tine of a fork, Tusk. ] 1. (Anat.) One of the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates, and which usually aid in the prehension and mastication of food.

&fist; The hard parts of teeth are principally made up of dentine, or ivory, and a very hard substance called enamel. These are variously combined in different animals. Each tooth consist of three parts, a crown, or body, projecting above the gum, one or more fangs imbedded in the jaw, and the neck, or intermediate part. In some animals one or more of the teeth are modified into tusks which project from the mouth, as in both sexes of the elephant and of the walrus, and in the male narwhal.

In adult man there are thirty-two teeth, composed largely of dentine, but the crowns are covered with enamel, and the fangs with a layer of bone called cementum. Of the eight teeth on each half of each jaw, the two in front are incisors, then come one canine, cuspid, or dog tooth, two bicuspids, or false molars, and three molars, or grinding teeth. The milk, or temporary, teeth are only twenty in number, there being two incisors, one canine, and two molars on each half of each jaw. The last molars, or wisdom teeth, usually appear long after the others, and occasionally do not appear above the jaw at all.

How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is
To have a thankless child !
Shak.

2. Fig.: Taste; palate.

These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth.
Dryden.

3. Any projection corresponding to the tooth of an animal, in shape, position, or office; as, the teeth, or cogs, of a cogwheel; a tooth, prong, or tine, of a fork; a tooth, or the teeth, of a rake, a saw, a file, a card.

4. (a) A projecting member resembling a tenon, but fitting into a mortise that is only sunk, not pierced through. (b) One of several steps, or offsets, in a tusk. See Tusk.

5. (Nat. Hist.) An angular or prominence on any edge; as, a tooth on the scale of a fish, or on a leaf of a plant; specifically (Bot.), one of the appendages at the mouth of the capsule of a moss. See Peristome.

6. (Zoöl.) Any hard calcareous or chitinous organ found in the mouth of various invertebrates and used in feeding or procuring food; as, the teeth of a mollusk or a starfish.

In spite of the teeth, in defiance of opposition; in opposition to every effort. -- In the teeth, directly; in direct opposition; in front. "Nor strive with all the tempest in my teeth." Pope. -- To cast in the teeth, to report reproachfully; to taunt or insult one with. -- Tooth and nail, as if by biting and scratching; with one's utmost power; by all possible means. L'Estrange. "I shall fight tooth and nail for international copyright." Charles Reade. -- Tooth coralline (Zoöl.), any sertularian hydroid. -- Tooth edge, the sensation excited in the teeth by grating sounds, and by the touch of certain substances, as keen acids. -- Tooth key, an instrument used to extract teeth by a motion resembling that of turning a key. -- Tooth net, a large fishing net anchored. [Scot.] Jamieson. -- Tooth ornament. (Arch.) Same as Dogtooth, n., 2. -- Tooth powder, a powder for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. - - Tooth rash. (Med.) See Red-gum, 1. -- To show the teeth, to threaten. "When the Law shows her teeth, but dares not bite." Young. -- To the teeth, in open opposition; directly to one's face. "That I shall live, and tell him to his teeth ." Shak.

Tooth (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toothed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toothing.] 1. To furnish with teeth.

The twin cards toothed with glittering wire.
Wordsworth.

2. To indent; to jag; as, to tooth a saw.

3. To lock into each other. See Tooth, n., 4. Moxon.

Tooth"ache` (?), n. (Med.) Pain in a tooth or in the teeth; odontalgia.

Toothache grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Ctenium Americanum) having a very pungent taste. -- Toothache tree. (Bot.) (a) The prickly ash. (b) A shrub of the genus Aralia (A. spinosa).

Tooth"back` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any notodontian.

Tooth"bill` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A peculiar fruit-eating ground pigeon (Didunculus strigiostris) native of the Samoan Islands, and noted for its resemblance, in several characteristics, to the extinct dodo. Its beak is stout and strongly hooked, and the mandible has two or three strong teeth toward the end. Its color is chocolate red. Called also toothbilled pigeon, and manu- mea.

Tooth"brush` (?), n. A brush for cleaning the teeth.

Tooth"draw`er (?), n. One whose business it is to extract teeth with instruments; a dentist. Shak.

Toothed (?), a. 1. Having teeth; furnished with teeth. "Ruby-lipped and toothed with pearl." Herrick.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Having marginal projecting points; dentate.

Toothed whale (Zoöl.), any whale of the order Denticete. See Denticete. -- Toothed wheel, a wheel with teeth or projections cut or set on its edge or circumference, for transmitting motion by their action on the engaging teeth of another wheel.

Tooth"ful (?), a. Toothsome. [Obs.]

Tooth"ing, n. 1. The act or process of indenting or furnishing with teeth.

2. (Masonry) Bricks alternately projecting at the end of a wall, in order that they may be bonded into a continuation of it when the remainder is carried up.

Toothing plane, a plane of which the iron is formed into a series of small teeth, for the purpose of roughening surfaces, as of veneers.

Tooth"less, a. Having no teeth. Cowper.

Tooth"let (?), n. A little tooth, or like projection.

Tooth"let*ed, a. Having a toothlet or toothlets; as, a toothleted leaf. [Written also toothletted.]

Tooth"pick` (?), n. A pointed instument for clearing the teeth of substances lodged between them.

Tooth"pick`er (?), n. A toothpick. [Obs.] Shak.

Tooth"shell" (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Dentalium and allied genera having a tooth-shaped shell. See Dentalium.

Tooth"some (?), a. Grateful to the taste; palatable. -- Tooth"some*ly, adv. - - Tooth"some*ness, n.

Though less toothsome to me, they were more wholesome for me.
Fuller.

Tooth"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant whose roots are fancied to resemble teeth, as certain plants of the genus Lathræa, and various species of Dentaria. See Coralwort.

Tooth"y (?), a. Toothed; with teeth. [R] Croxall.

Too*zoo" (?), n. The ringdove. [Prov. Eng.]

Top (?), n. [CF. OD. dop, top, OHG., MNG., & dial. G. topf; perhaps akin to G. topf a pot.] 1. A child's toy, commonly in the form of a conoid or pear, made to spin on its point, usually by drawing off a string wound round its surface or stem, the motion being sometimes continued by means of a whip.

2. (Rope Making) A plug, or conical block of wood, with longitudital grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.

Top (?), n. [AS. top; akin to OFries. top a tuft, D. top top, OHG. zopf end, tip, tuft of hair, G. zopf tuft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree, Icel. toppr a tuft of hair, crest, top, Dan. top, Sw. topp pinnacle, top; of uncertain origin. Cf. Tuft.] 1. The highest part of anything; the upper end, edge, or extremity; the upper side or surface; summit; apex; vertex; cover; lid; as, the top of a spire; the top of a house; the top of a mountain; the top of the ground.

The star that bids the shepherd fold,
Now the top of heaven doth hold.
Milton.

2. The utmost degree; the acme; the summit.

The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work.
Pope.

3. The highest rank; the most honorable position; the utmost attainable place; as, to be at the top of one's class, or at the top of the school.

And wears upon his baby brow the round
And top of sovereignty.
Shak.

4. The chief person; the most prominent one.

Other . . . aspired to be the top of zealots.
Milton.

5. The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head. "From top to toe" Spenser.

All the stored vengeance of Heaven fall
On her ungrateful top !
Shak.

6. The head, or upper part, of a plant.

The buds . . . are called heads, or tops, as cabbageheads.
I. Watts.

7. (Naut.) A platform surrounding the head of the lower mast and projecting on all sudes. It serves to spead the topmast rigging, thus strengheningthe mast, and also furnishes a convenient standing place for the men aloft. Totten.

8. (Wool Manuf.) A bundle or ball of slivers of comkbed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out.

9. Eve; verge; point. [R.] "He was upon the top of his marriage with Magdaleine." Knolles.

10. The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface. Knight.

11. pl. Top-boots. [Slang] Dickens.

&fist; Top is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound words, usually self-explaining; as, top stone, or topstone; top-boots, or top boots; top soil, or top-soil.

Top and but (Shipbuilding), a phrase used to denote a method of working long tapering planks by bringing the but of one plank to the top of the other to make up a constant breadth in two layers. -- Top minnow (Zoöl.), a small viviparous fresh-water fish (Gambusia patruelis) abundant in the Southern United States. Also applied to other similar species.

Top, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Topped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Topping.] 1. To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower; as, lofty ridges and topping mountains. Derham.

2. To predominate; as, topping passions. "Influenced by topping uneasiness." Locke.

3. To excel; to rise above others.

But write thy, and top.
Dryden.

Top, v. t. 1. To cover on the top; to tip; to cap; -- chiefly used in the past participle.

Like moving mountains topped with snow.
Waller.

A mount
Of alabaster, topped with golden spires.
Milton.

2. To rise above; to excel; to outgo; to surpass.

Topping all others in boasting.
Shak.

Edmund the base shall top the legitimate.
Shak.

3. To rise to the top of; to go over the top of.

But wind about till thou hast topped the hill.
Denham.

4. To take off the or upper part of; to crop.

Top your rose trees a little with your knife.
Evelyn.

5. To perform eminently, or better than before.

From endeavoring universally to top their parts, they will go universally beyond them.
Jeffrey.

6. (Naut.) To raise one end of, as a yard, so that that end becomes higher than the other.

To top off, to complete by putting on, or finishing, the top or uppermost part of; as, to top off a stack of hay; hence, to complete; to finish; to adorn.

To"parch (?), n. [L. toparcha, Gr. &?;; &?; a place + &?; to govern, to rule.] The ruler or principal man in a place or country; the governor of a toparchy.

The prince and toparch of that country.
Fuller.

To"parch*y (?), n.; pl. Toparchies (#). [L. toparchia, Gr. &?;. See Toparch.] A small state, consisting of a few cities or towns; a petty country governed by a toparch; as, Judea was formerly divided into ten toparchies. Fuller.

Top"-ar`mor (?), n. (Naut.) A top railing supported by stanchions and equipped with netting.

To"pau (?), n. (Zoöl.) The rhinocerous bird (a).

To"paz (?), n. [OE. topas, F. topaze, L. topazos, or topazion, a kind of precious stone, Gr. to`pazos, topa`zion; possibly akin to Skr. tap to glow (cf. Tepid). According to some, the name is from Topazos, a small island in the Red Sea, where the Romans obtained a stone which they called by this name, but which is the chrysolite of the moderns.] 1. (Min.) A mineral occurring in rhombic prisms, generally yellowish and pellucid, also colorless, and of greenesh, bluish, or brownish shades. It sometimes occurs massive and opaque. It is a fluosilicate of alumina, and is used as a gem.

2. (Zoöl.) Either one of two species of large, brilliantly colored humming birds of the Topaza, of South America and the West Indies.

&fist; The two tail feathers next to the central ones are much longer that the rest, curved, and crossed. The Throat is metallic yellowish-green, with a tint like topaz in the center, the belly is bright crimson, the back bright red. Called also topaz hummer.

False topaz. (Min.) See the Note under Quartz.

To*paz"o*lite (?), n. [Topaz + - lite; cf. F. topazolithe.] (Min.) A topaz-yellow variety of garnet.

Top"-block` (?), n. (Naut.) A large ironbound block strapped with a hook, and, when used, hung to an eyebolt in the cap, -- used in swaying and lowering the topmast. Totten.

Top"-boots (?), n. pl. High boots, having generally a band of some kind of light-colored leather around the upper part of the leg; riding boots.

Top"-chain` (?), n. (Naut.) A chain for slinging the lower yards, in time of action, to prevent their falling, if the ropes by which they are hung are shot away.

Top"-cloth (?), n. (Naut.) A piece of canvas used to cover the hammocks which are lashed to the top in action to protect the topmen.

Top"coat` (?), n. An outer coat; an overcoat.

Top"-drain` (?), v. t. To drain the surface of, as land; as, to top-drain a field or farm.

Top"-drain`ing, n. The act or practice of drining the surface of land.

Top"-dress` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Top-dressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Top-dressing.] To apply a surface dressing of manureto,as land.

Top"-dress`ing, n. The act of applying a dressing of manure to the surface of land; also, manure so applied.

Tope (tōp), n. [Probably from Skr. stūpa a tope, a stupa, through Prakrit thūpo.] A moundlike Buddhist sepulcher, or memorial monument, often erected over a Buddhist relic.

Tope, n. [Tamil tōppu.] A grove or clump of trees; as, a toddy tope. [India] Whitworth.

Tope, n. 1. (Zoöl.) A small shark or dogfish (Galeorhinus, or Galeus, galeus), native of Europe, but found also on the coasts of California and Tasmania; -- called also toper, oil shark, miller's dog, and penny dog.

2. (Zoöl.) The wren. [Prov. Eng.]

Tope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toped (tōpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Toping.] [F. tôper to cover a stake in playing at dice, to accept an offer, tôpe agreed!; -- perhaps imitative of the sound of striking hands on concluding a bargain. From being used in English as a drinking term, probably at first in accepting a toast.] To drink hard or frequently; to drink strong or spiritous liquors to excess.

If you tope in form, and treat.
Dryden.

To"per (tō"p&etilde;r), n. One who topes, or drinks frequently or to excess; a drunkard; a sot.

Top"et (?), n. [F. toupet tuft. See Touper.] (Zoöl.) The European crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Top"ful (?), a. Full to the top, ore brim; brimfull. "Topful of direst cruelty." Shak.

[He] was so topful of himself, that he let it spill on all the company.
I. Watts.

Top`gal"lant (?), a.

1. (Naut.) Situated above the topmast and below the royal mast; designatb, or pertaining to, the third spars in order from the deck; as, the topgallant mast, yards, braces, and the like. See Illustration of Ship.

2. Fig.: Highest; elevated; splendid. "The consciences of topgallant sparks." L'Estrange.

Topgallant breeze, a breeze in which the topgallant sails may properly be carried.

Top`gal"lant, n. 1. (Naut.) A topgallant mast or sail.

2. Fig.: Anything elevated or splendid. Bacon.

Toph (?), n. [L. tophus, tofus, tufa, or tuft. Cf. Tufa, Tofus, Tophus.] (Min.) kind of sandstone.

To*pha"ceous (?), a. [L. tophaceus, tofaceus.] Gritty; sandy; rough; stony.

Top"-ham`per (?), n. (Naut.) The upper rigging, spars, etc., of a ship. [Written also top hamper.]

All the ships of the fleet . . . were so encumbered with tophamper, so overweighted in proportion to their draught of water, that they could bear but little canvas, even with smooth seas and light and favorable winds.
Motley.

Top"-heav`y (?), a. Having the top or upper part too heavy for the lower part. Sir H. Wotton.

To"phet (?), n. [Heb. tōphet, literally, a place to be spit upon, an abominable place, fr. tūph to spit out.] A place lying east or southeast of Jerusalem, in the valley of Hinnom. [Written also Topheth.]

And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom.
2 Kings xxiii. 10.

&fist; It seems to have been at first part of the royal garden, but it was afterwards defiled and polluted by the sacrifices of Baal and the fires of Moloch, and resounded with the cries of burning infants. At a later period, its altars and high places were thrown down, and all the filth of the city poured into it, until it became the abhorrence of Jerusalem, and, in symbol, the place where are wailing and gnashing of teeth.

The pleasant valley of Hinnom, Tophet thence
And black Gehenna called, the type of hell.
Milton.

Toph"in (?), n. (Min.) Same as Toph.

To"phus (?), n.; pl. Tophi (#). [NL.: cf. F. tophus a mineral concretion in the joint. See Toph.] [Written also tofus.] 1. (Med.) One of the mineral concretions about the joints, and in other situations, occurring chiefly in gouty persons. They consist usually of urate of sodium; when occurring in the internal organs they are also composed of phosphate of calcium.

2. (Min.) Calcareous tufa.

Top`i*a"ri*an (?), a. [See Toplary.] Of or pertaining to the ornamental cutting and trimming of trees, hedges, etc.; practicing ornamental gardening. [R.] "The topiarian artist." Sir W. Scott.

All the pedantries of the topiarian art.
C. Kingsley.

Top"i*a*ry (?), a. [L. topiarius belonging to ornamental gardening, fr. topia (sc. opera) ornamental gardening, fr. Gr. &?; a place.] Of or pertaining to ornamental gardening; produced by cutting, trimming, etc.; topiarian.

Topiary work, arbors, shrubbery, hedges, or the like, cut and trimmed into fanciful forms, as of animals, buildings, etc.

Top"ic (?), n. [F. topiques, pl., L. topica the title of a work of Aristotle, Gr. topika`, fr. topiko`s of or for place, concerning to`poi, or commonplaces, fr. to`pos a place.] (a) One of the various general forms of argument employed in probable as distinguished from demonstrative reasoning, -- denominated by Aristotle to`poi (literally, places), as being the places or sources from which arguments may be derived, or to which they may be referred; also, a prepared form of argument, applicable to a great variety of cases, with a supply of which the ancient rhetoricians and orators provided themselves; a commonplace of argument or oratory. (b) pl. A treatise on forms of argument; a system or scheme of forms or commonplaces of argument or oratory; as, the Topics of Aristotle.

These topics, or loci, were no other than general ideas applicable to a great many different subjects, which the orator was directed to consult.
Blair.

In this question by [reason] I do not mean a distinct topic, but a transcendent that runs through all topics.
Jer. Taylor.

2. An argument or reason. [Obs.]

Contumacious persons, who are not to be fixed by any principles, whom no topics can work upon.
Bp. Wilkins.

3. The subject of any distinct portion of a discourse, or argument, or literary composition; also, the general or main subject of the whole; a matter treated of; a subject, as of conversation or of thought; a matter; a point; a head.

4. (Med.) An external local application or remedy, as a plaster, a blister, etc. [Obsoles.] Wiseman.

Top"ic, a. Topical. Drayton. Holland.

Top"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. topique, LL. topicus, Gr. &?;. See Topic, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to a place; limited; logical application; as, a topical remedy; a topical claim or privilege.

2. (Rhet. & logic) Pertaining to, or consisting of, a topic or topics; according to topics.

3. Resembling a topic, or general maxim; hence, not demonstrative, but merely probable, as an argument.

Evidences of fact can be no more than topical and probable.
Sir M. Hale.

Top"ic*al*ly, adv. In a topical manner; with application to, or limitation of, a particular place or topic.

Top"knot` (?), n. 1. A crest or knot of feathers upon the head or top, as of a bird; also, an orgamental knot worn on top of the head, as by women.

A great, stout servant girl, with cheeks as red as her topknot.
Sir W. Scott.

2. (Zoöl.) A small Europen flounder (Rhoumbus punctatus). The name is also applied to allied species.

Top"less, a. Having no top, or no visble fop; hence, fig.: very lofty; supreme; unequaled. " The topless Apennines." "Topless fortunes." Beau. & Fl.

Top"-light` (?), n. (Naut.) A lantern or light on the top of a vessel.

Top"man (?), n.; pl. Topmem (&?;). 1. See Topsman, 2.

2. (Naut.) A man stationed in the top.

Top"mast (?), n. (Naut.) The second mast, or that which is next above the lower mast, and below the topgallant mast.

Top"most` (?), a. Highest; uppermost; as, the topmost cliff; the topmost branch of a tree.

The nightngale may claim the topmost bough.
Cowper.

To*pog"ra*pher (?), n. [Cf. F. topographe, Cr. &?; .] One who is skilled in the science of topography; one who describes a particular place, town, city, or tract of land.

Dante is the one authorized topographer of the mediæval hell.
Milman.

{ Top`o*graph"ic (?), a. Top`o*graph"ic*al (?), }[Cf. F. topographique.] Of or pertaining to topography; descriptive of a place. -- Top`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Topographical map. See under Cadastral. -- Topographical surveying. See under Surveying.

To*pog"ra*phist (?), n. A topographer.

To*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [F. topographie, Gr. &?;; &?; a place + &?; to write.] The description of a particular place, town, manor, parish, or tract of land; especially, the exact and scientific delineation and description in minute detail of any place or region.

&fist; Topography, as the description of particular places, is distinguished from chorography, the description of a region or a district, and for geography, the description of the earth or of countries. Brande & C.

To*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; place + - logy.] The art of, or method for, assisting the memory by associating the thing or subject to be remembered with some place. [R.]

To*pon"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; place + &?; to distribute.] The designation of position and direction. B. G. Wilder.

Top"piece` (?), n. A small wig for the top of the head; a toupee.

Top"ping (?), a. 1. Rising above; surpassing.

2. Hence, assuming superiority; proud.

The great and flourishing condition of some of the topping sinners of the world.
South.

3. Fine; gallant. [Slang] Johnson.

Top"ping, n. 1. The act of one who tops; the act of cutting off the top.

2. (Naut.) The act of raising one extremity of a spar higher than the other.

3. pl. That which comes from hemp in the process of hatcheling.

Topping lift (Naut.), a large, strong tackle employed to raise or top the end of a gaff, or of a boom.

Top"ping*ly, adv. In a topping or proud manner.

Top"ping*ly, a. Same as Topping, a., 3. [Obs.] "Topping quests." Tusser.

Top"ple (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toppled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toppling.] [From Top summit.] To fall forward; to pitch or tumble down.

Though castles topple on their warders' heads.
Shak.

Top"ple, v. t. To throw down; to overturn.

He topple crags from the precipice.
Longfellow.

Top"-proud` (?), a. Proud to the highest degree. [R.] "This top-proud fellow." Shak.

Top"-rope` (?), n. (Naut.) A rope used for hoisting and lowering a topmast, and for other purposes.

Top"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) In a square-rigged vessel, the sail next above the lowermost sail on a mast. This sail is the one most frequently reefed or furled in working the ship. In a fore-and-aft rigged vessel, the sail set upon and above the gaff. See Cutter, Schooner, Sail, and Ship.

Topsail schooner. (Naut.) See Schooner, and Illustration in Appendix.

Tops"-and-bot`toms (?), n. pl. Small rolls of dough, baked, cut in halves, and then browned in an oven, -- used as food for infants.

'T is said that her top-and-bottoms were gilt.
Hood.

Top"-shaped` (?), a. Having the shape of a top; (Bot.) cone-shaped, with the apex downward; turbinate.

Top"-shell` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of marine top-shaped shells of the genus Trochus, or family Trochidæ.

Tops"man (?), n.; pl. Topsmen (&?;). 1. The chief drover of those who drive a herd of cattle. P. Cyc.

2. The uppermost sawyer in a saw pit; a topman. Simmonds.

Top"soil` (?), n. The upper layer of soil; surface soil.

Top"soil`ing, n. (Engin.) The act or art of taking off the top soil of land before an excavation or embankment is begun.

Top"stone` (?), n. A stone that is placed on the top, or which forms the top.

Top"sy-tur"vy (?), adv. [Earlier topside- turvey, topsy-tervy; probably for top so turvy; that is, the top as turvy, as it were turvy; where turvy probably means, overturned, fr. AS. torfian to throw.] In an inverted posture; with the top or head downward; upside down; as, to turn a carriage topsy-turvy.

Top"-tac`kle (?), n. (Naut.) A tackle used in hoisting and lowering the topmast.

Top"-tim`bers (?), n. (Naut.) The highest timbers on the side of a vessel, being those above the futtocks. R. H. Dana, Jr.

Top"-tool` (-t&oomac;l`), n. (Blacksmithing.) A tool applied to the top of the work, in distinction from a tool inserted in the anvil and on which the work is placed.

Toque (tōk), n. [F. toque; of Celtic origin; cf. W. toc.] 1. A kind of cap worn in the 16th century, and copied in modern fashions; -- called also toquet.

His velvet toque stuck as airily as ever upon the side of his head.
Motley.

2. (Zoöl.) A variety of the bonnet monkey.

To*quet" (?), n. See Toque, 1.

Tor (?), n. [AS. torr; cf. Gael. torr. Cf. Tower.]

1. A tower; a turret. [R.] Ray.

2. High-pointed hill; a rocky pinnacle. [Prov. Eng.]

A rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree.
C. Kingsley.

{ To*race" (?), To*rase" }, v. t. [Pref. to- + OE. r&?;sen to rage.] To scratch to pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tor"bern*ite (?), n. [So named after Torber Bergmann, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in emerald-green tabular crystals having a micaceous structure. It is a hydrous phosphate of uranium and copper. Called also copper uranite, and chalcolite.

Torc (tôrk), n. Same as Torque, 1.

Torch (tôrch), n. [OE. torche, F. torche a torch, rag, wisp, pad; probably from a derivative of L. torquere, tortum, to twist, because twisted like a rope; cf. F. torcher to rub, wipe, It. topcia a torch, torciare to wrap, twist, OF. torse a torse. Cf. Torture.] A light or luminary formed of some combustible substance, as of resinous wood; a large candle or flambeau, or a lamp giving a large, flaring flame.

They light the nuptial torch.
Milton.

Torch thistle. (Bot.) See under Thistle.

Torch"bear`er (?), n. One whose office it is to carry a torch.

Torch"er (?), n. One who gives light with a torch, or as if with a torch. [Obs.] Shak.

Torch"light` (?), n. The light of a torch, or of torches. Also adjectively; as, a torchlight procession.

Tor"chon lace` (?). [F. torchon a kind of coarse napkin.] a simple thread lace worked upon a pillow with coarse thread; also, a similar lace made by machinery.

Torch"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The inflammable wood of certain trees (Amyris balsamifera, A. Floridana, etc.); also, the trees themselves.

Torch"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The common mullein, the stalks of which, dipped in suet, anciently served for torches. Called also torch, and hig-taper.

Tore (?), imp. of Tear.

Tore, n. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.] The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. [Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.

Tore, n. [See Torus.] 1. (Arch.) Same as Torus.

2. (Geom.) (a) The surface described by the circumference of a circle revolving about a straight line in its own plane. (b) The solid inclosed by such a surface; -- sometimes called an anchor ring.

To"re*a*dor` (?), n. [Sp.,fr. torear to fight bulls, fr.L. taurus a bull.] A bullfighter.

To-rend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. To-rent.] [Pref. to- + rend.] To rend in pieces. [Obs.]

The wolf hath many a sheep and lamb to- rent.
Chaucer.

Tor"et (?), n. [Probably dim. fr. tore, torus.] A Turret. [Obs.]

Tor"et, n. A ring for fastening a hawk's leash to the jesses; also, a ring affixed to the collar of a dog, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer.

To"reu`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, embossed work, work in relief (from &?; to bore through, to work in relief) + -graphy.] A description of sculpture such as bas-relief in metal.

To*reu`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; embossed work + -logy.] The art or the description of scupture such as bas-relief in metal; toreumatography.

To*reu"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; belonging to work in relief.] (Sculp.) In relief; pertaining to sculpture in relief, especially of metal; also, pertaining to chasing such as surface ornamentation in metal.

Tor"goch (?), n. The saibling. [Prov. Eng.]

||To*ril"to (?), n. [Cf. Sp. torillo a little bull.] (Zoöl.) A species of Turnix (Turnix sylvatica) native of Spain and Northen Africa.

To`rin*ese" (?), a. [It.] Of or pertaining to Turin. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Turin; collectively, the people of Turin.

Tor"ment (?), n. [OF. torment, F. tourment, fr. L. tormentum an engine for hurling missiles, an instrument of torture, a rack, torture, fr. torquere to turn, to twist, hurl. See Turture.] 1. (Mil. Antiq.) An engine for casting stones. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

2. Extreme pain; anguish; torture; the utmost degree of misery, either of body or mind. Chaucer.

The more I see
Pleasures about me, so much more I feel
Torment within me.
Milton.

3. That which gives pain, vexation, or misery.

They brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments.
Matt. iv. 24.

Tor*ment" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. tormented (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tormenting.] [OF. tormenter, F. tourmenter.] 1. To put to extreme pain or anguish; to inflict excruciating misery upon, either of body or mind; to torture. " Art thou come hither to torment us before our time? " Matt. viii. 29.

2. To pain; to distress; to afflict.

Lord, my servant lieth at home sick of the palsy, grievously tormented.
Matt. viii. 6.

3. To tease; to vex; to harass; as, to be tormented with importunities, or with petty annoyances. [Colloq.]

4. To put into great agitation. [R.] "[They], soaring on main wing, tormented all the air." Milton.

Tor*ment"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, torments; a tormentor.

2. An executioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tor*ment"ful (?), a. Full of torment; causing, or accompanied by, torment; excruciating. [R.] Tillotson.

Tor"men*til (?), n. [F. tormentille; cf. Pr., It., & NL. tormentilla, Sp. tormentila; all fr. L. tormentum pain. So called because it is said to allay pain. See Torment.] (Bot.) A rosaceous herb (Potentilla Tormentilla), the root of which is used as a powerful astringent, and for alleviating gripes, or tormina, in diarrhea.

Tor*ment"ing (?), a. Causing torment; as, a tormenting dream. -- Tor*ment"ing*ly, adv.

Tor"ment*ise (?), n. [See Torment.] Torture; torment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tor*ment"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, torments; one who inflicts penal anguish or tortures. Jer. Taylor.

Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings.
Milton.

2. (Agric.) An implement for reducing a stiff soil, resembling a harrow, but running upon wheels. Hebert.

Tor*ment"ress (?), n. A woman who torments.

Fortune ordinarily cometh after to whip and punish them, as the scourge and tormentress of glory and honor.
Holland.

Tor"ment*ry (?), n. Anything producing torment, annoyance, or pain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Tor"mi*na (?), n. pl. [L., a griping in the belly.] (Med.) acute, colicky pains; gripes.

Tor"mi*nous (?), a. (Med.) Affected with tormina; griping.

Torn (?), p. p. of Tear.

Tor*na"do (?), n.; pl. Tornadoes (#). [From Sp. or Pg. tornar to turn, return, L. tornare to turn, hence, a whirling wind. The Sp. & Pg. tornada is a return. See Turn.] A violent whirling wind; specifically (Meteorol.), a tempest distinguished by a rapid whirling and slow progressive motion, usually accompaned with severe thunder, lightning, and torrents of rain, and commonly of short duration and small breadth; a small cyclone.

||Tor*na"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Tornariæ (#). [NL., fr. L. tornare to turn.] (Zoöl.) The peculiar free swimming larva of Balanoglossus. See Illust. in Append.

To*rose" (?), a. [L. torosus full of muscle, brawny, fleshy. See Torus.] Cylindrical with alternate swellings and contractions; having the surface covered with rounded prominences.

To*ros"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being torose.

Torous (?), a. Torose.

Tor*ped"i*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to a torpedo; resembling a torpedo; exerting a benumbing influence; stupefying; dull; torpid.

Fishy were his eyes; torpedinous was his manner.
De Quincey.

Tor*pe"do (?), n.; pl. Torpedoes (#). [L. torpedo, -inis, from torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid. See Torpid.]

1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes belonging to Torpedo and allied genera. They are related to the rays, but have the power of giving electrical shocks. Called also crampfish, and numbfish. See Electrical fish, under Electrical.

&fist; The common European torpedo (T. vulgaris) and the American species (T. occidentalis) are the best known.

2. An engine or machine for destroying ships by blowing them up. Specifically: --

(a) A quantity of explosives anchored in a channel, beneath the water, or set adrift in a current, and so arranged that they will be exploded when touched by a vessel, or when an electric circuit is closed by an operator on shore.

(b) A kind of small submarine boat carrying an explosive charge, and projected from a ship against another ship at a distance, or made self-propelling, and otherwise automatic in its action against a distant ship.

3. (Mil.) A kind of shell or cartridge buried in earth, to be exploded by electricity or by stepping on it.

4. (Railroad) A kind of detonating cartridge or shell placed on a rail, and exploded when crushed under the locomotive wheels, -- used as an alarm signal.

5. An explosive cartridge or shell lowered or dropped into a bored oil well, and there exploded, to clear the well of obstructions or to open communication with a source of supply of oil.

6. A kind of firework in the form of a small ball, or pellet, which explodes when thrown upon a hard object.

Fish torpedo, a spindle-shaped, or fish-shaped, self-propelling submarine torpedo. -- Spar torpedo, a canister or other vessel containing an explosive charge, and attached to the end of a long spar which projects from a ship or boat and is thrust against an enemy's ship, exploding the torpedo. -- Torpedo boat, a vessel adapted for carrying, launching, operating, or otherwise making use of, torpedoes against an enemy's ship. -- Torpedo nettings, nettings made of chains or bars, which can be suspended around a vessel and allowed to sink beneath the surface of the water, as a protection against torpedoes.

Tor*pe"do, v. t. to destroy by, or subject to the action of, a torpedo. London Spectator.

Tor"pent (?), a. [L. torpens, p. pr. of torpere to be numb.] Having no motion or activity; incapable of motion; benumbed; torpid. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Tor*pes"cence (?), n. The quality or state or being torpescent; torpidness; numbness; stupidity.

Tor*pes"cent (?), a. [L. torpescens, p. pr. of torpescere to grow stiff, numb, or torpid, incho. fr. torpere. See Torpid.] Becoming torpid or numb. Shenstone.

Tor"pid (tôr"p&ibreve;d), a. [L. torpidus, fr. torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid; of uncertain origin.] 1. Having lost motion, or the power of exertion and feeling; numb; benumbed; as, a torpid limb.

Without heat all things would be torpid.
Ray.

2. Dull; stupid; sluggish; inactive. Sir M. Hale.

Tor*pid"i*ty (?), n. Same as Torpidness.

Tor"pid*ly (?), adv. In a torpid manner.

Tor"pid*ness, n. The qualityy or state of being torpid.

Tor"pi*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torpified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Torpifying. (&?;).] [L. torpere to be torpid + -fy.] To make torpid; to numb, or benumb.

Tor"pi*tude (?), n. Torpidness. [Obs.] "In a kind of torpitude, or sleeping state." Derham.

Tor"por (?), n. [L., from torpere, to be torpid.]

1. Loss of motion, or of the motion; a state of inactivity with partial or total insensibility; numbness.

2. Dullness; sluggishness; inactivity; as, a torpor of the mental faculties.

Tor`por*if"ic (?), a. [L. torpor torpor + facere to make.] Tending to produce torpor.

Tor"quate (?), a. [L. torquatus wearing a collar.] (Zoöl.) Collared; having a torques, or distinct colored ring around the neck.

tor"qua*ted (?), a. [L. Torqyatus.] Having or wearing a torque, or neck chain.

Torque (?), n. [L. torques a twisted neck chain, fr. torquere to twist.] 1. A collar or neck chain, usually twisted, especially as worn by ancient barbaric nations, as the Gauls, Germans, and Britons.

2. [L. torquere to twist.] (Mech.) That which tends to produce torsion; a couple of forces. J. Thomson.

3. (Phys. Science) A turning or twisting; tendency to turn, or cause to turn, about an axis.

Torqued (?), a. [L. torquere to twist, to turn, to wind.] 1. Wreathed; twisted. [R.]

2. (Her.) Twisted; bent; -- said of a dolphin haurient, which forms a figure like the letter S.

||Tor"ques (?), n. [L., a necklace. See Torque, 1.] (Zoöl.) A cervical ring of hair or feathers, distinguished by its color or structure; a collar.

Tor`re*fac"tion (?), n. [L. torrefacere,torrefactum, to torrefy: cf. F. torréfaction. See Torrefy.] The act or process of torrefying, or the state of being torrefied. Bp. Hall.

Tor"re*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torrefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Torrefying.] [L. torrere to parch + -fy: cf. F. torréfier, L. torrefacere.] [Written also torrify.] 1. To dry by a fire. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Metal.) To subject to scorching heat, so as to drive off volatile ingredients; to roast, as ores.

3. (Pharm.) To dry or parch, as drugs, on a metallic plate till they are friable, or are reduced to the state desired.

Tor"rent (?), n. [F., fr. L. torrens, -entis, fr. torrens burning, roaring, boiling, p. pr. of torrere to dry by heat, to burn. See Torrid.] 1. A violent stream, as of water, lava, or the like; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice.

The roaring torrent is deep and wide.
Longfellow.

2. Fig.: A violent or rapid flow; a strong current; a flood; as, a torrent of vices; a torrent of eloquence.

At length, Erasmus, that great injured name, . . .
Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age.
Pope.

Tor"rent, a. [See Torrent, n.] Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream. "Waves of torrent fire." Milton.

{ Tor*ren"tial (?), Tor*ren"tine (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a torrent; having the character of a torrent; caused by a torrent . [R.]

Tor`ri*cel"li*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and mathematician, who, in 1643, discovered that the rise of a liquid in a tube, as in the barometer, is due to atmospheric pressure. See Barometer.

Torricellian tube, a glass tube thirty or more inches in length, open at the lower end and hermetically sealed at the upper, such as is used in the barometer. -- Torricellian vacuum (Physics), a vacuum produced by filling with a fluid, as mercury, a tube hermetically closed at one end, and, after immersing the other end in a vessel of the same fluid, allowing the inclosed fluid to descend till it is counterbalanced by the pressure of the atmosphere, as in the barometer. Hutton.

Tor"rid (?), a. [L. torridus, fr. torrere to parch, to burn, akin to E. Thist: cf. F. torride. See Thirst.] 1. Parched; dried with heat; as, a torrid plain or desert. "Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil." Milton.

2. Violenty hot; drying or scorching with heat; burning; parching. "Torrid heat." Milton.

Torrid zone (Geog.), that space or board belt of the earth, included between the tropics, over which the sun is vertical at some period of every year, and the heat is always great.

Tor*rid"i*ty (?), n. Torridness. [R.]

Tor"rid*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being torrid or parched.

Tor"ril (?), n. A worthless woman; also, a worthless horse. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tor"rock (?), n. (Zoöl.) A gull. [Prov. Eng.]

Tor"sal (?), n. (Carp.) A torsel. Knight.

Torse (?), n. [OF., fr. OF. & F. tors, torse, twisted, wreathed, p. p. of tordre to twist, L. torquere. See Torture.]

1. (Her.) A wreath.

2. [F. tors, torse, twisted.] (Geom.) A developable surface. See under Developable.

Tor"sel (?), n. (Carp.) A plate of timber for the end of a beam or joist to rest on. Gwilt

Tor`si*bil"l*ty (?), n. The tendency, as of a rope, to untwist after being twisted.

Tor"sion (?), n. [F., fr. LL. torsio, fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist. See Torture.] 1. The act of turning or twisting, or the state of being twisted; the twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of a lateral force tending to turn one end or part of it about a longitudinal axis, while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction.

2. (Mech.) That force with which a thread, wire, or rod of any material, returns, or tends to return, to a state of rest after it has been twisted; torsibility.

Angle of torsion (of a curve) (Geom.), the indefinitely small angle between two consecutive osculating planes of a curve of double curvature. -- Moment of torsion (Mech.) the moment of a pair of equal and opposite couples which tend to twist a body. -- Torsion balance (Physics.), an instrument for estimating very minute forces, as electric or magnetic attractions and repulsions, by the torsion of a very slender wire or fiber having at its lower extremity a horizontal bar or needle, upon which the forces act. -- Torsion scale, a scale for weighing in which the fulcra of the levers or beams are strained wires or strips acting by torsion.

Tor"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to torsion; resulting from torsion, or the force with which a thread or wire returns to a state of rest after having been twisted round its axis; as, torsional force.

Torsk (?), n. [Dan.; akin to Icel. þorskr a codfish, G. dorsch.] (Zoöl.) (a) The cusk. See Cusk. (b) The codfish. Called also tusk.

Tor"so (?), n.; pl. E. Torsos (#), It. Torsi (#). [It. torso, probably fr. L. thyrsus a stalk, stem, thyrsus, Gr. &?;; cf. OHG. torso, turso, a stalk, stem, G. dorsche a cabbage stalk. Cf. Thyrsus, Truss.] The human body, as distinguished from the head and limbs; in sculpture, the trunk of a statue, mutilated of head and limbs; as, the torso of Hercules.

Tort (?), n. [F., from LL. tortum, fr. L. tortus twisted, crooked, p. p. of torqure to twist, bend. See Torture.] 1. Mischief; injury; calamity. [Obs.]

That had them long opprest with tort.
Spenser.

2. (Law) Any civil wrong or injury; a wrongful act (not involving a breach of contract) for which an action will lie; a form of action, in some parts of the United States, for a wrong or injury.

||Executor de son tort. See under Executor. -- Tort feasor (Law), a wrongdoer; a trespasser. Wharton.

Tort, a. Stretched tight; taut. [R.]

Yet holds he them with tortestrein.
Emerson.

Tor"ta (?), n. [Cf. Sp. torta a cake.] (Metal.) a flat heap of moist, crushed silver ore, prepared for the patio process.

Tor"teau (?), n.; pl. Torteaus (#). [Of. torteau, tortel, from L. tortus twisted. See Tort.] (Her.) A roundel of a red color.

Tor`ti*col"lis (?), n. [F. toricolis; L. torquere, tortum, to twist + collum the neck.] (Med.) See Wryneck.

Tor"tile (?), a. [L. tortilis, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf. F. tortile.] Twisted; wreathed; coiled.

Tor*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tortile, twisted, or wreathed.

||Tor*til"la (?), n. [Sp.] An unleavened cake, as of maize flour, baked on a heated iron or stone.

Tor"tion (?), n. [LL. tortio. See Torsion.] Torment; pain. [Obs.] Bacon.

Tor"tious (?), a. [From Tort.] 1. Injurious; wrongful. [Obs.] "Tortious power." Spenser.

2. (Law) Imploying tort, or privat injury for which the law gives damages; involing tort.

Tor"tious*ly, adv. (Law) In a tortous manner.

Tor"tive (?), a. [L. tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist, wind.] Twisted; wreathed. Shak.

Tor"toise (?), n. [OE. tortuce, fr. OF. tortis crooked, fr. L. tortus isted, crooked, contorted, p. p. of torquere, tortum, to wind; cf. F. tortue tortoise, LL. tortuca, tartuca, Pr. tortesa crookedness, tortis crooked. so called in allusion to its crooked feet. See Torture.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of reptiles of the order Testudinata.

&fist; The term is applied especially to the land and fresh-water species, while the marine species are generally called turtles, but the terms tortoise and turtle are used synonymously by many writers. see Testudinata, Terrapin, and Turtle.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) Same as Testudo, 2.

Box tortoise, Land tortoise, etc. See under Box, Land, etc. -- Painted tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Painted turtle, under Painted. -- Soft-shell tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Trionyx. -- Spotted tortoise. (Zoöl.) A small American fresh-water tortoise (Chelopus, or Nanemys, quttatus) having a blackish carapace on which are scattered round yellow spots. -- Tortoise beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small tortoise-shaped beetles. Many of them have a brilliant metallic luster. the larvæ feed upon the leaves of various plants, and protect themselves beneath a mass of dried excrement held over the back by means of the caudal spines. The golden tortoise beetle (Cassida aurichalcea) is found on the morning-glory vine and allied plants. -- Tortoise plant. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot, under Elephant. -- Tortoise shell, the substance of the shell or horny plates of several species of sea turtles, especially of the hawkbill turtle. It is used in inlaying and in the manufacture of various ornamental articles. -- Tortoise- shell butterfly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of handsomely colored butterflies of the genus Aglais, as A. Milberti, and A. urticæ, both of which, in the larva state, feed upon nettles. -- Tortoise-shell turtle (Zoöl.), the hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill.

Tor"tri*cid (?), a. [See Tortrix.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to Tortix, or the family Tortricidæ.

||Tor"trix (?), n. [NL., fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small moths of the family Tortricidæ, the larvæ of which usually roll up the leaves of plants on which they live; -- also called leaf roller.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of tropical short- tailed snakes, which are not venomous. One species (Tortrix scytalæ) is handsomely banded with black, and is sometimes worn alive by the natives of Brazil for a necklace.

Tor"tu*lous (?), a. (Nat. Hist.) Swelled out at intervals like a knotted cord.

Tor"tu*ose` (?), a. [See Tortuous.] Wreathed; twisted; winding. Loudon

Tor`tu*os"l*ty (?), n. [L. tortuositas: cf. F. tortuosite.] the quality or state of being tortuous.

Tor"tu*ous (?), a. [OE. tortuos, L. tortuosus, fr. tortus a twisting, winding, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf. F. tortueux. See Torture.] 1. Bent in different directions; wreathed; twisted; winding; as, a tortuous train; a tortuous train; a tortuous leaf or corolla.

The badger made his dark and tortuous hole on the side of every hill where the copsewood grew thick.
Macaulay.

2. Fig.: Deviating from rectitude; indirect; erroneous; deceitful.

That course became somewhat lesstortuous, when the battle of the Boyne had cowed the spirit of the Jakobites.
Macaulay.

3. Injurious: tortious. [Obs.]

4. (Astrol.) Oblique; -- applied to the six signs of the zodiac (from Capricorn to Gemini) which ascend most rapidly and obliquely. [Obs.] Skeat.

Infortunate ascendent tortuous.
Chaucer.

--Tor"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Tor"tu*ous*ness, n.

Tor"tur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tortured.

Tor"ture (?), n. [F.,fr.L. tortura, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist, rack, torture; probably akin to Gr. tre`pein to turn, G. drechsein to turn on a lathe, and perhaps to E. queer. Cf. Contort, Distort, Extort, Retort, Tart, n., Torch, Torment, Tortion, Tort, Trope.] 1. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; pang; agony; torment; as, torture of mind. Shak.

Ghastly spasm or racking torture.
Milton.

2. Especially, severe pain inflicted judicially, either as punishment for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession from an accused person, as by water or fire, by the boot or thumbkin, or by the rack or wheel.

3. The act or process of torturing.

Torture, whitch had always been deciared illegal, and which had recently been declared illegal even by the servile judges of that age, was inflicted for the last time in England in the month of May, 1640.
Macaulay.

Tor"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tortured (&?;; 135); p. pr. & vb. n. Torturing.] [Cf. F. Torturer. ] 1. To put to torture; to pain extremely; to harass; to vex.

2. To punish with torture; to put to the rack; as, to torture an accused person. Shak.

3. To wrest from the proper meaning; to distort. Jar. Taylor.

4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow. [Obs.]

The bow tortureth the string.
Bacon.

Tor"tur*er (?), n. One who tortures; a tormentor.

Tor"tur*ing*ly, adv. So as to torture. Beau. & Fl.

Tor"tur*ous (?), a. Involving, or pertaining to, torture. [R.] "The torturous crucifixion." I. Disraeli.

||Tor"u*la (?), n.; pl. Torulæ (&?;) [NL., dim. of L. torus a semicircular molding.] (Biol.) (a) A chain of special bacteria. (b) A genus of budding fungi. Same as Saccharomyces. Also used adjectively.

Tor"u*la*form` (?), a. (Biol.) Having the appearance of a torula; in the form of a little chain; as, a torulaform string of micrococci.

Tor"u*lose (?), a. [L. torulus, dim. of torus: cf. F. toruleux. See Torus] (Bot.) Same as Torose.

Tor"u*lous (?), a. Same as Torose.

||To"rus (?), n.; pl. Tori (#). [L., a round, swelling, or bulging place, an elevation. Cf. 3d Tore.]

1. (Arch.) A lage molding used in the bases of columns. Its profile is semicircular. See Illust. of Molding. Brande&C.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the ventral parapodia of tubicolous annelids. It usually has the form of an oblong thickening or elevation of the integument with rows of uncini or hooks along the center. See Illust. under Tubicolæ.

3. (Bot.) The receptacle, or part of the flower on which the carpels stand.

4. (Geom.) See 3d Tore, 2.

Torved (?), a. Stern; grim. See Torvous. [Obs.]

But yesterday his breath
Awed Rome, and his least torved frown was death.
J. Webster (1654).

Tor"vi*ty (?), a. [L. torvitas. See Torvous.] Sourness or severity of countenance; sterness. [Obs.]

Tor"vous (?), a. [L. torvus. ] Sour of aspect; of a severe countenance; stern; grim. [Obs.]

That torvous, sour look produced by anger.
Derham.

To"ry (?), n.; pl. Tories (#). [ Properly used of the Irish bogtrotters who robbed and plundered during the English civil wars, professing to be in sympathy with the royal cause; hence transferred to those who sought to maintain the extreme prerogatives of the crown; probably from Ir. toiridhe, tor, a pursuer; akin to Ir. & Gael. toir a pursuit.] 1. (Eng.Politics) A member of the conservative party, as opposed to the progressive party which was formerly called the Whig, and is now called the Liberal, party; an earnest supporter of exsisting royal and ecclesiastical authority.

&fist; The word Tory first occurs in English history in 1679, during the struggle in Parliament occasioned by the introduction of the bill for the exclusion of the duke of York from the line of succession, and was applied by the advocates of the bill to its opponents as a title of obloquy or contempt. The Tories subsequently took a broader ground, and their leading principle became the maintenance of things as they were. The name, however, has for several years ceased to designate an existing party, but is rather applied to certain traditional maxims of public policy. The political successors of the Tories are now commonly known as Conservatives. New Am. Cyc.

2. (Amer. Hist.) One who, in the time of the Revolution, favored submitting tothe claims of Great Britain against the colonies; an adherent tothe crown.

To"ry (?), a. Of ro pertaining to the Tories.

To"ry*ism (?), n. The principles of the Tories.

To*scat"ter (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + scatter.] To scatter in pieces; to divide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tose (?), v. t. [ See Touse ] To tease, or comb, as wool. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.]

Tosh (?), a. [Cf. OF. tonce shorn, clipped, and E. tonsure.] Neat; trim. [Scot.] Jomieson.

To*shred" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + shred. ] To cut into shreads or pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Toss (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tossed (&?;); (less properly Tost ); p. pr. & vb. n. Tossing.] [ W. tosiaw, tosio, to jerk, toss, snatch, tosa quick jerk, a toss, a snatch. ] 1. To throw with the hand; especially, to throw with the palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward; as, to toss a ball.

2. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as, to toss the head.

He tossed his arm aloft, and proudly told me,
He would not stay.
Addison.

3. To cause to rise and fall; as, a ship tossed on the waves in a storm.

We being exceedingly tossed with a tempeat.
Act xxvii. 18.

4. To agitate; to make restless.

Calm region once,
And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent.
Milton.

5. Hence, to try; to harass.

Whom devils fly, thus is he tossed of men.
Herbert.

6. To keep in play; to tumble over; as, to spend four years in tossing the rules of grammar. [Obs.] Ascham.

To toss off, to drink hastily. -- To toss the cars.See under Oar, n.

Toss, v. i. 1. To roll and tumble; to be in violent commotion; to write; to fling.

To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enreges our pain.
Tillotson.

2. To be tossed, as a fleet on the ocean. Shak.

To toss for, to throw dice or a coin to determine the possession of; to gamble for. -- To toss up, to throw a coin into the air, and wager on which side it will fall, or determine a question by its fall. Bramsion.

Toss, n. 1. A throwing upward, or with a jerk; the act of tossing; as, the toss of a ball.

2. A throwing up of the head; a particular manner of raising the head with a jerk. Swift.

Tos"sel (?), n. See Tassel.

Toss"er (?), n. Ohe who tosser. J. Fletcher.

Toss"i*ly (?), adv. In a tossy manner. [R.]

Toss"ing, n. 1. The act of throwing upward; a rising and falling suddenly; a rolling and tumbling.

2. (Mining) (a) A process which consists in washing ores by violent agitation in water, in order to separate the lighter or earhy particles; -- called also tozing, and treloobing, in Cornwall. Pryce. (b) A process for refining tin by dropping it through the air while melted.

Toss"pot` (?), n. A toper; one habitually given to strong drink; a drunkard. Shak.

Toss"y (?), a. Tossing the head, as in scorn or pride; hence, proud; contemptuous; scornful; affectedly indifferent; as, a tossy commonplace. [R.] C. Kingsley.

Tost (?), imp. & p. p. of Toss.

||Tos"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Quick; rapid.

||Pui tosto (&?;) [It.] (Mus.), faster; more rapid.

To*swink" (?), v. i. [Pref. to- + swink.] To labor excessively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tot (?), n. [Cf. Toddle, Tottle, Totter.] 1. Anything small; -- frequently applied as a term of endearment to a little child.

2. A drinking cup of small size, holding about half a pint. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.

3. A foolish fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

To"ta (?), n. [From the native name in Egypt.] (Zoöl.) The grivet.

To"tal (?), a. [F., fr. LL. totalis, fr. L. tolus all,whole. Cf. Factotum, Surtout, Teetotum.] Whole; not divided; entire; full; complete; absolute; as, a total departure from the evidence; a total loss. " Total darkness." "To undergo myself the total crime." Milton.

Total abstinence. See Abstinence, n., 1. -- Total depravity. (Theol.) See Original sin, under Original.

Whole; entire; complete. See Whole.

To"tal, n. The whole; the whole sum or amount; as, these sums added make the grand total of five millions.

To*tal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. totalite, LL. totalitas.] 1. The quality or state of being total; as, the totality of an eclipse.

2. The whole sum; the whole quantity or amount; the entirety; as, the totalityof human knowledge. Buckle.

The totality of a sentence or passage.
Coleridge.

To"tal*ize (?), v. t. To make total, or complete;to reduce to completeness. Coleridge.

To"tal*ly, adv. In a total manner; wholly; entirely.

To"tal*ness, n. The quality or state of being total; entireness; totality.

Tote (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toted; p. pr. & vb. n. Toting.] [Said to be of African origin.] To carry or bear; as, to tote a child over a stream; -- a colloquial word of the Southern States, and used esp. by negroes.

Tote, n. [L. totum, fr. totus all, whole.] The entire body, or all; as, the whole tote. [Colloq.]

To*tear" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + tear. ] To tear or rend in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

To"tem (?), n. [Massachusetts Indian wutohtimoin that to which a person or place belongs.] A rude picture, as of a bird, beast, or the like, used by the North American Indians as a symbolic designation, as of a family or a clan.

And they painted on the grave posts
Of the graves, yet unforgotten,
Each his own ancestral totem
Each the symbol of his household;
Figures of the bear and reindeer,
Of the turtle, crane, and beaver.
Longfellow.

The totem,the clan deity, the beast or bird who in some supernatural way attends to the clan and watches over it.
Bagehot.

To*tem"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a totem, or totemism.

To"tem*ism (?), n. 1. The system of distinguishing families, clans, etc., in a tribe by the totem.

2. Superstitious regard for a totem; the worship of any real or imaginary object; nature worship. Tylor.

To"tem*ist, n. One belonging to a clan or tribe having a totem. -- To`tem*is"tic (#), a.

Tot"er (?), n. [See Tote to carry.] (Zoöl.) The stone roller. See Stone roller (a), under Stone.

T'oth"er (?). A colloquial contraction of the other, and formerly a contraction for that other. See the Note under That, 2.

The tothir that was crucifield with him.
Wyclif(John xix. 32)

To`ti*pal"mate (?), a. [L. totus all, whole + E. palmate.] (Zoöl.) Having all four toes united by a web; -- said of certain sea birds, as the pelican and the gannet. See Illust. under Aves.

||To`ti*pal"mi (?), n. pl. [NL.,from L. totus all, whole + palmus palm.] (Zoöl.) A division of swimming birds including those that have totipalmate feet.

To`ti*pres"ence (?), n. [L. totus all, whole + E. presence.] Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker.

To`ti*pres"ent (?), a. [L. totus all, whole + E. present.] Omnipresent. [Obs.] A. Tucker.

Tot"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tottering.] [Probably for older tolter; cf. AS. tealtrian to totter, vacillate. Cf.Tilt to incline, Toddle, Tottle, Totty.] 1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; to be unsteady; to stagger; as, an old man totters with age. "As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence." Ps. lxii. 3.

2. To shake; to reel; to lean; to waver.

Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall.
Dryden.

Tot"ter*er (?), n. One who totters.

Tot"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a tottering manner.

Tot"ter*y (?), a. Trembling or vaccilating, as if about to fall; unsteady; shaking. Johnson.

Tot"tle (t&obreve;t"t'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tottling.] [See Toddle, Totter.] To walk in a wavering, unsteady manner; to toddle; to topple. [Colloq.]

Tot"tlish (-tl&ibreve;sh), a. Trembling or tottering, as if about to fall; unsteady. [Colloq. U. S.]

Tot"ty (?), a. [OE. toti. Cf. Totter.] Unsteady; dizzy; tottery. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Sir W. Scott.

For yet his noule [head] was totty of the must.
Spenser.

Tot"y (?), a. Totty. [Obs.]

My head is toty of my swink to-night.
Chaucer.

To"ty (?), n. A sailor or fisherman; -- so called in some parts of the Pacific.

Tou"can (t&oomac;"kăn; 277), n. [F., fr. Pg. tucano; from Brazilian name. ] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of fruit-eating birds of tropical America belonging to Ramphastos, Pteroglossus, and allied genera of the family Ramphastidæ. They have a very large, but light and thin, beak, often nearly as long as the body itself. Most of the species are brilliantly colored with red, yellow, white, and black in striking contrast.

2. (Astronom.) A modern constellation of the southern hemisphere.

Tou"can*et (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small toucan.

Touch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Touched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Touching.] [F. toucher, OF. touchier, tuchier; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. zucchen, zukken, to twitch, pluck, draw, G. zukken, zukken, v. intens. fr. OHG. ziohan to draw, G. ziehen, akin to E. tug. See Tuck, v. t., Tug, and cf. Tocsin, Toccata.] 1. To come in contact with; to hit or strike lightly against; to extend the hand, foot, or the like, so as to reach or rest on.

Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear
Touched lightly.
Milton.

2. To perceive by the sense of feeling.

Nothing but body can be touched or touch.
Greech.

3. To come to; to reach; to attain to.

The god, vindictive, doomed them never more-
Ah, men unblessed! -- to touch their natal shore.
Pope.

4. To try; to prove, as with a touchstone. [Obs.]

Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed.
Shak.

5. To relate to; to concern; to affect.

The quarrel toucheth none but us alone.
Shak.

6. To handle, speak of, or deal with; to treat of.

Storial thing that toucheth gentilesse.
Chaucer.

7. To meddle or interfere with; as, I have not touched the books. Pope.

8. To affect the senses or the sensibility of; to move; to melt; to soften.

What of sweet before
Hath touched my sense, flat seems to this and harsh.
Milton.

The tender sire was touched with what he said.
Addison.

9. To mark or delineate with touches; to add a slight stroke to with the pencil or brush.

The lines, though touched but faintly, are drawn right.
Pope.

10. To infect; to affect slightly. Bacon.

11. To make an impression on; to have effect upon.

Its face . . . so hard that a file will not touch it.
Moxon.

12. To strike; to manipulate; to play on; as, to touch an instrument of music.

[They] touched their golden harps.
Milton.

13. To perform, as a tune; to play.

A person is the royal retinue touched a light and lively air on the flageolet.
Sir W. Scott.

14. To influence by impulse; to impel forcibly. " No decree of mine, . . . [to] touch with lightest moment of impulse his free will," Milton.

15. To harm, afflict, or distress.

Let us make a covenant with thee, that thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee.
Gen. xxvi. 28, 29.

16. To affect with insanity, especially in a slight degree; to make partially insane; -- rarely used except in the past participle.

She feared his head was a little touched.
Ld. Lytton.

17. (Geom.) To be tangent to. See Tangent, a.

18. To lay a hand upon for curing disease.

To touch a sail (Naut.), to bring it so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes. -- To touch the wind (Naut.), to keep the ship as near the wind as possible. -- To touch up, to repair; to improve by touches or emendation.

Touch (?), v. i. 1. To be in contact; to be in a state of junction, so that no space is between; as, two spheres touch only at points. Johnson.

2. To fasten; to take effect; to make impression. [R.]

Strong waters pierce metals, and will touch upon gold, that will not touch upon silver.
Bacon.

3. To treat anything in discourse, especially in a slight or casual manner; -- often with on or upon.

If the antiquaries have touched upon it, they immediately
quitted it.
Addison.

4. (Naut) To be brought, as a sail, so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes.

To touch and go (Naut.), to touch bottom lightly and without damage, as a vessel in motion. -- To touch at, to come or go to, without tarrying; as, the ship touched at Lisbon. -- To touch on or upon, to come or go to for a short time. [R.]

I made a little voyage round the lake, and touched on the several towns that lie on its coasts.
Addison.

Touch, n. [Cf. F. touche. See Touch, v. ] 1. The act of touching, or the state of being touched; contact.

Their touch affrights me as a serpent's sting.
Shak.

2. (Physiol.) The sense by which pressure or traction exerted on the skin is recognized; the sense by which the properties of bodies are determined by contact; the tactile sense. See Tactile sense, under Tactile.

The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine.
Pope.

&fist; Pure tactile feelings are necessarily rare, since temperature sensations and muscular sensations are more or less combined with them. The organs of touch are found chiefly in the epidermis of the skin and certain underlying nervous structures.

3. Act or power of exciting emotion.

Not alone
The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches,
Do strongly speak to us.
Shak.

4. An emotion or affection.

A true, natural, and a sensible touch of mercy.
Hooker.

5. Personal reference or application. [Obs.]

Speech of touch toward others should be sparingly used.
Bacon.

6. A stroke; as, a touch of raillery; a satiric touch; hence, animadversion; censure; reproof.

I never bare any touch of conscience with greater regret.
Eikon Basilike.

7. A single stroke on a drawing or a picture.

Never give the least touch with your pencil till you have well examined your design.
Dryden.

8. Feature; lineament; trait.

Of many faces, eyes, and hearts,
To have the touches dearest prized.
Shak.

9. The act of the hand on a musical instrument; bence, in the plural, musical notes.

Soft stillness and the night
Become the touches of sweet harmony.
Shak.

10. A small quantity intermixed; a little; a dash.

Eyes La touch of Sir Peter Lely in them.
Hazlitt.

Madam, I have a touch of your condition.
Shak.

11. A hint; a suggestion; slight notice.

A small touch will put him in mind of them.
Bacon.

12. A slight and brief essay. [Colloq.]

Print my preface in such form as, in the booksellers' phrase, will make a sixpenny touch.
Swift.

13. A touchstone; hence, stone of the sort used for touchstone. [Obs.] " Now do I play the touch." Shak.

A neat new monument of touch and alabaster.
Fuller.

14. Hence, examination or trial by some decisive standard; test; proof; tried quality.

Equity, the true touch of all laws.
Carew.

Friends of noble touch .
Shak.

15. (Mus.) The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers; as, a heavy touch, or a light touch; also, the manner of touching, striking, or pressing the keys of a piano; as, a legato touch; a staccato touch.

16. (Shipbilding) The broadest part of a plank worked top and but (see Top and but, under Top, n.), or of one worked anchor-stock fashion (that is, tapered from the middle to both ends); also, the angles of the stern timbers at the counters. J. Knowles.

17. (Football) That part of the field which is beyond the line of flags on either side. Encyc. of Rural Sports.

18. A boys' game; tag.

In touch (Football), outside of bounds. T. Hughes. -- To be in touch, to be in contact, or in sympathy. -- To keep touch. (a) To be true or punctual to a promise or engagement [Obs.]; hence, to fulfill duly a function.

My mind and senses keep touch and time.
Sir W. Scott.

(b) To keep in contact; to maintain connection or sympathy; -- with with or of. -- Touch and go, a phrase descriptive of a narrow escape. -- True as touch (i. e., touchstone), quite true. [Obs.]

Touch"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being touched; tangible. -- Touch"a*ble*ness, n.

Touch"back` (?), n. (G) The act of touching the football down by a player behind his own goal line when it received its last impulse from an opponent; -- distinguished from safety touchdown.

Touch"-box` (?), n. A box containing lighted tinder, formerly carried by soldiers who used matchlocks, to kindle the match.

Touch"down` (?), n. (Football) The act of touching the football down behind the opponents' goal .

Safety touchdown. See under Safety.

Touch"hole` (?), n. The vent of a cannot or other firearm, by which fire is communicateed to the powder of the charge.

Touch"i*ly (?), adv. In a touchy manner.

Touch"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being touchy peevishness; irritability; irascibility.

Touch"ing (?), a. Affecting; moving; pathetic; as, a touching tale. -- Touch"ing*ly (#), adv.

Touch"ing, prep. Concerning; with respect to.

Now, as touching things offered unto idols.
1 Cor. viii. 1.

Touch"ing, n. The sense or act of feeling; touch.

Touch"-me-not` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Impatiens. (b) Squirting cucumber. See under Cucumber.

Touch"-nee`dle (?), n. (Metal.) A small bar of gold and silver, either pure, or alloyed in some known proportion with copper, for trying the purity of articles of gold or silver by comparison of the streaks made by the article and the bar on a touchstone.

Touch"-pa`per (?), n. Paper steeped in saltpeter, which burns slowly, and is used as a match for firing gunpowder, and the like.

Touch"stone` (?), n. 1. (Min.) Lydian stone; basanite; -- so called because used to test the purity of gold and silver by the streak which is left upon the stone when it is rubbed by the metal. See Basanite.

2. Fig.: Any test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried. Hooker.

The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits.
South.

Irish touchstone (Min.), basalt, the stone which composes the Giant's Causeway.

Touch"wood` (?), n. [Probably for tachwood; OE. tache tinder (of uncertain origin) + wood.]

1. Wood so decayed as to serve for tinder; spunk, or punk.

2. Dried fungi used as tinder; especially, the Polyporus igniarius.

Touch"y (?), a. [For techy, tetchy.] Peevish; irritable; irascible; techy; apt to take fire. [Colloq.]

It may be said of Dryden that he was at no time touchy about personal attacks.
Saintsbury.

Tough (?), a. [Compar. Tougher (?); superl. Toughest.] [OE. tough, AS. tōh, akin to D. taai, LG. taa, tage, tau, OHG. zāhi, G. zähe, and also to AS. getenge near to, close to, oppressive, OS. bitengi.] 1. Having the quality of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to force without breaking; capable of resisting great strain; as, the ligaments of animals are remarkably tough. "Tough roots and stubs. " Milton.

2. Not easily broken; able to endure hardship; firm; strong; as, tough sinews. Cowper.

A body made of brass, the crone demands, . . .
Tough to the last, and with no toil to tire.
Dryden.

The basis of his character was caution combined with tough tenacity of purpose.
J. A. Symonds.

3. Not easily separated; viscous; clammy; tenacious; as, tough phlegm.

4. Stiff; rigid; not flexible; stubborn; as, a tough bow.

So tough a frame she could not bend.
Dryden.

5. Severe; violent; as, a tough storm. [Colloq.] " A tough debate. " Fuller.

To make it tough, to make it a matter of difficulty; to make it a hard matter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tough"-cake` (?), n. See Tough- pitch (b).

Tough"en (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Toughened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toughening.] To grow or make tough, or tougher.

Tough"-head` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The ruddy duck. [ Local U. S. ]

Tough"ish, a. Tough in a slight degree.

Tough"ly, adv. In a tough manner.

Tough"ness, n. The quality or state of being tough.

Tough"-pitch` (?), n. (Metal.) (a) The exact state or quality of texture and consistency of well reduced and refined copper. (b) Copper so reduced; -- called also tough-cake.

Tou"ite (?), n. The wood warbler. [Prov. Eng.]

{ Tou*pee" (?; 277), Tou*pet" (?; 277) } (?), n. [F. toupet, dim. of OF. top a tuft; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. top. See Top apex, and cf. Topet.]

1. A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair.

2. A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig.

Her powdered hair is turned backward over a toupee.
G. Eliot.

Tou"pet*tit (?), n. [See Topet, toupee.] (Zoöl.) The crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tour (?), n. [F. tour. See Tower.] A tower. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tour (?), n. [F. tour. See Turn, v. t.] 1. A going round; a circuit; hence, a journey in a circuit; a prolonged circuitous journey; a comprehensive excursion; as, the tour of Europe; the tour of France or England.

The bird of Jove stooped from his airy tour.
Milton.

2. A turn; a revolution; as, the tours of the heavenly bodies. [Obs.] Blackmore.

3. (Mil.) anything done successively, or by regular order; a turn; as, a tour of duty.

Syn. -- Journey; excursion. See Journey.

Tour (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Touring.] To make a tourm; as, to tour throught a country. T. Hughes.

Tou*ra"co (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Turacou.

Tour*bil"lion (?), n. [F. torbillion a whirlwind, tourbillion, fr. L. turbo, -inis, a whirl, whirlwind.] An ornamental firework which turns round, when in the air, so as to form a scroll of fire. G. Francis.

Tour"ist (?), n. One who makes a tour, or performs a journey in a circuit.

Tour"ma*line (?), n. [F. tourmaline, cf. It. turmalina, tormalina, NL. turmalina, turmalinus; all fr. tournamal, a name given to this stone in Ceylon.] (Min.) A mineral occurring usually in three-sided or six-sided prisms terminated by rhombohedral or scalenohedral planes. Black tourmaline (schorl) is the most common variety, but there are also other varieties, as the blue (indicolite), red (rubellite), also green, brown, and white. The red and green varieties when transparent are valued as jewels. [Written also turmaline .]

&fist; Crystals of tourmaline when heated exhibit electric polarity (see Pyroelectric, n.). Tourmaline is also used in the form of a polariscope called tourmaline tongs.

Tourn (?), n. [See Turn] 1. A spinning wheel. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (O.Eng.Law) The sheriff's turn, or court.

Tour"na*ment (?), n. [OE. turnement, tornement, OF. torneiement, tornoiement, F. tournoiement a turning or wheeling round. See Tourney.] 1. A mock fight, or warlike game, formerly in great favor, in which a number of combatants were engaged, as an exhibition of their address and bravery; hence, figuratively, a real battle. "In battle and in tourneyment." Chaucer.

With cruel tournament the squadrons join.
Milton.

&fist; It different from the joust, which was a trial of skill between one man and another.

2. Any contest of skill in which there are many contestents for championship; as, a chess tournament.

Tourn"er*y (?), n. Work turned on a lathe; turnery. [Obs.] See Turnery. Evelyn.

Tour"ney (?), n. [OF. tornei, tornoi, F. tournoi, fr. OF. torneier, tornoier, tournoier, to tit, to tourney, F. tournoyer to turn round and round. See Turn, v. t.] A tournament. Bacon.

At tilt or tourney or like warlike game.
Spenser.

We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn,
And there is scantly time for half the work.
Tennyson.

Tour"ney, v. i. [Cf.OF. torneier. See Tourney, n. ] To perform in tournaments; to tilt.

Well could he tourney, and in lists debate.
Spenser.

Tour"ni*quet (?), n. [F., fr. tourner to turn.] (Surg.) An instrument for arresting hemorrhage. It consists essentially of a pad or compress upon which pressure is made by a band which is tightened by a screw or other means.

||Tour`nois" (?), n. [F., belonging to Tours in France.] A former French money of account worth 20 sous, or a franc. It was thus called in distinction from the Paris livre, which contained 25 sous.

||Tour*nure" (?), n. [F., fr. tourner to turn.]

1. Turn; contour; figure.

2. Any device used by women to expand the skirt of a dress below the waist; a bustle.

{ Touse, Touze (?) }, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Toused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tousing.] [OE. tosen √64. See tease, and cf. Tose, Toze. ] To pull; to haul; to tear; to worry. [Prov. Eng.] Shak.

As a bear, whom angry curs have touzed.
Spenser.

Touse (?), n. A pulling; a disturbance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tous"el (?), v. t. Same as Tousle. [Colloq.]

Tous"er (?), n. One who touses. [Prov. Eng.]

Tou"sle (?), v. t. [Freq. of touse. Cf.Tossle.] To put into disorder; to tumble; to touse. [Colloq.]

Tous`-les`-mois" (?), n. [F., all the months, i.e., every month.] A kind of starch with very large, oval, flattened grains, often sold as arrowroot, and extensively used for adulterating cocoa. It is made from the rootstocks of a species of Canna, probably C. edulis, the tubers of which are edible every month in the year.

Tout (t&oomac;t), v. i. [See 1st Toot.] 1. To act as a tout. See 2d Tout. [Cant. Eng.]

2. To ply or seek for customers. [Prov. Eng.]

Tout, n. One who secretly watches race horses which are in course of training, to get information about their capabilities, for use in betting. [Cant. Eng.]

Tout, v. i. [See 3d Toot. ] To toot a horn.

Tout, n. The anus. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Tout`-en`sem"ble (?), n. [F.] All together; hence, in costume, the fine arts, etc., the general effect of a work as a whole, without regard to the execution of the separate perts.

Tout"er (?), n. One who seeks customers, as for an inn, a public conveyance, shops, and the like: hence, an obtrusive candidate for office. [Colloq.]

The prey of ring droppers, . . . duffers, touters, or any of those bloodless sharpers who are, perhaps, better known to the police.
Dickens.

Touze (?), v.t & i. See Touse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tow (?), n. [OE. tow, AS. tow, akin to OD. touw, Icel. &?; a tuft of wool for spinning; cf. E. taw, v.t.] The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer part by the hatchel or swingle.

Tow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Towed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Towing.] [OE. towen, to&?;en; akin to OFries. toga to pull about, OHG. zogōn, Icel. toga, AS. tohline a towline, and AS.teón to draw, p. p. getogen. See Tug] To draw or pull through the water, as a vessel of any kind, by means of a rope.

Tow (?), n. [Cf. Icel. taug a rope, from the same root as E. tow, v. t.] 1. A rope by which anything is towed; a towline, or towrope.

2. The act of towing, or the state of being towed; --chiefly used in the phrase, to take in tow, that is to tow.

3. That which is towed, or drawn by a towline, as a barge, raft, collection of boats, ect.

Tow"age (?), n. [From Tow, v. Cf. F. touage.] 1. The act of towing.

2. The price paid for towing.

Tow"all (?), n. A towel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ To"ward, To"wards } (?), prep.[AS. &?; impending, imminent, future, toward, &?; towards. See To, and -ward, wards.] 1. In the direction of; to.

He set his face toward the wilderness.
Num. xxiv. 1.

The waves make towards\'b6 the pebbled shore.
Shak.

2. With direction to, in a moral sense; with respect or reference to; regarding; concerning.

His eye shall be evil toward his brother.
Deut. xxviii. 54.

Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offense toward God, and toward men.
Acts xxiv. 16.

3. Tending to; in the direction of; in behalf of.

This was the first alarm England received towards any trouble.
Clarendom.

4. Near; about; approaching to.

I am toward nine years older since I left you.
Swift.

{ To"ward, To"wards } adv. Near; at hand; in state of preparation.

Do you hear sught, sir, of a battle toward ?
Shak.

We have a trifling foolish banquet Towards.
Shak.

To"ward (?), a. [AS. &?;. See Toward, prep.] 1. Approaching; coming near. "His toward peril." Spenser.

2. Readly to do or learn; compliant with duty; not froward; apt; docile; tractable; as, a toward youth.

3. Ready to act; forward; bold; valiant.

Why, that is spoken like a toward prince.
Shak.

To"ward*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being towardly; docility; tractableness.

The beauty and towardliness of these children moved her brethren to envy.
Sir W. Raleigh.

To"ward*ly, a. Same as Toward, a., 2.

He's towardly and will come on apace.
Dryden.

To"ward*ness, n. Quality or state of being toward.

To"wards (&?;), prep. & adv. See Toward.

Tow"boat` (?), n. 1. A vessel constructed for being towed, as a canal boat.

2. A steamer used for towing other vessels; a tug.

Tow"el (?), n. [OE. towaille, towail, F. touaille, LL. toacula, of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. dwahila, swahilla, G. zwehle, fr. OHG. dwahan to wash; akin to D. dwaal a towel, AS. þweán to wash, OS. thwahan, Icel. þvā, Sw. två, Dan. toe, Goth. þwahan. Cf. Doily.] A cloth used for wiping, especially one used for drying anything wet, as the person after a bath.

Towel gourd (Bot.), the fruit of the cucurbitaceous plant Luffa Ægyptiaca; also, the plant itself. The fruit is very fibrous, and, when separated from its rind and seeds, is used as a sponge or towel. Called also Egyptian bath sponge, and dishcloth.

Tow"el, v. t. To beat with a stick. [Prov. Eng.]

Tow"el*ing, n. Cloth for towels, especially such as is woven in long pieces to be cut at will, as distinguished from that woven in towel lengths with borders, etc. [Written also towelling.]

Tow"er (?), n. [OE. tour,tor,tur, F. tour, L. turris; akin to Gr. &?;; cf. W. twr a tower, Ir. tor a castle, Gael. torr a tower, castle. Cf. Tor, Turret.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A mass of building standing alone and insulated, usually higher than its diameter, but when of great size not always of that proportion. (b) A projection from a line of wall, as a fortification, for purposes of defense, as a flanker, either or the same height as the curtain wall or higher. (c) A structure appended to a larger edifice for a special purpose, as for a belfry, and then usually high in proportion to its width and to the height of the rest of the edifice; as, a church tower.

2. A citadel; a fortress; hence, a defense.

Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy.
Ps. lxi. 3.

3. A headdress of a high or towerlike form, fashionable about the end of the seventeenth century and until 1715; also, any high headdress.

Lay trains of amorous intrigues
In towers, and curls, and periwigs.
Hudibras.

4. High flight; elevation. [Obs.] Johnson.

Gay Lussac's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the sulphuric acid process, to absorb (by means of concentrated acid) the spent nitrous fumes that they may be returned to the Glover's tower to be reemployed. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Glover's tower, below. -- Glover's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, to condense the crude acid and to deliver concentrated acid charged with nitrous fumes. These fumes, as a catalytic, effect the conversion of sulphurous to sulphuric acid. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Gay Lussac's tower, above. -- Round tower. See under Round, a. -- Shot tower. See under Shot. -- Tower bastion (Fort.), a bastion of masonry, often with chambers beneath, built at an angle of the interior polygon of some works. -- Tower mustard (Bot.), the cruciferous plant Arabis perfoliata. -- Tower of London, a collection of buildings in the eastern part of London, formerly containing a state prison, and now used as an arsenal and repository of various objects of public interest.

Tow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. towered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. towering.] To rise and overtop other objects; to be lofty or very high; hence, to soar.

On the other side an high rock towered still.
Spenser.

My lord protector's hawks do tower so well.
Shak.

Tow"er, v. t. To soar into. [Obs.] Milton.

Tow"ered (?), a. Adorned or defended by towers.

Towered cities please us then.
Milton.

Tow"er*ing (?), a. 1. Very high; elevated; rising aloft; as, a towering height. Pope.

2. Hence, extreme; violent; surpassing.

A man agitated by a towering passion.
Sir W. Scott.

Tow"er*y (?), a. Having towers; adorned or defended by towers. [R.] "Towery cities." Pope.

Tow"-head` (?), n. 1. An urchin who has soft, whitish hair. [Colloq.]

2. (Zoöl.) The hooded merganser. [ Local, U. S. ]

To*whee" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The chewink.

To*wil"ly (?), n. (Zoöl.) The sanderling; -- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

Tow"line` (?), n. [AS. tohline. See Tow, v. t., and Line. ] (Naut.) A line used to tow vessels; a towrope.

Town (?), n. [OE. toun, tun, AS. tun inclosure, fence, village, town; akin to D. tuin a garden, G. zaun a hadge, fence, OHG. zun, Icel. tun an inclosure, homestead, house, Ir. & Gael. dun a fortress, W. din. Cf. Down, adv. & prep., Dune, tine to inclose.] 1. Formerly: (a) An inclosure which surrounded the mere homestead or dwelling of the lord of the manor. [Obs.] (b) The whole of the land which constituted the domain. [Obs.] (c) A collection of houses inclosed by fences or walls. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

2. Any number or collection of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. [Eng.] Johnson.

3. Any collection of houses larger than a village, and not incorporated as a city; also, loosely, any large, closely populated place, whether incorporated or not, in distinction from the country, or from rural communities.

God made the country, and man made the town.
Cowper.

4. The body of inhabitants resident in a town; as, the town voted to send two representatives to the legislature; the town voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways.

5. A township; the whole territory within certain limits, less than those of a country. [U. S.]

6. The court end of London;-- commonly with the.

7. The metropolis or its inhabitants; as, in winter the gentleman lives in town; in summer, in the country.

Always hankering after the diversions of the town.
Addison.

Stunned with his giddy larum half the town.
Pope.

&fist; The same form of expressions is used in regard to other populous towns.

8. A farm or farmstead; also, a court or farmyard. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

&fist; Town is often used adjectively or in combination with other words; as, town clerk, or town-clerk; town- crier, or town crier; townhall, town-hall, or town hall; townhouse, town house, or town- house.

Syn. -- Village; hamlet. See Village.

Town clerk, an office who keeps the records of a town, and enters its official proceedings. See Clerk. -- Town cress (Bot.), the garden cress, or peppergrass. Dr. Prior. -- Town house. (a) A house in town, in distinction from a house in the country. (b) See Townhouse. -- Town meeting, a legal meeting of the inhabitants of a town entitled to vote, for the transaction of public bisiness. [U. S.] -- Town talk, the common talk of a place; the subject or topic of common conversation.

Town"-cri`er (?), n. A town officer who makes proclamations to the people; the public crier of a town.

Towned (?), a. Having towns; containing many towns. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

Town"hall` (?), n. A public hall or building, belonging to a town, where the public offices are established, the town council meets, the people assemble in town meeting, etc.

Town"house` (?), n. A building devoted to the public used of a town; a townhall.

Town"ish, a. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; like the town. [R.] Turbervile.

Town"less, a. Having no town. Howell.

Town"let (?), n. A small town. North Brit. Rev.

Towns"folk` (?), n. The people of a town; especially, the inhabitants of a city, in distinction from country people; townspeople.

Town"ship (?), n. 1. The district or territory of a town.

&fist; In the United States, many of the States are divided into townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such townships are invested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads and providing for the poor. The township is subordinate to the county.

2. In surveys of the public land of the United States, a division of territory six miles square, containing 36 sections.

3. In Canada, one of the subdivisions of a county.

Towns"man (tounz"man), n.; pl. Townsmen (-m&et;n).

1. An inhabitant of a town; one of the same town with another. Pope.

2. A selectman, in New England. See Selectman.

Towns"peo`ple (?), n. The inhabitants of a town or city, especially in distinction from country people; townsfolk.

{ Town"ward, Town"wards (?), } (?), adv. Toward a town. Longfellow.

Tow"path` (?), n. A path traveled by men or animals in towing boats; -- called also towing path.

Tow"rope` (?), n. A rope used in towing vessels.

Tow"ser (tou"z&etilde;r), n. [See Touse to pull about. ] A familiar name for a dog. [ Written also Towzer. ]

Tow"y (tō"&ybreve;), a. Composed of, or like, tow.

||Tox*æ"mi*a (t&obreve;ks"ē"m&ibreve;*&adot;), a. [NL., fr. Gr. toxiko`n poison + a"i^ma blood.] (Med.) Blood poisoning. See under Blood.

{ Tox"ic, Tox"ic*al } (?), a. [L. toxicum poison, originally, a poison in which arrows were dipped, Gr. toxiko`n (sc. &?;) poison for smearing arrows with, fr. toxiko`s of or for the bow, from to`xon bow, arrow. Cf. Intoxicate.] Of or pertaining to poison; poisonous; as, toxic medicines.

Tox"i*cant (?), n. A poisonous agent or drug, as opium; an intoxicant.

Tox`i*co*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf.F. toxicologique. ] Of or pertaining to toxicology. -- Tox`i*co*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Tox`i*col"o*gist (?), n. One versed in toxicology; the writer of a treatise on poisons.

Tox`i*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. toxiko`n poison + -logy; cf. F. toxicologie. See Toxic. ] The science which treats of poisons, their effects, antidotes, and recognition; also, a discourse or treatise on the science.

Tox`i*co*ma"ni*a (?), n. [See. Toxic, and Mania.] 1. (Med.) Toxiphobia. A. S. Taylor.

2. (Med.) An insane desire for intoxicating or poisonous drugs, as alcohol or opium. B. W. Richardson.

||Tox*if"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. to`xon a bow + L. ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.) Same as Toxoglossa.

{ Tox"in, Tox"ine } (?), n. [Gr. toxiko`n. See Toxic. ] A poisonous product formed by pathogenic bacteria, as a toxic proteid or poisonous ptomaine.
[1913 Webster]

||Tox`i*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. toxiko`n poison + fo`bos fear.] (Med.) An insane or greatly exaggerated dread of poisons.

Tox"o*don (?), n. [Gr. to`xon a bow + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Paleon.) A gigantic extinct herbivorous mammal from South America, having teeth bent like a bow. It is the type of the order Toxodonta.

||Tox`o*don"ta (?), n.pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of Mammalia found in the South American Tertiary formation. The incisor teeth were long and curved and provided with a persistent pulp. They are supposed to be related both to the rodents and ungulates. Called also Toxodontia.

||Tox`o*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. to`xon a bow + &?; tongue.] (Zoöl.) A division of marine gastropod mollusks in which the radula are converted into poison fangs. The cone shells (Conus), Pleurotoma, and Terebra, are examples. See Illust. of Cone, n., 4, Pleurotoma, and Terebra.

Tox*oph"i*lite (?), n. [Gr. to`xon a bow + filei^n to love.] A lover of archery; one devoted to archery.

||Tox"o*tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an archer.] (Zoöl.) A genus of fishes comprising the archer fishes. See Archer fish.

Toy (toi), n. [D. tuid tools, implements, stuff, trash, speeltuig playthings, toys; akin to G. zeug stuff, materials, MNG. ziuc, Icel. tygi gear; all ultimately from the root of E. tug, v. t.; cf. G. zeugen to beget, MHG. ziugen to beget, make ready, procure. See Tug, v. t.]

1. A plaything for children; a bawble. Cowper.

2. A thing for amusement, but of no real value; an article of trade of little value; a trifle.

They exchange for knives, glasses, and such toys, great abundance of gold and pearl.
Abr. Abbot.

3. A wild fancy; an odd conceit; idle sport; folly; trifling opinion.

To fly about playing their wanton toys.
Spenser.

What if a toy take'em in the heels now, and they all run away.
Beau. &Fl.

Nor light and idle toys my lines may vainly swell.
Drayton.

4. Amorous dalliance; play; sport; pastime. Milton.

To dally thus with death is no fit toy.
Spenser.

5. An old story; a silly tale. Shak.

6. [Probably the same word.] A headdress of linen or woolen, that hangs down over the shoulders, worn by old women of the lower classes; -- called also toy mutch. [Scot.] "Having, moreover, put on her clean toy, rokelay, and scarlet plaid." Sir W. Scott.

Toy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. toyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. toying.] To dally amorously; to trifle; to play.

To toy, to wanton, dally, smile and jest.
Shak.

Toy, v. t. To treat foolishly. [Obs.] E. Dering (1576).

To*year (?), adv. [To, prep. + year. ] This year. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Toy"er (?), n. One who toys; one who is full of trifling tricks; a trifler.

Toy"ful (?), a. Full of trifling play. [Obs.] Donne.

Toy"house` (?), n. A house for children to play in or to play with; a playhouse.

Toy"ing*ly (?), adv. In a toying manner.

Toy"ish, a. 1. Sportive; trifling; wanton.

2. Resembling a toy.

-- Toy"ish*ly, adv. -- Toy"ish*ness, n.

Toy"man (toi"man), n. One who deals in toys.

Toy"shop` (-sh&obreve;p`), n. A shop where toys are sold.

Toy"some (toi"sŭm), a. Disposed to toy; trifling; wanton. [R.] Ford.

Toze (?), v. t. To pull violently; to touse. [Obs.]

To"zy (?), a. [See Toze ] Soft, like wool that has been teased. -- To"zi*ness (#), n.

||Tra"be*a (?), n.; pl. Trabeæ (#). [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) A toga of purple, or ornamented with purple horizontal stripes. -- worn by kings, consuls, and augurs. Dr. W. Smith.

Tra"be*a`ted (?), a. (Arch.) Furnished with an entablature.

Tra`be*a"tion (?), n. [L. trabs, trabis, a beam, a timber.] (Arch.) Same as Entablature.

||Tra*bec"u*la (?), n.; pl. Trabeculæ (-lē). [L., a little beam.] (Anat.) A small bar, rod, bundle of fibers, or septal membrane, in the framework of an organ part.

Tra*bec"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a trabecula or trabeculæ; composed of trabeculæ.

Tra*bec"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Crossbarred, as the ducts in a banana stem.

Tra"bu (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Trubu.

Trace (?), n. [F. trais. pl. of trait. See Trait.] One of two straps, chains, or ropes of a harness, extending from the collar or breastplate to a whiffletree attached to a vehicle or thing to be drawn; a tug.

Trace, n. [F. trace. See Trace, v. t. ] 1. A mark left by anything passing; a track; a path; a course; a footprint; a vestige; as, the trace of a carriage or sled; the trace of a deer; a sinuous trace. Milton.

2. (Chem. & Min.) A very small quantity of an element or compound in a given substance, especially when so small that the amount is not quantitatively determined in an analysis; -- hence, in stating an analysis, often contracted to tr.

3. A mark, impression, or visible appearance of anything left when the thing itself no longer exists; remains; token; vestige.

The shady empire shall retain no trace
Of war or blood, but in the sylvan chase.
Pope.

4. (Descriptive Geom. & Persp.) The intersection of a plane of projection, or an original plane, with a coordinate plane.

5. (Fort.) The ground plan of a work or works.

Syn.-Vestige; mark; token. See Vestige.

Trace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. traced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tracing.] [OF. tracier, F. tracer, from (assumed) LL. tractiare, fr.L. tractus, p. p. of trahere to draw. Cf. Abstract, Attract, Contract, Portratt, Tract, Trail, Train, Treat. ] 1. To mark out; to draw or delineate with marks; especially, to copy, as a drawing or engraving, by following the lines and marking them on a sheet superimposed, through which they appear; as, to trace a figure or an outline; a traced drawing.

Some faintly traced features or outline of the mother and the child, slowly lading into the twilight of the woods.
Hawthorne.

2. To follow by some mark that has been left by a person or thing which has preceded; to follow by footsteps, tracks, or tokens. Cowper.

You may trace the deluge quite round the globe.
T. Burnet.

I feel thy power . . . to trace the ways
Of highest agents.
Milton.

3. Hence, to follow the trace or track of.

How all the way the prince on footpace traced.
Spenser.

4. To copy; to imitate.

That servile path thou nobly dost decline,
Of tracing word, and line by line.
Denham.

5. To walk over; to pass through; to traverse.

We do tracethis alley up and down.
Shak.

Trace, v. i. To walk; to go; to travel. [Obs.]

Not wont on foot with heavy arms to trace.
Spenser.

Trace"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being traced. -- Trace"a*ble*ness, n. -- Trace"a/bly, adv.

Tra"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, traces.

Tra"cer/y (?), n.; pl. Traceries (&?;) (Arch.) Ornamental work with rambled lines. Especially: -- (a) The decorative head of a Gothic window.

&fist; Window tracery is of two sorts, plate tracery and bar tracery. Plate tracery, common in Italy, consists of a series of ornamental patterns cut through a flat plate of stone. Bar tracery is a decorative pattern formed by the curves and intersections of the molded bars of the mullions. Window tracery is imitated in many decorative objects, as panels of wood or metal either pierced or in relief. See also Stump tracery under Stump, and Fan tracery under Fan.

(b) A similar decoration in some styles of vaulting, the ribs of the vault giving off the minor bars of which the tracery is composed.

Tra"che*a (?), n.; pl. Tracheæ (#). [NL.,from L. trachia, Gr. trachei^a (sc. &?; windpipe), from &?; rough, rugged: cf. F. trachée.]

1. (Anat.) The windpipe. See Illust. of Lung.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the respiratory tubes of insects and arachnids.

3. (Bot.) One of the large cells in woody tissue which have spiral, annular, or other markings, and are connected longitudinally so as to form continuous ducts.

Tra"che*al (?), a. [Cf.F. tracheal.] Of or pertaining to the trachea; like a trachea.

||Tra`che*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Arachnida including those that breathe only by means of tracheæ. It includes the mites, ticks, false scorpions, and harvestmen.

Tra"che*a*ry (?), a. Tracheal; breathing by means of tracheæ. -- n. (Zoöl.) One of the Trachearia.

||Tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) An extensive division of arthropods comprising all those which breathe by tracheæ, as distinguished from Crustacea, which breathe by means of branchiæ.

Tra"che*ate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Breathing by means of tracheæ; of or pertaining to the Tracheata.

Tra"che*ate, n. (Zoöl.) Any arthropod having tracheæ; one of the Tracheata.

Tra"che*id (?), n. (Bot.) A wood cell with spiral or other markings and closed throughout, as in pine wood.

||Tra`che*i"tis (?), n. [NL. See Trachea, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe.

Tra*chel"i*dan (?), n. [Gr. &?; neck.] (Zoöl.) Any one of a tribe of beetles (Trachelides) which have the head supported on a pedicel. The oil beetles and the Cantharides are examples.

Tra*chel"i*pod (?), n. [Gr.&?; neck + - pod:cf.F. trachelipode.] (Zoöl.) One of the Trachelipoda.

||Tra`che*lip"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Trachelipod.] (Zoöl.) An extensive artificial group of gastropods comprising all those which have a spiral shell and the foot attached to the base of the neck.

Tra`che*lip"o*dous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the foot united with the neck; of or pertaining to the Trachelipoda.

Tra`che*lo*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [Gr.&?; + E. tranchiate.] (Zoöl.) Having the gills situated upon the neck; -- said of certain mollusks.

Tra`che*lor"rha*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; neck + &?; to sew.] (Med.) The operation of sewing up a laceration of the neck of the uterus.

||Tra*chen"chy*ma (?), n. [NL.,fr. trachea + -enchyma as in E. parenchyma.] (Bot.) A vegetable tissue consisting of tracheæ.

||Tra`che*o*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. Tracheobranchlae (#). [NL. See Trachea, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.) One of the gill-like breathing organs of certain aquatic insect larvæ. They contain tracheal tubes somewhat similar to those of other insects.

Tra`che*o*bron"chi*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining both to the tracheal and bronchial tubes, or to their junction; -- said of the syrinx of certain birds.

Tra"che*o*cele (?), n. [Gr. &?; the windpipe + &?; a tumor: cf.F. tracheocele. ] (Med.) (a) Goiter. (b) A tumor containing air and communicating with the trachea. Morell Mackenzie.

||Tra`che*oph"o*næ (&?;), n. pl. [NL., from trachea + Gr. fonei^n to sound.] (Zoöl.) A group of passerine birds having the syrinx at the lower end of the trachea.

Tra`che*os"co*py (?), n. [Trachea + -scopy.] (Med.) Examination of the interior of the trachea by means of a mirror.

Tra`che*ot"o*my (?), n. [Trachea + Gr. &?; to cut: cf.F. tracheotomie.] (Surg.) The operation of making an opening into the windpipe.

Tra"chi*noid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of, pertaining to, or like, Trachinus, a genus of fishes which includes the weevers. See Weever.

||Tra*chi"tis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Tracheitis.

Tra`chy*car"pous (?), a. [Gr. &?; rough + &?; fruit.] (Bot.) Rough-fruited. Gray.

||Tra`chy*me*du"sæ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.Gr. &?; rough + medusa.] (Zoöl.) A division of acalephs in which the development is direct from the eggs, without a hydroid stage. Some of the species are parasitic on other medusæ.

Tra`chy*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. &?; rough + &?; seed.] (Bot.) Rough-seeded. Gray.

||Tra`chy*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; rough + stoma.] (Zoöl.) An order of tailed aquatic amphibians, including Siren and Pseudobranchus. They have anterior legs only, are eel-like in form, and have no teeth except a small patch on the palate. The external gills are persistent through life.

Tra"chyte (?), n. [Gr. &?; rough, rugged: cg. F. trachyte.] (Geol.) An igneous rock, usually light gray in color and breaking with a rough surface. It consists chiefly of orthoclase feldspar with sometimes hornblende and mica.

Tra*chyt"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. trachytique.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, trachyte.

Trach"y*toid (?), a. [Trachyte + - oid.] (Min.) Resembling trachyte; -- used to define the structure of certain rocks.

Tra"cing (?), n. 1. The act of one who traces; especially, the act of copying by marking on thin paper, or other transparent substance, the lines of a pattern placed beneath; also, the copy thus producted.

2. A regular path or track; a course.

Tracing cloth, Tracing paper, specially prepared transparent cloth or paper, which enables a drawing or print to be clearly seen through it, and so allows the use of a pen or pencil to produce a facsimile by following the lines of the original placed beneath.

Track (?), n. [OF. trac track of horses, mules, trace of animals; of Teutonic origin; cf.D. trek a drawing, trekken to draw, travel, march, MHG. trechen, pret. trach. Cf. Trick.] 1. A mark left by something that has passed along; as, the track, or wake, of a ship; the track of a meteor; the track of a sled or a wheel.

The bright track of his fiery car.
Shak.

2. A mark or impression left by the foot, either of man or beast; trace; vestige; footprint.

Far from track of men.
Milton.

3. (Zoöl.) The entire lower surface of the foot; -- said of birds, etc.

4. A road; a beaten path.

Behold Torquatus the same track pursue.
Dryden.

5. Course; way; as, the track of a comet.

6. A path or course laid out for a race, for exercise, etc.

7. (Railroad) The permanent way; the rails.

8. [Perhaps a mistake for tract.] A tract or area, as of land. [Obs.] "Small tracks of ground." Fuller.

Track scale, a railway scale. See under Railway.

Track, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tracked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tracking.] To follow the tracks or traces of; to pursue by following the marks of the feet; to trace; to trail; as, to track a deer in the snow.

It was often found impossible to track the robbers to their retreats among the hills and morasses.
Macaulay.

2. (Naut.) To draw along continuously, as a vessel, by a line, men or animals on shore being the motive power; to tow.

Track"age (?), n. The act of tracking, or towing, as a boat; towage.

Track"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, tracks or pursues, as a man or dog that follows game.

And of the trackers of the deer
Scarce half the lessening pack was near.
Sir W. Scott.

2. (Mus.) In the organ, a light strip of wood connecting (in path) a key and a pallet, to communicate motion by pulling.

Track"less, a. Having no track; marked by no footsteps; untrodden; as, a trackless desert.

To climb the trackless mountain all unseen.
Byron.

-- Track"less*ly, adv.- Track"less*ness, n.

Track"mas`ter (?), n. (Railroad) One who has charge of the track; -- called also roadmaster.

Track"-road` (?), n. A towing path.

Track"scout (?), n. See Trackschuyt.

Tract (?), n. [Abbrev.fr. tractate.] A written discourse or dissertation, generally of short extent; a short treatise, especially on practical religion.

The church clergy at that time writ the best collection of tracts against popery that ever appeared.
Swift.

Tracts for the Times. See Tractarian.

Tract, n. [L. tractus a drawing, train, track, course, tract of land, from trahere tractum, to draw. Senses 4 and 5 are perhaps due to confusion with track. See Trace,v., and cf. Tratt.] 1. Something drawn out or extended; expanse. "The deep tract of hell." Milton.

2. A region or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent; an area; as, an unexplored tract of sea.

A very high mountain joined to the mainland by a narrow tract of earth.
Addison.

3. Traits; features; lineaments. [Obs.]

The discovery of a man's self by the tracts of his countenance is a great weakness.
Bacon.

4. The footprint of a wild beast. [Obs.] Dryden.

5. Track; trace. [Obs.]

Efface all tract of its traduction.
Sir T. Browne.

But flies an eagle flight, bold, and forthon,
Leaving no tract behind.
Shak.

6. Treatment; exposition. [Obs.] Shak.

7. Continuity or extension of anything; as, the tract of speech. [Obs.] Older.

8. Continued or protracted duration; length; extent. "Improved by tract of time." Milton.

9. (R. C. Ch.) Verses of Scripture sung at Mass, instead of the Alleluia, from Septuagesima Sunday till the Saturday befor Easter; -- so called because sung tractim, or without a break, by one voice, instead of by many as in the antiphons.

Syn. -- Region; district; quarter; essay; treatise; dissertation.

Tract, v. t. To trace out; to track; also, to draw out; to protact. [Obs.] Spenser. B. Jonson.

Tract`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. tractabilitas: cf.F. tractabilite.] The quality or state of being tractable or docile; docility; tractableness.

Tract"a*ble (?), a. [L. tractabilis, fr, tractare to draw violently, to handle, treat. See Treat, v. t.] 1. Capable of being easily led, taught, or managed; docile; manageable; governable; as, tractable children; a tractable learner.

I shall find them tractable enough.
Shak.

2. Capable of being handled; palpable; practicable; feasible; as, tractable measures. [Obs.] Holder.

--Tract"a*ble*ness, n. -- Tract"a/bly, adv.

Trac*ta"ri*an (?), n. (Ch. of England) One of the writers of the Oxford tracts, called "Tracts for the Times," issued during the period 1833-1841, in which series of papers the sacramental system and authority of the Church, and the value of tradition, were brought into prominence. Also, a member of the High Church party, holding generally the principles of the Tractarian writers; a Puseyite.

Trac*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Tractarians, or their principles.

Trac*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. (Ch. of England) The principles of the Tractarians, or of those persons accepting the teachings of the "Tracts for the Times."

Tract"ate (?), n. [L. tractatus a touching, handling, treatise. See Tractable, and Tract a treatise, Treaty.] A treatise; a tract; an essay.

Agreeing in substance with Augustin's, from whose fourteenth Tractate on St. John the words are translated.
Hare.

Trac*ta"tion (?), n. [L. tractatio.] Treatment or handling of a subject; discussion. [Obs.]

A full tractation of the points controverted.
Bp. Hall.

Trac*ta"tor (?), n. [L., a handler.] One who writes tracts; specif., a Tractarian. [R.] C. Kingsley.

Tract"ile (?), a. [L. trahere, tractum, to draw.] Capable of being drawn out in length; ductile. Bacon.

Trac*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being tractile; ductility. Derham.

Trac"tion (?), n. [L. trahere, tractum, to draw: cf. F. traction.] 1. The act of drawing, or the state of being drawn; as, the traction of a muscle.

2. Specifically, the act of drawing a body along a plane by motive power, as the drawing of a carriage by men or horses, the towing of a boat by a tug.

3. Attraction; a drawing toward. [R.]

4. The adhesive friction of a wheel on a rail, a rope on a pulley, or the like. Knight.

Angle of traction (Mech.), the angle made with a given plane by the line of direction in which a tractive force acts. -- Traction engine, a locomotive for drawing vehicles on highways or in the fields.

Tract"ite (?), n. A Tractarian.

Trac*ti"tious (?), a. [See Tractate.] Treating of; handling. [R.]

Tract"ive (?), a. Serving to draw; pulling; attracting; as, tractive power.

Tract"or (?), n. [NL., from L. trahere, tractum, to draw.] 1. That which draws, or is used for drawing.

2. pl. (Med.) Two small, pointed rods of metal, formerly used in the treatment called Perkinism.

Trac`to*ra"tion (?), n. See Perkinism.

Tract"o*ry (?), n. [L. tractorius of drawing, fr. trahere, tractum, to draw.] (Geom.) A tractrix.

Tract"rix (?), n. [NL. See Tractor.] (Geom.) A curve such that the part of the tangent between the point of tangency and a given straight line is constant; -- so called because it was conceived as described by the motion of one end of a tangent line as the other end was drawn along the given line.

Trad (?), obs. imp. of Tread. Chaucer.

Trade (?), n. [Formerly, a path, OE. tred a footmark. See Tread, n. & v.] 1. A track; a trail; a way; a path; also, passage; travel; resort. [Obs.]

A postern with a blind wicket there was,
A common trade to pass through Priam's house.
Surrey.

Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes trade.
Spenser.

Or, I'll be buried in the king's highway,
Some way of common trade, where subjects' feet
May hourly trample on their sovereign's head.
Shak.

2. Course; custom; practice; occupation; employment. [Obs.] "The right trade of religion." Udall.

There those five sisters had continual trade.
Spenser.

Long did I love this lady,
Long was my travel, long my trade to win her.
Massinger.

Thy sin's not accidental but a trade.
Shak.

3. Business of any kind; matter of mutual consideration; affair; dealing. [Obs.]

Have you any further trade with us?
Shak.

4. Specifically: The act or business of exchanging commodities by barter, or by buying and selling for money; commerce; traffic; barter.

&fist; Trade comprehends every species of exchange or dealing, either in the produce of land, in manufactures, in bills, or in money; but it is chiefly used to denote the barter or purchase and sale of goods, wares, and merchandise, either by wholesale or retail. Trade is either foreign or domestic. Foreign trade consists in the exportation and importation of goods, or the exchange of the commodities of different countries. Domestic, or home, trade is the exchange, or buying and selling, of goods within a country. Trade is also by the wholesale, that is, by the package or in large quantities, generally to be sold again, or it is by retail, or in small parcels. The carrying trade is the business of transporting commodities from one country to another, or between places in the same country, by land or water.

5. The business which a person has learned, and which he engages in, for procuring subsistence, or for profit; occupation; especially, mechanical employment as distinguished from the liberal arts, the learned professions, and agriculture; as, we speak of the trade of a smith, of a carpenter, or mason, but not now of the trade of a farmer, or a lawyer, or a physician.

Accursed usury was all his trade.
Spenser.

The homely, slighted, shepherd's trade.
Milton.

I will instruct thee in my trade.
Shak.

6. Instruments of any occupation. [Obs.]

The house and household goods, his trade of war.
Dryden.

7. A company of men engaged in the same occupation; thus, booksellers and publishers speak of the customs of the trade, and are collectively designated as the trade.

8. pl. The trade winds.

9. Refuse or rubbish from a mine. [Prov. Eng.]

Syn. -- Profession; occupation; office; calling; avocation; employment; commerce; dealing; traffic.

Board of trade. See under Board. -- Trade dollar. See under Dollar. -- Trade price, the price at which goods are sold to members of the same trade, or by wholesale dealers to retailers. -- Trade sale, an auction by and for the trade, especially that of the booksellers. -- Trade wind, a wind in the torrid zone, and often a little beyond at, which blows from the same quarter throughout the year, except when affected by local causes; -- so called because of its usefulness to navigators, and hence to trade.

&fist; The general direction of the trade winds is from N. E. to S. W. on the north side of the equator, and from S. E. to N. W. on the south side of the equator. They are produced by the joint effect of the rotation of the earth and the movement of the air from the polar toward the equatorial regions, to supply the vacancy caused by heating, rarefaction, and consequent ascent of the air in the latter regions. The trade winds are principally limited to two belts in the tropical regions, one on each side of the equator, and separated by a belt which is characterized by calms or variable weather.

Trade (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traded; p. pr. & vb. n. Trading.] 1. To barter, or to buy and sell; to be engaged in the exchange, purchase, or sale of goods, wares, merchandise, or anything else; to traffic; to bargain; to carry on commerce as a business.

A free port, where nations . . . resorted with their goods and traded.
Arbuthnot.

2. To buy and sell or exchange property in a single instance.

3. To have dealings; to be concerned or associated; -- usually followed by with.

How did you dare to trade and traffic with Macbeth?
Shak.

Trade, v. t. To sell or exchange in commerce; to barter.

They traded the persons of men.
Ezek. xxvii. 13.

To dicker and to swop, to trade rifles and watches.
Cooper.

Trade, obs. imp. of Tread.

Trad"ed, a. Professional; practiced. [Obs.] Shak.

Trade"ful, a. Full of trade; busy in traffic; commercial. Spenser.

Trade"less, a. Having no trade or traffic. Young.

Trade"-mark` (?), n. A peculiar distinguishing mark or device affixed by a manufacturer or a merchant to his goods, the exclusive right of using which is recognized by law.

Trad"er (?), n. 1. One engaged in trade or commerce; one who makes a business of buying and selling or of barter; a merchant; a trafficker; as, a trader to the East Indies; a country trader.

2. A vessel engaged in the coasting or foreign trade.

||Trad`es*can"ti*a (?), n. (Bot.) A genus including spiderwort and Wandering Jew.

Trades"folk` (?), n. People employed in trade; tradesmen. [R.] Swift.

Trades"man (?), n.; pl. Tradesmen (&?;). 1. One who trades; a shopkeeper.

2. A mechanic or artificer; esp., one whose livelihood depends upon the labor of his hands. [U. S.] Burrill.

Trades"peo`ple (?), n. People engaged in trade; shopkeepers.

{ trades" un`ion (?), or Trade" un`ion }. An organized combination among workmen for the purpose of maintaining their rights, privileges, and interests with respect to wages, hours of labor, customs, etc.

{ Trades"-un`ion*ist, or Trade"-un`ion*ist }, n. A member of a trades union, or a supporter of trades unions.

Trades"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Tradeswomen (&?;). A woman who trades, or is skilled in trade.

Trad"ing (?), a. 1. Carrying on trade or commerce; engaged in trade; as, a trading company.

2. Frequented by traders. [R.] "They on the trading flood." Milton.

3. Venal; corrupt; jobbing; as, a trading politician.

Tra*di"tion (?), n. [OE. tradicioun, L. traditio, from tradere to give up, transmit. See Treason, Traitor.] 1. The act of delivering into the hands of another; delivery. "A deed takes effect only from the tradition or delivery." Blackstone.

2. The unwritten or oral delivery of information, opinions, doctrines, practices, rites, and customs, from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; the transmission of any knowledge, opinions, or practice, from forefathers to descendants by oral communication, without written memorials.

3. Hence, that which is transmitted orally from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; knowledge or belief transmitted without the aid of written memorials; custom or practice long observed.

Will you mock at an ancient tradition begun upon an honorable respect?
Shak.

Naught but tradition remains of the beautiful village of Grand-Pré.
Longfellow.

4. (Theol.) (a) An unwritten code of law represented to have been given by God to Moses on Sinai.

Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered.
Mark vii. 13.

(b) That body of doctrine and discipline, or any article thereof, supposed to have been put forth by Christ or his apostles, and not committed to writing.

Stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word or our epistle.
2 Thess. ii. 15.

Tradition Sunday (Eccl.), Palm Sunday; -- so called because the creed was then taught to candidates for baptism at Easter.

Tra*di"tion, v. t. To transmit by way of tradition; to hand down. [Obs.]

The following story is . . . traditioned with very much credit amongst our English Catholics.
Fuller.

Tra*di"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. traditionnel, LL. traditionalis.] 1. Of or pertaining to tradition; derived from tradition; communicated from ancestors to descendants by word only; transmitted from age to age without writing; as, traditional opinions; traditional customs; traditional expositions of the Scriptures.

2. Observant of tradition; attached to old customs; old-fashioned. [R.] Shak.

Tra*di"tion*al*ism (?), n. A system of faith founded on tradition; esp., the doctrine that all religious faith is to be based solely upon what is delivered from competent authority, exclusive of rational processes.

Tra*di"tion*al*ist (?), n. An advocate of, or believer in, traditionalism; a traditionist.

Tra*di"tion*al*ly, adv. In a traditional manner.

Tra*di"tion*a*ri*ly (?), adv. By tradition.

Tra*di"tion*a*ry (?), a. Traditional.

The reveries of the Talmud, a collection of Jewish traditionary interpolations.
Buckminster.

Tra*di"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Traditionaries (&?;). [Cf. F. traditionnare.] One, among the Jews, who acknowledges the authority of traditions, and explains the Scriptures by them.

{ Tra*di"tion*er (?), Tra*di"tion*ist, } n. [Cf. F. traditionniste.] One who adheres to tradition.

Trad"i*tive (?), a. [L. tradere, traditum, to transmit, give up: cf. F. traditif.] Transmitted or transmissible from father to son, or from age, by oral communication; traditional. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Suppose we on things traditive divide.
Dryden.

||Trad"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr. tradere, traditum. See Traitor.] (Eccl. Hist.) A deliverer; -- a name of infamy given to Christians who delivered the Scriptures, or the goods of the church, to their persecutors to save their lives. Milner.

Tra*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traduced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Traducing (?).] [L. traducere, traductum, to lead across, lead along, exhibit as a spectacle, disgrace, transfer, derive; trans across, over + ducere to lead: cf. F. traduire to transfer, translate, arraign, fr. L. traducere. See Duke.] 1. To transfer; to transmit; to hand down; as, to traduce mental qualities to one's descendants. [Obs.] Glanvill.

2. To translate from one language to another; as, to traduce and compose works. [Obs.] Golden Boke.

3. To increase or distribute by propagation. [Obs.]

From these only the race of perfect animals were propagated and traduced over the earth.
Sir M. Hale.

4. To draw away; to seduce. [Obs.]

I can forget the weakness
Of the traduced soldiers.
Beau. & Fl.

5. To represent; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to make an example of. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. To expose to contempt or shame; to represent as blamable; to calumniate; to vilify; to defame.

The best stratagem that Satan hath . . . is by traducing the form and manner of them [prayers], to bring them into contempt.
Hooker.

He had the baseness . . . to traduce me in libel.
Dryden.

Syn. -- To calumniate; vilify; defame; disparage; detract; depreciate; decry; slander.

Tra*duce"ment (?), n. The act of traducing; misrepresentation; ill-founded censure; defamation; calumny. [R.] Shak.

Tra*du"cent (?), a. [L. traducens, p. pr. of traducere. See Traduce.] Slanderous. [R.] Entick.

Tra*du"cer (?), n. 1. One who traduces; a slanderer; a calumniator. Bp. Hall.

2. One who derives or deduces. [Obs.] Fuller.

Tra*du"cian (?), n. A believer in traducianism.

Tra*du"cian*ism (?), n. (Theol.) The doctrine that human souls are produced by the act of generation; - - opposed to creationism, and infusionism.

Tra*du"ci*ble, a. 1. Capable of being derived or propagated. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. Capable of being traduced or calumniated. [R.]

Tra*du"cing*ly, adv. In a traducing manner; by traduction; slanderously.

Tra*duct" (?), v. t. [L. traducere, traductum. See Traduce.] To derive or deduce; also, to transmit; to transfer. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Tra*duct", n. That which is traducted; that which is transferred; a translation. [Obs.] Howell.

Tra*duc"tion (?), n. [L. traductio a transferring: cf. F. traduction translation. See Traduce.] 1. Transmission from one to another. [Obs.]

Traditional communication and traduction of truths.
Sir M. Hale.

2. Translation from one language to another. [Obs.]

3. Derivation by descent; propagation. [R.]

If by traduction came thy mind,
Our wonder is the less to find
A soul so charming from a stock so good.
Dryden.

4. The act of transferring; conveyance; transportation. [R.] "The traduction of brutes." Sir M. Hale.

5. Transition. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. (Logic) A process of reasoning in which each conclusion applies to just such an object as each of the premises applies to. Jevons.

Tra*duc"tive (?), a. Capable of being deduced; derivable. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Traf"fic (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trafficked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trafficking (?).] [F. trafiquer; cf. It. trafficare, Sp. traficar, trafagar, Pg. traficar, trafegar, trafeguear, LL. traficare; of uncertain origin, perhaps fr. L. trans across, over + -ficare to make (see -fy, and cf. G. übermachen to transmit, send over, e. g., money, wares); or cf. Pg. trasfegar to pour out from one vessel into another, OPg. also, to traffic, perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. vicare to exchange, from L. vicis change (cf. Vicar).] 1. To pass goods and commodities from one person to another for an equivalent in goods or money; to buy or sell goods; to barter; to trade.

2. To trade meanly or mercenarily; to bargain.

Traf"fic, v. t. To exchange in traffic; to effect by a bargain or for a consideration.

Traf"fic, n. [Cf. F. trafic, It. traffico, Sp. tráfico, tráfago, Pg. tráfego, LL. traficum, trafica. See Traffic, v.] 1. Commerce, either by barter or by buying and selling; interchange of goods and commodities; trade.

A merchant of great traffic through the world.
Shak.

The traffic in honors, places, and pardons.
Macaulay.

&fist; This word, like trade, comprehends every species of dealing in the exchange or passing of goods or merchandise from hand to hand for an equivalent, unless the business of relating may be excepted. It signifies appropriately foreign trade, but is not limited to that.

2. Commodities of the market. [R.]

You 'll see a draggled damsel
From Billingsgate her fishy traffic bear.
Gay.

3. The business done upon a railway, steamboat line, etc., with reference to the number of passengers or the amount of freight carried.

Traffic return, a periodical statement of the receipts for goods and passengers, as on a railway line. -- Traffic taker, a computer of the returns of traffic on a railway, steamboat line, etc.

Traf"fic*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being disposed of in traffic; marketable. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Traf"fick*er (?), n. One who traffics, or carries on commerce; a trader; a merchant.

Traf"fic*less, a. Destitute of traffic, or trade.

Trag"a*canth (?), n. [L. tragacanthum tragacanth, tragacantha the plant producing tragacanth, Gr. &?; &?; a he-goat + &?; a thorn: cf. F. tragacanthe.] A kind of gum procured from a spiny leguminous shrub (Astragalus gummifer) of Western Asia, and other species of Astragalus. It comes in hard whitish or yellowish flakes or filaments, and is nearly insoluble in water, but slowly swells into a mucilaginous mass, which is used as a substitute for gum arabic in medicine and the arts. Called also gum tragacanth.

Tra*ge"di*an (?), n. [Cf. F. tragédien.]

1. A writer of tragedy.

Thence what the lofty, grave, tragedians taught.
Milton.

2. An actor or player in tragedy. Shak.

||Tra`gé`dienne" (?), n. [F.] A woman who plays in tragedy.

Tra*ge"di*ous (?), a. Like tragedy; tragical. [Obs.] "Tragedious history." Fabyan.

Trag"e*dy (?), n.; pl. Tragedies (#). [OE. tragedie, OF. tragedie, F. tragédie, L. tragoedia, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a tragic poet and singer, originally, a goat singer; &?; a goat (perhaps akin to &?; to gnaw, nibble, eat, and E. trout) + &?; to sing; from the oldest tragedies being exhibited when a goat was sacrificed, or because a goat was the prize, or because the actors were clothed in goatskins. See Ode.]

1. A dramatic poem, composed in elevated style, representing a signal action performed by some person or persons, and having a fatal issue; that species of drama which represents the sad or terrible phases of character and life.

Tragedy is to say a certain storie,
As olde bookes maken us memorie,
Of him that stood in great prosperitee
And is yfallen out of high degree
Into misery and endeth wretchedly.
Chaucer.

All our tragedies are of kings and princes.
Jer. Taylor.

tragedy is poetry in its deepest earnest; comedy is poetry in unlimited jest.
Coleridge.

2. A fatal and mournful event; any event in which human lives are lost by human violence, more especially by unauthorized violence.

{ Trag"ic (?), Trag"ic*al (?), } a. [L. tragicus, Gr.&?;: cf. F. tragique.] 1. Of or pertaining to tragedy; of the nature or character of tragedy; as, a tragic poem; a tragic play or representation.

2. Fatal to life; mournful; terrible; calamitous; as, the tragic scenes of the French revolution.

3. Mournful; expressive of tragedy, the loss of life, or of sorrow.

Why look you still so stern and tragical ?
Shak.

-- Trag"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Trag"ic*al*ness, n.

Trag"ic (?), n. 1. A writer of tragedy. [Obs.]

2. A tragedy; a tragic drama. [Obs.]

Trag`i-com"e*dy (?), n. [Cf. F. tragicomédie, L. tragicocomoedia. See Tragic, and Comedy.] A kind of drama representing some action in which serious and comic scenes are blended; a composition partaking of the nature both of tragedy and comedy.

The noble tragi-comedy of "Measure for Measure."
Macaulay.

{ Trag`i-com"ic (?), Trag`i-com"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. tragi-comique.] Of or pertaining to tragi-comedy; partaking of grave and comic scenes. -- Trag`- com"ic*al*ly, adv.

Julian felt toward him that tragi-comic sensation which makes us pity the object which excites it not the less that we are somewhat inclined to laugh amid our sympathy.
Sir W. Scott.

Trag`i-com`i-pas"tor*al (?), a. Partaking of the nature of, or combining, tragedy, comedy, and pastoral poetry. [R.] Gay.

Trag"o*pan (?), n. [NL., fr. L. tragopan a fabulous Ethiopian bird, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of Asiatic pheasants of the genus Ceriornis. They are brilliantly colored with a variety of tints, the back and breast are usually covered with white or buff ocelli, and the head is ornamented with two bright-colored, fleshy wattles. The crimson tragopan, or horned pheasant (C. satyra), of India is one of the best-known species.

||Tra"gus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a part of the inner ear.] (Anat.) The prominence in front of the external opening of the ear. See Illust. under Ear.

T" rail` (?). See under T.

Trail (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trailing.] [OE. trailen, OF. trailler to trail a deer, or hunt him upon a cold scent, also, to hunt or pursue him with a limehound, F. trailler to trail a fishing line; probably from a derivative of L. trahere to draw; cf. L. traha a drag, sledge, tragula a kind of drag net, a small sledge, Sp. trailla a leash, an instrument for leveling the ground, D. treilen to draw with a rope, to tow, treil a rope for drawing a boat. See Trace, v. t.]

1. To hunt by the track; to track. Halliwell.

2. To draw or drag, as along the ground.

And hung his head, and trailed his legs along.
Dryden.

They shall not trail me through their streets
Like a wild beast.
Milton.

Long behind he trails his pompous robe.
Pope.

3. (Mil.) To carry, as a firearm, with the breech near the ground and the upper part inclined forward, the piece being held by the right hand near the middle.

4. To tread down, as grass, by walking through it; to lay flat. Longfellow.

5. To take advantage of the ignorance of; to impose upon. [Prov. Eng.]

I presently perceived she was (what is vernacularly termed) trailing Mrs. Dent; that is, playing on her ignorance.
C. Bronte.

Trail (?), v. i. 1. To be drawn out in length; to follow after.

When his brother saw the red blood trail.
Spenser.

2. To grow to great length, especially when slender and creeping upon the ground, as a plant; to run or climb.

Trail, n. 1. A track left by man or beast; a track followed by the hunter; a scent on the ground by the animal pursued; as, a deer trail.

They traveled in the bed of the brook, leaving no dangerous trail.
Cooper.

How cheerfully on the false trail they cry!
Shak.

2. A footpath or road track through a wilderness or wild region; as, an Indian trail over the plains.

3. Anything drawn out to a length; as, the trail of a meteor; a trail of smoke.

When lightning shoots in glittering trails along.
Rowe.

4. Anything drawn behind in long undulations; a train. "A radiant trail of hair." Pope.

5. Anything drawn along, as a vehicle. [Obs.]

6. A frame for trailing plants; a trellis. [Obs.]

7. The entrails of a fowl, especially of game, as the woodcock, and the like; -- applied also, sometimes, to the entrails of sheep.

The woodcock is a favorite with epicures, and served with its trail in, is a delicious dish.
Baird.

8. (Mil.) That part of the stock of a gun carriage which rests on the ground when the piece is unlimbered. See Illust. of Gun carriage, under Gun.

9. The act of taking advantage of the ignorance of a person; an imposition. [Prov. Eng.]

Trail boards (Shipbuilding), the carved boards on both sides of the cutwater near the figurehead. -- Trail net, a net that is trailed or drawn behind a boat. Wright.

Trail"er (?), n. One who, or that which, trails.

Trail"ing, a. & vb. n. from Trail.

Trailing arbutus. (Bot.) See under Arbutus. -- Trailing spring, a spring fixed in the axle box of the trailing wheels of a locomotive engine, and so placed as to assist in deadening any shock which may occur. Weale. -- Trailing wheel, a hind wheel of a locomotive when it is not a driving wheel; also, one of the hind wheels of a carriage.

Train (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Training.] [OF. trahiner, traïner,F. traîner, LL. trahinare, trainare, fr. L. trahere to draw. See Trail.]

1. To draw along; to trail; to drag.

In hollow cube
Training his devilish enginery.
Milton.

2. To draw by persuasion, artifice, or the like; to attract by stratagem; to entice; to allure. [Obs.]

If but a dozen French
Were there in arms, they would be as a call
To train ten thousand English to their side.
Shak.

O, train me not, sweet mermaid, with thy note.
Shak.

This feast, I'll gage my life,
Is but a plot to train you to your ruin.
Ford.

3. To teach and form by practice; to educate; to exercise; to discipline; as, to train the militia to the manual exercise; to train soldiers to the use of arms.

Our trained bands, which are the trustiest and most proper strength of a free nation.
Milton.

The warrior horse here bred he's taught to train.
Dryden.

4. To break, tame, and accustom to draw, as oxen.

5. (Hort.) To lead or direct, and form to a wall or espalier; to form to a proper shape, by bending, lopping, or pruning; as, to train young trees.

He trained the young branches to the right hand or to the left.
Jeffrey.

6. (Mining) To trace, as a lode or any mineral appearance, to its head.

To train a gun (Mil. & Naut.), to point it at some object either forward or else abaft the beam, that is, not directly on the side. Totten. -- To train, or To train up, to educate; to teach; to form by instruction or practice; to bring up.

Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it.
Prov. xxii. 6.

The first Christians were, by great hardships, trained up for glory.
Tillotson.

Train, v. i. 1. To be drilled in military exercises; to do duty in a military company.

2. To prepare by exercise, diet, instruction, etc., for any physical contest; as, to train for a boat race.

Train, n. [F. train, OF. traïn, trahin; cf. (for some of the senses) F. traine. See Train, v.] 1. That which draws along; especially, persuasion, artifice, or enticement; allurement. [Obs.] "Now to my charms, and to my wily trains." Milton.

2. Hence, something tied to a lure to entice a hawk; also, a trap for an animal; a snare. Halliwell.

With cunning trains him to entrap un wares.
Spenser.

3. That which is drawn along in the rear of, or after, something; that which is in the hinder part or rear. Specifically : --

(a) That part of a gown which trails behind the wearer.

(b) (Mil.) The after part of a gun carriage; the trail.

(c) The tail of a bird. "The train steers their flights, and turns their bodies, like the rudder of ship." Ray.

4. A number of followers; a body of attendants; a retinue; a suite.

The king's daughter with a lovely train.
Addison.

My train are men of choice and rarest parts.
Shak.

5. A consecution or succession of connected things; a series. "A train of happy sentiments." I. Watts.

The train of ills our love would draw behind it.
Addison.

Rivers now
Stream and perpetual draw their humid train.
Milton.

Other truths require a train of ideas placed in order.
Locke.

6. Regular method; process; course; order; as, things now in a train for settlement.

If things were once in this train, . . . our duty would take root in our nature.
Swift.

7. The number of beats of a watch in any certain time.

8. A line of gunpowder laid to lead fire to a charge, mine, or the like.

9. A connected line of cars or carriages on a railroad.

10. A heavy, long sleigh used in Canada for the transportation of merchandise, wood, and the like.

11. (Rolling Mill) A roll train; as, a 12- inch train.

Roll train, or Train of rolls (Rolling Mill), a set of plain or grooved rolls for rolling metal into various forms by a series of consecutive operations. -- Train mile (Railroads), a unit employed in estimating running expenses, etc., being one of the total number of miles run by all the trains of a road, or system of roads, as within a given time, or for a given expenditure; -- called also mile run. -- Train of artillery, any number of cannon, mortars, etc., with the attendants and carriages which follow them into the field. Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci.). -- Train of mechanism, a series of moving pieces, as wheels and pinions, each of which is follower to that which drives it, and driver to that which follows it. -- Train road, a slight railway for small cars, -- used for construction, or in mining. -- Train tackle (Naut.), a tackle for running guns in and out.

Syn. -- Cars. -- Train, Cars. Train is the word universally used in England with reference to railroad traveling; as, I came in the morning train. In the United States, the phrase the cars has been extensively introduced in the room of train; as, the cars are late; I came in the cars. The English expression is obviously more appropriate, and is prevailing more and more among Americans, to the exclusion of the cars.

Train"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being trained or educated; as, boys trainable to virtue. Richardson.

Train"band` (?), n.; pl. Trainbands (&?;). A band or company of an organized military force instituted by James I. and dissolved by Charles II.; -- afterwards applied to the London militia. [Eng.]

He felt that, without some better protection than that of the trainbands and Beefeaters, his palace and person would hardly be secure.
Macaulay.

A trainband captain eke was he
Of famous London town.
Cowper.

Train"bear`er (?), n. One who holds up a train, as of a robe.

Train"el (?), n. [OF.] A dragnet. [Obs.] Holland.

Train"er (?), n. 1. One who trains; an instructor; especially, one who trains or prepares men, horses, etc., for exercises requiring physical agility and strength.

2. A militiaman when called out for exercise or discipline. [U. S.] Bartlett.

Train"ing, n. The act of one who trains; the act or process of exercising, disciplining, etc.; education.

Fan training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall radiate from the stem like a fan. -- Horizontal training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall spread out laterally in a horizontal direction. -- Training college. See Normal school, under Normal, a. -- Training day, a day on which a military company assembles for drill or parade. [U. S.] -- Training ship, a vessel on board of which boys are trained as sailors.

Syn. -- See Education.

Train" oil` (oil`). [D. or LG. traan train oil, blubber (cf. Dan. & Sw. tran, G. thran) + E. oil.] Oil procured from the blubber or fat of whales, by boiling.

Train"y (?), a. Belonging to train oil. [Obs.] Gay.

Traipse (?), v. i. [Cf. G. trapsen, trappsen, trappen, to tread noisily, to walk stamping. See Trample, Trape.] To walk or run about in a slatternly, careless, or thoughtless manner. [Colloq.] Pope.

{ Trais (?), Trays }, n. pl. Traces. [Obs.]

Four white bulls in the trays.
Chaucer.

Trait (?), n. [F., fr. L. tractus, fr. trahere to draw. See Trace, v., and cf. Tract a region, Trace a strap, Tret.]

1. A stroke; a touch.

By this single trait Homer makes an essential difference between the Iliad and Odyssey.
Broome.

2. A distinguishing or marked feature; a peculiarity; as, a trait of character.

&fist; Formerly pronounced trā, as in French, and still so pronounced to some extent in England.

||Trai`teur" (?), n. [F.] The keeper of an eating house, or restaurant; a restaurateur. Simmonds.

Trai"tor (?), n. [OE. traitour, OF. traïtor, traïteur, F. treître, L. traditor, fr. tradere, traditum, to deliver, to give up or surrender treacherously, to betray; trans across, over + dare to give. See Date time, and cf. Betray,Tradition, Traditor, Treason.] 1. One who violates his allegiance and betrays his country; one guilty of treason; one who, in breach of trust, delivers his country to an enemy, or yields up any fort or place intrusted to his defense, or surrenders an army or body of troops to the enemy, unless when vanquished; also, one who takes arms and levies war against his country; or one who aids an enemy in conquering his country. See Treason.

O passing traitor, perjured and unjust!
Shak.

2. Hence, one who betrays any confidence or trust; a betrayer. "This false traitor death." Chaucer.

Trai"tor, a. Traitorous. [R.] Spenser. Pope.

Trai"tor, v. t. To act the traitor toward; to betray; to deceive. [Obs.] " But time, it traitors me." Lithgow.

Trai"tor*ess (?), n. A traitress. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Trai"tor*ly (?), a. Like a traitor; treacherous; traitorous. [Obs.] "Traitorly rascals." Shak.

Trai"tor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. traîtreux.] 1. Guilty of treason; treacherous; perfidious; faithless; as, a traitorous officer or subject. Shak.

2. Consisting in treason; partaking of treason; implying breach of allegiance; as, a traitorous scheme.

-- Trai"tor*ous*ly, adv. -- Trai"tor*ous*ness, n.

Trai"tor*y (?), n. Treachery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trai"tress (?), n. [F. traîtresse.] A woman who betrays her country or any trust; a traitoress. Dryden.

Tra*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trajected; p. pr. & vb. n. Trajecting.] [L. trajectus, p. p. of trajicere to throw across; trans across + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] To throw or cast through, over, or across; as, to traject the sun's light through three or more cross prisms. [R.] Sir I. Newton.

Traj"ect (?), n. [L. trajectus, fr. trajicere: cf. F. trajet, OF. traject. See Traject, v. t.] 1. A place for passing across; a passage; a ferry. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. The act of trajecting; trajection.

3. A trajectory. [R.] I. Taylor.

Tra*jec"tion (?), n. [L. trajectio a crossing over, transposition.] 1. The act of trajecting; a throwing or casting through or across; also, emission. Boyle.

2. Transposition. [R.] Knatchbull.

Tra*ject"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Trajectories (#). [Cf. F. trajectoire.] The curve which a body describes in space, as a planet or comet in its orbit, or stone thrown upward obliquely in the air.

{ Tra"jet (?), Tra"jet*our (?), Tra"jet*ry (?) }, n. See Treget, Tregetour, and Tregetry. [Obs.]

Tra*la"tion (?), n. [L. tralatio, translatio.See Translation.] The use of a word in a figurative or extended sense; ametaphor; a trope. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Tral`a*ti"tion (?), n. [See Tralatitious.] A change, as in the use of words; a metaphor.

Tral`a*ti"tious (?), a. [L. tralatitius, translatitius, tralaticius, translaticius. See Tralation.] 1. Passed along; handed down; transmitted.

Among biblical critics a tralatitious interpretation is one received by expositor from expositor.
W. Withington.

2. Metaphorical; figurative; not literal. Stackhouse.

Tral`a*ti"tious*ly, adv. In a tralatitious manner; metephorically. Holder.

Tra*lin"e*ate (?), v. i. [L. trans across + linea a line: cf. It tralineare, tralignare.] To deviate; to stray; to wander. [Obs.] Dryden.

Tra*lu"cen*cy (?), n. Translucency; as, the tralucency of a gem. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tra*lu"cent (?), a. [L. tralucens, translucens, p. pr. See Translucent.] Translucent. [Obs.]

The air's tralucent gallery.
Sir. J. Davies.

Tram (?), n. [Prov. E. tram a coal wagon, the shaft of a cart or carriage, a beam or bar; probably of Scand, origin; cf. OSw. tråm, trum, a beam, OD. drom, Prov. & OHG. tram.] 1. A four-wheeled truck running on rails, and used in a mine, as for carrying coal or ore.

2. The shaft of a cart. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey.

3. One of the rails of a tramway.

4. A car on a horse railroad. [Eng.]

Tram car, a car made to run on a tramway, especially a street railway car. -- Tram plate, a flat piece of iron laid down as a rail. -- Tram pot (Milling), the step and support for the lower end of the spindle of a millstone.

Tram, n. [Sp. trama weft, or F. trame.] A silk thread formed of two or more threads twisted together, used especially for the weft, or cross threads, of the best quality of velvets and silk goods.

Tram"ble (?), v. t. (Mining) To wash, as tin ore, with a shovel in a frame fitted for the purpose. Smart.

Tram"mel (?), n. [F. tramail, trémail, a net, LL. tremaculum, tremacle, a kind of net for taking fish; L. tres three + macula a mesh. See Three, and Mail armor.] 1. A kind of net for catching birds, fishes, or other prey. Carew.

2. A net for confining a woman's hair. Spenser.

3. A kind of shackle used for regulating the motions of a horse and making him amble.

4. Fig.: Whatever impedes activity, progress, or freedom, as a net or shackle.

[They] disdain the trammels of any sordid contract.
Jeffrey.

5. An iron hook of various forms and sizes, used for handing kettles and other vessels over the fire.

6. (Mech.) (a) An instrument for drawing ellipses, one part of which consists of a cross with two grooves at right angles to each other, the other being a beam carrying two pins (which slide in those grooves), and also the describing pencil. (b) A beam compass. See under Beam.

Tram"mel (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trammeled (?) or Trammelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trammeling, or Trammelling.] 1. To entangle, as in a net; to catch. [R.] Shak.

2. To confine; to hamper; to shackle.

Tram"meled (?), a. (Man.) Having blazes, or white marks, on the fore and hind foot of one side, as if marked by trammels; -- said of a horse. [Written also trammelled.]

Tram"mel*er (?), n. [Written also trammeller.]

1. One who uses a trammel net. Nares.

2. One who, or that which, trammels or restrains.

Tram"ming (?), n. (Silk Manuf.) The act or process of forming trams. See 2d Tram.

Tra*mon"tane (?), a. [OF. tramontain, It. tramontano, L. transmontanus; trans across, beyond + mons, montis, mountain.] Lying or being beyond the mountains; coming from the other side of the mountains; hence, foreign; barbarous.

&fist; The Italians sometimes use this epithet for ultramontane, and apply it to the countries north of the Alps, as France and Germany, and especially to their ecclesiastics, jurists, painters, etc.; and a north wind is called a tramontane wind. The French lawyers call certain Italian canonists tramontane, or ultramontane, doctors; considering them as favoring too much the court of Rome. See Ultramontane.

Tra*mon"tane, n. One living beyond the mountains; hence, a foreigner; a stranger.

Tramp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tramped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tramping.] [OE. trampen; akin to LG. trampen, G. trampeln, LG. & D. trappen, Dan. trampe, Sw. & Icel. trampa, Goth. anatrimpan to press upon; also to D. trap a step, G. treppe steps, stairs. Cf. Trap a kind of rock, Trape, Trip, v. i., Tread.] 1. To tread upon forcibly and repeatedly; to trample.

2. To travel or wander through; as, to tramp the country. [Colloq.]

3. To cleanse, as clothes, by treading upon them in water. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Tramp, v. i. To travel; to wander; to stroll.

Tramp, n. 1. A foot journey or excursion; as, to go on a tramp; a long tramp. Blackie.

2. A foot traveler; a tramper; often used in a bad sense for a vagrant or wandering vagabond. Halliwell.

3. The sound of the foot, or of feet, on the earth, as in marching. Sir W. Scott.

4. A tool for trimming hedges.

5. A plate of iron worn to protect the sole of the foot, or the shoe, when digging with a spade.

Tramp"er (?), n. One who tramps; a stroller; a vagrant or vagabond; a tramp. Dickens.

Tram"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trampled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trampling (?).] [OE. trampelen, freq. of trampen. See Tramp, v. t.] 1. To tread under foot; to tread down; to prostrate by treading; as, to trample grass or flowers. Dryden.

Neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet.
Matt. vii. 6.

2. Fig.: To treat with contempt and insult. Cowper.

Tram"ple, v. i. 1. To tread with force and rapidity; to stamp.

2. To tread in contempt; -- with on or upon.

Diogenes trampled on Plato's pride with greater of his own.
Gov. of Tongue.

Tram"ple, n. The act of treading under foot; also, the sound produced by trampling. Milton.

The huddling trample of a drove of sheep.
Lowell.

Tram"pler (?), n. One who tramples; one who treads down; as, a trampler on nature's law. Cowper.

Tram*poose" (?), v. i. [See Tramp, Trample, and Traipse.] To walk with labor, or heavily; to tramp. [Law, U. S.] Bartlett.

Tram"road` (?), n. [Tram a coal wagon + road.] A road prepared for easy transit of trams or wagons, by forming the wheel tracks of smooth beams of wood, blocks of stone, or plates of iron.

Tram"way` (?), n. 1. Same as Tramroad.

2. A railway laid in the streets of a town or city, on which cars for passengers or for freight are drawn by horses; a horse railroad.

Tra*na"tion (?), n. [L. tranare, transnare, to swim over; trans across, over + nare to swim.] The act of swimming over. [Obs.] Bailey.

Trance (?), n. [F. transe fright, in OF. also, trance or swoon, fr. transir to chill, benumb, to be chilled, to shiver, OF. also, to die, L. transire to pass over, go over, pass away, cease; trans across, over + ire to go; cf. L. transitus a passing over. See Issue, and cf. Transit.]

1. A tedious journey. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A state in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into another state of being, or to be rapt into visions; an ecstasy.

And he became very hungry, and would have eaten; but while they made ready, he fell into a trance.
Acts. x. 10.

My soul was ravished quite as in a trance.
Spenser.

3. (Med.) A condition, often simulating death, in which there is a total suspension of the power of voluntary movement, with abolition of all evidences of mental activity and the reduction to a minimum of all the vital functions so that the patient lies still and apparently unconscious of surrounding objects, while the pulsation of the heart and the breathing, although still present, are almost or altogether imperceptible.

He fell down in a trance.
Chaucer.

Trance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trancing (?).] 1. To entrance.

And three I left him tranced.
Shak.

2. To pass over or across; to traverse. [Poetic]

Trance the world over.
Beau. & Fl.

When thickest dark did trance the sky.
Tennyson.

Trance (?), v. i. To pass; to travel. [Obs.]

Tran"ect (?), n. [Cf. Traject.] A ferry. [Obs.] Shak.

Tran"gram (?), n. [OE. trangrain a strange thing, trangame a toy. See Tangram.] Something intricately contrived; a contrived; a puzzle. [Cant & Obs.] Arbuthnot.

Tran"nel (?), n. (Naut.) A treenail. [R.] Moxon.

Tran"quil (?), a. [L. tranquillus; probably fr. trans across, over + a word akin to quietus quiet: cf. F. tranquille. See Quiet.] Quiet; calm; undisturbed; peaceful; not agitated; as, the atmosphere is tranquil; the condition of the country is tranquil.

A style clear, tranquil, easy to follow.
De Quincey.

{ Tran`quil*i*za"tion, Tran`quil*li*za"tion } (?), n. The act of tranquilizing, or the state of being tranquilized.

{Tran"quil*ize, Tran"quil*lize } (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranquilized (?) or Tranquilliized; p. pr. & vb. n. Tranquilizing (?) or Tranquillizing.] [Cf. F. tranquilliser.] To render tranquil; to allay when agitated; to compose; to make calm and peaceful; as, to tranquilize a state disturbed by factions or civil commotions; to tranquilize the mind.

Syn. -- To quiet; compose; still; soothe; appease; calm; pacify.

{ Tran"quil*i`zer, Tran"quil*li`zer } (?), n. One who, or that which, tranquilizes.

{ Tran"quil*i`zing, Tran"quil*li`zing } (?), a. Making tranquil; calming. " The tranquilizing power of time." Wordsworth. -- Tran"quil*i`zing*ly or Tran"quil*li`zing*ly, adv.

Tran*quil"li*ty (?), n. [F. tranquillité, L. tranquillitas.] The quality or state of being tranquil; calmness; composure.

Tran"quil*ly (?), adv. In a tranquil manner; calmly.

Tran"quil*ness, n. Quality or state of being tranquil.

Trans- (?). [L. trans across, over.] A prefix, signifying over, beyond, through and through, on the other side, as in transalpine, beyond the Alps; transform, to form through and through, that is, anew, transfigure.

Trans*act" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transacting.] [L. transactus, p. p. of transigere. See Transaction.] To carry through; to do; perform; to manage; as, to transact commercial business; to transact business by an agent.

Trans*act", v. i. To conduct matters; to manage affairs. [R.] South.

Trans*ac"tion (?), n. [L. transactio, fr. transigere, transactum, to drive through, carry through, accomplish, transact; trans across, over + agere to drive; cf. F. transaction. See Act, Agent.] 1. The doing or performing of any business; management of any affair; performance.

2. That which is done; an affair; as, the transactions on the exchange.

3. (Civil Law) An adjustment of a dispute between parties by mutual agreement.

Transaction of a society, the published record of what it has done or accomplished.

Syn. -- Proceeding; action; process. -- Transaction, Proceeding. A transaction is something already done and completed; a proceeding is either something which is now going on, or, if ended, is still contemplated with reference to its progress or successive stages.

&fist; " We the word proceeding in application to an affray in the street, and the word transaction to some commercial negotiation that has been carried on between certain persons. The proceeding marks the manner of proceeding, as when we speak of the proceedings in a court of law. The transaction marks the business transacted; as, the transactions on the Exchange." Crabb.

Trans*act"or (?), n. [L.] One who transacts, performs, or conducts any business. Derham.

Trans*al"pine (?), a. [L. transalpinus; trans across, beyond + Alpinus Alpine, from Alpes the Alps: cf. F. transalpin.] Being on the farther side of the Alps in regard to Rome, that is, on the north or west side of the Alps; of or pertaining to the region or the people beyond the Alps; as, transalpine Gaul; -- opposed to cisalpine. " Transalpine garbs." Beau. & Fl.

Trans*al"pine, n. A native or inhabitant of a country beyond the Alps, that is, out of Italy.

Trans*an"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transanimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transanimating.] [Trans- + animate.] To animate with a soul conveyed from another body. [R.] Bp. J. King (1608).

Trans*an`i*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transanimation.] The conveyance of a soul from one body to another. [R.] Fuller.

Trans`at*lan"tic (?), a. [Pref. trans- + Atlantic: cf. F. transatlantique.] 1. Lying or being beyond the Atlantic Ocean.

&fist; When used by a person in Europe or Africa, transatlantic signifies being in America; when by a person in America, it denotes being or lying in Europe or Africa, especially the former.

2. Crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

Trans*au"di*ent (?), a. [See Trans-, and Audient.] Permitting the passage of sound. [R.] Lowell.

Trans*ca"len*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being transcalent.

Trans*ca"lent (?), a. [Pref. trans- + L. calens, p. pr. of calere to grow warm.] Pervious to, or permitting the passage of, heat.

Tran*scend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcended; p. pr. & vb. n. Transcending.] [L. transcendere, transcensum; trans beyond, over + scandere to climb. See Scan.] 1. To rise above; to surmount; as, lights in the heavens transcending the region of the clouds. Howell.

2. To pass over; to go beyond; to exceed.

Such popes as shall transcend their limits.
Bacon.

8. To surpass; to outgo; to excel; to exceed.

How much her worth transcended all her kind.
Dryden.

Tran*scend" (trăn*s&cr;nd"), v. i. 1. To climb; to mount. [Obs.]

2. To be transcendent; to excel. [R.]

{ Tran*scend"ence (-ens), Tran*scend"en*cy (- en*s&ybreve;), }[Cf. L. transcendentia, F. transcendance.] 1. The quality or state of being transcendent; superior excellence; supereminence.

The Augustinian theology rests upon the transcendence of Deity at its controlling principle.
A. V. G. Allen.

2. Elevation above truth; exaggeration. [Obs.]

"Where transcendencies are more allowed."
Bacon.

Tran*scend"ent (?), a. [L. transcendens, -entis, p. pr. of transcendere to transcend: cf. F. transcendant, G. transcendent.] 1. Very excellent; superior or supreme in excellence; surpassing others; as, transcendent worth; transcendent valor.

Clothed with transcendent brightness.
Milton.

2. (Kantian Philos.) Transcending, or reaching beyond, the limits of human knowledge; -- applied to affirmations and speculations concerning what lies beyond the reach of the human intellect.

Tran*scend"ent, n. That which surpasses or is supereminent; that which is very excellent.

Tran`scen*den"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. transcendantal, G. transcendental.] 1. Supereminent; surpassing others; as, transcendental being or qualities.

2. (Philos.) In the Kantian system, of or pertaining to that which can be determined a priori in regard to the fundamental principles of all human knowledge. What is transcendental, therefore, transcends empiricism; but is does not transcend all human knowledge, or become transcendent. It simply signifies the a priori or necessary conditions of experience which, though affording the conditions of experience, transcend the sphere of that contingent knowledge which is acquired by experience.

3. Vaguely and ambitiously extravagant in speculation, imagery, or diction.

&fist; In mathematics, a quantity is said to be transcendental relative to another quantity when it is expressed as a transcendental function of the latter; thus, ax, 102x, log x, sin x, tan x, etc., are transcendental relative to x.

Transcendental curve (Math.), a curve in which one ordinate is a transcendental function of the other. -- Transcendental equation (Math.), an equation into which a transcendental function of one of the unknown or variable quantities enters. -- Transcendental function. (Math.) See under Function.

Syn. -- Transcendental, Empirical. These terms, with the corresponding nouns, transcendentalism and empiricism, are of comparatively recent origin. Empirical refers to knowledge which is gained by the experience of actual phenomena, without reference to the principles or laws to which they are to be referred, or by which they are to be explained. Transcendental has reference to those beliefs or principles which are not derived from experience, and yet are absolutely necessary to make experience possible or useful. Such, in the better sense of the term, is the transcendental philosophy, or transcendentalism. Each of these words is also used in a bad sense, empiricism applying to that one-sided view of knowledge which neglects or loses sight of the truths or principles referred to above, and trusts to experience alone; transcendentalism, to the opposite extreme, which, in its deprecation of experience, loses sight of the relations which facts and phenomena sustain to principles, and hence to a kind of philosophy, or a use of language, which is vague, obscure, fantastic, or extravagant.

Tran`scen*den"tal, n. A transcendentalist. [Obs.]

Tran`scen*den"tal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. transcendantalisme, G. transcendentalismus.] 1. (Kantian Philos.) The transcending, or going beyond, empiricism, and ascertaining a priori the fundamental principles of human knowledge.

&fist; As Schelling and Hegel claim to have discovered the absolute identity of the objective and subjective in human knowledge, or of things and human conceptions of them, the Kantian distinction between transcendent and transcendental ideas can have no place in their philosophy; and hence, with them, transcendentalism claims to have a true knowledge of all things, material and immaterial, human and divine, so far as the mind is capable of knowing them. And in this sense the word transcendentalism is now most used. It is also sometimes used for that which is vague and illusive in philosophy.

2. Ambitious and imaginative vagueness in thought, imagery, or diction.

Tran`scen*den"tal*ist, n. [Cf. F. transcendantaliste.] One who believes in transcendentalism.

Tran`scen*den*tal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transcendental.

Tran`scen*den"tal*ly (?), adv. In a transcendental manner.

Tran*scend"ent*ly (?), adv. In a transcendent manner.

Tran*scend"ent*ness, n. Same as Transcendence.

Tran*scen"sion (?), n. [See Transcend.] The act of transcending, or surpassing; also, passage over. [Obs.] Chapman.

Trans"co*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transcolating.] [Pref. trans- + L. colare, colatum, to filter, to strain.] To cause to pass through a sieve or colander; to strain, as through a sieve. [Obs.] Harvey.

Trans`co*la"tion (?), n. Act of transcolating, or state of being transcolated. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.

Trans*con`ti*nen"tal (?), a. [Pref. trans- + continental.] Extending or going across a continent; as, a transcontinental railroad or journey.

Trans*cor"po*rate (?), v. i. [Pref. trans- + corporate.] To transmigrate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tran*scrib"bler (trăn*skr&ibreve;b"bl&etilde;r), n. A transcriber; -- used in contempt.

He [Aristotle] has suffered vastly from the transcribblers, as all authors of great brevity necessarily must.
Gray.

Tran*scribe" (trăn*skrīb"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transcribing.] [L. transcribere, transcriptum; trans across, over + scribere to write. See Scribe.] To write over again, or in the same words; to copy; as, to transcribe Livy or Tacitus; to transcribe a letter.

Tran*scrib"er (-&etilde;r), n. One who transcribes, or writes from a copy; a copier; a copyist.

Tran"script (trăn"skr&ibreve;pt), n. [L. transcriptum, neut. of transcriptus, p. p. of transcribere. See Transcribe.] 1. That which has been transcribed; a writing or composition consisting of the same words as the original; a written copy.

The decalogue of Moses was but a transcript.
South.

2. A copy of any kind; an imitation.

The Grecian learning was but a transcript of the Chaldean and Egyptian.
Glanvill.

Tran*scrip"tion (trăn*skr&ibreve;p"shŭn), n. [Cf. F. transcription, L. transcriptio a transfer.] 1. The act or process of transcribing, or copying; as, corruptions creep into books by repeated transcriptions.

2. A copy; a transcript. Walton.

3. (Mus.) An arrangement of a composition for some other instrument or voice than that for which it was originally written, as the translating of a song, a vocal or instrumental quartet, or even an orchestral work, into a piece for the piano; an adaptation; an arrangement; -- a name applied by modern composers for the piano to a more or less fanciful and ornate reproduction on their own instrument of a song or other piece not originally intended for it; as, Liszt's transcriptions of songs by Schubert.

Tran*scrip"tive (-t&ibreve;v), a. Done as from a copy; having the style or appearance of a transcription. [R.] -- Tran*scrip"tive*ly, adv. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Trans*cur" (?), v. i. [L. transcurrere, transcursum; trans across, over + currere to run.] To run or rove to and fro. [Obs.] Bacon.

Trans*cur"rence (?), n. [L. transcurrens, p. pr. of transcurrere.] A roving hither and thither.

Trans*cur"sion (?), n. [Cf. L. transcursio a passing over. See Transcur.] A rambling or ramble; a passage over bounds; an excursion. [Obs.] Howell.

Trans*di"a*lect (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + dialect.] To change or translate from one dialect into another. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Trans*duc"tion (?), n. [L. transducere, traducere, -dictum, to lead across or over. See Traduce.] The act of conveying over. [R.] Entick.

Transe (?), n. See Trance. [Obs.]

{ Trans*el"e*ment (?), Trans*el`e*men"tate (?), } v. t. [Pref. trans- element.] To change or transpose the elements of; to transubstantiate. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Trans*el`e*men*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transélémentation.] (Eccl.) Transubstantiation. [Obs.]

Tran"senne (?), n. A transom. [Obs.]

Tran"sept (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. septum an inclosure. See Septum.] (Arch.) The transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir. In the basilicas, this had often no projection at its two ends. In Gothic churches these project these project greatly, and should be called the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms themselves as the transepts.

Tran*sex"ion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. sexus sex.] Change of sex. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Trans*fem"i*nate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. femina woman.] To change into a woman, as a man. [Obs. & R.] Sir T. Browne.

Trans*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transferring.] [L. transferre; trans across, over + ferre to bear: cf. F. transférer. See Bear to carry.] 1. To convey from one place or person another; to transport, remove, or cause to pass, to another place or person; as, to transfer the laws of one country to another; to transfer suspicion.

2. To make over the possession or control of; to pass; to convey, as a right, from one person to another; to give; as, the title to land is transferred by deed.

3. To remove from one substance or surface to another; as, to transfer drawings or engravings to a lithographic stone. Tomlinson.

Syn. -- To sell; give; alienate; estrange; sequester.

Trans"fer (?), n. 1. The act of transferring, or the state of being transferred; the removal or conveyance of a thing from one place or person to another.

2. (Law) The conveyance of right, title, or property, either real or personal, from one person to another, whether by sale, by gift, or otherwise.

I shall here only consider it as a transfer of property.
Burke.

3. That which is transferred. Specifically: - -

(a) A picture, or the like, removed from one body or ground to another, as from wood to canvas, or from one piece of canvas to another. Fairholt.

(b) A drawing or writing printed off from one surface on another, as in ceramics and in many decorative arts.

(c) (Mil.) A soldier removed from one troop, or body of troops, and placed in another.

4. (Med.) A pathological process by virtue of which a unilateral morbid condition on being abolished on one side of the body makes its appearance in the corresponding region upon the other side.

Transfer day, one of the days fixed by the Bank of England for the transfer, free of charge, of bank stock and government funds. These days are the first five business days in the week before three o'clock. Transfers may be made on Saturdays on payment of a fee of 2s. 6d. Bithell. -- Transfer office, an office or department where transfers of stocks, etc., are made. -- Transfer paper, a prepared paper used by draughtsmen, engravers, lithographers, etc., for transferring impressions. -- Transfer table. (Railroad) Same as Traverse table. See under Traverse.

Trans*fer`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transferable.

Trans*fer"a*ble (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. transférable.] 1. Capable of being transferred or conveyed from one place or person to another.

2. Negotiable, as a note, bill of exchange, or other evidence of property, that may be conveyed from one person to another by indorsement or other writing; capable of being transferred with no loss of value; as, the stocks of most public companies are transferable; some tickets are not transferable.

Trans`fer*ee" (?), n. The person to whom a transfer in made.

Trans"fer*ence (?), n. The act of transferring; conveyance; passage; transfer.

Trans`fer*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Transfer + -graphy.] The act or process of copying inscriptions, or the like, by making transfers.

Trans*fer"rence (?), n. See Transference.

Trans*fer"rer (?), n. One who makes a transfer or conveyance.

Trans*fer"ri*ble (?), a. Capable of being transferred; transferable.

Trans*fig"u*rate (?), v. t. To transfigure; to transform. [R.]

Trans*fig`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. transfiguratio: cf. transfiguration.] 1. A change of form or appearance; especially, the supernatural change in the personal appearance of our Savior on the mount.

2. (Eccl.) A feast held by some branches of the Christian church on the 6th of August, in commemoration of the miraculous change above mentioned.

Trans*fig"ure (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfigured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfiguring.] [F. transfigurer, L. transfigurare, transfiguratum; trans across, over + figurare to form, shape. See Figure, v. t.] 1. To change the outward form or appearance of; to metamorphose; to transform.

2. Especially, to change to something exalted and glorious; to give an ideal form to.

[Jesus] was transfigured before them; and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light.
Matt. xvii. 2.

Trans*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfixing.] [L. transfixus, p. p. of transfigure to transfix; trans across, through + figere to fix, fasten. See Fix.] To pierce through, as with a pointed weapon; to impale; as, to transfix one with a dart.

Trans*fix"ion (?), n. The act of transfixing, or the state of being transfixed, or pierced. Bp. Hall.

Trans"flu*ent (?), a. [Pref. trans- + fluent.] 1. Flowing or running across or through; as, a transfluent stream.

2. (Her.) Passing or flowing through a bridge; -- said of water. Wright.

Trans"flux (?), n. [Pref. trans- + flux.] A flowing through, across, or beyond. [R.]

Trans"fo*rate (?), v. t. [L. transforatus, p. p. of transforare to pierce through; trans through + forare to bore.] To bore through; to perforate. [Obs.]

Trans*form" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transformed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transforming.] [L. transformare, transformatum; trans across, over + formare to from: cf. F. transformer. See Form, v. t.] 1. To change the form of; to change in shape or appearance; to metamorphose; as, a caterpillar is ultimately transformed into a butterfly.

Love may transform me to an oyster.
Shak.

2. To change into another substance; to transmute; as, the alchemists sought to transform lead into gold.

3. To change in nature, disposition, heart, character, or the like; to convert.

Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind.
Rom. xii. 2.

4. (Math.) To change, as an algebraic expression or geometrical figure, into another from without altering its value.

Trans*form", v. i. To be changed in form; to be metamorphosed. [R.]

His hair transforms to down.
Addison.

Trans*form"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being transformed or changed.

Trans`for*ma"tion (?), n. [L. transformatio: cf. transformation.] The act of transforming, or the state of being transformed; change of form or condition. Specifically: --

(a) (Biol.) Any change in an organism which alters its general character and mode of life, as in the development of the germ into the embryo, the egg into the animal, the larva into the insect (metamorphosis), etc.; also, the change which the histological units of a tissue are prone to undergo. See Metamorphosis.

(b) (Physiol.) Change of one from of material into another, as in assimilation; metabolism; metamorphosis.

(c) (Alchemy) The imagined possible or actual change of one metal into another; transmutation.

(d) (Theol.) A change in disposition, heart, character, or the like; conversion.

(e) (Math.) The change, as of an equation or quantity, into another form without altering the value.

Trans*form"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. transformatif.] Having power, or a tendency, to transform.

Trans*form"er (?), n. One who, or that which, transforms. Specif. (Elec.), an apparatus for producing from a given electrical current another current of different voltage.

Trans*form"ism (?), n. [F. transformisme.] (Biol.) The hypothesis, or doctrine, that living beings have originated by the modification of some other previously existing forms of living matter; -- opposed to abiogenesis. Huxley.

Trans*freight" (?), v. i. To transfrete. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

Trans`fre*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transfretatio. See Transfrete.] The act of passing over a strait or narrow sea. [Obs.] Sir J. Davies.

Trans*frete" (?), v. i. [L. transfretare; trans across, over + fretum a strait: cf. OF. transfreter.] To pass over a strait or narrow sea. [Written also transfreight.] [Obs.] E. Hall.

{ Trans"fuge (?), Trans*fu"gi*tive (?), } n. [L. transfuga; trans across, over + fugere to flee.] One who flees from one side to another; hence, a deserter; a turncoat; an apostate. [R.]

Trans*fund" (?), v. t. [L. transfundere; trans over, across + fundere to pour, pour out. See Found to cast, and cf. Transfuse.] To pour from one vessel into another; to transfuse. [Obs.] Barrow.

Trans*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfusing.] [L. transfusus, p. p. of transfundere: cf. F. transfuser. See Transfund.] 1. To pour, as liquid, out of one vessel into another; to transfer by pouring.

2. (Med.) To transfer, as blood, from the veins or arteries of one man or animal to those of another.

3. To cause to pass from to another; to cause to be instilled or imbibed; as, to transfuse a spirit of patriotism into a man; to transfuse a love of letters.

Into thee such virtue and grace
Immense I have transfused.
Milton.

Trans*fu"si*ble (?), a. Capable of being transfused; transferable by transfusion.

Trans*fu"sion (?), n. [L. transfusio: cf. F. transfusion.] 1. The act of transfusing, or pouring, as liquor, out of one vessel into another. Howell.

2. (Med.) The act or operation of transferring the blood of one man or animal into the vascular system of another; also, the introduction of any fluid into the blood vessels, or into a cavity of the body from which it can readily be adsorbed into the vessels; intrafusion; as, the peritoneal transfusion of milk.

Trans*fu"sive (?), a. Tending to transfuse; having power to transfuse.

Trans*gress" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transgressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transgressing.] [Cf. F. transgresser. See Transgression.] 1. To pass over or beyond; to surpass. [R.]

Surpassing common faith, transgressing nature's law.
Dryden.

2. Hence, to overpass, as any prescribed as the &?;imit of duty; to break or violate, as a law, civil or moral.

For man will hearken to his glozing lies,
And easily transgress the sole command.
Milton.

3. To offend against; to vex. [Obs.]

Why give you peace to this imperate beast
That hath so long transgressed you ?
Beau. & Fl.

Trans*gress", v. i. To offend against the law; to sin.

Who transgressed in the thing accursed.
I Chron. ii. 7.

Trans*gres"sion (?), n. [L. transgressio a going across, going over, transgression of the law, from transgredi, transgressus, to step across, go over; trans over, across + gradi to step, walk: cf. F. transgression. See Grade.] The act of transgressing, or of passing over or beyond any law, civil or moral; the violation of a law or known principle of rectitude; breach of command; fault; offense; crime; sin.

Forgive thy people . . . all their transgressions wherein they have transgressed against thee.
I Kings viii. 50.

What rests, but that the mortal sentence pass
On his transgression, death denounced that day ?
Milton.

The transgression is in the stealer.
Shak.

Syn. -- Fault; offense; crime; infringement; misdemeanor; misdeed; affront; sin.

Trans*gres"sion*al (?), a. Of pertaining to transgression; involving a transgression.

Trans*gress"ive (?), a. [Cf. L. transgressivus passing over into another class. F. transgressif.] Disposed or tending to transgress; faulty; culpable. -

Trans*gress"ive*ly, adv.

Adam, perhaps, . . . from the transgressive infirmities of himself, might have erred alone.
Sir T. Browne.

Trans*gress"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. transgresseur.] One who transgresses; one who breaks a law, or violates a command; one who violates any known rule or principle of rectitude; a sinner.

The way of transgressors is hard.
Prov. xiii. 15.

Tran*shape" (?), v. t. To transshape. [R.] J. Webster (1623).

Tran*ship" (?), v. t. Same as Transship.

Tran*ship"ment (?), n. Same as Transshipment.

Trans*hu"man (?), a. [Pref. trans- + human.] More than human; superhuman. [R.]

Words may not tell of that transhuman change.
H. F. Cary.

Trans*hu"man*ize (?), v. t. To make more than human; to purity; to elevate above humanity. [R.]

Souls purified by sorrow and self-denial, transhumanized to the divine abstraction of pure contemplation.
Lowell.

{ Tran"sience (?), Tran"sien*cy (?), } n. The quality of being transient; transientness.

Tran"sient (?), a. [L. transiens, - entis, p. pr. of transire, transitum, to go or pass over. See Trance.] 1. Passing before the sight or perception, or, as it were, moving over or across a space or scene viewed, and then disappearing; hence, of short duration; not permanent; not lasting or durable; not stationary; passing; fleeting; brief; transitory; as, transient pleasure. "Measured this transient world." Milton.

2. Hasty; momentary; imperfect; brief; as, a transient view of a landscape.

3. Staying for a short time; not regular or permanent; as, a transient guest; transient boarders. [Colloq. U. S.]

Syn. -- Transient, Transitory, Fleeting. Transient represents a thing as brief at the best; transitory, as liable at any moment to pass away. Fleeting goes further, and represents it as in the act of taking its flight. Life is transient; its joys are transitory; its hours are fleeting.

What is loose love? A transient gust.
Pope

If [we love] transitory things, which soon decay,
Age must be loveliest at the latest day.
Donne.

O fleeting joys
Of Paradise, dear bought with lasting woes.
Milton.

-- Tran"sient*ly (#), adv. -- Tran"sient*ness, n.

Tran"sient, n. That which remains but for a brief time. Glanvill.

{ Tran*sil"i*ence (?), Tran*sil"i*en*cy (?), } n. [L. transiliens, p. pr. of transilire to leap across or over; trans across, over + salire to leap.] A leap across or from one thing to another. [R.] "An unadvised transiliency." Glanvill.

||Trans*i"re (?), n. [L. transire to pass through or across, to pass.] (End. Law) A customhouse clearance for a coasting vessel; a permit.

Trans"it (?), n. [L. transitus, from transire to go over: cf. F. transit. See Transient.] 1. The act of passing; passage through or over.

In France you are now . . . in the transit from one form of government to another.
Burke.

2. The act or process of causing to pass; conveyance; as, the transit of goods through a country.

3. A line or route of passage or conveyance; as, the Nicaragua transit. E. G. Squier.

4. (Astron.) (a) The passage of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place, or through the field of a telescope. (b) The passage of a smaller body across the disk of a larger, as of Venus across the sun's disk, or of a satellite or its shadow across the disk of its primary.

5. An instrument resembling a theodolite, used by surveyors and engineers; -- called also transit compass, and surveyor's transit.

&fist; The surveyor's transit differs from the theodolite in having the horizontal axis attached directly to the telescope which is not mounted in Y's and can be turned completely over about the axis.

Lower transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across that part of the meridian which is below the polar axis. -- Surveyor's transit. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit circle (Astron.), a transit instrument with a graduated circle attached, used for observing the time of transit and the declination at one observation. See Circle, n., 3. -- Transit compass. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit duty, a duty paid on goods that pass through a country. -- Transit instrument. (Astron.) (a) A telescope mounted at right angles to a horizontal axis, on which it revolves with its line of collimation in the plane of the meridian, -- used in connection with a clock for observing the time of transit of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place. (b) (Surv.) A surveyor's transit. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit trade (Com.), the business conected with the passage of goods through a country to their destination. -- Upper transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across that part of the meridian which is above the polar axis.

Trans"it, v. t. (Astron.) To pass over the disk of (a heavenly body).

Tran*si"tion (?), n. [L. transitio: cf. F. transition. See Transient.] 1. Passage from one place or state to another; charge; as, the transition of the weather from hot to cold.

There is no death, what seems so is transition.
Longfellow.

2. (Mus.) A direct or indirect passing from one key to another; a modulation.

3. (Rhet.) A passing from one subject to another.

[He] with transition sweet, new speech resumes.
Milton.

4. (Biol.) Change from one form to another.

&fist; This word is sometimes pronounced tran*sish"un; but according to Walker, Smart, and most other authorities, the customary and preferable pronunciation is tran*sizh"un, although this latter mode violates analogy. Other authorities say tran*zish"un.

Transition rocks (Geol.), a term formerly applied to the lowest uncrystalline stratified rocks (graywacke) supposed to contain no fossils, and so called because thought to have been formed when the earth was passing from an uninhabitable to a habitable state.

Tran*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to transition; involving or denoting transition; as, transitional changes; transitional stage.

Tran*si"tion*a*ry (?), a. Transitional.

Tran"si*tive (?), a. [L. transitivus: cf. F. transitif. See Transient.] 1. Having the power of making a transit, or passage. [R.] Bacon.

2. Effected by transference of signification.

By far the greater part of the transitive or derivative applications of words depend on casual and unaccountable caprices of the feelings or the fancy.
Stewart.

3. (Gram.) Passing over to an object; expressing an action which is not limited to the agent or subject, but which requires an object to complete the sense; as, a transitive verb, for example, he holds the book.

-- Tran"si*tive*ly, adv. -- Tran"si*tive*ness, n.

Tran"si*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a transitory manner; with brief continuance.

Tran"si*to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being transitory; speedy passage or departure.

Tran"si*to*ry (?), a. [L. transitorius: cf. F. transitoire. See Transient.] Continuing only for a short time; not enduring; fleeting; evanescent.

Comfort and succor all those who, in this transitory life, are in trouble.
Bk. of Com. Prayer.

It was not the transitory light of a comet, which shines and glows for a wile, and then . . . vanishes into nothing.
South.

Transitory action (Law), an action which may be brought in any county, as actions for debt, and the like; -- opposed to local action. Blackstone. Bouvier.

Syn. -- transient; short-lived; brief. See Transient.

Trans*lat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being translated, or rendered into another language.

Trans*late" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Translated; p. pr. & vb. n. Translating.] [f. translatus, used as p. p. of transferre to transfer, but from a different root. See Trans- , and Tolerate, and cf. Translation.] 1. To bear, carry, or remove, from one place to another; to transfer; as, to translate a tree. [Archaic] Dryden.

In the chapel of St. Catharine of Sienna, they show her head- the rest of her body being translated to Rome.
Evelyn.

2. To change to another condition, position, place, or office; to transfer; hence, to remove as by death.

3. To remove to heaven without a natural death.

By faith Enoch was translated, that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translatedhim.
Heb. xi. 5.

4. (Eccl.) To remove, as a bishop, from one see to another. "Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, when the king would have translated him from that poor bishopric to a better, . . . refused." Camden.

5. To render into another language; to express the sense of in the words of another language; to interpret; hence, to explain or recapitulate in other words.

Translating into his own clear, pure, and flowing language, what he found in books well known to the world, but too bulky or too dry for boys and girls.
Macaulay.

6. To change into another form; to transform.

Happy is your grace,
That can translatethe stubbornness of fortune
Into so quiet and so sweet a style.
Shak.

7. (Med.) To cause to remove from one part of the body to another; as, to translate a disease.

8. To cause to lose senses or recollection; to entrance. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

Trans*late, v. i. To make a translation; to be engaged in translation.

Trans*la"tion (?), n. [F. translation, L. translatio a transferring, translation, version. See Translate, and cf. Tralation.] 1. The act of translating, removing, or transferring; removal; also, the state of being translated or removed; as, the translation of Enoch; the translation of a bishop.

2. The act of rendering into another language; interpretation; as, the translation of idioms is difficult.

3. That which is obtained by translating something a version; as, a translation of the Scriptures.

4. (Rhet.) A transfer of meaning in a word or phrase, a metaphor; a tralation. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

5. (Metaph.) Transfer of meaning by association; association of ideas. A. Tucker.

6. (Kinematics) Motion in which all the points of the moving body have at any instant the same velocity and direction of motion; -- opposed to rotation.

Trans`la*ti"tious (?), a. [See Tralatitious.] Metaphorical; tralatitious; also, foreign; exotic. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Trans*lat"ive (?), a. [L. translativus that is to be transferred: cf. F. translatif.] tropical; figurative; as, a translative sense. [R.] Puttenham.

Trans*lat"or (?), n. [L. translator: cf. F. translateur.] 1. One who translates; esp., one who renders into another language; one who expresses the sense of words in one language by equivalent words in another.

2. (Teleg.) A repeating instrument. [Eng.]

Trans*lat"or*ship, n. The office or dignity of a translator.

Trans*lat"o*ry (?), a. Serving to translate; transferring. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Trans*lat"ress (?), n. A woman who translates.

Trans`la*va"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. lavatio, -onis, washing.] A laving or lading from one vessel to another. [Obs.] Holland.

Trans*lit"er*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. litera, littera letter.] To express or represent in the characters of another alphabet; as, to transliterate Sanskrit words by means of English letters. A. J. Ellis.

Trans*lit`er*a"tion (?), n. The act or product of transliterating, or of expressing words of a language by means of the characters of another alphabet.

Trans`lo*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + location.] removal of things from one place to another; substitution of one thing for another.

There happened certain translocations at the deluge.
Woodward.

{ Trans*lu"cence (?), Trans*lu"cen*cy (?), } n. The quality or state of being translucent; clearness; partial transparency. Sir T. Browne.

Trans*lu"cent (?), a. [L. translucens, -entis, p. pr. of translucere to shine through; trans across, through = lucere to shine. See Lucid.] 1. Transmitting rays of light without permitting objects to be distinctly seen; partially transparent.

2. Transparent; clear. [Poetic] "Fountain or fresh current . . . translucent, pure." Milton.

Replenished from the cool, translucent springs.
Pope.

Syn. -- Translucent, Transparent. A thing is translucent when it merely admits the passage of light, without enabling us to distinguish the color and outline of objects through it; it is transparent when we can clearly discern objects placed on the other side of it. Glass, water, etc., are transparent; ground glass is translucent; a translucent style.

Trans*lu"cent*ly, adv. In a translucent manner.

Trans*lu"cid (?), a. [L. translucidus; trans across, through + lucidus lucid: cf. F. translucide. See Translucent.] Translucent. [R.] Bacon.

Trans"lu*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. trans- + L. luna moon.] Being or lying beyond the moon; hence, ethereal; -- opposed to sublunary. [Obs.]

Marlowe, bathed in the Thespian springs,
Had in him those brave, translunary things
That the first poets had.
Drayton.

Trans`ma*rine" (?), a. [L. transmarinus; trans beyond + marinus marine: cf. F. transmarin. See Marine.] Lying or being beyond the sea. Howell.

{ Trans"me*a*ble (?), Trans`me*at"a*ble (?), } a. [L. transmeabilis.] Capable of being passed over or traversed; passable. [Obs.]

Trans"me*ate (?), v. t. [L. transmeatus, p. p. of transmeare to pass across; trans across, over + meare to go.] To pass over or beyond. [Obs.]

Trans`me*a"tion (?), n. The act of transmeating; a passing through or beyond. [Obs.]

Trans*mew" (?), v. t. & i. [F. transmuer, L. transmutare. See Transmute.] To transmute; to transform; to metamorphose. [Archaic] Chaucer. Spenser.

To transmew thyself from a holy hermit into a sinful forester.
Sir W. Scott.

Trans"mi*grant (?), a. [L. transmigrans, p. pr. See Transmigrate.] Migrating or passing from one place or state to another; passing from one residence to another. -- n. One who transmigrates.

Trans"mi*grate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transmigrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transmigrating.] [L. transmigrare, transmigratum; trans across + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.] 1. To pass from one country or jurisdiction to another for the purpose of residence, as men or families; to migrate.

2. To pass from one body or condition into another.

Their may transmigrate into each other.
Howell.

Trans`mi*gra"tion (?), n. [F. transmigration, L. transmigratio.] 1. The act of passing from one country to another; migration.

2. The passing of the soul at death into another mortal body; metempsychosis.

Trans"mi*gra`tor (?), n. One who transmigrates. J. Ellis.

Trans*mi"gra*to*ry (?), a. Passing from one body or state to another.

Trans*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. transmissibilité.] The quality of being transmissible.

Trans*mis"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transmissible.] Capable of being transmitted from one to another; capable of being passed through any body or substance.

Trans*mis"sion (?), n. [L. transmissio; cf. F. transmission. See Transmit.] 1. The act of transmitting, or the state of being transmitted; as, the transmission of letters, writings, papers, news, and the like, from one country to another; the transmission of rights, titles, or privileges, from father to son, or from one generation to another.

2. (Law) The right possessed by an heir or legatee of transmitting to his successor or successors any inheritance, legacy, right, or privilege, to which he is entitled, even if he should die without enjoying or exercising it.

Trans*mis"sive (?), a. Capable of being transmitted; derived, or handed down, from one to another.

Itself a sun, it with transmissive light
Enlivens worlds denied to human sight.
Prior.

Trans*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transmitting.] [L. transmittere, transmissum; trans across, over + mittere to send: cf. F. transmettre. See Missile.] 1. To cause to pass over or through; to communicate by sending; to send from one person or place to another; to pass on or down as by inheritance; as, to transmit a memorial; to transmit dispatches; to transmit money, or bills of exchange, from one country to another.

The ancientest fathers must be next removed, as Clement of Alexandria, and that Eusebian book of evangelic preparation, transmitting our ears through a hoard of heathenish obscenities to receive the gospel.
Milton.

The scepter of that kingdom continued to be transmitted in the dynasty of Castile.
Prescott.

2. To suffer to pass through; as, glass transmits light; metals transmit, or conduct, electricity.

Trans*mit"tal (?), n. Transmission. Swift.

Trans*mit"tance (?), n. Transmission.

Trans*mit"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, transmits; specifically, that portion of a telegraphic or telephonic instrument by means of which a message is sent; -- opposed to receiver.

Trans*mit"ti*ble (?), a. Capable of being transmitted; transmissible.

Trans*mog`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of transmogrifying, or the state of being transmogrified; transformation. [Colloq.]

Clive, who wrote me about the transmogrification of our schoolfellow, an attorney's son.
Thackeray.

Trans*mog"ri*fy (?), v. t. [A humorous coinage.] To change into a different shape; to transform. [Colloq.] Fielding.

Trans*move" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans + move.] To move or change from one state into another; to transform. [Obs.] Spenser.

Trans*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. transmutabilité.] The quality of being transmutable.

Trans*mut"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transmutable. See Transmute.] Capable of being transmuted or changed into a different substance, or into into something of a different form a nature; transformable.

The fluids and solids of an animal body are easily transmutable into one another.
Arbuthnot.

-- Trans*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Trans*mut"a*bly, adv.

Trans`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [F. transmutation, L. transmutatio. See Transmute.] 1. The act of transmuting, or the state of being transmuted; as, the transmutation of metals.

2. (Geom.) The change or reduction of one figure or body into another of the same area or solidity, but of a different form, as of a triangle into a square. [R.]

3. (Biol.) The change of one species into another, which is assumed to take place in any development theory of life; transformism. Bacon.

Transmutation of metals (Alchem.), the conversion of base metals into gold or silver, a process often attempted by the alchemists. See Alchemy, and Philosopher's stone, under Philosopher.

Trans`mu*ta"tion*ist, n. One who believes in the transmutation of metals or of species.

Trans*mute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmuted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transmuting.] [L. transmutare, transmutatum; trans across + mutare to change. See Mutable, and cf. Transmew.] To change from one nature, form, or substance, into another; to transform.

The caresses of parents and the blandishments of friends transmute us into idols.
Buckminster.

Transmuting sorrow into golden joy
Free from alloy.
H. Smith.

Trans*mut"er (?), n. One who transmutes.

Trans*mu"tu*al (?; 135), a. [Pref. trans + mutual.] Reciprocal; commutual. [R.] Coleridge.

Trans`na*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transnatare to swim over; trans across, over + natare to swim.] The act of swimming across, as a river.

Trans*na"ture (?; 135), v. t. [Pref. trans- + nature.] To transfer or transform the nature of. [Obs.]

We are transelemented, or transnatured.
Jewel.

Tran"som (?), n. [Probably fr. L. transtrum a crossbeam, transom, from trans across. Cf. Trestle.] 1. (Arch.) A horizontal crossbar in a window, over a door, or between a door and a window above it. Transom is the horizontal, as mullion is the vertical, bar across an opening. See Illust. of Mullion.

2. (Naut.) One of the principal transverse timbers of the stern, bolted to the sternpost and giving shape to the stern structure; -- called also transsummer.

3. (Gun.) The piece of wood or iron connecting the cheeks of some gun carriages.

4. (Surg.) The vane of a cross-staff. Chambers.

5. (Railroad) One of the crossbeams connecting the side frames of a truck with each other.

Transom knees (Shipbuilding), knees bolted to the transoms and after timbers. -- Transom window. (Arch.) (a) A window divided horizontally by a transom or transoms. (b) A window over a door, with a transom between.

Trans"pa*dane` (?), a. [L. transpadanus; trans across + Padus the Po.] Lying or being on the further side of the river Po with reference to Rome, that is, on the north side; -- opposed to cispadane.

Trans*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pref. trans- + palatine.] (Anat.) Situated beyond or outside the palatine bone; -- said of a bone in the skull of some reptiles.

Trans*pare" (?), v. t. & i. [See Transparent.] To be, or cause to be, transparent; to appear, or cause to appear, or be seen, through something. [Obs.] Stirling.

Trans*par"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. transparence.] The quality or state of being transparent; transparency.

Trans*par"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Transparencies (#). [Cf. F. transparence.] 1. The quality or condition of being transparent; transparence.

2. That which is transparent; especially, a picture painted on thin cloth or glass, or impressed on porcelain, or the like, to be viewed by natural or artificial light, which shines through it. Fairholt.

Trans*par"ent (?), a. [F., from LL. transparens, -entis, p. pr. of transparere to be transparent; L. trans across, through + parere to appear. See Appear.] 1. Having the property of transmitting rays of light, so that bodies can be distinctly seen through; pervious to light; diaphanous; pellucid; as, transparent glass; a transparent diamond; -- opposed to opaque. "Transparent elemental air." Milton.

2. Admitting the passage of light; open; porous; as, a transparent veil. Dryden.

Syn. -- Translucent; pellucid; clear; bright; limpid; lucid; diaphanous. See Translucent.

-- Trans*par"ent*ly, adv. -- Trans*par"ent*ness, n.

Trans*pass" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + pass: cf. LL. transpassare. Cf. Trespass.] To pass over; as, Alexander transpassed the river. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

Trans*pass", v. i. To pass by; to pass away. [Obs.]

Trans*pass"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being transpassed, or crossed over. [Obs.]

Trans*pat"ron*ize (?), v. t. [Trans- + patronize.] To transfer the patronage of. [Obs.] Warner.

Tran*spe"ci*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. species form.] To change from one species to another; to transform. [Obs.]

Power to transpeciate a man into a horse.
Sir T. Browne.

Tran*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. transpicere to see or look through + specere, spicere, to see. Cf. Conspicuous.] Transparent; pervious to the sight. [R.] "The wide, transpicuous air." Milton.

Trans*pierce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transpierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transpiercing (?).] [Pref. trans- + pierce: cf. F. transpercer.] To pierce through; to penetrate; to permeate; to pass through.

The sides transpierced return a rattling sound.
Dryden.

Tran*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transpirable.] Capable of being transpired, or of transpiring.

Tran`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [F. transpiration.] 1. (Physiol.) The act or process of transpiring or excreting in the form of vapor; exhalation, as through the skin or other membranes of the body; as, pulmonary transpiration, or the excretion of aqueous vapor from the lungs. Perspiration is a form of transpiration. Cudworth.

2. (bot.) The evaporation of water, or exhalation of aqueous vapor, from cells and masses of tissue.

3. (Physics) The passing of gases through fine tubes, porous substances, or the like; as, transpiration through membranes.

Tran*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Of or relating to transpiration.

Tran*spire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transpired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transpiring.] [F. transpirer; L. trans across, through + spirare to breathe. See Spirit.] 1. (Physiol.) To pass off in the form of vapor or insensible perspiration; to exhale.

2. (Bot.) To evaporate from living cells.

3. To escape from secrecy; to become public; as, the proceedings of the council soon transpired.

The story of Paulina's and Maximilian's mutual attachment had transpired through many of the travelers.
De Quincey.

4. To happen or come to pass; to occur.

&fist; This sense of the word, which is of comparatively recent introduction, is common in the United States, especially in the language of conversation and of newspaper writers, and is used to some extent in England. Its use, however, is censured by critics of both countries.

Tran*spire", v. t. 1. (Physiol.) To excrete through the skin; to give off in the form of vapor; to exhale; to perspire.

2. (Bot.) To evaporate (moisture) from living cells.

Trans*place" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transplacing (?).] [Pref. trans- + place.] To remove across some space; to put in an opposite or another place. [R.]

It [an obelisk] was transplaced . . . from the left side of the Vatican into a more eminent place.
Bp. Wilkins.

Trans*plant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transplanting.] [F. transplanter, L. transplantare; trans across, over + plantare to plant. See Plant.] 1. To remove, and plant in another place; as, to transplant trees. Dryden.

2. To remove, and settle or establish for residence in another place; as, to transplant inhabitants.

Being transplanted out of his cold, barren diocese of St. David into a warmer climate.
Clarendon.

Trans`plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transplantation.] 1. The act of transplanting, or the state of being transplanted; also, removal.

The transplantation of Ulysses to Sparta.
Broome.

2. (Surg.) The removal of tissues from a healthy part, and the insertion of them in another place where there is a lesion; as, the transplantation of tissues in autoplasty.

Trans*plant"er (?), n. One who transplants; also, a machine for transplanting trees.

Tran*splen"den*cy (?), n. Quality or state of being transplendent. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Tran*splen"dent (?), a. [Trans- + splendent.] Resplendent in the highest degree. [R.] -- Tran*splen"dent*ly, adv. [R.]

Trans*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transported; p. pr. & vb. n. Transporting.] [F. transporter, L. transportare; trans across + portare to carry. See Port bearing, demeanor.] 1. To carry or bear from one place to another; to remove; to convey; as, to transport goods; to transport troops. Hakluyt.

2. To carry, or cause to be carried, into banishment, as a criminal; to banish.

3. To carry away with vehement emotion, as joy, sorrow, complacency, anger, etc.; to ravish with pleasure or ecstasy; as, music transports the soul.

[They] laugh as if transported with some fit
Of passion.
Milton.

We shall then be transported with a nobler . . . wonder.
South.

Trans"port (?), n. [F. See Transport, v.] 1. Transportation; carriage; conveyance.

The Romans . . . stipulated with the Carthaginians to furnish them with ships for transport and war.
Arbuthnot.

2. A vessel employed for transporting, especially for carrying soldiers, warlike stores, or provisions, from one place to another, or to convey convicts to their destination; -- called also transport ship, transport vessel.

3. Vehement emotion; passion; ecstasy; rapture.

With transport views the airy rule his own,
And swells on an imaginary throne.
Pope.

Say not, in transports of despair,
That all your hopes are fled.
Doddridge.

4. A convict transported, or sentenced to exile.

Trans*port`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transportable.

Trans*port"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transportable.] 1. Capable of being transported.

2. Incurring, or subject to, the punishment of transportation; as, a transportable offense.

Trans*port"al (?), n. Transportation; the act of removing from one locality to another. "The transportal of seeds in the wool or fur of quadrupeds." Darwin.

Trans*port"ance (?), n. Transportation. [Obs.] "Give me swift transportance." Shak.

Trans*port"ant (?), a. Transporting; &?;avishing; as, transportant love. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Trans`por*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transportatio: cf. F. transportation.] 1. The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; carriage from one place to another; removal; conveyance.

To provide a vessel for their transportation.
Sir H. Wotton.

2. Transport; ecstasy. [R.] South.

Trans*port"ed (?), a. Conveyed from one place to another; figuratively, carried away with passion or pleasure; entranced. -- Trans*port"ed*ly, adv. -- Trans*port"ed*ness, n.

Trans*port"er (?), n. One who transports.

Trans*port"ing, a. That transports; fig., ravishing.

Your transporting chords ring out.
Keble.

Trans*port"ing*ly, adv. So as to transport.

Trans*port"ment (?), n. The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; transportation. [R.]

Trans*pos"a*ble (?), a. That may transposed; as, a transposable phrase.

Trans*pos"al (?), n. The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed; transposition.

Trans*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transposing.] [F. transposer; pref. trans- (L. trans across) + poser to put. See Pose.]

1. To change the place or order of; to substitute one for the other of; to exchange, in respect of position; as, to transpose letters, words, or propositions.

2. To change; to transform; to invert. [R.]

Things base and vile, holding no quantity,
Love can transpose to form and dignity.
Shak.

3. (Alg.) To bring, as any term of an equation, from one side over to the other, without destroying the equation; thus, if a + b = c, and we make a = c - b, then b is said to be transposed.

4. (Gram.) To change the natural order of, as words.

5. (Mus.) To change the key of.

Trans*pos"er (?), n. One who transposes.

Trans`po*si"tion (?), n. [F. transposition, from L. transponere, transpositum, to set over, remove, transfer; trans across, over + ponere to place. See Position.] The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed. Specifically: --

(a) (Alg.) The bringing of any term of an equation from one side over to the other without destroying the equation.

(b) (Gram.) A change of the natural order of words in a sentence; as, the Latin and Greek languages admit transposition, without inconvenience, to a much greater extent than the English.

(c) (Mus.) A change of a composition into another key.

Trans`po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to transposition; involving transposition. Pegge.

Trans*pos"i*tive (?), a. Made by transposing; consisting in transposition; transposable.

Trans*print" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + print.] To transfer to the wrong place in printing; to print out of place. [R.] Coleridge.

Trans*prose" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + prose.] To change from prose into verse; to versify; also, to change from verse into prose. [Obs.] Dryden.

Trans*re"gion*ate (?), a. [Pref. trans- + region.] Foreign. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Trans*shape" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transshaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transshaping.] [Pref. trans- + shape.] To change into another shape or form; to transform. [Written also transhape.] Shak.

Trans*ship" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + ship.] To transfer from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written also tranship.]

Trans*ship"ment (?), n. The act of transshipping, or transferring, as goods, from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written also transhipment.]

Trans"sum`mer (?), n. (Naut.) See Transom, 2.

Tran`sub*stan"ti*ate (?), v. t. [LL. transubstantiatus, p. p. of transubstantiare to transubstantiate; L. trans across, over + substantia substance. See Substance.] 1. To change into another substance. [R.]

The spider love which transubstantiates all,
And can convert manna to gall.
Donne.

2. (R. C. Theol.) To change, as the sacramental elements, bread and wine, into the flesh and blood of Christ.

Tran`sub*stan`ti*a"tion (?), n. [LL. transubstantiatio: cf. F. transsubstantiation.] 1. A change into another substance.

2. (R. C. Theol.) The doctrine held by Roman Catholics, that the bread and wine in the Mass is converted into the body and blood of Christ; -- distinguished from consubstantiation, and impanation.

Tran`sub*stan"ti*a`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. transsubstantiateur.] One who maintains the doctrine of transubstantiation. Barrow.

Tran`su*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transsudation.] 1. The act or process of transuding.

2. (Physics) Same as Exosmose.

Tran*su"da*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to transudation; passing by transudation.

Tran*sude" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Transuding.] [Pref. trans- + L. sudare to sweat: cf. F. transsuder.] To pass, as perspirable matter does, through the pores or interstices of textures; as, liquor may transude through leather or wood.

Tran*sume" (?), v. t. [L. transumere, transsumere, to take from one to another; trans across + sumere to take.] To change; to convert. [R.] Crashaw.

Tran*sumpt" (?), n. [L. transumere, transumptum, to take from one to another, in LL., to transcribe. See Transume.] A copy or exemplification of a record. [Obs.] Lord Herbert.

Tran*sump"tion (?), n. [L. transumptio.] Act of taking from one place to another. [R.] South.

Tran*sump"tive (?), a. [L. transumptivus.] Taking from one to another; metaphorical. [R.] "A transumptive kind of speech." Drayton.

Fictive, descriptive, digressive, transumptive, and withal definitive.
Lowell.

Trans*va"sate (?), v. t. [See Transvasation.] To pour out of one vessel into another. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Trans`va*sa"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. vas, vasis, vessel.] The act or process of pouring out of one vessel into another. [Obs.] Holland.

Trans*vec"tion (?), n. [L. transvectio, from transvehere to carry across; trans across + vehere to carry.] The act of conveying or carrying over. [R.]

Trans*ver"ber*ate (?), v. t. [L. transverberatus, p. p. of transverberare to strike or pierce through.] To beat or strike through. [Obs.]

Trans*ver"sal (?), a. [Cf. F. transversal. See Transverse.] Running or lying across; transverse; as, a transversal line. -- Trans*ver"sal*ly, adv.

Trans*ver"sal, n. [Cf. F. transversale.] (Geom.) A straight line which traverses or intersects any system of other lines, as a line intersecting the three sides of a triangle or the sides produced.

Trans*verse" (?), a. [L. transversus, p. p. of transvertere to turn on direct across; trans across + vertere to turn: cf. F. transverse. See Verse, and cf. Traverse.] Lying or being across, or in a crosswise direction; athwart; -- often opposed to longitudinal.

Transverse axis (of an ellipse or hyperbola) (Geom.), that axis which passes through the foci. -- Transverse partition (Bot.), a partition, as of a pericarp, at right angles with the valves, as in the siliques of mustard.

Trans"verse (?), n. 1. Anything that is transverse or athwart.

2. (Geom.) The longer, or transverse, axis of an ellipse.

Trans*verse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transversed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transversing.] To overturn; to change. [R.] C. Leslie.

Trans*verse", v. t. [Pref. trans- + verse, n. Cf.Transpose.] To change from prose into verse, or from verse into prose. [Obs.] Duke of Buckingham.

Trans*verse"ly, adv. In a transverse manner.

Trans*ver"sion (?), n. The act of changing from prose into verse, or from verse into prose.

Trans*vert" (?), v. t. [L. transvertere. See Transverse, a.] To cause to turn across; to transverse. [Obs.] Craft of Lovers (1448).

Trans*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being transverted. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Trans`vo*la"tion (?), n. [L. transvolare to fly over or across; trans across + volare to fly.] The act of flying beyond or across. Jer. Taylor.

Trant (?), v. i. [Cf. OD. tranten to walk slowly, LG. & D. trant walk, pace.] To traffic in an itinerary manner; to peddle. [Written also traunt.] [Obs.]

Trant"er (?), n. One who trants; a peddler; a carrier. [Written also traunter.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Trap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trapping.] [Akin to OE. trappe trappings, and perhaps from an Old French word of the same origin as E. drab a kind of cloth.] To dress with ornaments; to adorn; -- said especially of horses.

Steeds . . . that trapped were in steel all glittering.
Chaucer.

To deck his hearse, and trap his tomb-black steed.
Spenser.

There she found her palfrey trapped
In purple blazoned with armorial gold.
Tennyson.

Trap, n. [Sw. trapp; akin to trappa stairs, Dan. trappe, G. treppe, D. trap; -- so called because the rocks of this class often occur in large, tabular masses, rising above one another, like steps. See Tramp.] (Geol.) An old term rather loosely used to designate various dark-colored, heavy igneous rocks, including especially the feldspathic- augitic rocks, basalt, dolerite, amygdaloid, etc., but including also some kinds of diorite. Called also trap rock.

Trap tufa, Trap tuff, a kind of fragmental rock made up of fragments and earthy materials from trap rocks.

Trap, a. Of or pertaining to trap rock; as, a trap dike.

Trap, n. [OE. trappe, AS. treppe; akin to OD. trappe, OHG. trapo; probably fr. the root of E. tramp, as that which is trod upon: cf. F. trappe, which is trod upon: cf. F. trappe, which perhaps influenced the English word.] 1. A machine or contrivance that shuts suddenly, as with a spring, used for taking game or other animals; as, a trap for foxes.

She would weep if that she saw a mouse
Caught in a trap.
Chaucer.

2. Fig.: A snare; an ambush; a stratagem; any device by which one may be caught unawares.

Let their table be made a snare and a trap.
Rom. xi. 9.

God and your majesty
Protect mine innocence, or I fall into
The trap is laid for me!
Shak.

3. A wooden instrument shaped somewhat like a shoe, used in the game of trapball. It consists of a pivoted arm on one end of which is placed the ball to be thrown into the air by striking the other end. Also, a machine for throwing into the air glass balls, clay pigeons, etc., to be shot at.

4. The game of trapball.

5. A bend, sag, or partitioned chamber, in a drain, soil pipe, sewer, etc., arranged so that the liquid contents form a seal which prevents passage of air or gas, but permits the flow of liquids.

6. A place in a water pipe, pump, etc., where air accumulates for want of an outlet.

7. A wagon, or other vehicle. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

8. A kind of movable stepladder. Knight.

Trap stairs, a staircase leading to a trapdoor. -- Trap tree (Bot.) the jack; - - so called because it furnishes a kind of birdlime. See 1st Jack.

Trap (?), v. t. [AS. treppan. See Trap a snare.]

1. To catch in a trap or traps; as, to trap foxes.

2. Fig.: To insnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap. "I trapped the foe." Dryden.

3. To provide with a trap; as, to trap a drain; to trap a sewer pipe. See 4th Trap, 5.

Trap, v. i. To set traps for game; to make a business of trapping game; as, to trap for beaver.

Tra*pan" (?), n. [OF. trappan. See Trap, and cf. Trepan a snare.] A snare; a stratagem; a trepan. See 3d Trepan. South.

Tra*pan", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trapanning.] To insnare; to catch by stratagem; to entrap; to trepan.

Having some of his people trapanned at Baldivia.
Anson.

Tra*pan"ner (?), n. One who trapans, or insnares.

Trap"ball` (?), n. An old game of ball played with a trap. See 4th Trap, 4.

Trap"door` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) A lifting or sliding door covering an opening in a roof or floor.

2. (Mining) A door in a level for regulating the ventilating current; -- called also weather door. Raymond.

Trapdoor spider (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large spiders which make a nest consisting of a vertical hole in the earth, lined with a hinged lid, like a trapdoor. Most of the species belong to the genus Cteniza, as the California species (C. Californica).

Trape (?), v. i. [See Tramp, and cf. Traipse.] To walk or run about in an idle or slatternly manner; to traipse. [Obs. or Colloq.]

Trapes (?), n. [See Trape.] A slattern; an idle, sluttish, or untidy woman. [Obs. or Colloq.]

Trapes, v. i. To go about in an idle or slatternly fashion; to trape; to traipse. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Trap"e*zate (?), a. [See Trapezium.] Having the form of a trapezium; trapeziform.

Tra*peze" (?), n. [Cf. F. trapèze.] 1. (Geom.) A trapezium. See Trapezium, 1.

2. A swinging horizontal bar, suspended at each end by a rope; -- used by gymnasts.

Tra*pe"zi*form (?), a. [Trapezium + -form: cf. F. trapéziforme.] Having the form of a trapezium; trapezoid.

Tra*pe"zi*um (?), n.; pl. E. Trapeziums (#), L. Trapezia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a little table, an irregular four-sided figure, dim. of &?; a table, for &?;; &?; (see Tetra-) + &?; foot, akin to &?; foot; hence, originally, a table with four feet. See Foot.] 1. (Geom.) A plane figure bounded by four right lines, of which no two are parallel.

2. (Anat.) (a) A bone of the carpus at the base of the first metacarpal, or thumb. (b) A region on the ventral side of the brain, either just back of the pons Varolii, or, as in man, covered by the posterior extension of its transverse fibers.

Trap`e*zo*he"dral (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a trapezohedron.

Trap`e*zo*he"dron (?), n. [NL., from trapezium + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit.] (Crystalloq.) (a) A solid bounded by twenty- four equal and similar trapeziums; a tetragonal trisoctahedron. See the Note under Trisoctahedron. (b) A tetartohedral solid of the hexagonal system, bounded by six trapezoidal planes. The faces of this form are common on quartz crystals.

Trap"e*zoid (?), n. [Gr. &?; trapezoid- shaped; &?; table + &?; shape, likeness: cf. F. trapézoïde. See Trapezium.] 1. (Geom.) A plane four-sided figure, having two sides parallel to each other.

2. (Anat.) A bone of the carpus at the base of the second metacarpal, or index finger.

Trap"e*zoid, a. 1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoidal; as, the trapezoid ligament which connects the coracoid process and the clavicle.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the trapezoid ligament; as, the trapezoid line.

Trap`e*zoid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. trapézoïdal.]

1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoid.

2. (Min.) Trapezohedral.

Trap"hole (?), n. (Mil.) See Trou-de-loup.

Trap"pe*an (?), a. [Cf. F. trappéen. See Trap a kind of rock.] (Min.) Of or pertaining to trap; being of the nature of trap.

Trap"per (?), n. [From Trap to insnare.] 1. One who traps animals; one who makes a business of trapping animals for their furs. W. Irving.

2. (Mining) A boy who opens and shuts a trapdoor in a gallery or level. Raymond.

Trap"pings (?), n. pl. [From Trap to dress with ornaments.] 1. That which serves to trap or adorn; ornaments; dress; superficial decorations.

Trappings of life, for ornament, not use.
Dryden.

These but the trappings and the suits of woe.
Shak.

2. Specifically, ornaments to be put on horses.

Caparisons and steeds,
Bases and tinsel trappings.
Milton.

Trap"pist (?), n. [F. trappiste.] (R. C. Ch.) A monk belonging to a branch of the Cistercian Order, which was established by Armand de Rancé in 1660 at the monastery of La Trappe in Normandy. Extreme austerity characterizes their discipline. They were introduced permanently into the United States in 1848, and have monasteries in Iowa and Kentucky.

Trap"pous (?), n. [From Trap a kind of rock.] (Min.) Of or performance to trap; resembling trap, or partaking of its form or qualities; trappy.

Trap"pures (?), n. pl. [See Trap to dress.] Trappings for a horse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trap"py (?), a. (Min.) Same as Trappous.

Traps (?), n. pl. [See Trappings, and Trap to dress.] Small or portable articles for dress, furniture, or use; goods; luggage; things. [Colloq.]

Trap"stick` (?), n. A stick used in playing the game of trapball; hence, fig., a slender leg. Addison.

Trash (?), n. [Cf. Icel. tros rubbish, leaves, and twigs picked up for fuel, trassi a slovenly fellow, Sw. trasa a rag, tatter.] 1. That which is worthless or useless; rubbish; refuse.

Who steals my purse steals trash.
Shak.

A haunch of venison would be trash to a Brahmin.
Landor.

2. Especially, loppings and leaves of trees, bruised sugar cane, or the like.

&fist; In the West Indies, the decayed leaves and stems of canes are called field trash; the bruised or macerated rind of canes is called cane trash; and both are called trash. B. Edwards.

3. A worthless person. [R.] Shak.

4. A collar, leash, or halter used to restrain a dog in pursuing game. Markham.

Trash ice, crumbled ice mixed with water.

Trash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trashing.] 1. To free from trash, or worthless matter; hence, to lop; to crop, as to trash the rattoons of sugar cane. B. Edwards.

2. To treat as trash, or worthless matter; hence, to spurn, humiliate, or crush. [Obs.]

3. To hold back by a trash or leash, as a dog in pursuing game; hence, to retard, encumber, or restrain; to clog; to hinder vexatiously. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

Trash, v. i. To follow with violence and trampling. [R.] The Puritan (1607).

Trash"i*ly (?), adv. In a trashy manner.

Trash"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being trashy.

Trash"y (?), a. [Compar. Trashier (?); superl. Trashiest.] Like trash; containing much trash; waste; rejected; worthless; useless; as, a trashy novel.

Trass (?), n. [D. tras or Gr. trass, probably fr. It. terrazzo terrace. See Terrace.] (Geol.) A white to gray volcanic tufa, formed of decomposed trachytic cinders; -- sometimes used as a cement. Hence, a coarse sort of plaster or mortar, durable in water, and used to line cisterns and other reservoirs of water. [Formerly written also tarras, tarrace, terras.]

&fist; The Dutch trass is made by burning and grinding a soft grayish rock found on the lower Rhine.

Trau"lism (?), n. [Gr. &?; a lisping, fr. &?; to lisp, to mispronounce.] A stammering or stuttering. [Obs.] Dalgarno.

Trau*mat"ic (?), a. [L. traumaticus, Gr. &?;, from &?;, &?;, a wound: cf. F. traumatique.] (Med.) (a) Of or pertaining to wounds; applied to wounds. Coxe. (b) Adapted to the cure of wounds; vulnerary. Wiseman. (c) Produced by wounds; as, traumatic tetanus. -- n. A traumatic medicine.

Trau"ma*tism (?), n. (Med.) A wound or injury directly produced by causes external to the body; also, violence producing a wound or injury; as, rupture of the stomach caused by traumatism.

Traunce (?), n. & v. See Trance. [Obs.]

Traunt (?), v. i. Same as Trant. [Obs.]

Traunt"er (?), n. Same as Tranter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Trav"ail (?; 48), n. [F. travail; cf. Pr. trabalh, trebalh, toil, torment, torture; probably from LL. trepalium a place where criminals are tortured, instrument of torture. But the French word may be akin to L. trabs a beam, or have been influenced by a derivative from trabs (cf. Trave). Cf. Travel.] 1. Labor with pain; severe toil or exertion.

As everything of price, so this doth require travail.
Hooker.

2. Parturition; labor; as, an easy travail.

Trav"ail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Travailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Travailing.] [F. travailler, OF. traveillier, travaillier, to labor, toil, torment; cf. Pr. trebalhar to torment, agitate. See Travail, n.] 1. To labor with pain; to toil. [Archaic] "Slothful persons which will not travail for their livings." Latimer.

2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth; to be in labor.

Trav"ail, v. t. To harass; to tire. [Obs.]

As if all these troubles had not been sufficient to travail the realm, a great division fell among the nobility.
Hayward.

Trav"ail*ous (?), a. Causing travail; laborious. [Obs.] Wyclif. -- Trav"ail*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Trave (?), n. [Through French, fr. L. trabs, trabis, a beam; cf. OF. tref a beam, also F. travail a frame to confine a horse, OE. trave, trevys, travise, It. travaglio, F. travée the space between two beams.] 1. (Arch.) A crossbeam; a lay of joists. Maundrell.

2. A wooden frame to confine an unruly horse or ox while shoeing.

She sprung as a colt doth in the trave.
Chaucer.

Trav"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traveled (?) or Travelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Traveling or Travelling.] [Properly, to labor, and the same word as travail.] 1. To labor; to travail. [Obsoles.] Hooker.

2. To go or march on foot; to walk; as, to travel over the city, or through the streets.

3. To pass by riding, or in any manner, to a distant place, or to many places; to journey; as, a man travels for his health; he is traveling in California.

4. To pass; to go; to move.

Time travels in divers paces with divers persons.
Shak.

Trav"el (?), v. t. 1. To journey over; to traverse; as, to travel the continent. "I travel this profound." Milton.

2. To force to journey. [R.]

They shall not be traveled forth of their own franchises.
Spenser.

Trav"el, n. 1. The act of traveling, or journeying from place to place; a journey.

With long travel I am stiff and weary.
Shak.

His travels ended at his country seat.
Dryden.

2. pl. An account, by a traveler, of occurrences and observations during a journey; as, a book of travels; -- often used as the title of a book; as, Travels in Italy.

3. (Mach.) The length of stroke of a reciprocating piece; as, the travel of a slide valve.

4. Labor; parturition; travail. [Obs.]

Trav"eled (?), a. Having made journeys; having gained knowledge or experience by traveling; hence, knowing; experienced. [Written also travelled.]

The traveled thane, Athenian Aberdeen.
Byron.

Trav"el*er (?), n. [Written also traveler.] 1. One who travels; one who has traveled much.

2. A commercial agent who travels for the purpose of receiving orders for merchants, making collections, etc.

3. (Mach.) A traveling crane. See under Crane.

4. (Spinning) The metal loop which travels around the ring surrounding the bobbin, in a ring spinner.

5. (Naut.) An iron encircling a rope, bar, spar, or the like, and sliding thereon.

Traveler's joy (Bot.), the Clematis vitalba, a climbing plant with white flowers. -- Traveler's tree. (Bot.) See Ravenala.

Trav"el-taint`ed (?), a. Harassed; fatigued with travel. [Obs.] Shak.

Trav"ers (?), adv. [F. travers, breadth, extent from side, à travers, en travers, de travers, across, athwart. See Traverse, a.] Across; athwart. [Obs.]

The earl . . . caused . . . high trees to be hewn down, and laid travers one over another.
Ld. Berners.

Trav"ers*a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being traversed, or passed over; as, a traversable region.

2. Deniable; specifically (Law), liable to legal objection; as, a traversable presentment. Sir M. Hale.

Trav"erse (?), a. [OF. travers, L. transversus, p. p. of transvertere to turn or direct across. See Transverse, and cf. Travers.] Lying across; being in a direction across something else; as, paths cut with traverse trenches.

Oak . . . being strong in all positions, may be better trusted in cross and traverse work.
Sir H. Wotton.

The ridges of the fallow field traverse.
Hayward.

Traverse drill (Mach.), a machine tool for drilling slots, in which the work or tool has a lateral motion back and forth; also, a drilling machine in which the spindle holder can be adjusted laterally.

Trav"erse (?), adv. Athwart; across; crosswise.

Trav"erse, n. [F. traverse. See Traverse, a.] 1. Anything that traverses, or crosses. Specifically: --

(a) Something that thwarts, crosses, or obstructs; a cross accident; as, he would have succeeded, had it not been for unlucky traverses not under his control.

(b) A barrier, sliding door, movable screen, curtain, or the like.

Men drinken and the travers draw anon.
Chaucer.

And the entrance of the king,
The first traverse was drawn.
F. Beaumont.

(c) (Arch.) A gallery or loft of communication from side to side of a church or other large building. Gwilt.

(d) (Fort.) A work thrown up to intercept an enfilade, or reverse fire, along exposed passage, or line of work.

(e) (Law) A formal denial of some matter of fact alleged by the opposite party in any stage of the pleadings. The technical words introducing a traverse are absque hoc, without this; that is, without this which follows.

(f) (Naut.) The zigzag course or courses made by a ship in passing from one place to another; a compound course.

(g) (Geom.) A line lying across a figure or other lines; a transversal.

(h) (Surv.) A line surveyed across a plot of ground.

(i) (Gun.) The turning of a gun so as to make it point in any desired direction.

2. A turning; a trick; a subterfuge. [Obs.]

To work, or solve, a traverse (Naut.), to reduce a series of courses or distances to an equivalent single one; to calculate the resultant of a traverse. -- Traverse board (Naut.), a small board hung in the steerage, having the points of the compass marked on it, and for each point as many holes as there are half hours in a watch. It is used for recording the courses made by the ship in each half hour, by putting a peg in the corresponding hole. -- Traverse jury (Law), a jury that tries cases; a petit jury. -- Traverse sailing (Naut.), a sailing by compound courses; the method or process of finding the resulting course and distance from a series of different shorter courses and distances actually passed over by a ship. -- Traverse table. (a) (Naut. & Surv.) A table by means of which the difference of latitude and departure corresponding to any given course and distance may be found by inspection. It contains the lengths of the two sides of a right-angled triangle, usually for every quarter of a degree of angle, and for lengths of the hypothenuse, from 1 to 100. (b) (Railroad) A platform with one or more tracks, and arranged to move laterally on wheels, for shifting cars, etc., from one line of track to another.

Trav"erse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traversed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Traversing.] [Cf. F. traverser. See Traverse, a.] 1. To lay in a cross direction; to cross.

The parts should be often traversed, or crossed, by the flowing of the folds.
Dryden.

2. To cross by way of opposition; to thwart with obstacles; to obstruct; to bring to naught.

I can not but . . . admit the force of this reasoning, which I yet hope to traverse.
Sir W. Scott.

3. To wander over; to cross in traveling; as, to traverse the habitable globe.

What seas you traversed, and what fields you fought.
Pope.

4. To pass over and view; to survey carefully.

My purpose is to traverse the nature, principles, and properties of this detestable vice -- ingratitude.
South.

5. (Gun.) To turn to the one side or the other, in order to point in any direction; as, to traverse a cannon.

6. (Carp.) To plane in a direction across the grain of the wood; as, to traverse a board.

7. (Law) To deny formally, as what the opposite party has alleged. When the plaintiff or defendant advances new matter, he avers it to be true, and traverses what the other party has affirmed. To traverse an indictment or an office is to deny it.

And save the expense of long litigious laws,
Where suits are traversed, and so little won
That he who conquers is but last undone.
Dryden.

To traverse a yard (Naut.), to brace it fore and aft.

Trav"erse (?), v. i. 1. To use the posture or motions of opposition or counteraction, as in fencing.

To see thee fight, to see thee foin, to see thee traverse.
Shak.

2. To turn, as on a pivot; to move round; to swivel; as, the needle of a compass traverses; if it does not traverse well, it is an unsafe guide.

3. To tread or move crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup to one side and his head to the other.

Trav"ers*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, traverses, or moves, as an index on a scale, and the like.

2. (Law) One who traverses, or denies.

3. (Railroad) A traverse table. See under Traverse, n.

Trav"ers*ing, a. Adjustable laterally; having a lateral motion, or a swinging motion; adapted for giving lateral motion.

Traversing plate (Mil.), one of two thick iron plates at the hinder part of a gun carriage, where the handspike is applied in traversing the piece. Wilhelm. -- Traversing platform (Mil.), a platform for traversing guns.

Trav"er*tine (?), n. [F. travertin, It. travertino, tiburtino, L. lapis Tiburtinus, fr. Tibur an ancient town of Latium, now Tivoli.] (Min.) A white concretionary form of calcium carbonate, usually hard and semicrystalline. It is deposited from the water of springs or streams holding lime in solution. Extensive deposits exist at Tivoli, near Rome.

Trav"es*ty (?), a. [F. travesti, p. p. of travestir to disguise, to travesty, It. travestire, fr. L. trans across, over + vestire to dress, clothe. See Vest.] Disguised by dress so as to be ridiculous; travestied; - - applied to a book or shorter composition. [R.]

Trav"es*ty, n.; pl. Travesties (&?;). A burlesque translation or imitation of a work.

The second edition is not a recast, but absolutely a travesty of the first.
De Quincey.

Trav"es*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Travestied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Travesting.] To translate, imitate, or represent, so as to render ridiculous or ludicrous.

I see poor Lucan travestied, not appareled in his Roman toga, but under the cruel shears of an English tailor.
Bentley.

Trawl (?), v. i. [OF. trauler, troller, F. trôter, to drag about, to stroll about; probably of Teutonic origin. Cf. Troll, v. t.] To take fish, or other marine animals, with a trawl.

Trawl, n. 1. A fishing line, often extending a mile or more, having many short lines bearing hooks attached to it. It is used for catching cod, halibut, etc.; a boulter. [U. S. & Canada]

2. A large bag net attached to a beam with iron frames at its ends, and dragged at the bottom of the sea, -- used in fishing, and in gathering forms of marine life from the sea bottom.

Trawl"boat` (?), n. A boat used in fishing with trawls or trawlnets.

Trawl"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, trawls.

2. A fishing vessel which trails a net behind it.

Trawl"er*man (?), n.; pl. Trawlermen (&?;). A fisherman who used unlawful arts and engines to catch fish. [Obs.] Cowell.

Trawl"net` (?), n. Same as Trawl, n., 2.

Trawl"warp` (?), n. A rope passing through a block, used in managing or dragging a trawlnet.

Tray (?), v. t. [OF. traïr, F. trahir, L. tradere. See Traitor.] To betray; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tray, n.; pl. Trays (#). [OE. treye, AS. treg. Cf. Trough.] 1. A small trough or wooden vessel, sometimes scooped out of a block of wood, for various domestic uses, as in making bread, chopping meat, etc.

2. A flat, broad vessel on which dishes, glasses, etc., are carried; a waiter; a salver.

3. A shallow box, generally without a top, often used within a chest, trunk, box, etc., as a removable receptacle for small or light articles.

Tray"ful (?), n.; pl. Trayfuls (&?;). As much as a tray will hold; enough to fill a tray.

Trays (?), n. pl. [Obs.] See Trais. Chaucer.

Tray"-trip` (?), n. [From Trey a three.] An old game played with dice. [Obs.] Shak.

Treach"er (?), n. [OE. trichour, trichur, OF. tricheor deceiver, traitor, F. tricheur a cheat at play, a trickster. See Treachery.] A traitor; a cheat. [Obs.]

Treacher and coward both.
Beau. & Fl.

Treach"er*ous (?), a. [See Treacher.] Like a traitor; involving treachery; violating allegiance or faith pledged; traitorous to the state or sovereign; perfidious in private life; betraying a trust; faithless.

Loyal father of a treacherous son.
Shak.

The treacherous smile, a mask for secret hate.
Cowper.

Syn. -- Faithless; perfidious; traitorous; false; insidious; plotting.

-- Treach"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Treach"er*ous*ness, n.

Treach"er*y (?), n. [OE. trecherïe, trichere, OF. trecherie, tricherie, F. tricherie trickery, from tricher to cheat, to trick, OF. trichier, trechier; probably of Teutonic origin. See Trickery, Trick.] Violation of allegiance or of faith and confidence; treasonable or perfidious conduct; perfidy; treason.

Be ware, ye lords, of their treachery.
Chaucer.

In the council chamber at Edinburgh, he had contracted a deep taint of treachery and corruption.
Macaulay.

{ Treach"e*tour (?), Treach"our (?), } n. [See Treacher.] A traitor. [Obs.] "Treachour full of false despite." Spenser.

Trea"cle (trē"k'l), n. [OE. triacle a sovereign remedy, theriac, OF. triacle, F. thériaque (cf. Pr. triacla, tiriaca, Sp. & It. triaca, teriaca), L. theriaca an antidote against the bite of poisonous animals, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; of wild or venomous beasts, fr. qhri`on a beast, a wild beast, dim. of qh`r a beast. Cf. Theriac.] 1. (Old Med.) A remedy against poison. See Theriac, 1.

We kill the viper, and make treacle of him.
Jer. Taylor.

2. A sovereign remedy; a cure. [Obs.]

Christ which is to every harm treacle.
Chaucer.

3. Molasses; sometimes, specifically, the molasses which drains from the sugar-refining molds, and which is also called sugarhouse molasses.

&fist; In the United States molasses is the common name; in England, treacle.

4. A saccharine fluid, consisting of the inspissated juices or decoctions of certain vegetables, as the sap of the birch, sycamore, and the like.

Treacle mustard (Bot.), a name given to several species of the cruciferous genus Erysimum, especially the E. cheiranthoides, which was formerly used as an ingredient in Venice treacle, or theriac. -- Treacle water, a compound cordial prepared in different ways from a variety of ingredients, as hartshorn, roots of various plants, flowers, juices of plants, wines, etc., distilled or digested with Venice treacle. It was formerly regarded as a medicine of great virtue. Nares. -- Venice treacle. (Old Med.) Same as Theriac, 1.

Trea"cly (?), a. Like, or composed of, treacle.

Tread (?), v. i. [imp. Trod (?); p. p. Trodden (?), Trod; p. pr. & vb. n. Treading.] [OE. treden, AS. tredan; akin to OFries. treda, OS. tredan, D. & LG. treden, G. treten, OHG. tretan, Icel. tro&?;a, Sw. tråda, träda, Dan. træde, Goth. trudan, and perhaps ultimately to F. tramp; cf. Gr. &?; a running, Skr. dram to run. Cf. Trade, Tramp, Trot.] 1. To set the foot; to step.

Where'er you tread, the blushing flowers shall rise.
Pope.

Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
Pope.

The hard stone
Under our feet, on which we tread and go.
Chaucer.

2. To walk or go; especially, to walk with a stately or a cautious step.

Ye that . . . stately tread, or lowly creep.
Milton.

3. To copulate; said of birds, esp. the males. Shak.

To tread on or upon. (a) To trample; to set the foot on in contempt. "Thou shalt tread upon their high places." Deut. xxxiii. 29. (b) to follow closely. "Year treads on year." Wordsworth. -- To tread upon the heels of, to follow close upon. "Dreadful consequences that tread upon the heels of those allowances to sin." Milton.

One woe doth tread upon another's heel.
Shak.

Tread, v. t. 1. To step or walk on.

Forbid to tread the promised land he saw.
Prior.

Methought she trod the ground with greater grace.
Dryden.

2. To beat or press with the feet; as, to tread a path; to tread land when too light; a well- trodden path.

3. To go through or accomplish by walking, dancing, or the like. " I am resolved to forsake Malta, tread a pilgrimage to fair Jerusalem." Beau. & Fl.

They have measured many a mile,
To tread a measure with you on this grass.
Shak.

4. To crush under the foot; to trample in contempt or hatred; to subdue.

Through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us.
Ps. xliv. 5.

5. To copulate with; to feather; to cover; -- said of the male bird. Chaucer.

To tread out, to press out with the feet; to press out, as wine or wheat; as, to tread out grain with cattle or horses. -- To tread the stage, to act as a stageplayer; to perform a part in a drama.

Tread, n. 1. A step or stepping; pressure with the foot; a footstep; as, a nimble tread; a cautious tread.

She is coming, my own, my sweet;
Were it ever so airy a tread,
My heart would hear her and beat.
Tennyson.

2. Manner or style of stepping; action; gait; as, the horse has a good tread.

3. Way; track; path. [R.] Shak.

4. The act of copulation in birds.

5. (Arch.) The upper horizontal part of a step, on which the foot is placed.

6. (Fort.) The top of the banquette, on which soldiers stand to fire over the parapet.

7. (Mach.) (a) The part of a wheel that bears upon the road or rail. (b) The part of a rail upon which car wheels bear.

8. (Biol.) The chalaza of a bird's egg; the treadle.

9. (Far.) A bruise or abrasion produced on the foot or ankle of a horse that interferes. See Interfere, 3.

Tread"board` (?), n. [Arch.] See Tread, n., 5.

Tread"er (?), n. One who treads. Isa. xvi. 10.

Tread"fowl` (?), n. A cock. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trea"dle (?), n. [OE. tredyl a step, AS. tredel. See Tread.] 1. The part of a foot lathe, or other machine, which is pressed or moved by the foot.

2. (Biol.) The chalaza of a bird's egg; the tread.

Tread"mill` (?), n. A mill worked by persons treading upon steps on the periphery of a wide wheel having a horizontal axis. It is used principally as a means of prison discipline. Also, a mill worked by horses, dogs, etc., treading an endless belt.

Tread"-soft`ly (?), n. (Bot.) Spurge nettle. See under Nettle.

Tread"wheel` (?), n. A wheel turned by persons or animals, by treading, climbing, or pushing with the feet, upon its periphery or face. See Treadmill.

Treague (?), n. [It. tregua; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. true.] A truce. [Obs.] Spenser.

Trea"son (?), n. [OE. tresun, treisun, traisoun, OF. traïson, F. trahison, L. traditio a giving up, a delivering up, fr. tradere to give up, betray. See Traitor, and cf. Tradition.] 1. The offense of attempting to overthrow the government of the state to which the offender owes allegiance, or of betraying the state into the hands of a foreign power; disloyalty; treachery.

The treason of the murthering in the bed.
Chaucer.

&fist; In monarchies, the killing of the sovereign, or an attempt to take his life, is treason. In England, to imagine or compass the death of the king, or of the queen consort, or of the heir apparent to the crown, is high treason, as are many other offenses created by statute. In the United States, treason is confined to the actual levying of war against the United States, or to an adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.

2. Loosely, the betrayal of any trust or confidence; treachery; perfidy.

If he be false, she shall his treason see.
Chaucer.

Petit treason. See under Petit.

Trea"son*a*ble (?), a. Pertaining to treason; consisting of treason; involving the crime of treason, or partaking of its guilt.

Most men's heads had been intoxicated with imaginations of plots and treasonable practices.
Clarendon.

Syn. -- Treacherous; traitorous; perfidious; insidious.

--Trea"son*a*ble*ness, n. -- Trea"son*a*bly, adv.

Trea"son*ous (?), a. Treasonable. Shak.

The treasonous book of the Court of King James.
Pepys.

Treas"ure (?), n. [OE. tresor, tresour, F. trésor, L. thesaurus, Gr. &?; a stone laid up, treasure, probably from the root of &?; to put, place. See Thesis, and cf. Thesaurus.] 1. Wealth accumulated; especially, a stock, or store of money in reserve.

This treasure hath fortune unto us given.
Chaucer.

2. A great quantity of anything collected for future use; abundance; plenty.

We have treasures in the field, of wheat and of barley, and of oil and of honey.
Jer. xli. 8.

3. That which is very much valued.

Ye shall be peculiar treasure unto me.
Ex. xix. 5.

From thy wardrobe bring thy chiefest treasure.
Milton.

Treasure city, a city for stores and magazines. Ex. i. 11.

Treas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treasured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Treasuring.] To collect and deposit, as money or other valuable things, for future use; to lay up; to hoard; usually with up; as, to treasure up gold.

Treas"ure-house` (?), n. A house or building where treasures and stores are kept.

Treas"ur*er (?), n. [OE. tresourer, F. trésorier.] One who has the care of a treasure or treasure or treasury; an officer who receives the public money arising from taxes and duties, or other sources of revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon orders made by the proper authority; one who has charge of collected funds; as, the treasurer of a society or corporation.

Lord high treasurer of England, formerly, the third great officer of the crown. His office is now executed by five persons styled the lords commissioners of the treasury, or treasury lords.

Treas"ur*er*ship, n. The office of treasurer.

Treas"ur*ess, n. A woman who is a treasurer. [R.]

Treas"ure-trove` (?), n. [Treasure + OF. trové, F. trouvé, p. p. of OF. trover to find, F. trouver. See Trover.] (Common Law) Any money, bullion, or the like, found in the earth, or otherwise hidden, the owner of which is not known. In England such treasure belongs to the crown; whereas similar treasure found in the sea, or upon the surface of the land, belongs to the finder if no owner appears.

Treas"ur*y (?), n.; pl. Treasuries (#). [OE. tresorie, F. trésorerie.] 1. A place or building in which stores of wealth are deposited; especially, a place where public revenues are deposited and kept, and where money is disbursed to defray the expenses of government; hence, also, the place of deposit and disbursement of any collected funds.

2. That department of a government which has charge of the finances.

3. A repository of abundance; a storehouse.

4. Hence, a book or work containing much valuable knowledge, wisdom, wit, or the like; a thesaurus; as, " Maunder's Treasury of Botany."

5. A treasure. [Obs.] Marston.

Board of treasury, the board to which is intrusted the management of all matters relating to the sovereign's civil list or other revenues. [Eng.] Brande & C. -- Treasury bench, the first row of seats on the right hand of the Speaker in the House of Commons; -- so called because occupied by the first lord of the treasury and chief minister of the crown. [Eng.] -- Treasury lord. See Lord high treasurer of England, under Treasurer. [Eng.] -- Treasury note (U. S. Finance), a circulating note or bill issued by government authority from the Treasury Department, and receivable in payment of dues to the government.

Treat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treated; p. pr. & vb. n. Treating.] [OE. treten, OF. traitier, F. traiter, from L. tractare to draw violently, to handle, manage, treat, v. intens. from trahere, tractum, to draw. See Trace, v. t., and cf. Entreat, Retreat, Trait.] 1. To handle; to manage; to use; to bear one's self toward; as, to treat prisoners cruelly; to treat children kindly.

2. To discourse on; to handle in a particular manner, in writing or speaking; as, to treat a subject diffusely.

3. To entertain with food or drink, especially the latter, as a compliment, or as an expression of friendship or regard; as, to treat the whole company.

4. To negotiate; to settle; to make terms for. [Obs.]

To treat the peace, a hundred senators
Shall be commissioned.
Dryden.

5. (Med.) To care for medicinally or surgically; to manage in the use of remedies or appliances; as, to treat a disease, a wound, or a patient.

6. To subject to some action; to apply something to; as, to treat a substance with sulphuric acid. Ure.

7. To entreat; to beseech. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

Treat (?), v. i. 1. To discourse; to handle a subject in writing or speaking; to make discussion; -- usually with of; as, Cicero treats of old age and of duties.

And, shortly of this story for to treat.
Chaucer.

Now of love they treat.
Milton.

2. To negotiate; to come to terms of accommodation; -- often followed by with; as, envoys were appointed to treat with France.

Inform us, will the emperor treat!
Swift.

3. To give a gratuitous entertainment, esp. of food or drink, as a compliment.

Treat, n. 1. A parley; a conference. [Obs.]

Bid him battle without further treat.
Spenser.

2. An entertainment given as an expression of regard.

3. That which affords entertainment; a gratification; a satisfaction; as, the concert was a rich treat.

Treat"a*ble (?), a. [OE. tretable, F. traitable, L. tractabilis. See Treat, and cf. Tractable.] Manageable; tractable; hence, moderate; not violent. [Obs.] " A treatable disposition, a strong memory." R. Parr.

A kind of treatable dissolution.
Hooker.

The heats or the colds of seasons are less treatable than with us.
Sir W. Temple.

Treat"a*bly, adv. In a treatable manner. [Obs.]

Treat"er (?), n. One who treats; one who handles, or discourses on, a subject; also, one who entertains.

Trea"tise (?), n. [OE. tretis, OF. treitis, traitis, well made. See Treat.] 1. A written composition on a particular subject, in which its principles are discussed or explained; a tract. Chaucer.

He published a treatise in which he maintained that a marriage between a member of the Church of England and a dissenter was a nullity.
Macaulay.

&fist; A treatise implies more form and method than an essay, but may fall short of the fullness and completeness of a systematic exposition.

2. Story; discourse. [R.] Shak.

Trea"tis*er (?), n. One who writes a treatise. [Obs.]

Treat"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. traitement. See Treat.] 1. The act or manner of treating; management; manipulation; handling; usage; as, unkind treatment; medical treatment.

2. Entertainment; treat. [Obs.]

Accept such treatment as a swain affords.
Pope.

Trea"ture (?), n. Treatment. [Obs.] Fabyan.

Trea"ty (?), n.; pl. Treaties (#). [OE. tretee, F. traité, LL. tractatus; cf. L. tractatus a handling, treatment, consultation, tractate. See Treat, and cf. Tractate.] 1. The act of treating for the adjustment of differences, as for forming an agreement; negotiation. "By sly and wise treaty." Chaucer.

He cast by treaty and by trains
Her to persuade.
Spenser.

2. An agreement so made; specifically, an agreement, league, or contract between two or more nations or sovereigns, formally signed by commissioners properly authorized, and solemnly ratified by the several sovereigns, or the supreme power of each state; an agreement between two or more independent states; as, a treaty of peace; a treaty of alliance.

3. A proposal tending to an agreement. [Obs.] Shak.

4. A treatise; a tract. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tre"ble (?), a. [OE. treble threefold, OF. treble, treible, L. triplus. See Triple.] 1. Threefold; triple.

A lofty tower, and strong on every side
With treble walls.
Dryden.

2. (Mus.) (a) Acute; sharp; as, a treble sound. Bacon. (b) Playing or singing the highest part or most acute sounds; playing or singing the treble; as, a treble violin or voice.

Tre"ble, adv. Trebly; triply. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

Tre"ble, n. [" It has been said to be a corruption of triplum [Lat.], a third part, superadded to the altus and bassus (high and low)." Grove.] (Mus.) The highest of the four principal parts in music; the part usually sung by boys or women; soprano.

&fist; This is sometimes called the first treble, to distinguish it from the second treble, or alto, which is sung by lower female voices.

Tre"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trebled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trebling.] 1. To make thrice as much; to make threefold. "Love trebled life." Tennyson.

2. To utter in a treble key; to whine. [Obs.]

He outrageously
(When I accused him) trebled his reply.
Chapman.

Tre"ble, v. i. To become threefold. Swift.

Tre"ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being treble; as, the trebleness of tones. Bacon.

Treb"let (?), n. Same as Triblet.

Tre"bly (?), adv. In a treble manner; with a threefold number or quantity; triply. Swift.

{ Treb"u*chet (?), Tre"buck*et (?), } n. [OF. trebuchet, trebukiet, an engine of war for hurling stones, F. trébuchet a gin, trap, a kind of balance, fr. OF. trebuchier, trebuquier, to stumble, trip, F. trébucher.] 1. A cucking stool; a tumbrel. Cowell.

2. A military engine used in the Middle Ages for throwing stones, etc. It acted by means of a great weight fastened to the short arm of a lever, which, being let fall, raised the end of the long arm with great velocity, hurling stones with much force.

3. A kind of balance for weighing. [Obs.]

Tre*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to run + - meter.] An odometer for vehicles. Knight.

||Treck"schuyt` (?), n. [D. trekschuit; trekken to draw + schuit a boat. Cf. Trackscout.] A covered boat for goods and passengers, used on the Dutch and Flemish canals.

Tred"dle (?), n. [See Treadle.] 1. See Treadle.

2. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Ford.

3. pl. The dung of sheep or hares. Holland.

Tre*dille" (?), n. A game at cards for three.

Tree (trē), n. [OE. tree, tre, treo, AS. treó, treów, tree, wood; akin to OFries. trē, OS. treo, trio, Icel. trē, Dan. træ, Sw. trä, träd, Goth. triu, Russ. drevo, W. derw an oak, Ir. darag, darog, Gr. dry^s a tree, oak, do`ry a beam, spear shaft, spear, Skr. dru tree, wood, dāru wood. √63, 241. Cf. Dryad, Germander, Tar, n., Trough.]

1. (Bot.) Any perennial woody plant of considerable size (usually over twenty feet high) and growing with a single trunk.

&fist; The kind of tree referred to, in any particular case, is often indicated by a modifying word; as forest tree, fruit tree, palm tree, apple tree, pear tree, etc.

2. Something constructed in the form of, or considered as resembling, a tree, consisting of a stem, or stock, and branches; as, a genealogical tree.

3. A piece of timber, or something commonly made of timber; -- used in composition, as in axletree, boottree, chesstree, crosstree, whiffletree, and the like.

4. A cross or gallows; as Tyburn tree.

[Jesus] whom they slew and hanged on a tree.
Acts x. 39.

5. Wood; timber. [Obs.] Chaucer.

In a great house ben not only vessels of gold and of silver but also of tree and of earth.
Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 20).

6. (Chem.) A mass of crystals, aggregated in arborescent forms, obtained by precipitation of a metal from solution. See Lead tree, under Lead.

Tree bear (Zoöl.), the raccoon. [Local, U. S.] -- Tree beetle (Zoöl.) any one of numerous species of beetles which feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, as the May beetles, the rose beetle, the rose chafer, and the goldsmith beetle. -- Tree bug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hemipterous insects which live upon, and suck the sap of, trees and shrubs. They belong to Arma, Pentatoma, Rhaphigaster, and allied genera. -- Tree cat (Zool.), the common paradoxure (Paradoxurus musang). -- Tree clover (Bot.), a tall kind of melilot (Melilotus alba). See Melilot. -- Tree crab (Zoöl.), the purse crab. See under Purse. -- Tree creeper (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of arboreal creepers belonging to Certhia, Climacteris, and allied genera. See Creeper, 3. -- Tree cricket (Zoöl.), a nearly white arboreal American cricket (Ecanthus nivœus) which is noted for its loud stridulation; -- called also white cricket. -- Tree crow (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World crows belonging to Crypsirhina and allied genera, intermediate between the true crows and the jays. The tail is long, and the bill is curved and without a tooth. -- Tree dove (Zoöl.) any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic doves belonging to Macropygia and allied genera. They have long and broad tails, are chiefly arboreal in their habits, and feed mainly on fruit. -- Tree duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of ducks belonging to Dendrocygna and allied genera. These ducks have a long and slender neck and a long hind toe. They are arboreal in their habits, and are found in the tropical parts of America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. -- Tree fern (Bot.), an arborescent fern having a straight trunk, sometimes twenty or twenty-five feet high, or even higher, and bearing a cluster of fronds at the top. Most of the existing species are tropical. -- Tree fish (Zoöl.), a California market fish (Sebastichthys serriceps). -- Tree frog. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Tree toad. (b) Any one of numerous species of Old World frogs belonging to Chiromantis, Rhacophorus, and allied genera of the family Ranidæ. Their toes are furnished with suckers for adhesion. The flying frog (see under Flying) is an example. -- Tree goose (Zoöl.), the bernicle goose. -- Tree hopper (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small leaping hemipterous insects which live chiefly on the branches and twigs of trees, and injure them by sucking the sap. Many of them are very odd in shape, the prothorax being often prolonged upward or forward in the form of a spine or crest. -- Tree jobber (Zoöl.), a woodpecker. [Obs.] -- Tree kangaroo. (Zoöl.) See Kangaroo. -- Tree lark (Zoöl.), the tree pipit. [Prov. Eng.] -- Tree lizard (Zoöl.), any one of a group of Old World arboreal lizards (Dendrosauria) comprising the chameleons. -- Tree lobster. (Zoöl.) Same as Tree crab, above. -- Tree louse (Zoöl.), any aphid; a plant louse. -- Tree moss. (Bot.) (a) Any moss or lichen growing on trees. (b) Any species of moss in the form of a miniature tree. -- Tree mouse (Zoöl.), any one of several species of African mice of the subfamily Dendromyinæ. They have long claws and habitually live in trees. -- Tree nymph, a wood nymph. See Dryad. -- Tree of a saddle, a saddle frame. -- Tree of heaven (Bot.), an ornamental tree (Ailantus glandulosus) having long, handsome pinnate leaves, and greenish flowers of a disagreeable odor. -- Tree of life (Bot.), a tree of the genus Thuja; arbor vitæ. -- Tree onion (Bot.), a species of garlic (Allium proliferum) which produces bulbs in place of flowers, or among its flowers. -- Tree oyster (Zoöl.), a small American oyster (Ostrea folium) which adheres to the roots of the mangrove tree; -- called also raccoon oyster. -- Tree pie (Zoöl.), any species of Asiatic birds of the genus Dendrocitta. The tree pies are allied to the magpie. -- Tree pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of longwinged arboreal pigeons native of Asia, Africa, and Australia, and belonging to Megaloprepia, Carpophaga, and allied genera. -- Tree pipit. (Zoöl.) See under Pipit. -- Tree porcupine (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Central and South American arboreal porcupines belonging to the genera Chætomys and Sphingurus. They have an elongated and somewhat prehensile tail, only four toes on the hind feet, and a body covered with short spines mixed with bristles. One South American species (S. villosus) is called also couiy; another (S. prehensilis) is called also cœndou. -- Tree rat (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large ratlike West Indian rodents belonging to the genera Capromys and Plagiodon. They are allied to the porcupines. -- Tree serpent (Zoöl.), a tree snake. -- Tree shrike (Zoöl.), a bush shrike. -- Tree snake (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of snakes of the genus Dendrophis. They live chiefly among the branches of trees, and are not venomous. -- Tree sorrel (Bot.), a kind of sorrel (Rumex Lunaria) which attains the stature of a small tree, and bears greenish flowers. It is found in the Canary Islands and Teneriffe. -- Tree sparrow (Zoöl.) any one of several species of small arboreal sparrows, especially the American tree sparrow (Spizella monticola), and the common European species (Passer montanus). -- Tree swallow (Zoöl.), any one of several species of swallows of the genus Hylochelidon which lay their eggs in holes in dead trees. They inhabit Australia and adjacent regions. Called also martin in Australia. -- Tree swift (Zoöl.), any one of several species of swifts of the genus Dendrochelidon which inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. -- Tree tiger (Zoöl.), a leopard. -- Tree toad (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of amphibians belonging to Hyla and allied genera of the family Hylidæ. They are related to the common frogs and toads, but have the tips of the toes expanded into suckers by means of which they cling to the bark and leaves of trees. Only one species (Hyla arborea) is found in Europe, but numerous species occur in America and Australia. The common tree toad of the Northern United States (H. versicolor) is noted for the facility with which it changes its colors. Called also tree frog. See also Piping frog, under Piping, and Cricket frog, under Cricket. -- Tree warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of arboreal warblers belonging to Phylloscopus and allied genera. -- Tree wool (Bot.), a fine fiber obtained from the leaves of pine trees.

Tree (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Treeing.] 1. To drive to a tree; to cause to ascend a tree; as, a dog trees a squirrel. J. Burroughs.

2. To place upon a tree; to fit with a tree; to stretch upon a tree; as, to tree a boot. See Tree, n., 3.

Tree"beard` (?), n. (Bot.) A pendulous branching lichen (Usnea barbata); -- so called from its resemblance to hair.

Tree"ful (?), n.; pl. Treefuls (&?;). The quantity or number which fills a tree.

Tree"less, a. Destitute of trees. C. Kingsley.

Treen (?), a. [AS. treówen.] 1. Made of wood; wooden. [Obs.] " Treen cups." Camden.

2. Relating to, or drawn from, trees. [Obs.] Spenser.

Treen liquors, especially that of the date.
Evelyn.

Treen, obs. pl. of Tree. " The shady treen." Fairfax.

Tree"nail` (?), n. [Tree + nail.] (Shipbuilding) A long wooden pin used in fastening the planks of a vessel to the timbers or to each other. [Written also trenail, and trunnel.]

Tre"fle (?), n. [F. tréfle. See Trefoil.] (Fort.) A species of time; -- so called from its resemblance in form to a trefoil.

||Tré`flé" (?), a. [F. tréflé. See Trefoil.] (Her.) Having a three-lobed extremity or extremities, as a cross; also, more rarely, ornamented with trefoils projecting from the edges, as a bearing.

Tre"foil (?), n. [L. tres three + E. foil leaf; cf. F. frèfle, It. trifoglio, L. trifolium. See Tri-, Foil leaf, and cf. Trifoly.] 1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Trifolium, which includes the white clover, red clover, etc.; -- less properly, applied also to the nonesuch, or black medic. See Clover, and Medic.

2. (Arch.) An ornamental foliation consisting of three divisions, or foils.

3. (Her.) A charge representing the clover leaf.

Tre"foiled` (?), a. (Her.) Same as Tréflé.

Treg"et (?), n. [See Tregetour.] Guile; trickery. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Treg"et*our (?), n. [OE. tresgeteor. See Trans-, and Jet a shooting forth.] A juggler who produces illusions by the use of elaborate machinery. [Obs.]

Divers appearances
Such as these subtle tregetours play.
Chaucer.

Treg"et*ry (?), n. Trickery; also, a trick. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Tre*ha"la (?), n. (Chem.) An amorphous variety of manna obtained from the nests and cocoons of a Syrian coleopterous insect (Larinus maculatus, L. nidificans, etc.) which feeds on the foliage of a variety of thistle. It is used as an article of food, and is called also nest sugar.

Tre"ha*lose` (?), n. (Chem.) Mycose; -- so called because sometimes obtained from trehala.

Treil"lage (?), n. [F. treillage. See Trellis.] Latticework for supporting vines, etc.; an espalier; a trellis. Spectator.

I shall plant the roses against my treillage to- morrow.
Walpole.

Trel"lis (?), n. [OE. relis, F. treillis, fr. treille vine arbor, fr. L. tricla, triclea, triclia, a bower, arbor, summer house.] A structure or frame of crossbarred work, or latticework, used for various purposes, as for screens or for supporting plants.

Trel"lised (?), a. Having a trellis or trellises.

Cottages trellised over with exotic plants.
Jeffrey.

||Tre*man"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Trembling; -- used as a direction to perform a passage with a general shaking of the whole chord.

Trem"a*tode (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Trematodea. Also used adjectively.

||Trem`a*to"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; having holes, from &?;, &?;, a hole.] (Zoöl.) An extensive order of parasitic worms. They are found in the internal cavities of animals belonging to all classes. Many species are found, also, on the gills and skin of fishes. A few species are parasitic on man, and some, of which the fluke is the most important, are injurious parasites of domestic animals. The trematodes usually have a flattened body covered with a chitinous skin, and are furnished with two or more suckers for adhesion. Most of the species are hermaphrodite. Called also Trematoda, and Trematoidea. See Fluke, Tristoma, and Cercaria.

Trem"a*toid (?), a. [From Gr. &?;, &?;, a hole + &?; form.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Trematodea. See Illustration in Appendix.

Trem"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trembled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trembling (?).] [F. trembler, fr. L. tremulus trembling, tremulous, fr. tremere to shake, tremble; akin to Gr. &?;, Lith. trimti. Cf. Tremulous, Tremor.] 1. To shake involuntarily, as with fear, cold, or weakness; to quake; to quiver; to shiver; to shudder; -- said of a person or an animal.

I tremble still with fear.
Shak.

Frighted Turnus trembled as he spoke.
Dryden.

2. To totter; to shake; -- said of a thing.

The Mount of Sinai, whose gray top
Shall tremble.
Milton.

3. To quaver or shake, as sound; to be tremulous; as the voice trembles.

Trem"ble, n. An involuntary shaking or quivering.

I am all of a tremble when I think of it.
W. Black.

Trem"bler (?), n. One who trembles.

Trem"bling (?), a. Shaking; tottering; quivering. -- Trem"bling*ly, adv.

Trembling poplar (Bot.), the aspen.

||Tre*mel"la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. tremere, to tremble: cf. It. tremella, F. tremelle.] (Bot.) A genus of gelatinous fungi found in moist grounds.

Tre*men"dous (?), a. [L. tremendus that is to be trembled at, fearful, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.] Fitted to excite fear or terror; such as may astonish or terrify by its magnitude, force, or violence; terrible; dreadful; as, a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall.

A tremendous mischief was a foot.
Motley.

Syn. -- Terrible; dreadful; frightful; terrific; horrible; awful.

-- Tre*men"dous*ly, adv. -- Tre*men"dous*ness, n.

||Tre"mex (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of large hymenopterous insects allied to the sawflies. The female lays her eggs in holes which she bores in the trunks of trees with her large and long ovipositor, and the larva bores in the wood. See Illust. of Horntail.

&fist; The pigeon tremex (Tremex columba), a common American species, infests the elm, pear, and other trees.

||Tre*mo*lan"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Same as Tremando.

Trem"o*lite, n. [From Tremola, a valley in the Alps, where it was discovered.] (Min.) A white variety of amphibole, or hornblende, occurring in long, bladelike crystals, and coarsely fibrous masses.

||Tre"mo*lo (?), n. [It. Cf. Tremulous.] (Mus.) (a) The rapid reiteration of tones without any apparent cessation, so as to produce a tremulous effect. (b) A certain contrivance in an organ, which causes the notes to sound with rapid pulses or beats, producing a tremulous effect; -- called also tremolant, and tremulant.

Tre"mor (?), n. [L., from tremere to tremble. See Tremble, v.] A trembling; a shivering or shaking; a quivering or vibratory motion; as, the tremor of a person who is weak, infirm, or old.

He fell into an universal tremor of all his joints.
Harvey.

{ Trem"u*lant (?), Trem"u*lent (?), } a. Tremulous; trembling; shaking. [R.] " With tremulent white rod." Carlyle.

Trem"u*lous (?), a. [L. tremulus, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.] 1. Shaking; shivering; quivering; as, a tremulous limb; a tremulous motion of the hand or the lips; the tremulous leaf of the poplar.

2. Affected with fear or timidity; trembling.

The tender, tremulous Christian.
Dr. H. More.

-- Trem"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Trem"u*lous*ness, n.

Tren (?), n. [See Treen wooden.] A fish spear. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Tre"nail` (?), n. (Shipbuilding) Same as Treenail.

Trench (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trenching.] [OF. trenchier to cut, F. trancher; akin to Pr. trencar, trenchar, Sp. trinchar, It. trinciare; of uncertain origin.] 1. To cut; to form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing, or the like.

The wide wound that the boar had trenched
In his soft flank.
Shak.

This weak impress of love is as a figure
Trenched in ice, which with an hour's heat
Dissolves to water, and doth lose its form.
Shak.

2. (Fort.) To fortify by cutting a ditch, and raising a rampart or breastwork with the earth thrown out of the ditch; to intrench. Pope.

No more shall trenching war channel her fields.
Shak.

3. To cut furrows or ditches in; as, to trench land for the purpose of draining it.

4. To dig or cultivate very deeply, usually by digging parallel contiguous trenches in succession, filling each from the next; as, to trench a garden for certain crops.

Trench, v. i. 1. To encroach; to intrench.

Does it not seem as if for a creature to challenge to itself a boundless attribute, were to trench upon the prerogative of the divine nature?
I. Taylor.

2. To have direction; to aim or tend. [R.] Bacon.

To trench at, to make trenches against; to approach by trenches, as a town in besieging it. [Obs.]

Like powerful armies, trenching at a town
By slow and silent, but resistless, sap.
Young.

Trench, n. [OE. trenche, F. tranchée. See Trench, v. t.] 1. A long, narrow cut in the earth; a ditch; as, a trench for draining land. Mortimer.

2. An alley; a narrow path or walk cut through woods, shrubbery, or the like. [Obs.]

In a trench, forth in the park, goeth she.
Chaucer.

3. (Fort.) An excavation made during a siege, for the purpose of covering the troops as they advance toward the besieged place. The term includes the parallels and the approaches.

To open the trenches (Mil.), to begin to dig or to form the lines of approach. -- Trench cavalier (Fort.), an elevation constructed (by a besieger) of gabions, fascines, earth, and the like, about half way up the glacis, in order to discover and enfilade the covered way. -- Trench plow, or Trench plough, a kind of plow for opening land to a greater depth than that of common furrows.

Trench"and (?), a. Trenchant. [Obs.] Spenser.

Trench"ant (?), a. [OF. trenchant, F. tranchant, p. pr. See Trench, v. t.] 1. Fitted to trench or cut; gutting; sharp. " Trenchant was the blade." Chaucer.

2. Fig.: Keen; biting; severe; as, trenchant wit.

Trench"ant*ly, adv. In a trenchant, or sharp, manner; sharply; severely.

Trench"er (?), n. [OE. trencheoir, F. tranchoir, fr. trancher to cut, carve. See Trench, v. t.] 1. One who trenches; esp., one who cuts or digs ditches.

2. A large wooden plate or platter, as for table use.

3. The table; hence, the pleasures of the table; food.

It could be no ordinary declension of nature that could bring some men, after an ingenuous education, to place their "summum bonum" upon their trenchers.
South.

Trencher cap, the cap worn by studens at Oxford and Cambridge Universities, having a stiff, flat, square appendage at top. A similar cap used in the United States is called Oxford cap, mortar board, etc. -- Trencher fly, a person who haunts the tables of others; a parasite. [R.] L'Estrange. -- Trencher friend, one who frequents the tables of others; a sponger. -- Trencher mate, a table companion; a parasite; a trencher fly. Hooker.

Trench"er-man (?), n.; pl. Trencher-men (&?;).

1. A feeder; a great eater; a gormandizer. Shak.

2. A cook. [Obs.]

The skillfulest trencher-men of Media.
Sir P. Sidney.

3. A table companion; a trencher mate. Thackeray.

Trench"more (?), n. A kind of lively dance of a rude, boisterous character. Also, music in triple time appropriate to the dance. [Obs.]

All the windows in the town dance new trenchmore.
Beau. & Fl.

Trench"more (?), v. i. To dance the trenchmore. [Obs.] Marston.

{ Trench"-plow", Trench"-plough` } (-plou`), v. t. To plow with deep furrows, for the purpose of loosening the land to a greater depth than usual.

Trend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trended; p. pr. & vb. n. Trending.] [OE. trenden to roll or turn about; akin to OFries. trind, trund, round, Dan. & Sw. trind, AS. trendel a circle, ring, and E. trendle, trundle.] To have a particular direction; to run; to stretch; to tend; as, the shore of the sea trends to the southwest.

Trend, v. t. To cause to turn; to bend. [R.]

Not far beneath i' the valley as she trends
Her silver stream.
W. Browne.

Trend, n. Inclination in a particular direction; tendency; general direction; as, the trend of a coast.

Trend of an anchor. (Naut.) (a) The lower end of the shank of an anchor, being the same distance on the shank from the throat that the arm measures from the throat to the bill. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) The angle made by the line of a vessel's keel and the direction of the anchor cable, when she is swinging at anchor.

Trend (?), v. t. [Cf. G. & OD. trennen to separate.] To cleanse, as wool. [Prov. Eng.]

Trend, n. Clean wool. [Prov. Eng.]

Trend"er (?), n. One whose business is to free wool from its filth. [Prov. Eng.]

Tren"dle (?), n. [AS. trendel, tryndel, circle, ring. See Trend, v. i., and cf. Trundle.] A wheel, spindle, or the like; a trundle. [Obs.]

The shaft the wheel, the wheel, the trendle turns.
Sylvester.

Tren"tal (?), n. [LL. trentale, fr. L. triginta thirty; akin to tres three: cf. OF. trentel. See Three, and cf. Trigintal.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) An office and mass for the dead on the thirtieth day after death or burial. "Their trentals and their shrifts." Spenser.

2. Hence, a dirge; an elegy.

Tren"ton pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.) A subdivision in the lower Silurian system of America; -- so named from Trenton Falls, in New York. The rocks are mostly limestones, and the period is divided into the Trenton, Utica, and Cincinnati epochs. See the Chart of Geology.

Tre*pan" (?), n. [F. trépan (cf. Sp. trépano, It. trepano, trapano), LL. trepanum, fr. Gr. &?; a borer, auger, trepan, fr. &?; to bore, &?; a hole. Cf. Trephine.] 1. (Surg.) A crown-saw or cylindrical saw for perforating the skull, turned, when used, like a bit or gimlet. See Trephine.

2. (Mining) A kind of broad chisel for sinking shafts.

Tre*pan", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Trepanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trepanning.] [Cf. F. trépaner. See Trepan a saw.] (Surg.) To perforate (the skull) with a trepan, so as to remove a portion of the bone, and thus relieve the brain from pressure or irritation; to perform an operation with the trepan.

Tre*pan", n. [See Trapan.] 1. A snare; a trapan.

Snares and trepans that common life lays in its way.
South.

2. a deceiver; a cheat.

He had been from the beginning a spy and a trepan.
Macaulay.

Tre*pan", v. t. To insnare; to trap; to trapan.

Guards even of a dozen men were silently trepanned from their stations.
De Quincey.

Tre*pang" (?), n. [Malay trīpang.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of large holothurians, some of which are dried and extensively used as food in China; -- called also bêche de mer, sea cucumber, and sea slug. [Written also tripang.]

&fist; The edible trepangs are mostly large species of Holothuria, especially H. edulis. They are taken in vast quantities in the East Indies, where they are dried and smoked, and then shipped to China. They are used as an ingredient in certain kinds of soup.

Trep"an*ize (?), v. t. To trepan. [Obs.] "By trepanizing the skull." Jer. Taylor.

Tre*pan"ner (?), n. One who trepans. " Pitiful trepanners and impostors." Gauden.

Trep"e*get (?), n. (Mil.) A trebuchet. [Obs.]

Tre*phine" (?; 277), n. [A dim. of 1st trepan: cf. F. tréphine.] (Surg.) An instrument for trepanning, being an improvement on the trepan. It is a circular or cylindrical saw, with a handle like that of a gimlet, and a little sharp perforator called the center pin.

Tre*phine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trephined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trephining.] To perforate with a trephine; to trepan.

Trep"id (?), a. [L. trepidus.] Trembling; quaking. Thackeray.

Trep`i*da"tion (?), n. [F. trépidation, L. trepidatio, fr. trepidare to hurry with alarm, to tremble, from trepidus agitated, disturbed, alarmed; cf. trepit he turns, Gr. &?; to turn, E. torture.] 1. An involuntary trembling, sometimes an effect of paralysis, but usually caused by terror or fear; quaking; quivering.

2. Hence, a state of terror or alarm; fear; confusion; fright; as, the men were in great trepidation.

3. (Anc. Astron.) A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars.

Syn. -- Tremor; agitation; disturbance; fear.

Tre*pid"i*ty, n. Trepidation. [R.]

Tres"ayle` (tr&ebreve;s"āl`), n. [F. trisaïeul, from L. tris, tres, three + F. aïeul grandfather. Cf. Besaiel, and see Ayle.] A grandfather's grandfather. [Obs.]

Writ of tresayle (O. Eng. Law), a writ which lay for a man claiming as heir to his grandfather's grandfather, to recover lands of which he had been deprived by an abatement happening on the ancestor's death. Mozley & W.

Tres"or (?), n. Treasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tres"pass (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trespassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trespassing.] [OF. trespasser to go across or over, transgress, F. trépasser to die; pref. tres- (L. trans across, over) + passer to pass. See Pass, v. i., and cf. Transpass.] 1. To pass beyond a limit or boundary; hence, to depart; to go. [Obs.]

Soon after this, noble Robert de Bruce . . . trespassed out of this uncertain world.
Ld. Berners.

2. (Law) To commit a trespass; esp., to enter unlawfully upon the land of another.

3. To go too far; to put any one to inconvenience by demand or importunity; to intrude; as, to trespass upon the time or patience of another.

4. To commit any offense, or to do any act that injures or annoys another; to violate any rule of rectitude, to the injury of another; hence, in a moral sense, to transgress voluntarily any divine law or command; to violate any known rule of duty; to sin; -- often followed by against.

In the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the Lord.
2 Chron. xxviii. 22.

Tres"pass (?), n. [OF. trespas, F. trépas death. See Trespass, v.] 1. Any injury or offence done to another.

I you forgive all wholly this trespass.
Chaucer.

If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.
Matt. vi. 15.

2. Any voluntary transgression of the moral law; any violation of a known rule of duty; sin.

The fatal trespass done by Eve.
Milton.

You . . . who were dead in trespasses and sins.
Eph. if. 1.

3. (Law) (a) An unlawful act committed with force and violence (vi et armis) on the person, property, or relative rights of another. (b) An action for injuries accompanied with force.

Trespass offering (Jewish Antiq.), an offering in expiation of a trespass. -- Trespass on the case. (Law) See Action on the case, under Case.

Syn. -- Offense; breach; infringement; transgression; misdemeanor; misdeed.

Tres"pass*er (?), n. One who commits a trespass; as: (a) (Law) One who enters upon another's land, or violates his rights. (b) A transgressor of the moral law; an offender; a sinner.

Tress (?), n. [OE. tresse, OF. trece, F. tresse, LL. tricia, fr. Gr. tri`cha threefold, because a tress is usually formed by interlacing three pieces; akin to trei^s three. See Three.] 1. A braid, knot, or curl, of hair; a ringlet.

Her yellow hair was braided in a tress.
Chaucer.

Fair tresses man's imperial race insnare.
Pope.

2. Fig.: A knot or festoon, as of flowers. Keats.

Tressed (?), a. 1. Having tresses.

2. Formed into ringlets or braided; braided; curled. Spenser. Drayton.

Tres"sel (?), n. A trestle.

Tress"ful (?), a. Tressy. [R.] Sylvester.

Tres"sure (?), n. [F. tresser to twist, plait. See Tress, n.] (Her.) A kind of border similar to the orle, but of only half the breadth of the latter.

Tres"sured (?), a. (Her.) Provided or bound with a tressure; arranged in the form of a tressure.

The tressured fleur-de-lis he claims
To wreathe his shield.
Sir W. Scott.

Tress"y (?), a. Abounding in tresses. J. Baillie.

Tres"tle (?), n. [OF. trestel, tresteay, F. tréteau; probably from L. transtillum a little crossbeam, dim. of transtrum a crossbeam. Cf. Transom.] [Written also tressel.] 1. A movable frame or support for anything, as scaffolding, consisting of three or four legs secured to a top piece, and forming a sort of stool or horse, used by carpenters, masons, and other workmen; also, a kind of framework of strong posts or piles, and crossbeams, for supporting a bridge, the track of a railway, or the like.

2. The frame of a table.

Trestle board, a board used by architects, draughtsmen, and the like, for drawing designs upon; -- so called because commonly supported by trestles. -- Trestle bridge. See under Bridge, n.

Tres"tle*tree` (?), n. (Naut.) One of two strong bars of timber, fixed horizontally on the opposite sides of the masthead, to support the crosstrees and the frame of the top; -- generally used in the plural. Totten.

Tres"tle*work` (?), n. A viaduct, pier, scaffold, or the like, resting on trestles connected together.

Tres"-tyne` (?), n. [L. tris, tres, three + E. tyne.] (Zoöl.) In the antler of a stag, the third tyne above the base. This tyne appears in the third year. In those deer in which the brow tyne does not divide, the tres- tyne is the second tyne above the base. See Illust. under Rucervine, and under Rusine.

Tret (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Tread, for treadeth. Chaucer.

Tret, n. [F. traite a drawing, trading, journey, tax on wares in transit, anything diminishing the value of coins, fr. OF. traire to draw, L. trahere. See Trait.] (Com.) An allowance to purchasers, for waste or refuse matter, of four pounds on every 104 pounds of suttle weight, or weight after the tare deducted. M'Culloch.

Tret"a*ble (?), a. [See Treatable.] Tractable; moderate. [Obs.]

By nature debonaire and tretable.
Chaucer.

Treth"ing (?), n. [W. treth an allowance, contribution, tribute, or tax, trethu to rate or tax.] A tax; an impost. [Obs.] Johnson.

{ Tre"tis (?), Tre"tys }, n. [See Treatise.] A treatise; also, a treaty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Tre*tis" (?), Tre*tys" }, a. [OF. traitis.] Long and well-proportioned; nicely made; pretty. [Obs.] "Her nose tretys." Chaucer.

Tre"vat (?), n. A weaver's cutting instrument; for severing the loops of the pile threads of velvet.

Trev"et (?), n. [See Trivet.] A stool or other thing supported by three legs; a trivet.

{ Trew (?), Trewe }, a. True. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trews (?), n. pl. Trowsers; especially, those of the Scotch Highlanders. "He wore the trews, or close trowsers, made of tartan." Sir W. Scott.

Trewth (?), n. Truth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trey (?), n. [OF. treis three, F. trois, L. tres. See Three, and cf. Tray-trip.] Three, at cards, dice, or dominoes; a card, die, or domino of three spots or pips.

Seven is my chance and thine is cinq and trey.
Chaucer.

Tri- (?). [Gr. tri- or L. tri-, sometimes through French; akin to L. tres three, and E. three. See Three.]

1. A prefix meaning three, thrice, threefold; as in tricolored, tridentate.

2. (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively) denoting three proportional or combining part, or the third degree of that to the name of which it is prefixed; as in trisulphide, trioxide, trichloride.

Tri"a*ble (?), a. [From Try.] 1. Fit or possible to be tried; liable to be subjected to trial or test. "Experiments triable." Boyle.

2. (Law) Liable to undergo a judicial examination; properly coming under the cognizance of a court; as, a cause may be triable before one court which is not triable in another.

Tri"a*ble*ness, n. Quality or state of being triable.

Tri*ac"id (?), a. [Pref. tri- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monobasic acid or the equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms which may be acid radicals; -- said of certain bases; thus, glycerin is a triacid base.

Tri"a*cle (?), n. See Treacle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tri`a*con`ta*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. &?; thirty + &?; seat, base.] Having thirty sides.

Tri"a*con`ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; thirty.] (Gr. Antiq.) A vessel with thirty banks of oars, or, as some say, thirty ranks of rowers.

Tri"ad (?), n. [L. trias, - adis, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr.&?;, &?;, three: cf. F. triade. See Three, and cf. Trias, Trio.] 1. A union of three; three objects treated as one; a ternary; a trinity; as, a triad of deities.

2. (Mus.) (a) A chord of three notes. (b) The common chord, consisting of a tone with its third and fifth, with or without the octave.

3. (Chem.) An element or radical whose valence is three.

Triads of the Welsh bards, poetical histories, in which the facts recorded are grouped by threes, three things or circumstances of a kind being mentioned together. -- Hindu triad. See Trimurti.

Tri`a*del"phous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; brother.] (Bot.) Having stamens joined by filaments into three bundles. See Illust. under Adelphous.

Tri*ad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Having the characteristics of a triad; as, boron is triadic.

Tri"a*kis*oc`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. &?; thrice + E. octahedron.] (Crystalloq.) A trigonal trisoctahedron.

Tri"al (?), n. [From Try.] 1. The act of trying or testing in any manner. Specifically: --

(a) Any effort or exertion of strength for the purpose of ascertaining what can be done or effected.

[I] defy thee to the trial of mortal fight.
Milton.

(b) The act of testing by experience; proof; test.

Repeated trials of the issues and events of actions.
Bp. Wilkins.

(c) Examination by a test; experiment, as in chemistry, metallurgy, etc.

2. The state of being tried or tempted; exposure to suffering that tests strength, patience, faith, or the like; affliction or temptation that exercises and proves the graces or virtues of men.

Others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings.
Heb. xi. 36.

3. That which tries or afflicts; that which harasses; that which tries the character or principles; that which tempts to evil; as, his child's conduct was a sore trial.

Every station is exposed to some trials.
Rogers.

4. (Law) The formal examination of the matter in issue in a cause before a competent tribunal; the mode of determining a question of fact in a court of law; the examination, in legal form, of the facts in issue in a cause pending before a competent tribunal, for the purpose of determining such issue.

Syn. -- Test; attempt; endeavor; effort; experiment; proof; essay. See Test, and Attempt.

Tri*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. tres, tria, three.] Three united; state of being three. [R.] H. Wharton.

Tri"a*logue, n. [LL. trialogus; tri- (see Tri-) + -logus as, in L. dialogus, E. dialogue.] A discourse or colloquy by three persons.

Tri*am"ide (?), n. [tri- + amine.] (Chem.) An amide containing three amido groups.

Tri*am"ine (?), n. [Pref. tri- + amine.] (Chem.) An amine containing three amido groups.

Tri"an`der (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of the Triandria.

||Tri*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tri- , and -androus.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants having three distinct and equal stamens.

{ Tri*an"dri*an (?), Tri*an"drous (?), } a. [Cf. F. triandre.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the Triandria; having three distinct and equal stamens in the same flower.

Tri"an`gle (?), n. [L. triangulum, fr. triangulus triangular; tri- (see Tri-) + angulus angle: cf. F. triangle. See Angle a corner.] 1. (Geom.) A figure bounded by three lines, and containing three angles.

&fist; A triangle is either plane, spherical, or curvilinear, according as its sides are straight lines, or arcs of great circles of a sphere, or any curved lines whatever. A plane triangle is designated as scalene, isosceles, or equilateral, according as it has no two sides equal, two sides equal, or all sides equal; and also as right-angled, or oblique-angled, according as it has one right angle, or none; and oblique-angled triangle is either acute-angled, or obtuse-angled, according as all the angles are acute, or one of them obtuse. The terms scalene, isosceles, equilateral, right-angled, acute- angled, and obtuse-angled, are applied to spherical triangles in the same sense as to plane triangles.

2. (Mus.) An instrument of percussion, usually made of a rod of steel, bent into the form of a triangle, open at one angle, and sounded by being struck with a small metallic rod.

3. A draughtsman's square in the form of a right- angled triangle.

4. (Mus.) A kind of frame formed of three poles stuck in the ground and united at the top, to which soldiers were bound when undergoing corporal punishment, -- now disused.

5. (Astron.) (a) A small constellation situated between Aries and Andromeda. (b) A small constellation near the South Pole, containing three bright stars.

Triangle spider (Zoöl.), a small American spider (Hyptiotes Americanus) of the family Ciniflonidæ, living among the dead branches of evergreen trees. It constructs a triangular web, or net, usually composed of four radii crossed by a double elastic fiber. The spider holds the thread at the apex of the web and stretches it tight, but lets go and springs the net when an insect comes in contact with it.

Tri"an`gled (?), a. Having three angles; triangular.

Tri*an"gu*lar (?), a. [L. triangularis: cf. F. triangulaire.] 1. Having three angles; having the form of a triangle.

2. (Bot.) Oblong or elongated, and having three lateral angles; as, a triangular seed, leaf, or stem.

Triangular compasses, compasses with three legs for taking off the angular points of a triangle, or any three points at the same time. -- Triangular crab (Zoöl.), any maioid crab; -- so called because the carapace is usually triangular. -- Triangular numbers (Math.), the series of numbers formed by the successive sums of the terms of an arithmetical progression, of which the first term and the common difference are 1. See Figurate numbers, under Figurate.

||Tri*an`gu*la"res (?), n. pl. [L.] (Zoöl.) The triangular, or maioid, crabs. See Illust. under Maioid, and Illust. of Spider crab, under Spider.

Tri*an`gu*lar"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being triangular. Bolingbroke.

Tri*an"gu*lar*ly (?), adv. In a triangular manner; in the form of a triangle. Dampier.

Tri*an"gu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Triangulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Triangulating.] 1. To divide into triangles; specifically, to survey by means of a series of triangles properly laid down and measured.

2. To make triangular, or three-cornered.

Tri*an`gu*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. triangulation.] (Surv.) The series or network of triangles into which the face of a country, or any portion of it, is divided in a trigonometrical survey; the operation of measuring the elements necessary to determine the triangles into which the country to be surveyed is supposed to be divided, and thus to fix the positions and distances of the several points connected by them.

Tri"ar*chy (?), n.; pl. Triarchies (#). [Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; to rule.] Government by three persons; a triumvirate; also, a country under three rulers. Holland.

Tri*a"ri*an (?), a. [L. triarii, pl., a class of Roman soldiers who formed the third rank from the front, fr. tres, tria, three.] Occupying the third post or rank. [Obs.] Cowley.

Tri`ar*tic"u*late (?), a. [Pref. tri- + articulate.] (Zoöl.) Having three joints.

Tri"as (?), n. [L., triad. See Triad.] (Geol.) The formation situated between the Permian and Lias, and so named by the Germans, because consisting of three series of strata, which are called in German the Bunter sandstein, Muschelkalk, and Keuper.

Tri*as"sic (?), a. (Geol.) Of the age of, or pertaining to, the Trias. -- n. The Triassic formation.

Tri*at"ic (?), a. (Naut.) A term used in the phrase triatic stay. See under Stay.

Tri`a*tom"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having three atoms; -- said of certain elements or radicals. (b) Having a valence of three; trivalent; sometimes, in a specific sense, having three hydroxyl groups, whether acid or basic; thus, glycerin, glyceric acid, and tartronic acid are each triatomic.

Trib"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a tribe or tribes; as, a tribal scepter. Bp. Warburton.

Trib"al*ism (?), n. The state of existing in tribes; also, tribal feeling; tribal prejudice or exclusiveness; tribal peculiarities or characteristics.

Tri*ba"sic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monacid base, or their equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by basic elements on radicals; -- said of certain acids; thus, citric acid is a tribasic acid.

Trib"ble (?), n. (Paper Manuf.) A frame on which paper is dried. Knight.

Tribe (?), n. [L. tribus, originally, a third part of the Roman people, afterwards, a division of the people, a tribe; of uncertain origin: cf. F. tribu.]

1. A family, race, or series of generations, descending from the same progenitor, and kept distinct, as in the case of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of Jacob. "The Lion of the tribe of Juda." Rev. v. 5.

A wealthy Hebrew of my tribe.
Shak.

2. (Bot.) A number of species or genera having certain structural characteristics in common; as, a tribe of plants; a tribe of animals.

&fist; By many recent naturalists, tribe has been used for a group of animals or plants intermediate between order and genus.

3. A nation of savages or uncivilized people; a body of rude people united under one leader or government; as, the tribes of the Six Nations; the Seneca tribe.

4. A division, class, or distinct portion of a people, from whatever cause that distinction may have originated; as, the city of Athens was divided into ten tribes.

5. (Stock Breeding) A family of animals descended from some particular female progenitor, through the female line; as, the Duchess tribe of shorthorns.

Tribe, v. t. To distribute into tribes or classes. [R.]

Our fowl, fish, and quadruped are well tribed.
Abp. Nicolson.

{ Trib"let (?), Trib"o*let (?) }, n.} [F. triboulet.] 1. A goldsmith's tool used in making rings. Ainsworth.

2. A steel cylinder round which metal is drawn in the process of forming tubes. Tomlinson.

3. (Blacksmithing) A tapering mandrel.

Tri*bom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to rub + - meter: cf. F. tribomètre.] An instrument to ascertain the degree of friction in rubbing surfaces. Brande & C.

Tri"brach (?), n. [L. tribrachys, Gr. &?; consisting of three short syllables; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; short.] (Gr. & L. Pros.) A poetic foot of three short syllables, as, m&ebreve;l&ibreve;ŭs.

Tri*brac"te*ate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + bracteate.] (Bot.) Having three bracts.

{ Trib"u*al (?), Trib"u*lar (?), } a. Of or relating to a tribe; tribal; as, a tribual characteristic; tribular worship. [R.]

The tribual lispings of the Ephraimites.
Fuller.

Trib`u*la"tion (?), n. [OE. tribulacium, F. tribulation, L. tribulatio, from tribulare to press, afflict, fr. tribulum a thrashing sledge, akin to terere, tritum, to rub. See Trite.] That which occasions distress, trouble, or vexation; severe affliction.

When tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended.
Matt. xiii. 21.

In the world ye shall have tribulation.
John. xvi. 33.

Tri*bu"nal (?), n. [L. tribunal, fr. tribunus a tribune who administered justice: cf. F. tribunal. See Tribune.] 1. The seat of a judge; the bench on which a judge and his associates sit for administering justice.

2. Hence, a court or forum; as, the House of Lords, in England, is the highest tribunal in the kingdom.

Trib"u*na*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to tribunes; as, tribunary powers or authority.

Trib"u*nate (?), n. [L. tribunatus: cf. F. tribunat.] The state or office of a tribune; tribuneship.

Trib"une (?), n. [L. tribunus, properly, the chief of a tribe, fr. tribus tribe: cf. F. tribun. See Tribe.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) An officer or magistrate chosen by the people, to protect them from the oppression of the patricians, or nobles, and to defend their liberties against any attempts that might be made upon them by the senate and consuls.

&fist; The tribunes were at first two, but their number was increased ultimately to ten. There were also military tribunes, officers of the army, of whom there were from four to six in each legion. Other officers were also called tribunes; as, tribunes of the treasury, etc.

2. Anciently, a bench or elevated place, from which speeches were delivered; in France, a kind of pulpit in the hall of the legislative assembly, where a member stands while making an address; any place occupied by a public orator.

Trib"une*ship, n. The office or power of a tribune.

{ Trib`u*ni"cian (?), Trib`u*ni"tial (?), Trib`u*ni*tian (?), } a. [L. tribunicius, tribunitius: cf. F. tribunitien.] Of or pertaining to tribunes; befitting a tribune; as, tribunitial power or authority. Dryden.

A kind of tribunician veto, forbidding that which is recognized to be wrong.
Hare.

Trib`u*ni"tious (?), a. Tribunician; tribunitial. [Obs.] Bacon.

Trib"u*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a tributary manner.

Trib"u*ta*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being tributary.

Trib"u*ta*ry (?), a. [OE. tributaire, F. tributaire, L. tributarius. See Tribute.] 1. Paying tribute to another, either from compulsion, as an acknowledgment of submission, or to secure protection, or for the purpose of purchasing peace.

[Julius] unto Rome made them tributary.
Chaucer.

2. Hence, subject; subordinate; inferior.

He to grace his tributary gods.
Milton.

3. Paid in tribute. "Tributary tears." Shak.

4. Yielding supplies of any kind; serving to form or make up, a greater object of the same kind, as a part, branch, etc.; contributing; as, the Ohio has many tributary streams, and is itself tributary to the Mississippi.

Trib"u*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Tributaries (&?;). 1. A ruler or state that pays tribute, or a stated sum, to a conquering power, for the purpose of securing peace and protection, or as an acknowledgment of submission, or for the purchase of security.

2. A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; an affluent.

Trib"ute (?), n. [OE. tribut, L. tributum, fr. tribuere, tributum, to bestow, grant, pay, allot, assign, originally, to a tribe, from tribus tribe; cf. F. tribut. See Tribe, and cf. Attribute, Contribute.] 1. An annual or stated sum of money or other valuable thing, paid by one ruler or nation to another, either as an acknowledgment of submission, or as the price of peace and protection, or by virtue of some treaty; as, the Romans made their conquered countries pay tribute.

Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.
C. C. Pinckney.

2. A personal contribution, as of money, praise, service, etc., made in token of services rendered, or as that which is due or deserved; as, a tribute of affection.

Implores the passing tribute of a sigh.
Gray.

3. (Mining) A certain proportion of the ore raised, or of its value, given to the miner as his recompense. Pryce. Tomlinson.

Tribute money, money paid as a tribute or tax. -- Tribute pitch. (Mining) See under Tributer. [Eng.]

Syn. -- See Subsidy.

Trib"ute, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tributed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tributing.] To pay as tribute. [R.] Whitlock (1654).

Trib"u*ter (?), n. (Mining) One who works for a certain portion of the ore, or its value. [Eng.]

&fist; Tributers generally work in gangs, and have a limited portion of a lode set them, called a tribute pitch, beyond which they are not permitted to work, and for which they receive a certain portion of the ore, or so much per pound, as agreed upon, of the value of what they raise. Weale.

||Tri"ca (?), n.; pl. Tricæ (#). [NL.] (Bot.) An apothecium in certain lichens, having a spherical surface marked with spiral or concentric ridges and furrows.

Tri*car`bal*lyl"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + carboxyl + allyl + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex tribasic organic acid, C3H5.(CO2H)3 occurring naturally in unripe beet roots, and produced artificially from glycerin as a white crystalline substance.

Tri*car"bi*mide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + carbimide.] (Chem.) See under Cyanuric.

Trice (?), v. t. [OE. trisen; of Scand. or Low German origin; cf. Sw. trissa a sheave, pulley, triss a spritsail brace, Dan. tridse a pulley, tridse to haul by means of a pulley, to trice, LG. trisse a pulley, D. trijsen to hoist.] [Written also trise.] 1. To pull; to haul; to drag; to pull away. [Obs.]

Out of his seat I will him trice.
Chaucer.

2. (Naut.) To haul and tie up by means of a rope.

Trice, n. [Sp. tris the noise made by the breaking of glass, an instant, en un tris in an instant; probably of imitative origin.] A very short time; an instant; a moment; -- now used only in the phrase in a trice. "With a trice." Turbervile. " On a trice." Shak.

A man shall make his fortune in a trice.
Young.

Tri`cen*na"ri*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to thirty years; tricennial. [R.]

Tri*cen"ni*al (?), a. [L. tricennium thirty years; triginta thirty + annus year: cf. L. tricennalis.] Of or pertaining to thirty years; consisting of thirty years; occurring once in every thirty years.

Tri*cen"te*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. tri- + centenary.] Including, or relating to, the interval of three hundred years; tercentenary. -- n. A period of three centuries, or three hundred years, also, the three-hundredth anniversary of any event; a tercentenary.

||Tri"ceps (?), n. [NL., fr. L. triceps, having three beads; tres, tria, three + caput head: cf. F. triceps. See Three, and Chief.] (Anat.) A muscle having three heads; specif., the great extensor of the forearm, arising by three heads and inserted into the olecranon at the elbow.

||Tri*chi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair.] (Med.) A disease of the eye, in which the eyelashes, being turned in upon the eyeball, produce constant irritation by the motion of the lids.

||Tri*chi"na (-n&adot;), n.; pl. Trichinæ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; hairy, made of hair, fr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair.] (Zoöl.) A small, slender nematoid worm (Trichina spiralis) which, in the larval state, is parasitic, often in immense numbers, in the voluntary muscles of man, the hog, and many other animals. When insufficiently cooked meat containing the larvæ is swallowed by man, they are liberated and rapidly become adult, pair, and the ovoviviparous females produce in a short time large numbers of young which find their way into the muscles, either directly, or indirectly by means of the blood. Their presence in the muscles and the intestines in large numbers produces trichinosis.

||Trich`i*ni"a*sis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Trichinosis.

Trich"i*nize (?), v. t. To render trichinous; to affect with trichinæ; -- chiefly used in the past participle; as, trichinized pork.

Tri*chi"no*scope (?), n. [Trichina + -scope.] An apparatus for the detection of trichinæ in the flesh of animals, as of swine.

||Trich`i*no"sis (?), n. [NL. See Trichina.] (Med.) The disease produced by the presence of trichinæ in the muscles and intestinal track. It is marked by fever, muscular pains, and symptoms resembling those of typhoid fever, and is frequently fatal.

Trich"i*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to trichinæ or trichinosis; affected with, or containing, trichinæ; as, trichinous meat.

Trich"ite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, hair.]

1. (Min.) A kind of crystallite resembling a bunch of hairs, common in obsidian. See Illust. of Crystallite.

2. (Zoöl.) A delicate, hairlike siliceous spicule, found in certain sponges.

Trichite sheaf (Zoöl.), one of the small sheaflike fascicles of slender setæ characteristic of certain sponges. See Illust. under Spicule.

Trich`i*u"ri*form (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the genus Trichiurus or family Trichiuridæ, comprising the scabbard fishes and hairtails.

Trich`i*u"roid (?), a. [Trichiurus + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of, like, or pertaining to, Trichiurus.

||Trich`i*u"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, a hair + o'yra` tail.] (Zoöl.) A genus of fishes comprising the hairtails. See Hairtail.

Tri*chlo"ride (?), n. [Pref. tri- + chloride.] (Chem.) A chloride having three atoms of chlorine in the molecule.

||Trich`o*bran"chi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair + branchia.] (Zoöl.) The gill of a crustacean in which the branchial filaments are slender and cylindrical, as in the crawfishes.

Trich"o*cyst (?), n. [Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, a hair + &?; bag.] (Zoöl.) A lasso cell.

Trich"o*gyne (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair + &?; woman, female.] (Bot.) The slender, hairlike cell which receives the fertilizing particles, or antherozoids, in red seaweeds. -- Trich`o*gyn"ic (#), a.

Tri*chom"a*nes (?), n. [L., a kind of plant, from Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) Any fern of the genus Trichomanes. The fronds are very delicate and often translucent, and the sporangia are borne on threadlike receptacles rising from the middle of cup-shaped marginal involucres. Several species are common in conservatories; two are native in the United States.

Tri*chom"a*tose` (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a growth of hair.] (Med.) Affected with a disease which causes agglutination and matting together; -- said of the hair when affected with plica. See Plica, 1.

Trich"ome (?), n. [See Trichomatose.] (Bot.) A hair on the surface of leaf or stem, or any modification of a hair, as a minute scale, or star, or gland. The sporangia of ferns are believed to be of the nature of trichomes. -- Tri*chom"a*tous (#), a.

Trich"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair + &?; to bear.] 1. (Bot.) The special cell in red algæ which produces or bears a trichogyne. See Illust. of Trichogyne.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the saclike organs from which the setæ of annelids arise.

-- Trich`o*phor"ic (#), a.

Tri*chop"ter (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Trichoptera.

||Tri*chop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, a hair + &?; wing.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of Neuroptera usually having the wings covered with minute hairs. It comprises the caddice flies, and is considered by some to be a distinct order.

Tri*chop"ter*an (?), (Zoöl.) One of the Trichoptera.

Tri*chop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the Trichoptera.

Tri"chord (?), n. [Gr. &?; three stringed; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; chord, or string.] (Mus.) An instrument, as a lyre or harp, having three strings.

||Trich`o*scol"i*ces (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair + skw`lhx a worm.] (Zoöl.) An extensive group of wormlike animals characterized by being more or less covered with cilia.

Tri*chot"o*mous (?), a. [See Trichotomy.] Divided into three parts, or into threes; three- forked; as, a trichotomous stem. Martyn.

Tri*chot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. tri`cha threefold, in three parts + te`mnein to cut or divide: cf. F. trichotomie.] Division into three parts.

Tri*chro"ic (?), a. Exhibiting trichroism; pleochroic; pleochroism.

Tri"chro*ism (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; color: cf. F. trichroïsme.] (Min.) The quality possessed by some crystals of presenting different colors in three different directions.

Tri`chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + chromatic.] (Zoöl.) Having or existing in three different phases of color; having three distinct color varieties; -- said of certain birds and insects.

Tri*chro"ma*tism (?), n. (Zoöl.) The quality, state, or phenomenon of being trichromatic.

Tri*chro"mic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; color.] (Opt.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, three colors or color sensations.

Tri*chro"mic, a. [Pref. tri- + chromic.] (Chem.) Containing three atoms of chromium.

Tri*cip"i*tal (?), a. [See Triceps.] (Anat.) Having three heads, or three origins; as, a tricipital muscle.

Trick (?), n. [D. trek a pull, or drawing, a trick, trekken to draw; akin to LG. trekken, MHG. trecken, trechen, Dan. trække, and OFries. trekka. Cf. Track, Trachery, Trig, a., Trigger.] 1. An artifice or stratagem; a cunning contrivance; a sly procedure, usually with a dishonest intent; as, a trick in trade.

He comes to me for counsel, and I show him a trick.
South.

I know a trick worth two of that.
Shak.

2. A sly, dexterous, or ingenious procedure fitted to puzzle or amuse; as, a bear's tricks; a juggler's tricks.

3. Mischievous or annoying behavior; a prank; as, the tricks of boys. Prior.

4. A particular habit or manner; a peculiarity; a trait; as, a trick of drumming with the fingers; a trick of frowning.

The trick of that voice I do well remember.
Shak.

He hath a trick of Cœur de Lion's face.
Shak.

5. A knot, braid, or plait of hair. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

6. (Card Playing) The whole number of cards played in one round, and consisting of as many cards as there are players.

On one nice trick depends the general fate.
Pope.

7. (Naut.) A turn; specifically, the spell of a sailor at the helm, -- usually two hours.

8. A toy; a trifle; a plaything. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. -- Stratagem; wile; fraud; cheat; juggle; finesse; sleight; deception; imposture; delusion; imposition.

Trick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tricked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tricking.] 1. To deceive by cunning or artifice; to impose on; to defraud; to cheat; as, to trick another in the sale of a horse.

2. To dress; to decorate; to set off; to adorn fantastically; -- often followed by up, off, or out. " Trick her off in air." Pope.

People lavish it profusely in tricking up their children in fine clothes, and yet starve their minds.
Locke.

They are simple, but majestic, records of the feelings of the poet; as little tricked out for the public eye as his diary would have been.
Macaulay.

3. To draw in outline, as with a pen; to delineate or distinguish without color, as arms, etc., in heraldry.

They forget that they are in the statutes: . . . there they are tricked, they and their pedigrees.
B. Jonson.

Trick"er (?), n. One who tricks; a trickster.

Trick"er, n. A trigger. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Boyle.

Trick"er*y (?), n. The art of dressing up; artifice; stratagem; fraud; imposture.

Trick"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being tricky.

Trick"ing, a. Given to tricks; tricky. Sir W. Scott.

Trick"ing, n. Dress; ornament. Shak.

Trick"ish, a. Given to tricks; artful in making bargains; given to deception and cheating; knavish. -- Trick"ish*ly, adv. -- Trick"ish*ness, n.

Tric"kle (tr&ibreve;k"k'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trickled (tr&ibreve;k"k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Trickling (tr&ibreve;k"kl&ibreve;ng).] [OE. triklen, probably for striklen, freq. of striken to flow, AS. strīcan. See Strike, v. t.] To flow in a small, gentle stream; to run in drops.

His salt tears trickled down as rain.
Chaucer.

Fast beside there trickled softly down
A gentle stream.
Spenser.

Trick"ment (?), n. Decoration. [Obs.] " No trickments but my tears." Beau. & Fl.

Trick"si*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being tricksy; trickiness. G. Eliot.

Trick"ster (?), n. One who tricks; a deceiver; a tricker; a cheat.

Trick"sy (?), a. [From Trick.] Exhibiting artfulness; trickish. "My tricksy spirit!" Shak.

he tricksy policy which in the seventeenth century passed for state wisdom.
Coleridge.

Trick"track` (?), n. [F. trictrac. Cf. Ticktack backgammon.] An old game resembling backgammon.

Trick"y (?), a. Given to tricks; practicing deception; trickish; knavish.

Tric"li*nate (?), a. (Min.) Triclinic.

Tri*clin"i*a*ry (?), a. [L. tricliniaris. See Triclinium.] Of or pertaining to a triclinium, or to the ancient mode of reclining at table.

Tri*clin"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; to incline.] (Crystallog.) Having, or characterized by, three unequal axes intersecting at oblique angles. See the Note under crystallization.

||Tri*clin"i*um (?), n.; pl. Triclinia (#). [L., from Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; (see Tri- ) + &?; a couch.] (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A couch for reclining at meals, extending round three sides of a table, and usually in three parts. (b) A dining room furnished with such a triple couch.

Tri*coc"cous (?), a. [Gr. tri`kokkos with three grains or berries; &?; (see Tri-) + ko`kkos grain, seed.] (Bot.) Having three cocci, or roundish carpels. Gray.

Tri"col`or (?), n. [F. tricolore, drapeau tricolore a tricolored flag, fr. tricolore three- colored; tri (see Tri-) + L. color color.] [Written also tricolour.]

1. The national French banner, of three colors, blue, white, and red, adopted at the first revolution.

2. Hence, any three-colored flag.

Tri"col`ored (?), a. Having three colors.

Tri`cor*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. tricorniger; tricornis three-horned (see Tri-, and Horn) + -gerere to bear.] Having three horns.

{ Tri*cor"po*ral (?), Tri*cor"po*rate (?), } a. [L. tricorpor; tri- (see Tri-) + corpus, -oris, body.] (Her.) Represented with three bodies conjoined to one head, as a lion.

Tri*cos"tate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + costate.] (Bot.) Three-ribbed; having three ribs from the base.

||Tri`cot" (?), n. [F.] A fabric of woolen, silk, or cotton knitted, or women to resemble knitted work.

Tri*crot"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; to beat.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to tricrotism; characterized by tricrotism.

Tri"cro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) That condition of the arterial pulse in which there is a triple beat. The pulse curve obtained in the sphygmographic tracing characteristic of tricrotism shows two secondary crests in addition to the primary.

Tri"cro*tous (trī"kr&osl;*tŭs), a. (Physiol.) Tricrotic.

Tri*cur"vate (tr&isl;*kûr"v&asl;t), a. [Pref. tri- + curvate.] (Zoöl.) Curved in three directions; as, a tricurvate spicule (see Illust. of Spicule).

Tri*cus"pid (?), a. [L. tricuspis, -idis; tri- (see Tri-) + cuspis a point: cf. F. tricuspide.] 1. Having three cusps, or points; tricuspidate; as, a tricuspid molar.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tricuspid valves; as, tricuspid obstruction.

Tricuspid valve (Anat.), the valve, consisting of three triangular membranous flaps, at the opening of the right auricle into the right ventricle in the heart of most mammals; -- sometimes called the tricuspid valves, each flap being regarded as a valve.

Tricus"pid*ate (?), a. Three-pointed; ending in three points; as, a tricuspidate leaf.

Tri"cy*cle (?), n. [Pref. tri- + cycle as inbicycle.] A three-wheeled velocipede. See Illust. under Velocipede. Cf. Bicycle.

||Tri*dac"na (?), n. [L., pl., a kind of oysters, fr. Gr. &?; eaten at three bites, &?; tri- + &?; to bite.] (Zoöl.) A genus of very large marine bivalve shells found on the coral reefs of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. One species (T. gigas) often weighs four or five hundred pounds, and is sometimes used for baptismal fonts. Called also paw shell, and fountain shell.

{ Tri*dac"tyl Tri*dac"tyle } (?), a. [Gr. &?;: &?; (see Tri-) + &?; digit: cf. F. tridactyle.] (Biol.) Having three fingers or toes, or composed of three movable parts attached to a common base.

Tri*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. (Biol.) Tridactyl.

Trid"dler (?), n. (Zoöl.) The jacksnipe. [Local, U. S.]

Tride (?), a. [Cf. F. tride lively, quick.] Short and ready; fleet; as, a tride pace; -- a term used by sportsmen. Bailey.

Tri*dec"ane (tr&isl;*d&ebreve;k"ān), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; ten. So called from the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C13H28, of the methane series, which is a probable ingredient both of crude petroleum and of kerosene, and is produced artificially as a light colorless liquid.

Tri`dec*a*to"ic (tr&isl;`d&ebreve;k*&adot;*tō"&ibreve;k), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. de`katos tenth.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, that acid of the fatty acids heterologous with tridecane. It is a white crystalline substance.

Tri`de*cat"y*lene (tr&isl;`d&esl;*kăt"&ibreve;*lēn), n. [Pref. tri-+ Gr. de`katos tenth + E. ethylene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C13H26, of the ethylene series, corresponding to tridecane, and obtained from Burmah petroleum as a light colorless liquid; -- called also tridecylene, and tridecene.

Tri"dent (trī"dent), n. [L. tridens, -entis; tri- (see Tri-) + dens tooth: cf. F. trident. See Tooth.] 1. (Class Myth.) A kind of scepter or spear with three prongs, -- the common attribute of Neptune.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) A three-pronged spear or goad, used for urging horses; also, the weapon used by one class of gladiators.

3. A three-pronged fish spear.

4. (Geom.) A curve of third order, having three infinite branches in one direction and a fourth infinite branch in the opposite direction.

Trident bat (Zoöl.), an Asiatic rhinolophid bat (Triænops Persicus), having the nose membrane in the shape of a trident.

Tri"dent, a. [L. tridens.] Having three teeth or prongs; tridentate.

{ Tri*den"tate (?), Tri*den"ta*ted (?), } a. [NL. tridentatus. See Trident.] Having three teeth; three-toothed. Lee.

Tri"dent*ed (?), a. Having three prongs; trident; tridentate; as, a tridented mace. [R.] Quarles.

Tri`dent*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. tridentifer; tridens trident + ferre to bear.] Bearing a trident.

Tri*den"tine (?), a. [From L. Tridentum Trent.] Of or pertaining to Trent, or the general church council held in that city.

Tri*di`a*pa"son (?), n. [Pref. tri- + diaposon.] (Anc. Mus.) A triple octave, or twenty- second. Busby.

Tri`di*men"sion*al (?), a. [Pref. tri- + dimensional.] (Chem.) Having three dimensions; extended in three different directions.

Tri"ding (?), n. A riding. See Trithing.

Trid"u*an (?), a. [L. triduanus, fr. triduum space of three days; tri- + dies day.] Lasting three lays; also, happening every third day. [R.] Blount.

Trid"y*mite (?), n. [Gr. &?; threefold. So called in allusion to the supposed threefold nature of the twin crystals.] (Min.) Pure silica, like quartz, but crystallizing in hexagonal tables. It is found in trachyte and similar rocks.

Tried (?), imp. & p. p. of Try. Also adj. Proved; tested; faithful; trustworthy; as, a tried friend.

Tri*e"dral (?), a. See Trihedral.

Tri*en"ni*al (?), a. [L. triennium the space of three years; tri- (see Tri-) + annus year. See Annual.] 1. Continuing three years; as, triennial parliaments; a triennial reign. Howell.

2. Happening, coming about, or appearing once in every three years; as, triennial elections; a triennial catalogue; a triennial visitation. T. Warton.

Tri*en"ni*al, n. Something which takes place or appears once in three years.

Tri*en"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in three years.

||Tri"ens (?), n. [L., from tres, tria, three.] (Rom. Antiq.) A Roman copper coin, equal to one third of the as. See 3d As, 2.

Tri"er (?), n. [From Try.] 1. One who tries; one who makes experiments; one who examines anything by a test or standard. Boyle.

2. One who tries judicially.

3. (Law) A person appointed according to law to try challenges of jurors; a trior. Burrill.

4. That which tries or approves; a test. Shak.

Tri"er*arch (?), n. [L. trierarchus, Gr. &?;; &?; a trireme + &?; a leader, a chief.] (Gr. Antiq.) (a) The commander of a trireme. (b) At Athens, one who (singly, or jointly with other citizens) had to fit out a trireme for the public service.

Tri"er*arch`y (?), n.; pl. Trierarchises (#). [ Gr. &?;.] The office duty of a trierarch.

Tri`e*ter"ic*al (?), a. [L. trietericus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; (sc. &?;) a triennial festival; &?; (see Tri-.) + &?; a year.] Kept or occurring once in three years; triennial. [R.] J. Gregory.

Tri`e*ter"ics (?), n. pl. [L. trieterica, pl., fr. Gr. &?; of a triennial festival.] (Class. Antiq.) Festival games celebrated once in three years. [R.] May.

Tri*eth`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Pref. tri- + ethylamine.] (Chem.) A tertiary amine analogous to trimethylamine.

Tri*fa"cial (?), a. [Pref. tri- + facial.] (Anat.) See Trigeminal.

Tri"fal`low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trifallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trifallowing.] [Pref. tri- + fallow. Cf. Thryfallow.] To plow the third time before sowing, as land. Mortimer.

Tri*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. trifarius of three sorts or ways, threefold; cf. Gr. &?;. Cf. Bifarious.] (Bot.) Facing three ways; arranged in three vertical ranks, as the leaves of veratrum.

Tri*fas"ci*a`ted (?), a. [Pref. tri- + fasciated.] Having, or surrounded by, three fasciæ, or bands.

Tri"fid, a. [L. trifidus; tri- (see Tri-) + the root of findere to split: cf. F. trifide.] Cleft to the middle, or slightly beyond the middle, into three parts; three-cleft.

Tri*fis"tu*la*ry (?), a. [Pref. tri- + fistula, fistular.] Having three pipes. Sir T. Browne.

Tri"fle (?), n. [OE. trifle, trufle, OF. trufle mockery, raillery, trifle, probably the same word as F. truffe truffle, the word being applied to any small or worthless object. See Truffle.] 1. A thing of very little value or importance; a paltry, or trivial, affair.

With such poor trifles playing.
Drayton.

Trifles light as air
Are to the jealous confirmation strong
As proofs of holy writ.
Shak.

Small sands the mountain, moments make year,
And frifles life.
Young.

2. A dish composed of sweetmeats, fruits, cake, wine, etc., with syllabub poured over it.

Tri"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trifled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trifling (?).] [OE. trifelen, truflen. See Trifle, n.] To act or talk without seriousness, gravity, weight, or dignity; to act or talk with levity; to indulge in light or trivial amusements.

They trifle, and they beat the air about nothing which toucheth us.
Hooker.

To trifle with, to play the fool with; to treat without respect or seriousness; to mock; as, to trifle with one's feelings, or with sacred things.

Tri"fle, v. t. 1. To make of no importance; to treat as a trifle. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To spend in vanity; to fritter away; to waste; as, to trifle away money. "We trifle time." Shak.

Tri"fler (?), n. One who trifles. Waterland.

Tri"fling (?), a. Being of small value or importance; trivial; paltry; as, a trifling debt; a trifling affair. -- Tri"fling*ly, adv. -- Tri"fling*ness, n.

{ Tri*flo"ral (?), Tri*flo"rous (?), } a. [Pref. tri- + L. flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Three-flowered; having or bearing three flowers; as, a triflorous peduncle.

Tri*fluc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. tri- + fluctuation.] A concurrence of three waves. [Obs.] "A trifluctuation of evils." Sir T. Browne.

{ Tri*fo"li*ate (?), Tri*fo"li*a`ted (?), } a. [Tri- + foliate. Cf. Trefoil.] (Bot.) Having three leaves or leaflets, as clover. See Illust. of Shamrock.

Tri*fo"li*o*late (?), a. [Pref. tri- + foliolate.] (Bot.) Having three leaflets.

||Tri*fo"li*um (?), n. [L., clover.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous herbs with densely spiked flowers and usually trifoliate leaves; trefoil. There are many species, all of which are called clover. See Clover.

Tri"fo*ly (?), n. [L. trifolium. See Trifoliate, Trefoil.] (Bot.) Sweet trefoil. [Obs.]

She was crowned with a chaplet of trifoly.
B. Jonson.

||Tri*fo"ri*um (?), n. [LL., fr. L. tri- (see Tri-) + foris, pl. fores, a door.] (Arch.) The gallery or open space between the vaulting and the roof of the aisles of a church, often forming a rich arcade in the interior of the church, above the nave arches and below the clearstory windows.

Tri"form (?), a. [L. triformis; tri- (see Tri-) + forma form.] Having a triple form or character. "This triform antagonism." I. Taylor.

Goddess Triform, I own thy triple spell.
Lowell.

Tri*form"i*ty (?), n. [L. triformitas.] The state of being triform, or of having a threefold shape.

{ Tri*fur"cate (?), Tri*fur"ca*ted (?), } a. [L. trifurcus; tri- (see Tri-) + furca fork.] Having three branches or forks; trichotomous.

Trig (?), v. t. [Cf. Dan. trykke to press, Sw. trycka.] To fill; to stuff; to cram. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Trig, a. [Formerly written trick, akin to trick to dress.] Full; also, trim; neat. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

To sit on a horse square and trig.
Brit. Quart. Rev.

Trig, v. t. [See Trigger.] To stop, as a wheel, by placing something under it; to scotch; to skid.

Trig, n. [See Trigger.] A stone, block of wood, or anything else, placed under a wheel or barrel to prevent motion; a scotch; a skid. [Eng.] Wright.

Trig"a*mist (?), n. [See Trigamy.] One who has been married three times; also, one who has three husbands or three wives at the same time.

Trig"a*mous (?), a. [L. trigamus a thrice-married man, Gr. &?; thrice married; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; marriage: cf. F. trigame.] (Bot.) Having three sorts of flowers in the same head, -- male, female, and hermaphrodite, or perfect, flowers.

Trig"a*my (?), n. [L. trigamia,Gr. &?;: cf. F. trigamie. See Trigamous.] The act of marrying, or the state of being married, three times; also, the offense of having three husbands or three wives at the same time.

Tri*gas"tric (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; belly.] (Anat.) Having three bellies; -- said of a muscle. Dunglison.

Tri*gem"i*nal (?), a. [See Trigeminous.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the fifth pair of cranial nerves, which divide on each side of the head into three main branches distributed to the orbits, jaws, and parts of the mouth; trifacial.

Tri*gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. trigeminus born three together; tri- (see Tri-) + geminus twin. Cf. Tergeminous.] Born three together; being one of three born at the same birth; also, threefold. E. Phillip&?;.

Tri*gen"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + gen- + -ic. So named in reference to its composition, it being supposed to contain the radicals of three molecules of cyanic acid.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C4H7N3O2, obtained, by the action of the vapor of cyanic acid on cold aldehyde, as a white crystalline substance having a slightly acid taste and faint smell; -- called also ethidene- or ethylidene-biuret.

Tri*ges"i*mo-se*cun"do (?), a. [L. in trigesimo-secundo in the thirty-second.] Having thirty-two leaves to a sheet; as, a trigesimo-secundo form, book, leaf, size, etc.

Tri*ges"i*mo-se*cun"do, n. A book composed of sheets so folded that each one makes thirty-two leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of book; -- usually written 32mo, or 32°, and called thirty-twomo.

Trig"ger (?), n. [For older tricker, from D. trekker, fr. trekken to draw, pull. See Trick, n.] 1. A catch to hold the wheel of a carriage on a declivity.

2. (Mech.) A piece, as a lever, which is connected with a catch or detent as a means of releasing it; especially (Firearms), the part of a lock which is moved by the finger to release the cock and discharge the piece.

Trigger fish (Zoöl.), a large plectognath fish (Balistes Carolinensis or B. capriscus) common on the southern coast of the United States, and valued as a food fish in some localities. Its rough skin is used for scouring and polishing in the place of sandpaper. Called also leather jacket, and turbot.

Tri*gin`tal (?), n. [LL. trigintate, fr. L. triginta thirty. See Trental.] (R. C. Ch.) A trental.

Tri*glyc"er*ide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + glyceride.] (Chem.) A glyceride formed by the replacement of three hydrogen atoms in glycerin by acid radicals.

Tri"glyph (?), n. [L. triglyphus, Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; to carve: cf. F. triglyphe.] (Arch.) An ornament in the frieze of the Doric order, repeated at equal intervals. Each triglyph consists of a rectangular tablet, slightly projecting, and divided nearly to the top by two parallel and perpendicular gutters, or channels, called glyphs, into three parts, or spaces, called femora. A half channel, or glyph, is also cut upon each of the perpendicular edges of the tablet. See Illust. of Entablature.

{ Tri*glyph"ic (?), Tri*glyph"ic*al (?), } a. 1. Consisting of, or pertaining to, triglyphs.

2. Containing three sets of characters or sculptures.

Trig"ness (?), n. [See Trig trim, neat.] The quality or state of being trig; smartness; neatness.

Their spars had no man-of-war trigness.
Kane.

Tri"gon (?), n. [L. trigonum, Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; a corner, angle: cf. F. trigone.]

1. A figure having three angles; a triangle.

2. (Astrol.) (a) A division consisting of three signs. (b) Trine, an aspect of two planets distant 120 degrees from each other. Hutton.

3. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) (a) A kind of triangular lyre or harp. (b) A kind of game at ball played by three persons standing at the angular points of a triangle.

Trig"o*nal (?), a. Having three angles, or corners; triangular; as, a trigonal stem, one having tree prominent longitudinal angles.

||Tri`gone" (?), n. [F., literally, a trigon.] (Anat.) A smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder, limited by the apertures of the ureters and urethra.

||Tri*go"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Trigon. So called in allusion to the triangular shape of some species.] (Zoöl.) A genus of pearly bivalve shells, numerous extinct species of which are characteristic of the Mesozoic rocks. A few living species exist on the coast of Australia.

Trig`o*noc"er*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?; triangle + &?; horn.] (Zoöl.) Having horns with three angles, like those of some species of goats.

{ Trig`o*no*met"ric (?), Trig`o*no*met"ric*al (?), }[Cf. F. trigonométrique.] Of or pertaining to trigonometry; performed by the rules of trigonometry.

--Trig`o*no*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

Trigonometrical curve, a curve one of whose coördinates is a trigonometric function of the other. -- Trigonometrical function. See under Function. -- Trigonometrical lines, lines which are employed in solving the different cases of plane and spherical trigonometry, as sines, tangents, secants, and the like. These lines, or the lengths of them, are trigonometrical functions of the arcs and angles to which they belong. -- Trigonometrical survey. See under Survey.

Trig`o*nom"e*try (?), n.; pl. -tries (#). [Gr. &?; a triangle + -metry: cf. F. trigonométrie. See Trigon.] 1. That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations of the sides and angles of triangles, which the methods of deducing from certain given parts other required parts, and also of the general relations which exist between the trigonometrical functions of arcs or angles.

2. A treatise in this science.

Analytical trigonometry, that branch of trigonometry which treats of the relations and properties of the trigonometrical functions. -- Plane trigonometry, and Spherical trigonometry, those branches of trigonometry in which its principles are applied to plane triangles and spherical triangles respectively.

Trig"o*nous (?), a. [L. trigonus, Gr. &?;. See Trigon.] Same as Trigonal.

Tri"gram (?), n. [Pref. tri- + - gram.] Same as Trigraph.

Tri`gram*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; + &?; a letter.] Containing three letters or characters, or three sets of letters or characters.

Tri*gram"mic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Trigrammatic.] Same as Trigrammatic.

Tri"graph (?), n. [Pref. tri- + - graph.] Three letters united in pronunciation so as to have but one sound, or to form but one syllable, as -ieu in adieu; a triphthong.

Tri"gyn (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of the Trigynia.

||Tri*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., Gr. &?; (see Tri-) + &?; a woman, a female.] (Bot.) A Linnæan order of plants having three pistils or styles.

{ Tri*gyn"i*an (?), Trig"y*nous (?), } a. (Bot.) Having three pistils or styles; of or pertaining to the Trigynia.

Tri*he"dral (?), a. [See Trihedron.] (Geom.) Having three sides or faces; thus, a trihedral angle is a solid angle bounded by three plane angles. [Written also triedral.]

Tri*he"dron (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; a seat, base.] (Geom.) A figure having three sides.

Tri*ho"ral (?), a. [Pref. tri- + horal.] Occurring once in every three hours.

Trij"u*gate (?), a. [See Trijugous.] (Bot.) In three pairs; as, a trijugate leaf, or a pinnate leaf with three pairs of leaflets.

Trij"u*gous (?), a. [L. trijugus threefold; tri- + jugum a yoke.] (Bot.) Same as Trijugate.

Tri"ko*sane (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; twenty.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C23H48, of the methane series, resembling paraffin; - - so called because it has twenty-three atoms of carbon in the molecule.

Tri*lat"er*al (?), a.[L. trilaterus; tri- (see Tri-) + latus, lateris, side: cf. F. trilatéral. See Lateral.] (Geom.) Having three sides; being three-sided; as, a trilateral triangle. -- Tri*lat"er*al*ly, adv. -- Tri*lat"er*al*ness, n.

Tri*lem"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see Tri-) + &?; any thing received, in logic, an assumption. Cf. Dilemma.] 1. (Logic) A syllogism with three conditional propositions, the major premises of which are disjunctively affirmed in the minor. See Dilemma.

2. A state of things in which it is difficult to determine which one of three courses to pursue.

Tri*lin"e*ar (?), a. (Math.) Of, pertaining to, or included by, three lines; as, trilinear coördinates.

Tri*lin"gual (?), a. [L. trilinguis; tri- (see Tri-) + lingua tongue, language. See Lingual.] Containing, or consisting of, three languages; expressed in three languages.

The much-noted Rosetta stone . . . bears upon its surface a trilingual inscription.
I. Taylor.

Tri*lin"guar (?), a. See Trilingual.

Tri*lit"er*al (?), a. [Pref. tri- + literal.] Consisting of three letters; trigrammic; as, a triliteral root or word. -- n. A triliteral word.

Tri*lit"er*al*ism (?), n. Same as Triliterality.

{ Tri*lit`er*al"i*ty (?), Tri*lit"er*al*ness (?), } n. The quality of being triliteral; as, the triliterality of Hebrew roots. W. D. Whitney.

Tri"lith (?), n. Same as Trilithon. Mollett.

Tri*lith"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a trilith.

Tril"i*thon (tr&ibreve;l"&ibreve;*th&obreve;n), n.; pl. Trilithons (#). [NL., fr. Gr.&?; of or with three stones; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; stone.] (Archæol.) A monument consisting of three stones; especially, such a monument forming a kind of doorway, as among the ancient Celts.

Trill (?), v. i. [OE. trillen to roll, turn round; of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. trilla to roll, Dan. trilde, Icel. þyrla to whirl, and E. thrill. Cf. Thrill.] To flow in a small stream, or in drops rapidly succeeding each other; to trickle. Sir W. Scott.

And now and then an ample tear trilled down
Her delicate cheek.
Shak.

Whispered sounds
Of waters, trilling from the riven stone.
Glover.

Trill (?), v. t. [OE. trillen; cf. Sw. trilla to roll.] To turn round; to twirl. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

Bid him descend and trill another pin.
Chaucer.

Trill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trilling.] [It. trillare; probably of imitative origin.] To impart the quality of a trill to; to utter as, or with, a trill; as, to trill the r; to trill a note.

The sober-suited songstress trills her lay.
Thomson.

Trill, v. i. To utter trills or a trill; to play or sing in tremulous vibrations of sound; to have a trembling sound; to quaver.

To judge of trilling notes and tripping feet.
Dryden.

Trill, n. [It. trillo, fr. trillare. See Trill to shake.]

1. A sound, of consonantal character, made with a rapid succession of partial or entire intermissions, by the vibration of some one part of the organs in the mouth -- tongue, uvula, epiglottis, or lip -- against another part; as, the r is a trill in most languages.

2. The action of the organs in producing such sounds; as, to give a trill to the tongue. d

3. (Mus.) A shake or quaver of the voice in singing, or of the sound of an instrument, produced by the rapid alternation of two contiguous tones of the scale; as, to give a trill on the high C. See Shake.

Tril"la*chan (?), n. (Zoöl.) The oyster catcher. [Prov. Eng.]

Tril"ling (?), n. [Cf. G. drilling.] 1. One of tree children born at the same birth. Wright.

2. (Crystallog.) A compound crystal, consisting of three individuals.

Tril"lion (?), n. [F. trillion, formed from the pref. tri- in imitation of million a million. Cf. Billion.] According to the French notation, which is used upon the Continent generally and in the United States, the number expressed by a unit with twelve ciphers annexed; a million millions; according to the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the third power, or the number represented by a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

||Tril"li*um (?), n. [NL.; cf. L. trilix triple-woven, triple.] (Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants; the three-leaved nightshade; -- so called because all the parts of the plant are in threes.

||Tril"lo (?), n. [It. See Trill.] (Mus.) A trill or shake. See Trill.

Tri*lo"bate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + lobate.] Having three lobes.

Tri`lo*ba"tion (?), n. The state of being trilobate.

Tri"lobed (?), a. [Pref. tri- + lobe.] Same as Trilobate.

||Tri`lo*bi"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of arthropods comprising the trilobites.

Tri"lo*bite (trī"l&osl;*bīt), n. [Cf. F. trilobite. See Trilobate.] (Paleon.) Any one of numerous species of extinct arthropods belonging to the order Trilobita. Trilobites were very common in the Silurian and Devonian periods, but became extinct at the close of the Paleozoic. So named from the three lobes usually seen on each segment.

Tri`lo*bit"ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to or containing, trilobites; as, trilobitic rocks.

Tri*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Pref. tri- + locular: cf. F. triloculaire.] Having three cells or cavities; as, a trilocular capsule; a trilocular heart.

Tril"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. trilogi`a; pref. tri- (see Tri-) + lo`gos speech, discourse: cf. F. trilogie.] A series of three dramas which, although each of them is in one sense complete, have a close mutual relation, and form one historical and poetical picture. Shakespeare's " Henry VI." is an example.

On the Greek stage, a drama, or acted story, consisted in reality of three dramas, called together a trilogy, and performed consecutively in the course of one day.
Coleridge.

{ Tri*lu"mi*nar (?), Tri*lu"mi*nous (?), } a. [Pref. tri- + L. lumen, luminis, light.] Having three lights [R.]

Trim (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trimmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trimming.] [OE. trimen, trumen, AS. trymian, trymman, to prepare, dispose, make strong, fr. trum firm, strong; of uncertain origin.] 1. To make trim; to put in due order for any purpose; to make right, neat, or pleasing; to adjust.

The hermit trimmed his little fire.
Goldsmith.

2. To dress; to decorate; to adorn; to invest; to embellish; as, to trim a hat.

A rotten building newly trimmed over.
Milton.

I was trimmed in Julia's gown.
Shak.

3. To make ready or right by cutting or shortening; to clip or lop; to curtail; as, to trim the hair; to trim a tree. " And trimmed the cheerful lamp." Byron.

4. (Carp.) To dress, as timber; to make smooth.

5. (Naut.) (a) To adjust, as a ship, by arranging the cargo, or disposing the weight of persons or goods, so equally on each side of the center and at each end, that she shall sit well on the water and sail well; as, to trim a ship, or a boat. (b) To arrange in due order for sailing; as, to trim the sails.

6. To rebuke; to reprove; also, to beat. [Colloq.]

To trim in (Carp.), to fit, as a piece of timber, into other work. -- To trim up, to dress; to put in order.

I found her trimming up the diadem
On her dead mistress.
Shak.

Trim (?), v. i. To balance; to fluctuate between parties, so as to appear to favor each.

Trim, n. 1. Dress; gear; ornaments.

Seeing him just pass the window in his woodland trim.
Sir W. Scott.

2. Order; disposition; condition; as, to be in good trim. " The trim of an encounter." Chapman.

3. The state of a ship or her cargo, ballast, masts, etc., by which she is well prepared for sailing.

4. (Arch) The lighter woodwork in the interior of a building; especially, that used around openings, generally in the form of a molded architrave, to protect the plastering at those points.

In ballast trim (Naut.), having only ballast on board. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Trim of the masts (Naut.), their position in regard to the ship and to each other, as near or distant, far forward or much aft, erect or raking. -- Trim of sails (Naut.), that adjustment, with reference to the wind, witch is best adapted to impel the ship forward.

Trim, a. [Compar. Trimmer (?); superl. Trimmest.] [See Trim, v. t.] Fitly adjusted; being in good order., or made ready for service or use; firm; compact; snug; neat; fair; as, the ship is trim, or trim built; everything about the man is trim; a person is trim when his body is well shaped and firm; his dress is trim when it fits closely to his body, and appears tight and snug; a man or a soldier is trim when he stands erect.

With comely carriage of her countenance trim.
Spenser.

So deemed I till I viewed their trim array
Of boats last night.
Trench.

Tri*mac"u*la`ted (?), a. [Pref. tri- + maculated.] Marked with three spots, or maculæ.

Tri*mel"lic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + L. mel, gen. mellis, honey.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain tribasic acid (called also trimellitic acid) metameric with trimesitic acid.

Tri*mem"bral, a. [L. trimembris triplemembered. See Tri-, and Member.] Having, or consisting of, three members.

||Tri"me*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tri-, and -mere.] (Zoöl.) A division of Coleoptera including those which have but three joints in the tarsi.

Tri"mer*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Trimera. Also used adjectively.

Tri"mer*ous (?), a. [See Trimera.] (Bot.) Having the parts in threes.

Tri`me*sit"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + mesitylene + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a tribasic acid, C6H3.(CO2)3, of the aromatic series, obtained, by the oxidation of mesitylene, as a white crystalline substance. [Written also trimesic.]

Tri*mes"ter (?), n. [L. trimestris of three months; tri- (see Tri-) + mensis month: cf. F. trimestre.] A term or period of three months.

Tri*mes"tral (?), a. Trimestrial. Southey.

Tri*mes"tri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a trimester, or period of three months; occurring once in every three months; quarterly.

Trim"e*ter (?), a. [L. trimetrus, Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; measure. See Meter measure.] (Pros.) Consisting of three poetical measures. -- n. A poetical division of verse, consisting of three measures. Lowth.

Tri*meth"yl (?). (Chem.) A prefix or combining form (also used adjectively) indicating the presence of three methyl groups.

Tri*meth`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Trimethyl- + amine.] (Chem.) A colorless volatile alkaline liquid, N.(CH3)3, obtained from herring brine, beet roots, etc., with a characteristic herringlike odor. It is regarded as a substituted ammonia containing three methyl groups.

Tri*meth"yl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, C3H6, isomeric with propylene and obtained from it indirectly. It is the base of a series of compounds analogous to the aromatic hydrocarbons.

Tri*met"ric (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; measure.] (Crystallog.) Same as Orthorhombic.

Tri*met"ric*al (?), a. Same as Trimeter.

Trim"ly (?), adv. In a trim manner; nicely.

Trim"mer (?), n. 1. One who trims, arranges, fits, or ornaments.

2. One who does not adopt extreme opinions in politics, or the like; one who fluctuates between parties, so as to appear to favor each; a timeserver.

Thus Halifax was a trimmer on principle.
Macaulay.

3. An instrument with which trimming is done.

4. (Arch.) A beam, into which are framed the ends of headers in floor framing, as when a hole is to be left for stairs, or to avoid bringing joists near chimneys, and the like. See Illust. of Header.

Trim"ming (?), a. from Trim, v.

The Whigs are, essentially, an inefficient, trimming, halfway sort of a party.
Jeffrey.

Trimming joist (Arch.), a joist into which timber trimmers are framed; a header. See Header. Knight.

Trim"ming, n. 1. The act of one who trims.

2. That which serves to trim, make right or fitting, adjust, ornament, or the like; especially, the necessary or the ornamental appendages, as of a garment; hence, sometimes, the concomitants of a dish; a relish; -- usually in the plural.

3. The act of reprimanding or chastisting; as, to give a boy a trimming. [Colloq.]

Trim"ming*ly, adv. In a trimming manner.

Trim"ness, n. The quality or state of being trim; orderliness; compactness; snugness; neatness.

Tri"morph (?), n. [See Trimorphous.] (Crystallog.) A substance which crystallizes in three distinct forms, or which has three distinct physical states; also, any one of these distinct forms. See Trimorphism, 1.

{ Tri*mor"phic (?), Tri*mor"phous (?), } a. [Gr. &?; three-formed; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; form.] Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, trimorphism; -- contrasted with monomorphic, dimorphic, and polymorphic.

Tri*mor"phism (?), n. [See Trimorphic.] 1. (Crystallog.) The property of crystallizing in three forms fundamentally distinct, as is the case with titanium dioxide, which crystallizes in the forms of rutile, octahedrite, and brookite. See Pleomorphism.

2. (Biol.) The coëxistence among individuals of the same species of three distinct forms, not connected, as a rule, by intermediate gradations; the condition among individuals of the same species of having three different shapes or proportions of corresponding parts; -- contrasted with polymorphism, and dimorphism.

Heterogonous trimporphism (Bot.), that condition in which flowers of plants of the same species have three different lengths of stamens, short, medium, and long, the blossoms of one individual plant having short and medium stamens and a long style, those of another having short and long stamens and a style of medium length, and those of a third having medium and long stamens and a short style, the style of each blossom thus being of a length not represented by its stamens.

||Tri*mur"ti (?), n. [Skr. trimūrti; tri three + mūrti body.] (Hindu Myth.) The triad, or trinity, of Hindu gods, consisting of Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Siva, the Destroyer. [Spelled also Trimurtti.]

Trim`y*a"ri*an (?), n. [Pref. tri + Gr. &?;, &?;, a muscle.] (Zoöl.) A lamellibranch which has three muscular scars on each valve.

Tri"nal (?), a. [L. trinus triple, trini three each, fr. tres, tria, three. See Three, and cf. Trine, a. & n., Tern, a.] Threefold. "Trinal unity." Milton.

In their trinal triplicities on high.
Spenser.

Trin"dle (?), v. t. & n. See Trundle.

Trine (?), a. [See Trinal.] Threefold; triple; as, trine dimensions, or length, breadth, and thickness.

Trine, n. [F. trine, trin. See Trinal.] 1. (Astrol.) The aspect of planets distant from each other 120 degrees, or one third of the zodiac; trigon.

In sextile, square, and trine.
Milton.

2. A triad; trinity. [R.]

A single trine of brazen tortoises.
Mrs. Browning.

Eternal One, Almighty Trine!
Keble.

Trine, v. t. To put in the aspect of a trine. [R.]

By fortune he [Saturn] was now to Venus trined.
Dryden.

Tri*nerv"ate (?), a. [NL. trinervatus; pref. tri- + L. nervus nerve.] (Bot.) Having three ribs or nerves extending unbranched from the base to the apex; -- said of a leaf. Gray.

{ Tri"nerve` (?), Tri"nerved` (?), } a. [Pref. tri- + nerve.] (Bot.) Same as Trinervate.

||Trin"ga (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of limicoline birds including many species of sandpipers. See Dunlin, Knot, and Sandpiper.

Trin"gle (?), n. [F. tringle.] A curtain rod for a bedstead.

Trin"goid (?), a. [Tringa + - oid.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to Tringa, or the Sandpiper family.

Trin`i*ta"ri*an (?), a. [Cf. F. trinitaire. See Trinity.] Of or pertaining to the Trinity, the doctrine of the Trinity, or believers in that doctrine.

Trin`i*ta"ri*an, n. 1. One who believes in the doctrine of the Trinity.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a monastic order founded in Rome in 1198 by St. John of Matha, and an old French hermit, Felix of Valois, for the purpose of redeeming Christian captives from the Mohammedans.

Trin`i*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of the Trinity; the doctrine that there are three distinct persons in the Godhead.

Tri*ni`tro*cel"lu*lose" (?), n. Gun cotton; -- so called because regarded as containing three nitro groups.

Tri*ni`tro*phe"nol (?), n. (Chem.) Picric acid.

Trin"i*ty (?), n. [OE. trinitee, F. trinité, L. trinitas, fr. trini three each. See Trinal.] 1. (Christian Theol.) The union of three persons (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost) in one Godhead, so that all the three are one God as to substance, but three persons as to individuality.

2. Any union of three in one; three units treated as one; a triad, as the Hindu trinity, or Trimurti.

3. Any symbol of the Trinity employed in Christian art, especially the triangle.

Trinity House, an institution in London for promoting commerce and navigation, by licensing pilots, ordering and erecting beacons, and the like. -- Trinity Sunday, the Sunday next after Whitsunday; -- so called from the feast held on that day in honor of the Holy Trinity. -- Trinity term. (Law) See the Note under Term, n., 5.

Trin`i*u"ni*ty (?), n. [See Trinity, and Unity.] Triunity; trinity. [Obs.]

As for terms of trinity, triniunity, . . . and the like, they reject them as scholastic notions.
Milton.

Trink (?), n. A kind of fishing net. [Obs.] Crabb.

Trin"ket (?), n. [F. trinquet foremast, also, a certain sail, trinquette a triangular sail, or Sp. trinquete triangular.] (Naut.) A three-cornered sail formerly carried on a ship's foremast, probably on a lateen yard.

Sailing always with the sheets of mainsail and trinket warily in our hands.
Hakluyt.

Trin"ket, n. [OE. trenket a sort of knife, hence, probably, a toy knife worn as an ornament; probably from an Old French dialectic form of trenchier to cut. Cf. Trench, v. t.] 1. A knife; a cutting tool. Tusser.

2. A small ornament, as a jewel, ring, or the like.

3. A thing of little value; a trifle; a toy.

Trin"ket, v. i. To give trinkets; hence, to court favor; to intrigue. [Obs.] South.

Trin"ket*er (?), n. One who trinkets. [Obs.]

Trin"ket*ry (?), n. Ornaments of dress; trinkets, collectively.

No trinketry on front, or neck, or breast.
Southey.

Trin"kle (?), v. i. To act secretly, or in an underhand way; to tamper. [Obs.] Wright.

Tri*noc"tial (?), a. [L. trinoctialis for three nights; tri- (see Tri-) + nox, noctis, night.] Lasting during three nights; comprising three nights.

Tri*nod"al (?), a. [L. trinodis three- knotted; tri- (see Tri-) + nodus knot.] 1. (Bot.) Having three knots or nodes; having three points from which a leaf may shoot; as, a trinodal stem.

2. (Geom.) Having three nodal points.

Tri*no"mi*al (?), n. [Pref. tri- + -nomial as in binomial: cf. F. trinôme.] (Math.) A quantity consisting of three terms, connected by the sign + or -; as, x + y + z, or ax + 2b - c2.

Tri*no"mi*al, a. (Math.) Consisting of three terms; of or pertaining to trinomials; as, a trinomial root.

Tri*nom"i*nal (?), n. & a. [Pref. tri- + L. nomen, nominis, name: cf. L. trinominis three- named.] (Math.) Trinomial.

||Tri*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref. tri- + nucleus.] (Paleon.) A genus of Lower Silurian trilobites in which the glabella and cheeks form three rounded elevations on the head.

Tri"o (?), n. [It., fr. L. tres, tria, three: cf. F. trio, from the Italian. See Three.] 1. Three, considered collectively; three in company or acting together; a set of three; three united.

The trio were well accustomed to act together, and were linked to each other by ties of mutual interest.
Dickens.

2. (Mus.) (a) A composition for three parts or three instruments. (b) The secondary, or episodical, movement of a minuet or scherzo, as in a sonata or symphony, or of a march, or of various dance forms; -- not limited to three parts or instruments.

{ Tri*ob"o*lar (?), Tri*ob"o*la*ry (?), } a. [LL. triobolaris, fr. L. triobolus a piece of three oboli, Gr. &?;. See Tri-, and Obolus.] Of the value of three oboli; hence, mean; worthless. [Obs.]

It may pass current . . . for a triobolar ballad.
Cheyne.

Tri*oc"tile (-&obreve;k"t&ibreve;l), n. [Pref. tri- + octile.] (Astrol.) An aspect of two planets with regard to the earth when they are three octants, or three eighths of a circle, that is, 135 degrees, distant from each other. Hutton.

||Tri*œ"ci*a (-ē"sh&ibreve;*&adot;), n. pl. [NL. See Triœcious.] (Bot.) The third order of the Linnæan class Polygamia.

Tri*œ"cious (-shŭs), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; house.] (Bot.) Having three sorts of flowers on the same or on different plants, some of the flowers being staminate, others pistillate, and others both staminate and pistillate; belonging to the order Triœcia.

Tri"ole (trē"ōl), n. [See Triolet.] (Mus.) Same as Triplet.

Tri*o"le*in (tr&isl;*ō"l&esl;*&ibreve;n), n. [Pref. tri- + olein.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Olein.

Tri"o*let (trī"&osl;*l&ebreve;t), n. [F. triolet. See Trio.] A short poem or stanza of eight lines, in which the first line is repeated as the fourth and again as the seventh line, the second being, repeated as the eighth. Brande & C.

||Tri*on`y*choi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Trionyx, and -old.] (Zoöl.) A division of chelonians which comprises Trionyx and allied genera; -- called also Trionychoides, and Trionychina.

||Tri*on"yx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see Tri-) + &?; a claw.] (Zoöl.) A genus of fresh-water or river turtles which have the shell imperfectly developed and covered with a soft leathery skin. They are noted for their agility and rapacity. Called also soft tortoise, soft-shell tortoise, and mud turtle.

&fist; The common American species (Trionyx, or Aspidonectus, ferox) becomes over a foot in length and is very voracious. Similar species are found in Asia and Africa.

Tri"or (?), n. (Law) Same as Trier, 2 and 3.

Tri*ox"ide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen; as, sulphur trioxide, SO3; -- formerly called tritoxide.

Trip (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tripped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tripping.] [OE. trippen; akin to D. trippen, Dan. trippe, and E. tramp. See Tramp.]

1. To move with light, quick steps; to walk or move lightly; to skip; to move the feet nimbly; -- sometimes followed by it. See It, 5.

This horse anon began to trip and dance.
Chaucer.

Come, and trip it, as you go,
On the light fantastic toe.
Milton.

She bounded by, and tripped so light
They had not time to take a steady sight.
Dryden.

2. To make a brief journey or pleasure excursion; as, to trip to Europe.

3. To take a quick step, as when in danger of losing one's balance; hence, to make a false step; to catch the foot; to lose footing; to stumble.

4. Fig.: To be guilty of a misstep; to commit an offense against morality, propriety, or rule; to err; to mistake; to fail. "Till his tongue trip." Locke.

A blind will thereupon comes to be led by a blind understanding; there is no remedy, but it must trip and stumble.
South.

Virgil is so exact in every word that none can be changed but for a worse; he pretends sometimes to trip, but it is to make you think him in danger when most secure.
Dryden.

What? dost thou verily trip upon a word?
R. Browning.

Trip, v. t. 1. To cause to stumble, or take a false step; to cause to lose the footing, by striking the feet from under; to cause to fall; to throw off the balance; to supplant; -- often followed by up; as, to trip up a man in wrestling.

The words of Hobbes's defense trip up the heels of his cause.
Abp. Bramhall.

2. Fig.: To overthrow by depriving of support; to put an obstacle in the way of; to obstruct; to cause to fail.

To trip the course of law, and blunt the sword.
Shak.

3. To detect in a misstep; to catch; to convict. [R.]

These her women can trip me if I err.
Shak.

4. (Naut.) (a) To raise (an anchor) from the bottom, by its cable or buoy rope, so that it hangs free. (b) To pull (a yard) into a perpendicular position for lowering it.

5. (Mach.) To release, let fall, or set free, as a weight or compressed spring, as by removing a latch or detent.

Trip, n. 1. A quick, light step; a lively movement of the feet; a skip.

His heart bounded as he sometimes could hear the trip of a light female step glide to or from the door.
Sir W. Scott.

2. A brief or rapid journey; an excursion or jaunt.

I took a trip to London on the death of the queen.
Pope.

3. A false step; a stumble; a misstep; a loss of footing or balance. Fig.: An error; a failure; a mistake.

Imperfect words, with childish trips.
Milton.

Each seeming trip, and each digressive start.
Harte.

4. A small piece; a morsel; a bit. [Obs.] "A trip of cheese." Chaucer.

5. A stroke, or catch, by which a wrestler causes his antagonist to lose footing.

And watches with a trip his foe to foil.
Dryden.

It is the sudden trip in wrestling that fetches a man to the ground.
South.

6. (Naut.) A single board, or tack, in plying, or beating, to windward.

7. A herd or flock, as of sheep, goats, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scott.]

8. A troop of men; a host. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne.

9. (Zoöl.) A flock of widgeons.

Tri*pal"mi*tate (?), n. [Pref. tri- + palmitate.] (Chem.) A palmitate derived from three molecules of palmitic acid.

Tri*pal"mi*tin (?), n. [Pref. tri- + palmitin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Palmitin.

Tri*pang" (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Trepang.

Tri"part`ed (?), a. [Pref. tri- + parted.]

1. (Her.) Parted into three piece; having three parts or pieces; -- said of the field or of a bearing; as, a cross triparted.

2. (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base into three segments or lobes.

Tri*part"i*ble (?), a. Divisible into three parts.

Tri*par"tient (?), a. [See Tripartite.] (Arith.) Dividing into three parts; -- said of a number which exactly divides another into three parts.

Trip"ar*tite (?), a. [L. tripartitus; tri- (see Tri-) + partitus, p. p. of partiri to part, to divide. See Part, v. i.] 1. Divided into three parts; triparted; as, a tripartite leaf.

2. Having three corresponding parts or copies; as, to make indentures tripartite. A. Smith.

3. Made between three parties; as, a tripartite treaty.

Trip`ar*tite*ly, adv. In a tripartite manner.

Trip`ar*ti"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. tripartition.] A division by threes, or into three parts; the taking of a third part of any number or quantity.

Tri*pas"chal (?), a. [Pref. tri- + paschal.] Including three passovers.

Tripe (?), n. [OE. tripe, F. tripe; of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. & Pg. tripa, It. trippa, OD. tripe, W. tripa, Armor. stripen.] 1. The large stomach of ruminating animals, when prepared for food.

How say you to a fat tripe finely broiled ?
Shak.

2. The entrails; hence, humorously or in contempt, the belly; -- generally used in the plural. Howell.

Trip"e*dal (?), a. [L. tripedalis; tri- (see Tri-) + pes, pedis, a foot.] Having three feet.

||Tripe`-de-roche" (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) Same as Rock tripe, under Rock.

Trip"el (?), n. (Min.) Same as Tripoli.

Tripe"man (?), n.; pl. - men (&?;). A man who prepares or sells tripe.

Tri*pen"nate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + pennate.] (Bot.) Same as Tripinnate.

Tri*per"son*al (tr&isl;*p&etilde;r"sŭn*al), a. [Pref. tri- + personal.] Consisting of three persons. Milton.

Tri*per"son*al*ist, n. A Trinitarian.

Tri*per`son*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of existing as three persons in one Godhead; trinity.

Trip"er*y (trīp"&etilde;r*&ybreve;), n. [Cf. F. triperie.] A place where tripe is prepared or sold. London Quart. Rev.

Tripe"stone` (trīp"stōn`), n. (Min.) A variety of anhydrite composed of contorted plates fancied to resemble pieces of tripe.

Tri*pet"al*oid (?), a. [Pref. tri- + petaloid.] (Bot.) Having the form or appearance of three petals; appearing as if furnished with three petals.

Tri*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + petalous: cf. F. tripétale.] (Bot.) Having three petals, or flower leaves; three-petaled.

Trip" ham`mer (?). A tilt hammer.

Tri"phane (?), n. [Gr. &?; appearing three- fold; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; to appear cf. F. triphane.] (Min.) Spodumene.

Triph"thong (?), n. [Pref. tri- + - phthong, as in diphthong: cf. F. triphthonque.] (Orthoëpy) A combination of three vowel sounds in a single syllable, forming a simple or compound sound; also, a union of three vowel characters, representing together a single sound; a trigraph; as, eye, -ieu in adieu, -eau in beau, are examples of triphthongs.

Triph*thon"gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a triphthong; consisting of three vowel sounds pronounced together in a single syllable.

Triph"y*line (?), n. Triphylite.

Triph"y*lite (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; a family, class. So called in allusion to its containing three phosphates.] (Min.) A mineral of a grayish-green or bluish color, consisting of the phosphates of iron, manganese, and lithia.

&fist; A salmon-colored or clove-brown variety containing but little iron is known as lithiophilite.

Triph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; (see Tri-) + &?; a leaf: cf. F. triphylle.] (Bot.) Having three leaves; three-leaved.

Tri*pin"nate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + pinnate.] (Bot.) Having bipinnate leaflets arranged on each side of a rhachis.

Tri`pin*nat"i*fid (?), a. [Pref. tri- + pinnatifid.] (Bot.) Thrice pinnately cleft; -- said of a pinnatifid leaf when its segments are pinnatifid, and the subdivisions of these also are pinnatifid.

Tri*pla"sian, a. [Gr. &?; thrice as many.] Three-fold; triple; treble. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Tri"ple (?), a. [L. triplus; tri- (see Tri-) + -plus, as in duplus double: cf. F. triple. See Double, and cf. Treble.] 1. Consisting of three united; multiplied by three; threefold; as, a triple knot; a triple tie.

By thy triple shape as thou art seen.
Dryden.

2. Three times repeated; treble. See Treble.

3. One of th