The Project Gutenberg Etext of The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary Version 0.50 Letters I, J, K & L: #664 in our series, by MICRA, Inc. Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! Please take a look at the important information in this header. We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an electronic path open for the next readers. Do not remove this. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations* Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and further information is included below. We need your donations. The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary: Letters I, J, K & L February, 1999 [Etext #664] The Project Gutenberg Etext of The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary ******This file should be named pgw050il.txt or pgw050il.zip****** Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, pgw051il.txt This etext was prepared by MICRA, INc. of Plainfield, NJ. See below for contact information. Portions of the text have been proof-read and supplemented by volunteers, who have helped greatly to improve the accuracy of this electronic version. Project Gutenberg Etexts are usually created from multiple editions, all of which are in the Public Domain in the United States, unless a copyright notice is included. Therefore, we do usually do NOT! keep these books in compliance with any particular paper edition. We are now trying to release all our books one month in advance of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing. Please note: neither this list nor its contents are final till midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement. The official release date of all Project Gutenberg Etexts is at Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month. A preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment and editing by those who wish to do so. To be sure you have an up to date first edition [xxxxx10x.xxx] please check file sizes in the first week of the next month. Since our ftp program has a bug in it that scrambles the date [tried to fix and failed] a look at the file size will have to do, but we will try to see a new copy has at least one byte more or less. Information about Project Gutenberg (one page) We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work. The time it takes us, a rather conservative estimate, is fifty hours to get any etext selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. This projected audience is one hundred million readers. If our value per text is nominally estimated at one dollar then we produce $2 million dollars per hour this year as we release thirty-six text files per month, or 432 more Etexts in 1999 for a total of 2000+ If these reach just 10% of the computerized population, then the total should reach over 200 billion Etexts given away this year. The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away One Trillion Etext Files by December 31, 2001. [10,000 x 100,000,000 = 1 Trillion] This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers, which is only ~5% of the present number of computer users. At our revised rates of production, we will reach only one-third of that goal by the end of 2001, or about 3,333 Etexts unless we manage to get some real funding; currently our funding is mostly from Michael Hart's salary at Carnegie-Mellon University, and an assortment of sporadic gifts; this salary is only good for a few more years, so we are looking for something to replace it, as we don't want Project Gutenberg to be so dependent on one person. We need your donations more than ever! All donations should be made to "Project Gutenberg/CMU": and are tax deductible to the extent allowable by law. (CMU = Carnegie- Mellon University). For these and other matters, please mail to: Project Gutenberg P. O. Box 2782 Champaign, IL 61825 When all other email fails. . .try our Executive Director: Michael S. Hart hart@pobox.com forwards to hart@prairienet.org and archive.org if your mail bounces from archive.org, I will still see it, if it bounces from prairienet.org, better resend later on. . . . We would prefer to send you this information by email. ****** To access Project Gutenberg etexts, use any Web browser to view http://promo.net/pg. This site lists Etexts by author and by title, and includes information about how to get involved with Project Gutenberg. You could also download our past Newsletters, or subscribe here. This is one of our major sites, please email hart@pobox.com, for a more complete list of our various sites. To go directly to the etext collections, use FTP or any Web browser to visit a Project Gutenberg mirror (mirror sites are available on 7 continents; mirrors are listed at http://promo.net/pg). Mac users, do NOT point and click, typing works better. Example FTP session: ftp sunsite.unc.edu login: anonymous password: your@login cd pub/docs/books/gutenberg cd etext90 through etext99 dir [to see files] get or mget [to get files. . .set bin for zip files] GET GUTINDEX.?? [to get a year's listing of books, e.g., GUTINDEX.99] GET GUTINDEX.ALL [to get a listing of ALL books] *** **Information prepared by the Project Gutenberg legal advisor** (Three Pages) ***START**THE SMALL PRINT!**FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS**START*** Why is this "Small Print!" statement here? You know: lawyers. They tell us you might sue us if there is something wrong with your copy of this etext, even if you got it for free from someone other than us, and even if what's wrong is not our fault. So, among other things, this "Small Print!" statement disclaims most of our liability to you. It also tells you how you can distribute copies of this etext if you want to. *BEFORE!* YOU USE OR READ THIS ETEXT By using or reading any part of this PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext, you indicate that you understand, agree to and accept this "Small Print!" statement. If you do not, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for this etext by sending a request within 30 days of receiving it to the person you got it from. If you received this etext on a physical medium (such as a disk), you must return it with your request. ABOUT PROJECT GUTENBERG-TM ETEXTS This PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext, like most PROJECT GUTENBERG- tm etexts, is a "public domain" work distributed by Professor Michael S. Hart through the Project Gutenberg Association at Carnegie-Mellon University (the "Project"). Among other things, this means that no one owns a United States copyright on or for this work, so the Project (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth below, apply if you wish to copy and distribute this etext under the Project's "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark. To create these etexts, the Project expends considerable efforts to identify, transcribe and proofread public domain works. Despite these efforts, the Project's etexts and any medium they may be on may contain "Defects". Among other things, Defects may take the form of incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other etext medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described below, [1] the Project (and any other party you may receive this etext from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext) disclaims all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees, and [2] YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE OR UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. If you discover a Defect in this etext within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that time to the person you received it from. If you received it on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement copy. If you received it electronically, such person may choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to receive it electronically. THIS ETEXT IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS". NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS TO THE ETEXT OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow disclaimers of implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the above disclaimers and exclusions may not apply to you, and you may have other legal rights. INDEMNITY You will indemnify and hold the Project, its directors, officers, members and agents harmless from all liability, cost and expense, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following that you do or cause: [1] distribution of this etext, [2] alteration, modification, or addition to the etext, or [3] any Defect. DISTRIBUTION UNDER "PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm" You may distribute copies of this etext electronically, or by disk, book or any other medium if you either delete this "Small Print!" and all other references to Project Gutenberg, or: [1] Only give exact copies of it. Among other things, this requires that you do not remove, alter or modify the etext or this "small print!" statement. You may however, if you wish, distribute this etext in machine readable binary, compressed, mark-up, or proprietary form, including any form resulting from conversion by word pro- cessing or hypertext software, but only so long as *EITHER*: [*] The etext, when displayed, is clearly readable, and does *not* contain characters other than those intended by the author of the work, although tilde (~), asterisk (*) and underline (_) characters may be used to convey punctuation intended by the author, and additional characters may be used to indicate hypertext links; OR [*] The etext may be readily converted by the reader at no expense into plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent form by the program that displays the etext (as is the case, for instance, with most word processors); OR [*] You provide, or agree to also provide on request at no additional cost, fee or expense, a copy of the etext in its original plain ASCII form (or in EBCDIC or other equivalent proprietary form). [2] Honor the etext refund and replacement provisions of this "Small Print!" statement. [3] Pay a trademark license fee to the Project of 20% of the net profits you derive calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. If you don't derive profits, no royalty is due. Royalties are payable to "Project Gutenberg Association/Carnegie-Mellon University" within the 60 days following each date you prepare (or were legally required to prepare) your annual (or equivalent periodic) tax return. WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO? The Project gratefully accepts contributions in money, time, scanning machines, OCR software, public domain etexts, royalty free copyright licenses, and every other sort of contribution you can think of. Money should be paid to "Project Gutenberg Association / Carnegie-Mellon University". *END*THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

I.

I (ī). 1. I, the ninth letter of the English alphabet, takes its form from the Phœnician, through the Latin and the Greek. The Phœnician letter was probably of Egyptian origin. Its original value was nearly the same as that of the Italian I, or long e as in mete. Etymologically I is most closely related to e, y, j, g; as in dint, dent, beverage, L. bibere; E. kin, AS. cynn; E. thin, AS. þynne; E. dominion, donjon, dungeon. In English I has two principal vowel sounds: the long sound, as in pīne, īce; and the short sound, as in p&ibreve;n. It has also three other sounds: (a) That of e in term, as in thirst. (b) That of e in mete (in words of foreign origin), as in machine, pique, regime. (c) That of consonant y (in many words in which it precedes another vowel), as in bunion, million, filial, Christian, etc. It enters into several digraphs, as in fail, field, seize, feign. friend; and with o often forms a proper diphtong, as in oil, join, coin.

See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 98-106.

The dot which we place over the small or lower case i dates only from the 14th century. The sounds of I and J were originally represented by the same character, and even after the introduction of the form J into English dictionaries, words containing these letters were, till a comparatively recent time, classed together.

2. In our old authors, I was often used for ay (or aye), yes, which is pronounced nearly like it.

3. As a numeral, I stands for 1, II for 2, etc.

I- (?), prefix. See Y- .

I (ī), pron. [poss. My (mī) or Mine (mīn); object. Me (mē). pl. nom. We (wē); poss. Our (our) or Ours (ourz); object. Us (ŭs).] [OE. i, ich, ic, AS. ic; akin to OS. & D. ik, OHG. ih, G. ich, Icel. ek, Dan. jeg, Sw. jag, Goth. ik, OSlav. az', Russ. ia, W. i, L. ego, Gr. 'egw`, 'egw`n, Skr. aham. √179. Cf. Egoism.] The nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the word with which a speaker or writer denotes himself.

I*am`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, medicine + -logy.] (Med.) Materia Medica; that branch of therapeutics which treats of remedies.

I"amb (?), n. [Cf. F. iambe. See Lambus.] An iambus or iambic. [R.]

I*am"bic (?), a. [L. iambicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. iambique.] 1. (Pros.) Consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented; as, an iambic foot.

2. Pertaining to, or composed of, iambics; as, an iambic verse; iambic meter. See Lambus.

I*am"bic, n. 1. (Pros.) (a) An iambic foot; an iambus. (b) A verse composed of iambic feet.

&fist; The following couplet consists of iambic verses.

Thy gen- | ius calls | thee not | to pur- | chase fame
In keen | iam- | bics, but | mild an- | agram.
Dryden.

2. A satirical poem (such poems having been anciently written in iambic verse); a satire; a lampoon.

I*am"bic*al (?), a. Iambic. [Obs. or R.]

I*am"bic*al*ly, adv. In a iambic manner; after the manner of iambics.

I*am"bize (?), v. t. [Gr. &?;.] To satirize in iambics; to lampoon. [R.]

I*am"bus (?), n.; pl. L. Iambi (#), E. Iambuses (#). [L. iambus, Gr. &?;; prob. akin to &?; to throw, assail (the iambus being first used in satiric poetry), and to L. jacere to throw. Cf. Jet a shooting forth.] (Pros.) A foot consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, as in ămāns, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one, as invent; an iambic. See the Couplet under Iambic, n.

||I*an"thi*na (?), n.; pl. L. Ianthinæ (#), E. Ianthinas (#). [NL., fr. L. ianthinus violet-blue, Gr. &?;; &?; violet + &?; flower.] (Zoöl.) Any gastropod of the genus Ianthina, of which various species are found living in mid ocean; -- called also purple shell, and violet snail. [Written also janthina.]

&fist; It floats at the surface by means of a raft, which it constructs by forming and uniting together air bubbles of hardened mucus. The Tyrian purple of the ancients was obtained in part from mollusks of this genus.

I*a`tra*lip"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; physician + &?; belonging to the &?; or anointer, fr. &?; to anoint: cf. F. iatraliptique.] Treating diseases by anointing and friction; as, the iatraliptic method. [Written also iatroleptic.]

{ I*at"ric (?), I*at"ric*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; healing, fr. &?; physician, fr. &?; to heal.] Of or pertaining to medicine, or to medical men.

I*a`tro*chem"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to iatrochemistry, or to the iatrochemists.

I*a`tro*chem"ist (?), n. [Gr. &?; physician + E. chemist.] A physician who explained or treated diseases upon chemical principles; one who practiced iatrochemistry.

I*a`tro*chem"is*try (?), n. Chemistry applied to, or used in, medicine; -- used especially with reference to the doctrines in the school of physicians in Flanders, in the 17th century, who held that health depends upon the proper chemical relations of the fluids of the body, and who endeavored to explain the conditions of health or disease by chemical principles.

I*a`tro*math`e*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to iatromathematicians or their doctrine.

I*a`tro*math`e*ma*ti"cian (?), n. [Gr. &?; physician + E. mathematician.] (Hist. Med.) One of a school of physicians in Italy, about the middle of the 17th century, who tried to apply the laws of mechanics and mathematics to the human body, and hence were eager student of anatomy; -- opposed to the iatrochemists.

I*be"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Iberia.

I"bex (ī"b&ebreve;ks), n.; pl. E. Ibexes (-&ebreve;z), L. Ibices (īb"&ibreve;*sēz). [L., a kind of goat, the chamois.] (Zoöl.) One of several species of wild goats having very large, recurved horns, transversely ridged in front; -- called also steinbok.

&fist; The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) is the best known. The Spanish, or Pyrenean, ibex (C. Hispanica) has smoother and more spreading horns.

||I*bi"dem (?), adv. [L.] In the same place; -- abbreviated ibid. or ib.

I"bis (?), n. [L. ibis, Gr. &?;; of Egyptian origin.] (Zoöl.) Any bird of the genus Ibis and several allied genera, of the family Ibidæ, inhabiting both the Old World and the New. Numerous species are known. They are large, wading birds, having a long, curved beak, and feed largely on reptiles.

&fist; The sacred ibis of the ancient Egyptians (Ibis Æthiopica) has the head and neck black, without feathers. The plumage of the body and wings is white, except the tertiaries, which are lengthened and form a dark purple plume. In ancient times this bird was extensively domesticated in Egypt, but it is now seldom seen so far north. The glossy ibis (Plegadis autumnalis), which is widely distributed both in the Old World and the New, has the head and neck feathered, except between the eyes and bill; the scarlet ibis (Guara rubra) and the white ibis (G. alba) inhabit the West Indies and South America, and are rarely found in the United States. The wood ibis (Tantalus loculator) of America belongs to the Stork family (Ciconidæ). See Wood ibis.

-i*ble (?). See -able.

-ic (?). [L. -icus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. -ique.] 1. A suffix signifying, in general, relating to, or characteristic of; as, historic, hygienic, telegraphic, etc.

2. (Chem.) A suffix, denoting that the element indicated enters into certain compounds with its highest valence, or with a valence relatively higher than in compounds where the name of the element ends in -ous; as, ferric, sulphuric. It is also used in the general sense of pertaining to; as, hydric, sodic, calcic.

I*ca"ri*an (?), a. [L. Icarius, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, the mythic son of Dædalus, who, when flying from Crete on wings cemented with wax, mounted so high that the sun melted the wax, and he fell into the sea.] Soaring too high for safety, like Icarus; adventurous in flight.

Ice (īs), n. [OE. is, iis, AS. īs; aksin to D. ijs, G. eis, OHG. īs, Icel. īss, Sw. is, Dan. iis, and perh. to E. iron.] 1. Water or other fluid frozen or reduced to the solid state by cold; frozen water. It is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal. Its specific gravity (0.92, that of water at 4° C. being 1.0) being less than that of water, ice floats.

&fist; Water freezes at 32° F. or 0° Cent., and ice melts at the same temperature. Ice owes its cooling properties to the large amount of heat required to melt it.

2. Concreted sugar. Johnson.

3. Water, cream, custard, etc., sweetened, flavored, and artificially frozen.

4. Any substance having the appearance of ice; as, camphor ice.

Anchor ice, ice which sometimes forms about stones and other objects at the bottom of running or other water, and is thus attached or anchored to the ground. -- Bay ice, ice formed in bays, fiords, etc., often in extensive fields which drift out to sea. -- Ground ice, anchor ice. -- Ice age (Geol.), the glacial epoch or period. See under Glacial. -- Ice anchor (Naut.), a grapnel for mooring a vessel to a field of ice. Kane. -- Ice blink [Dan. iisblink], a streak of whiteness of the horizon, caused by the reflection of light from ice not yet in sight. -- Ice boat. (a) A boat fitted with skates or runners, and propelled on ice by sails; an ice yacht. (b) A strong steamboat for breaking a channel through ice. -- Ice box or chest, a box for holding ice; a box in which things are kept cool by means of ice; a refrigerator. -- Ice brook, a brook or stream as cold as ice. [Poetic] Shak. -- Ice cream [for iced cream], cream, milk, or custard, sweetened, flavored, and frozen. -- Ice field, an extensive sheet of ice. -- Ice float, Ice floe, a sheet of floating ice similar to an ice field, but smaller. -- Ice foot, shore ice in Arctic regions; an ice belt. Kane. -- Ice house, a close-covered pit or building for storing ice. -- Ice machine (Physics), a machine for making ice artificially, as by the production of a low temperature through the sudden expansion of a gas or vapor, or the rapid evaporation of a volatile liquid. -- Ice master. See Ice pilot (below). -- Ice pack, an irregular mass of broken and drifting ice. -- Ice paper, a transparent film of gelatin for copying or reproducing; papier glacé. -- Ice petrel (Zoöl.), a shearwater (Puffinus gelidus) of the Antarctic seas, abundant among floating ice. -- Ice pick, a sharp instrument for breaking ice into small pieces. -- Ice pilot, a pilot who has charge of a vessel where the course is obstructed by ice, as in polar seas; -- called also ice master. -- Ice pitcher, a pitcher adapted for ice water. -- Ice plow, a large tool for grooving and cutting ice. -- Ice sludge, bay ice broken small by the wind or waves; sludge. -- Ice spar (Min.), a variety of feldspar, the crystals of which are very clear like ice; rhyacolite. -- Ice tongs, large iron nippers for handling ice. -- Ice water. (a) Water cooled by ice. (b) Water formed by the melting of ice. -- Ice yacht. See Ice boat (above). -- To break the ice. See under Break. -- Water ice, a confection consisting of water sweetened, flavored, and frozen.

Ice (īs), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iced (īst); p. pr. & vb. n. Icing (ī"s&ibreve;ng).] 1. To cover with ice; to convert into ice, or into something resembling ice.

2. To cover with icing, or frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg; to frost, as cakes, tarts, etc.

3. To chill or cool, as with ice; to freeze.

Ice"berg` (?), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. iisbierg, Sw. isberg, properly, a mountain of ice. See Ice, and Berg.] A large mass of ice, generally floating in the ocean.

&fist; Icebergs are large detached portions of glaciers, which in cold regions often project into the sea.

Ice"bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) An Arctic sea bird, as the Arctic fulmar.

Ice"bound` (?), a. Totally surrounded with ice, so as to be incapable of advancing; as, an icebound vessel; also, surrounded by or fringed with ice so as to hinder easy access; as, an icebound coast.

Ice"-built` (?), a. 1. Composed of ice.

2. Loaded with ice. "Ice-built mountains." Gray.

Iced (?), a. 1. Covered with ice; chilled with ice; as, iced water.

2. Covered with something resembling ice, as sugar icing; frosted; as, iced cake.

Iced cream. Same as Ice cream, under Ice.

Ice"fall` (?), n. A frozen waterfall, or mass of ice resembling a frozen waterfall. Coleridge.

Ice"land*er (?), n. A native, or one of the Scandinavian people, of Iceland.

Ice*lan"dic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Iceland; relating to, or resembling, the Icelanders.

Ice*lan"dic (?), n. The language of the Icelanders. It is one of the Scandinavian group, and is more nearly allied to the Old Norse than any other language now spoken.

Ice"land moss` (?). (Bot.) A kind of lichen (Cetraria Icelandica) found from the Arctic regions to the North Temperate zone. It furnishes a nutritious jelly and other forms of food, and is used in pulmonary complaints as a demulcent.

Ice"land spar` (?). (Min.) A transparent variety of calcite, the best of which is obtained in Iceland. It is used for the prisms of the polariscope, because of its strong double refraction. Cf. Calcite.

Ice"man (?), n.; pl. Icemen (&?;). 1. A man who is skilled in traveling upon ice, as among glaciers.

2. One who deals in ice; one who retails or delivers ice.

Ice" plant` (?). (Bot.) A plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), sprinkled with pellucid, watery vesicles, which glisten like ice. It is native along the Mediterranean, in the Canaries, and in South Africa. Its juice is said to be demulcent and diuretic; its ashes are used in Spain in making glass.

Ice-skater = one who skates on ice wearing an ice skate; esp. an athlete who performs athletic or artistic movements on a sheet of ice, wearing ice skates; including speed skater and figure skater -- >

Ice"quake` (īs"kwāk`), n. The crash or concussion attending the breaking up of masses of ice, -- often due to contraction from extreme cold.

Ich (&ibreve;k), pron. I. [Obs.] Chaucer.

&fist; In the Southern dialect of Early English this is the regular form. Cf. Ik.

Ich*neu"mon (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, lit., the tracker; so called because it hunts out the eggs of the crocodile, fr. &?; to track or hunt after, fr. 'i`chnos track, footstep.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any carnivorous mammal of the genus Herpestes, and family Viverridæ. Numerous species are found in Asia and Africa. The Egyptian species (H. ichneumon), which ranges to Spain and Palestine, is noted for destroying the eggs and young of the crocodile as well as various snakes and lizards, and hence was considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians. The common species of India (H. griseus), known as the mongoose, has similar habits and is often domesticated. It is noted for killing the cobra.

2. (Zoöl.) Any hymenopterous insect of the family Ichneumonidæ, of which several thousand species are known, belonging to numerous genera.

&fist; The female deposits her eggs upon, or in, the bodies of other insects, such as caterpillars, plant lice, etc. The larva lives upon the internal tissues of the insect in which it is parasitic, and finally kills it. Hence, many of the species are beneficial to agriculture by destroying noxious insects.

Ichneumon fly. See Ichneumon, 2.

Ich`neu*mon"i*dan (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Ichneumonidæ, or ichneumon flies. -- n. One of the Ichneumonidæ.

||Ich`neu*mon"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichneumon.] (Zoöl.) The ichneumon flies.

Ich"nite (?), n. [Gr. 'i`chnos track, footstep.] A fossil footprint; as, the ichnites in the Triassic sandstone. Page.

{ Ich`no*graph"ic (?), Ich`no*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. ichonographique.] Of or pertaining to ichonography; describing a ground plot.

Ich*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; 'i`chnos track, footstep + &?; to describe: cf. F. ichonographie.] (Drawing) A horizontal section of a building or other object, showing its true dimensions according to a geometric scale; a ground plan; a map; also, the art of making such plans.

Ich"no*lite (?), n. [Gr. 'i`chnos track, footstep + -lite.] A fossil footprint; an ichnite.

Ich`no*li*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. 'i`chnos footstep + -lith + -logy.] Same as Ichnology. Hitchcock.

Ich`no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ichnology.

Ich*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. 'i`chnos a footstep + -logy.] (Geol.) The branch of science which treats of fossil footprints.

Ich*nos"co*py (?), n. [Gr. 'i`chnos footstep + -scopy.] The search for the traces of anything. [R.]

I"chor (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;: cf. F. ichor.] 1. (Class. Myth.) An ethereal fluid that supplied the place of blood in the veins of the gods.

2. A thin, acrid, watery discharge from an ulcer, wound, etc.

||I`chor*hæ"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ichor + &?; blood.] (Med.) Infection of the blood with ichorous or putrid substances.

I"chor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. ichoreux.] Of or like ichor; thin; watery; serous; sanious.

Ich"thi*din (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance from the egg yolk of osseous fishes.

Ich"thin (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqy`s fish.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous substance resembling vitellin, present in the egg yolk of cartilaginous fishes.

Ich"thu*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance from the yolk of salmon's eggs.

Ich"thus (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqy`s.] In early Christian and eccesiastical art, an emblematic fish, or the Greek word for fish, which combined the initials of the Greek words Ihsoy^s, Christo`s, Qeoy^ Gio`s Swth`r, Jesus, Christ, Son of God, Savior.

Ich"thy*ic (?), a. [Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish.] (Zoöl.) Like, or pertaining to, fishes.

{ Ich"thy*o*col (?), Ich`thy*o*col"la (?), } n. [L. ichthyocolla, Gr. &?;; 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; glue: cf. F. ichthyocolle.] Fish glue; isinglass; a glue prepared from the sounds of certain fishes.

Ich`thy*o*cop"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + E. coprolite.] (Geol.) Fossil dung of fishes.

Ich`thy*o*dor"u*lite (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; a spear + - lite.] (Zoöl.) One of the spiny plates found on the back and tail of certain skates.

Ich`thy*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os + graphy: cf. F. ichthyographie.] A treatise on fishes.

{ Ich"thy*oid (?), Ich`thy*oid"al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; form.] (Zoöl.) Somewhat like a fish; having some of the characteristics of fishes; -- said of some amphibians.

Ich`thy*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; to worship.] Worship of fishes, or of fish-shaped idols. Layard.

Ich"thy*o*lite (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil fish, or fragment of a fish.

{ Ich`thy*o*log"ic (?), Ich`thy*o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. ichthyologique.] Of or pertaining to ichthyology.

Ich`thy*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. ichthyologiste.] One versed in, or who studies, ichthyology.

Ich`thy*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + -logy: cf. F. ichthyologie.] The natural history of fishes; that branch of zoölogy which relates to fishes, including their structure, classification, and habits.

Ich"thy*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + -mancy: cf. F. ichthyomancie.] Divination by the heads or the entrails of fishes.

||Ich`thy*o*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; fish-shaped; 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; form.] (Zoöl.) The Urodela.

{ Ich`thy*o*mor"phic (?), Ich`thy*o*mor"phous (?), } a. [See Ichthyomorpha.] Fish- shaped; as, the ichthyomorphic idols of ancient Assyria.

Ich`thy*oph"a*gist (?), n. [See Ichthyophagous.] One who eats, or subsists on, fish.

Ich`thy*oph"a*gous (?), a. [L. ichthyophagus, Gr. &?;; 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; to eat.] Eating, or subsisting on, fish.

Ich`thy*oph"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqyofagi`a: cf. F. ichthyophagie.] The practice of eating, or living upon, fish.

Ich`thy*oph*thal"mite (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; eye.] See Apophyllite. [R.]

||Ich`thy*oph*thi"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; a louse.] (Zoöl.) A division of copepod crustaceans, including numerous species parasitic on fishes.

||Ich`thy*op"si*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; appearance.] (Zoöl.) A grand division of the Vertebrata, including the Amphibia and Fishes.

||Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichthyopterygium.] (Paleon.) See Ichthyosauria.

||Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; a fin.] (Anat.) The typical limb, or lateral fin, of fishes.

||Ich`thy*or"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; bird.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of toothed birds found in the American Cretaceous formation. It is remarkable for having biconcave vertebræ, and sharp, conical teeth set in sockets. Its wings were well developed. It is the type of the order Odontotormæ.

Ich"thy*o*saur (?), n. [Cf. F. ichthyosaure.] (Paleon.) One of the Ichthyosaura.

||Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichthyosaurus.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of marine reptiles, including Ichthyosaurus and allied forms; -- called also Ichthyopterygia. They have not been found later than the Cretaceous period.

Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Ichthyosauria. -- n. One of the Ichthyosauria.

||Ich`thy*o*sau"rus (?), n.; pl. Ichthyosauri (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + say^ros a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of marine reptiles; - - so named from their short, biconcave vertebræ, resembling those of fishes. Several species, varying in length from ten to thirty feet, are known from the Liassic, Oölitic, and Cretaceous formations.

||Ich`thy*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'ichqy`s fish.] (Med.) A disease in which the skin is thick, rough, and scaly; -- called also fishskin. -- Ich`thy*ot"ic (#), a.

Ich`thy*ot"o*mist (?), n. One skilled in ichthyotomy.

Ich`thy*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + &?; to cut.] The anatomy or dissection of fishes. [R.]

||Ich"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'ichqy`s a fish.] Same as Ichthus.

I"ci*cle (?), n. [OE. isikel, AS. īsgicel; īs ice + gicel icicle; akin to Icel. jökull; cf. Gael. eigh ice, Ir. aigh.] A pendent, and usually conical, mass of ice, formed by freezing of dripping water; as, the icicles on the eaves of a house.

I"ci*cled (?), a. Having icicles attached.

I"ci*ly (?), adv. In an icy manner; coldly.

Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly null,
Dead perfection, no more.
Tennyson.

I"ci*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being icy or very cold; frigidity.

I"cing (?), n. A coating or covering resembling ice, as of sugar and milk or white of egg; frosting.

Ic"kle (?), n. [OE. ikil. See Icicle.] An icicle. [Prov. Eng.]

I"con (ī"k&obreve;n), n. [L., fr. Gr. e'ikw`n.] An image or representation; a portrait or pretended portrait.

Netherlands whose names and icons are published.
Hakewill.

I*con"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, images, pictures, or representations of any kind.

I"con*ism (?), n. [L. iconismus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to mold, delineate, fr. e'ikw`n an image: cf. F. iconisme.] The formation of a figure, representation, or semblance; a delineation or description.

Some kind of apish imitations, counterfeit iconisms.
Cudworth.

I"con*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. e'ikoni`zein.] To form an image or likeness of. [R.] Cudworth.

I*con"o*clasm (?), n. [Cf. F. iconoclasme. See Iconoclast.] The doctrine or practice of the iconoclasts; image breaking.

I*con"o*clast (?), n. [Gr. e'ikw`n image + &?; to break: cf. F. iconoclaste.] 1. A breaker or destroyer of images or idols; a determined enemy of idol worship.

2. One who exposes or destroys impositions or shams; one who attacks cherished beliefs; a radical.

I*con`o*clas"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the iconoclasts, or to image breaking. Milman.

{I*con"o*dule (?), I*con"o*du`list (?), } n. [Gr. e'ikw`n an image + &?; a slave.] (Eccl. Hist.) One who serves images; -- opposed to an iconoclast. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

I`co*nog"ra*pher (?), n. A maker of images. Fairholt.

I*con`o*graph"ic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to iconography.

2. Representing by means of pictures or diagrams; as, an icongraphic encyclopædia.

I`co*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a sketch or description; e'ikw`n an image + &?; to describe: cf. F. iconographie.] 1. The art or representation by pictures or images; the description or study of portraiture or representation, as of persons; as, the iconography of the ancients.

2. The study of representative art in general.

Christian iconography, the study of the representations in art of the Deity, the persons of the Trinity, angels, saints, virtues, vices, etc.

I`co*nol"a*ter (?), n. [Gr. e'ikw`n an image + &?; to worship: cf. F. iconolâtre.] One who worships images.

I`co*nol"a*try (?), n. [See Iconolater.] The worship of images as symbols; -- distinguished from idolatry, the worship of images themselves.

I`co*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; e'ikw`n an image + &?; discourse: cf. F. iconologie.] The discussion or description of portraiture or of representative images. Cf. Iconography.

I`co*nom"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a war against images; e'ikw`n an image + &?; fight.] Hostility to images as objects of worship. [R.]

I`co*nom"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;; e'ikw`n image + &?; fight.] Opposed to pictures or images as objects of worship. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

I`co*noph"i*list (?), n. [Gr. e'ikw`n an image + &?; to love.] A student, or lover of the study, of iconography.

I`co*sa*he"dral (?), a. [See Icosahedron.] (Geom.) Having twenty equal sides or faces.

I`co*sa*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; twenty + &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit.] (Geom.) A solid bounded by twenty sides or faces.

Regular icosahedron, one of the five regular polyhedrons, bounded by twenty equilateral triangules. Five triangles meet to form each solid angle of the polyhedron.

||I`co*san"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; twenty +&?;, &?;, man, male: cf. F. icosandrie.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants, having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.

{ I`co*san"dri*an (?), I`co*san"drous (?), } a. (Bot.) Pertaining to the class Icosandria; having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.

I`co*si*tet`ra*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. &?; twenty + &?;, combining form of &?; four + &?; seat, base.] (Crystallog.) A twenty-four-sided solid; a tetragonal trisoctahedron or trapezohedron.

-ics (?). A suffix used in forming the names of certain sciences, systems, etc., as acoustics, mathematics, dynamics, statistics, politics, athletics.

&fist; The names sciences ending in ics, as mathematics, mechanics, metaphysics, optics, etc., are, with respect to their form, nouns in the plural number. The plural form was probably introduced to mark the complex nature of such sciences; and it may have been in imitation of the use of the Greek plurals &?;, &?;, &?;, &?;, etc., to designate parts of Aristotle's writings. Previously to the present century, nouns ending in ics were construed with a verb or a pronoun in the plural; but it is now generally considered preferable to treat them as singular. In Greman we have die Mathematik, die Mechanik, etc., and in French la metaphysique, la optique, etc., corresponding to our mathematics, mechanics, metaphysics, optics, etc.

Mathematics have for their object the consideration of whatever is capable of being numbered or measured.
John Davidson.

The citations subjoined will serve as examples of the best present usage.

Ethics is the sciences of the laws which govern our actions as moral agents.
Sir W. Hamilton.

All parts of knowledge have their origin in metaphysics, and finally, perhaps, revolve into it.
De Quincey.

Mechanics, like pure mathematics, may be geometrical, or may be analytical; that is, it may treat space either by a direct consideration of its properties, or by a symbolical representation.
Whewell.

Ic*ter"ic (?), n. A remedy for the jaundice.

{ Ic*ter"ic (?), Ic*ter"ic*al (?), } a. [L. ictericus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; jaundice: cf. F. ictérique.] 1. Pertaining to, or affected with, jaundice.

2. Good against the jaundice. Johnson.

{ Ic`ter*i"tious (?), Ic*ter"i*tous (?), } a. Yellow; of the color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice.

Ic"ter*oid (?), a. [Gr. &?; jaundice + -oid.] Of a tint resembling that produced by jaundice; yellow; as, an icteroid tint or complexion.

||Ic"te*rus (?), n. [NL. See Icteric, a.] (Med.) The jaundice.

Ic"tic (?), a. [L. ictus blow.] Pertaining to, or caused by, a blow; sudden; abrupt. [R.] H. Bushnell.

||Ic"tus (?), n. [L., fr. icere, ictum, to strike.] 1. (Pros.) The stress of voice laid upon accented syllable of a word. Cf. Arsis.

2. (Med.) A stroke or blow, as in a sunstroke, the sting of an insect, pulsation of an artery, etc.

I"cy (?), a. [Compar. Icier (?); superl. Iciest.] [AS. īsig. See Ice.] 1. Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in, ice; cold; frosty. "Icy chains." Shak. "Icy region." Boyle. "Icy seas." Pope.

2. Characterized by coldness, as of manner, influence, etc.; chilling; frigid; cold.

Icy was the deportment with which Philip received these demonstrations of affection.
Motley.

I"cy-pearl`ed (?), a. Spangled with ice.

Mounting up in icy-pearled car.
Milton.

I'd (?). A contraction from I would or I had.

Id (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Leuciscus idus or Idus idus) of Europe. A domesticated variety, colored like the goldfish, is called orfe in Germany.

I*da"li*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Idalium, a mountain city in Cyprus, or to Venus, to whom it was sacred. "Idalian Aphrodité." Tennyson.

Ide (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Id.

-ide (?). (Chem.) A suffix used to denote: (a) The nonmetallic, or negative, element or radical in a binary compound; as, oxide, sulphide, chloride. (b) A compound which is an anhydride; as, glycolide, phthalide. (c) Any one of a series of derivatives; as, indogenide, glucoside, etc.

I*de"a (?), n.; pl. Ideas (#). [L. idea, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to see; akin to E. wit: cf. F. idée. See Wit.] 1. The transcript, image, or picture of a visible object, that is formed by the mind; also, a similar image of any object whatever, whether sensible or spiritual.

Her sweet idea wandered through his thoughts.
Fairfax.

Being the right idea of your father
Both in your form and nobleness of mind.
Shak.

This representation or likeness of the object being transmitted from thence [the senses] to the imagination, and lodged there for the view and observation of the pure intellect, is aptly and properly called its idea.
P. Browne.

2. A general notion, or a conception formed by generalization.

Alice had not the slightest idea what latitude was.
L. Caroll.

3. Hence: Any object apprehended, conceived, or thought of, by the mind; a notion, conception, or thought; the real object that is conceived or thought of.

Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or as the immediate object of perception, thought, or undersanding, that I call idea.
Locke.

4. A belief, option, or doctrine; a characteristic or controlling principle; as, an essential idea; the idea of development.

That fellow seems to me to possess but one idea, and that is a wrong one.
Johnson.

What is now "idea" for us? How infinite the fall of this word, since the time where Milton sang of the Creator contemplating his newly-created world, -
"how it showed . . .
Answering his great idea," -
to its present use, when this person "has an idea that the train has started," and the other "had no idea that the dinner would be so bad!"
Trench.

5. A plan or purpose of action; intention; design.

I shortly afterwards set off for that capital, with an idea of undertaking while there the translation of the work.
W. Irving.

6. A rational conception; the complete conception of an object when thought of in all its essential elements or constituents; the necessary metaphysical or constituent attributes and relations, when conceived in the abstract.

7. A fiction object or picture created by the imagination; the same when proposed as a pattern to be copied, or a standard to be reached; one of the archetypes or patterns of created things, conceived by the Platonists to have excited objectively from eternity in the mind of the Deity.

Thence to behold this new-created world,
The addition of his empire, how it showed
In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair,
Answering his great idea.
Milton.

&fist; "In England, Locke may be said to have been the first who naturalized the term in its Cartesian universality. When, in common language, employed by Milton and Dryden, after Descartes, as before him by Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, Hooker, etc., the meaning is Platonic." Sir W. Hamilton.

Abstract idea, Association of ideas, etc. See under Abstract, Association, etc.

Syn. -- Notion; conception; thought; sentiment; fancy; image; perception; impression; opinion; belief; observation; judgment; consideration; view; design; intention; purpose; plan; model; pattern. There is scarcely any other word which is subjected to such abusive treatment as is the word idea, in the very general and indiscriminative way in which it is employed, as it is used variously to signify almost any act, state, or content of thought.

I*de"al (?), a. [L. idealis: cf. F. idéal.] 1. Existing in idea or thought; conceptional; intellectual; mental; as, ideal knowledge.

2. Reaching an imaginary standard of excellence; fit for a model; faultless; as, ideal beauty. Byron.

There will always be a wide interval between practical and ideal excellence.
Rambler.

3. Existing in fancy or imagination only; visionary; unreal. "Planning ideal common wealth." Southey.

4. Teaching the doctrine of idealism; as, the ideal theory or philosophy.

5. (Math.) Imaginary.

Syn. -- Intellectual; mental; visionary; fanciful; imaginary; unreal; impracticable; utopian.

I*de"al (?), n. A mental conception regarded as a standard of perfection; a model of excellence, beauty, etc.

The ideal is to be attained by selecting and assembling in one whole the beauties and perfections which are usually seen in different individuals, excluding everything defective or unseemly, so as to form a type or model of the species. Thus, the Apollo Belvedere is the ideal of the beauty and proportion of the human frame.
Fleming.

Beau ideal. See Beau ideal.

I*de"a*less (?), a. Destitute of an idea.

I*de"al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. idéalisme.] 1. The quality or state of being ideal.

2. Conception of the ideal; imagery.

3. (Philos.) The system or theory that denies the existence of material bodies, and teaches that we have no rational grounds to believe in the reality of anything but ideas and their relations.

I*de"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. idéaliste.] 1. One who idealizes; one who forms picturesque fancies; one given to romantic expectations.

2. One who holds the doctrine of idealism.

I*de`al*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to idealists or their theories.

I`de*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Idealities (&?;). 1. The quality or state of being ideal.

2. The capacity to form ideals of beauty or perfection.

3. (Phren.) The conceptive faculty.

I*de`al*i*za"tion (?), n. 1. The act or process of idealizing.

2. (Fine Arts) The representation of natural objects, scenes, etc., in such a way as to show their most important characteristics; the study of the ideal.

I*de"al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idealized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idealizing (?).] 1. To make ideal; to give an ideal form or value to; to attribute ideal characteristics and excellences to; as, to idealize real life.

2. (Fine Arts) To treat in an ideal manner. See Idealization, 2.

I*de"al*ize, v. i. [Cf. F. idéaliser.] To form ideals.

I*de"al*i`zer (?), n. An idealist.

I*de"al*ly, adv. In an ideal manner; by means of ideals; mentally.

I*de`a*log"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an idealogue, or to idealization.

I*de"a*logue (?), n. [Idea + -logue, as in theologue: cf. F. idéologue.] One given to fanciful ideas or theories; a theorist; a spectator. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

{ I*de"at (?), I*de"ate (?), } n. [LL. ideatum. See Idea.] (Metaph.) The actual existence supposed to correspond with an idea; the correlate in real existence to the idea as a thought or existence.

I*de"ate (?), v. t. 1. To form in idea; to fancy. [R.]

The ideated man . . . as he stood in the intellect of God.
Sir T. Browne.

2. To apprehend in thought so as to fix and hold in the mind; to memorize. [R.]

I`de*a"tion (?), n. The faculty or capacity of the mind for forming ideas; the exercise of this capacity; the act of the mind by which objects of sense are apprehended and retained as objects of thought.

The whole mass of residua which have been accumulated . . . all enter now into the process of ideation.
J. D. Morell.

I`de*a"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, ideation.

Certain sensational or ideational stimuli.
Blackw. Mag.

I"dem (?), pron. or adj. [L.] The same; the same as above; -- often abbreviated id.

I*den"tic (?), a. Identical. [Obs.] Hudibras.

I*den"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. identique. See Identity.] 1. The same; the selfsame; the very same; not different; as, the identical person or thing.

I can not remember a thing that happened a year ago, without a conviction . . . that I, the same identical person who now remember that event, did then exist.
Reid.

2. Uttering sameness or the same truth; expressing in the predicate what is given, or obviously implied, in the subject; tautological.

When you say body is solid, I say that you make an identical proposition, because it is impossible to have the idea of body without that of solidity.
Fleming.

Identical equation (Alg.), an equation which is true for all values of the algebraic symbols which enter into it.

I*den"tic*al*ly, adv. In an identical manner; with respect to identity. "Identically the same." Bp. Warburton. "Identically different." Ross.

I*den"tic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being identical; sameness.

I*den"ti*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being identified.

I*den`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. identification.] The act of identifying, or proving to be the same; also, the state of being identified.

I*den"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Identified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Identifying (?).] [Cf. F. identifier. See Identity, and -fy.] 1. To make to be the same; to unite or combine in such a manner as to make one; to treat as being one or having the same purpose or effect; to consider as the same in any relation.

Every precaution is taken to identify the interests of the people and of the rulers.
D. Ramsay.

Let us identify, let us incorporate ourselves with the people.
Burke.

2. To establish the identity of; to prove to be the same with something described, claimed, or asserted; as, to identify stolen property.

I*den"ti*fy (?), v. i. To become the same; to coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, etc. [Obs. or R.]

An enlightened self-interest, which, when well understood, they tell us will identify with an interest more enlarged and public.
Burke.

I*den"tism (?), n. [See Identity.] (Metaph.) The doctrine taught by Schelling, that matter and mind, and subject and object, are identical in the Absolute; -- called also the system or doctrine of identity.

I*den"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Identities (#). [F. identité, LL. identitas, fr. L. idem the same, from the root of is he, that; cf. Skr. idam this. Cf. Item.] 1. The state or quality of being identical, or the same; sameness.

Identity is a relation between our cognitions of a thing, not between things themselves.
Sir W. Hamilton.

2. The condition of being the same with something described or asserted, or of possessing a character claimed; as, to establish the identity of stolen goods.

3. (Math.) An identical equation.

I"de*o- (?). A combining form from the Gr. &?;, an idea.

I`de*o*gen"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to ideology.

I`de*og"e*ny (?), n. [Ideo- + -geny, from the same root as Gr. &?;, birth: cf. F. idéogénie.] The science which treats of the origin of ideas.

I*de"o*gram (?), n. [Ideo- + -gram; cf. F. idéograme.] 1. An original, pictorial element of writing; a kind of hieroglyph expressing no sound, but only an idea.

Ideograms may be defined to be pictures intended to represent either things or thoughts.
I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

You might even have a history without language written or spoken, by means of ideograms and gesture.
J. Peile.

2. A symbol used for convenience, or for abbreviation; as, 1, 2, 3, +, -, &?;, $, &?;, etc.

3. A phonetic symbol; a letter.

I*de"o*graph (?), n. Same as Ideogram.

{ I`de*o*graph"ic (?), I`de*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. idéographique.] Of or pertaining to an ideogram; representing ideas by symbols, independently of sounds; as, 9 represents not the word "nine," but the idea of the number itself. -- I`de*o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

I`de*o*graph"ics (?), n. The system of writing in ideographic characters; also, anything so written.

I`de*og"ra*phy (?), n. The representation of ideas independently of sounds, or in an ideographic manner, as sometimes is done in shorthand writing, etc.

I`de*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. idéologique.] Of or pertaining to ideology.

I`de*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who treats of ideas; one who theorizes or idealizes; one versed in the science of ideas, or who advocates the doctrines of ideology.

I`de*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Ideo- + -logy: cf. F. idéologie.] 1. The science of ideas. Stewart.

2. (Metaph.) A theory of the origin of ideas which derives them exclusively from sensation.

&fist; By a double blunder in philosophy and Greek, idéologie . . . has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from sensation. Sir W. Hamilton.

I`de*o-mo"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) An ideo-motor movement.

I`de*o-mo"tor (?), a. [Ideo- + motor.] (Physiol.) Applied to those actions, or muscular movements, which are automatic expressions of dominant ideas, rather than the result of distinct volitional efforts, as the act of expressing the thoughts in speech, or in writing, while the mind is occupied in the composition of the sentence. Carpenter.

Ides (īdz), n. pl. [L. idus: cf. F. ides.] (Anc. Rom. Calendar) The fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth day of the other months.

The ides of March remember.
Shak.

&fist; Eight days in each month often pass by this name, but only one strictly receives it, the others being called respectively the day before the ides, and so on, backward, to the eighth from the ides.

Id"i*o- (&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*&osl;-). A combining form from the Greek 'i`dios, meaning private, personal, peculiar, distinct.

Id"i*o*blast (&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*&osl;*blăst), n. [Ideo- + -blast.] (Bot.) An individual cell, differing greatly from its neighbours in regard to size, structure, or contents.

||Id`i*o*cra"sis (?), n. [NL.] Idiocracy.

Id`i*oc"ra*sy (?), n.; pl. Idiocrasies (#). [Idio- + Gr. kra^sis a mixture, fr. &?; to mix: cf. F. idiocrasie.] Peculiarity of constitution; that temperament, or state of constitution, which is peculiar to a person; idiosyncrasy.

{ Id`i*o*crat"ic (?), Id`i*o*crat"ic*al (?), } a. Peculiar in constitution or temperament; idiosyncratic.

Id"i*o*cy (&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*&osl;*s&ybreve;), n. [From idiot; cf. Gr. &?; uncouthness, want of education, fr. &?;. See Idiot, and cf. Idiotcy.] The condition or quality of being an idiot; absence, or marked deficiency, of sense and intelligence.

I will undertake to convict a man of idiocy, if he can not see the proof that three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles.
F. W. Robertson.

Id`i*o*cy*cloph"a*nous (?), a. [Idio- + Gr. &?; circle + &?; to appear.] (Crystallog.) Same as Idiophanous.

Id`i*o*e*lec"tric (?), a. [Idio- + electric: cf. F. idioélectrique.] (Physics) Electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties; capable of becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to anelectric. -- n. An idioelectric substance.

Id"i*o*graph (&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*&osl;*gr&adot;f), n. [Gr. &?; autographic; 'i`dios one's own + gra`fein to write.] A mark or signature peculiar to an individual; a trade-mark.

{ Id`i*o*graph"ic (&ibreve;d`&ibreve;*&osl;*grăf"&ibreve;k), Id`i*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to an idiograph.

Id`i*ol"a*try (?), n. [Idio- + Gr. &?; to worship.] Self-worship; excessive self- esteem.

Id"i*om (&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*ŭm), n. [F. idiome, L. idioma, fr. Gr. 'idi`wma, fr. 'idioy^n to make a person's own, to make proper or peculiar; fr. 'i`dios one's own, proper, peculiar; prob. akin to the reflexive pronoun o"y^, o'i^, 'e`, and to "eo`s, 'o`s, one's own, L. suus, and to E. so.] 1. The syntactical or structural form peculiar to any language; the genius or cast of a language.

Idiom may be employed loosely and figuratively as a synonym of language or dialect, but in its proper sense it signifies the totality of the general rules of construction which characterize the syntax of a particular language and distinguish it from other tongues.
G. P. Marsh.

By idiom is meant the use of words which is peculiar to a particular language.
J. H. Newman.

He followed their language [the Latin], but did not comply with the idiom of ours.
Dryden.

2. An expression conforming or appropriate to the peculiar structural form of a language; in extend use, an expression sanctioned by usage, having a sense peculiar to itself and not agreeing with the logical sense of its structural form; also, the phrase forms peculiar to a particular author.

Some that with care true eloquence shall teach,
And to just idioms fix our doubtful speech.
Prior.

Sometimes we identify the words with the object -- though by courtesy of idiom rather than in strict propriety of language.
Coleridge.

Every good writer has much idiom.
Landor.

It is not by means of rules that such idioms as the following are made current: "I can make nothing of it." "He treats his subject home." Dryden. "It is that within us that makes for righteousness." M. Arnold.
Gostwick (Eng. Gram.)

3. Dialect; a variant form of a language.

Syn. -- Dialect. -- Idiom, Dialect. The idioms of a language belong to its very structure; its dialects are varieties of expression ingrafted upon it in different localities or by different professions. Each county of England has some peculiarities of dialect, and so have most of the professions, while the great idioms of the language are everywhere the same. See Language.

{ Id`i*o*mat"ic (?), Id`i*o*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. 'idiwmatiko`s.] Of or pertaining to, or conforming to, the mode of expression peculiar to a language; as, an idiomatic meaning; an idiomatic phrase. -- Id`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Id`i*o*morph"ic (?), a. Idiomorphous.

Id`i*o*morph"ous (?), a. [Gr. 'idio`morfos of peculiar form; 'i`dios peculiar + &?; form.] 1. Having a form of its own.

2. (Crystallog.) Apperaing in distinct crystals; -- said of the mineral constituents of a rock.

Id`i*o*mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Idio- + muscular.] (Physiol.) Applied to a semipermanent contraction of a muscle, produced by a mechanical irritant.

Id`i*o*pa*thet"ic (?), a. Idiopathic. [R.]

{ Id`i*o*path"ic (?), Id`i*o*path"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. idiopathique.] (Med.) Pertaining to idiopathy; characterizing a disease arising primarily, and not in consequence of some other disease or injury; -- opposed to symptomatic, sympathetic, and traumatic. -- Id`i*o*path"ic*al*ly, adv.

Id`i*op"a*thy (?), n.; pl. Idiopathies (#). [Gr. &?;; 'i`dios proper, peculiar + &?;, &?;, to suffer: cf. F. idiopathie.] 1. A peculiar, or individual, characteristic or affection.

All men are so full of their own fancies and idiopathies, that they scarce have the civility to interchange any words with a stranger.
Dr. H. More.

2. (Med.) A morbid state or condition not preceded or occasioned by any other disease; a primary disease.

Id`i*oph"a*nous (?), a. [Idio- + &?; to appear.] (Crystallog.) Exhibiting interference figures without the aid of a polariscope, as certain crystals.

Id"i*o*plasm (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Idioplasma.

||Id`i*o*plas"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'i`dios proper, peculiar + &?; a form, mold.] (Biol.) That portion of the cell protoplasm which is the seat of all active changes, and which carries on the function of hereditary transmission; -- distinguished from the other portion, which is termed nutritive plasma. See Hygroplasm.

Id`i*o*re*pul"sive (?), a. [Idio- + repulsive.] Repulsive by itself; as, the idiorepulsive power of heat.

Id`i*o*syn"cra*sy (?), n.; pl. Idiosyncrasies (#). [Gr. &?;; 'i`dios proper, peculiar + &?; a mixing together, fr. &?; to mix together; &?; with + &?; to mix: cf. F. idiosyncrasie. See Idiom, and Crasis.] A peculiarity of physical or mental constitution or temperament; a characteristic belonging to, and distinguishing, an individual; characteristic susceptibility; idiocrasy; eccentricity.

The individual mind . . . takes its tone from the idiosyncrasies of the body.
I. Taylor.

{ Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic (?), Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic*al (?), } a. Of peculiar temper or disposition; belonging to one's peculiar and individual character.

Id"i*ot (&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*&obreve;t), n. [F. idiot, L. idiota an uneducated, ignorant, ill-informed person, Gr. 'idiw`ths, also and orig., a private person, not holding public office, fr. 'i`dios proper, peculiar. See Idiom.] 1. A man in private station, as distinguished from one holding a public office. [Obs.]

St. Austin affirmed that the plain places of Scripture are sufficient to all laics, and all idiots or private persons.
Jer. Taylor.

2. An unlearned, ignorant, or simple person, as distinguished from the educated; an ignoramus. [Obs.]

Christ was received of idiots, of the vulgar people, and of the simpler sort, while he was rejected, despised, and persecuted even to death by the high priests, lawyers, scribes, doctors, and rabbis.
C. Blount.

3. A human being destitute of the ordinary intellectual powers, whether congenital, developmental, or accidental; commonly, a person without understanding from birth; a natural fool; a natural; an innocent.

Life . . . is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.
Shak.

4. A fool; a simpleton; -- a term of reproach.

Weenest thou make an idiot of our dame?
Chaucer.

Id"i*ot*cy (?), n. [Cf. Idiocy.] Idiocy. [R.]

Id"i*ot*ed (?), a. Rendered idiotic; befooled. [R.] Tennyson.

Id`i*o*ther"mic (?), a. [Idio- + thermic.] Self-heating; warmed, as the body of animal, by process going on within itself.

{ Id`i*ot"ic (?), Id`i*ot"ic*al (?), } a. [L. idioticus ignorant, Gr. &?;: cf. F. idiotique. See Idiot.] 1. Common; simple. [Obs.] Blackwall.

2. Pertaining to, or like, an idiot; characterized by idiocy; foolish; fatuous; as, an idiotic person, speech, laugh, or action.

Id`i*ot"ic*al*ly, adv. In an idiotic manner.

Id`i*ot"i*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; belonging to a private man, private. See Idiot.] A dictionary of a peculiar dialect, or of the words and phrases peculiar to one part of a country; a glossary.

Id"i*ot*ish (?), a. Like an idiot; foolish.

Id"i*ot*ism (?), n. [F. idiotisme, L. idiotismus the way of fashion of a private person, the common or vulgar manner of speaking, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to put into or use common language, fr. &?;. See Idiot.] 1. An idiom; a form, mode of expression, or signification, peculiar to a language.

Scholars sometimes give terminations and idiotisms, suitable to their native language, unto words newly invented.
M. Hale.

2. Lack of knowledge or mental capacity; idiocy; foolishness.

Worse than mere ignorance or idiotism.
Shaftesbury.

The running that adventure is the greatist idiotism.
Hammond.

Id"i*ot*ize (?), v. i. To become stupid. [R.]

Id"i*ot*ry (?), n. Idiocy. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

I"dle (?), a. [Compar. Idler (?); superl. Idlest.] [OE. idel, AS. īdel vain, empty, useless; akin to OS. īdal, D. ijdel, OHG. ītal vain, empty, mere, G. eitel, Dan. & Sw. idel mere, pure, and prob. to Gr. &?; clear, pure, &?; to burn. Cf. Ether.] 1. Of no account; useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless; silly; barren. "Deserts idle." Shak.

Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment.
Matt. xii. 36.

Down their idle weapons dropped.
Milton.

This idle story became important.
Macaulay.

2. Not called into active service; not turned to appropriate use; unemployed; as, idle hours.

The idle spear and shield were high uphing.
Milton.

3. Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing; as, idle workmen.

Why stand ye here all the day idle?
Matt. xx. 6.

4. Given rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy; slothful; as, an idle fellow.

5. Light-headed; foolish. [Obs.] Ford.

Idle pulley (Mach.), a pulley that rests upon a belt to tighten it; a pulley that only guides a belt and is not used to transmit power. -- Idle wheel (Mach.), a gear wheel placed between two others, to transfer motion from one to the other without changing the direction of revolution. -- In idle, in vain. [Obs.] "God saith, thou shalt not take the name of thy Lord God in idle." Chaucer.

Syn. -- Unoccupied; unemployed; vacant; inactive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; useless; ineffectual; futile; frivolous; vain; trifling; unprofitable; unimportant. -- Idle, Indolent, Lazy. A propensity to inaction is expressed by each of these words; they differ in the cause and degree of this characteristic. Indolent denotes an habitual love to ease, a settled dislike of movement or effort; idle is opposed to busy, and denotes a dislike of continuous exertion. Lazy is a stronger and more contemptuous term than indolent.

I"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idling (?).] To lose or spend time in inaction, or without being employed in business. Shak.

I"dle, v. t. To spend in idleness; to waste; to consume; -- often followed by away; as, to idle away an hour a day.

I"dle-head`ed (?), a. 1. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] "The superstitious idle-headed eld." Shak.

2. Delirious; infatuated. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

I"dle*ness, n. [AS. īdelnes.] The condition or quality of being idle (in the various senses of that word); uselessness; fruitlessness; triviality; inactivity; laziness.

Syn. -- Inaction; indolence; sluggishness; sloth.

I"dle-pat`ed (?), a. Idle-headed; stupid. [Obs.]

I"dler (?), n. 1. One who idles; one who spends his time in inaction; a lazy person; a sluggard.

2. (Naut.) One who has constant day duties on board ship, and keeps no regular watch. Totten.

3. (Mach.) An idle wheel or pulley. See under Idle.

{ I"dless, I"dlesse } (?), n. Idleness. [Archaic] "In ydlesse." Spenser.

And an idlesse all the day
Beside a wandering stream.
Mrs. Browning.

I"dly (?), adv. In a idle manner; ineffectually; vainly; lazily; carelessly; (Obs.) foolishly.

Id"o*crase (&ibreve;d"&osl;*krās; 277), n. [Gr. e'i^dos form + kra^sis mixture, fr. keranny`nai to mix; cf. F. idocrase.] (Min.) Same as Vesuvianite.

I"dol (?), n. [OE. idole, F. idole, L. idolum, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; that which is seen, the form, shape, figure, fr. &?; to see. See Wit, and cf. Eidolon.] 1. An image or representation of anything. [Obs.]

Do her adore with sacred reverence,
As th' idol of her maker's great magnificence.
Spenser.

2. An image of a divinity; a representation or symbol of a deity or any other being or thing, made or used as an object of worship; a similitude of a false god.

That they should not worship devils, and idols of gold.
Rev. ix. 20.

3. That on which the affections are strongly (often excessively) set; an object of passionate devotion; a person or thing greatly loved or adored.

The soldier's god and people's idol.
Denham.

4. A false notion or conception; a fallacy. Bacon.

The idols of preconceived opinion.
Coleridge.

I`do*las"tre (?), n. [OE., for idolatre.] An idolater. [Obs.] Chaucer.

I*dol"a*ter (?), n. [F. idolâtre: cf. L. idololatres, Gr. &?;. See Idolatry.] 1. A worshiper of idols; one who pays divine honors to images, statues, or representations of anything made by hands; one who worships as a deity that which is not God; a pagan.

2. An adorer; a great admirer.

Jonson was an idolater of the ancients.
Bp. Hurd.

I*dol"a*tress (?), n. A female worshiper of idols.

I`do*lat"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. idolâtrique.] Idolatrous. [Obs.]

I*dol"a*trize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idolatrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idolatrizing (?).] To worship idols; to pay idolatrous worship.

I*dol"a*trize, v. t. To make in idol of; to idolize.

I*dol"a*trous (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to idolatry; partaking of the nature of idolatry; given to idolatry or the worship of false gods; as, idolatrous sacrifices.

[Josiah] put down the idolatrous priests.
2 Kings xxiii. 5.

2. Consisting in, or partaking of, an excessive attachment or reverence; as, an idolatrous veneration for antiquity.

I*dol"a*trous*ly, adv. In a idolatrous manner.

I*dol"a*try (?), n.; pl. Idolatries (#). [F. idolâtrie, LL. idolatria, L. idololatria, Fr. Gr. &?;; &?; idol + &?; service.] 1. The worship of idols, images, or anything which is not God; the worship of false gods.

His eye surveyed the dark idolatries
Of alienated Judah.
Milton.

2. Excessive attachment or veneration for anything; respect or love which borders on adoration. Shak.

I"dol*ish (?), a. Idolatrous. [Obs.] Milton.

I"dol*ism (?), n. The worship of idols. [Obs.]

I"dol*ist, n. A worshiper of idols. [Obs.] Milton.

I"dol*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idolized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idolizing (?).] 1. To make an idol of; to pay idolatrous worship to; as, to idolize the sacred bull in Egypt.

2. To love to excess; to love or reverence to adoration; as, to idolize gold, children, a hero.

I"dol*ize, v. i. To practice idolatry. [R.]

To idolize after the manner of Egypt.
Fairbairn.

I"dol*i`zer (?), n. One who idolizes or loves to the point of reverence; an idolater.

I*dol"o*clast (?), n. [Gr. &?; idol + &?; to break.] A breaker of idols; an iconoclast.

I*dol`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Idol + -graph.] Descriptive of idols. [R.] Southey.

I"dol*ous (?), a. Idolatrous. [Obs.] Bale.

I*do"ne*ous (?), a. [L. idoneus.] Appropriate; suitable; proper; fit; adequate. [R.]

An ecclesiastical benefice . . . ought to be conferred on an idoneous person.
Ayliffe.

Id*or"gan (?), n. [Gr. &?; form + E. organ.] (Biol.) A morphological unit, consisting of two or more plastids, which does not possess the positive character of the person or stock, in distinction from the physiological organ or biorgan. See Morphon.

{ Id"ri*a*line (?), Id"ri*a*lite (?), } n. [Cf. F. idrialine.] (Min.) A bituminous substance obtained from the mercury mines of Idria, where it occurs mixed with cinnabar.

Id`u*me"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Idumea, or Edom, in Western Asia. -- n. An inhabitant of Idumea, an Edomite.

I"dyl (?), n. [L. idyllium, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; form; literally, a little form of image: cf. F. idylle. See Idol.] A short poem; properly, a short pastoral poem; as, the idyls of Theocritus; also, any poem, especially a narrative or descriptive poem, written in an eleveted and highly finished style; also, by extension, any artless and easily flowing description, either in poetry or prose, of simple, rustic life, of pastoral scenes, and the like. [Written also idyll.]

Wordsworth's solemn-thoughted idyl.
Mrs. Browning.

His [Goldsmith's] lovely idyl of the Vicar's home.
F. Harrison.

I*dyl"lic (?), a. Of or belonging to idyls.

I. e. Abbreviation of Latin id est, that is.

If (?), conj. [OE. if, gif, AS. gif; akin to OFries. ief, gef, ef, OS. ef, of, D. of, or, whether, if, G. ob whether, if, OHG. oba, ibu, Icel. ef, Goth. iba, ibai, an interrogative particle; properly a case form of a noun meaning, doubt (cf. OHG. iba doubt, condition, Icel. if, ef, ifi, efi), and therefore orig. meaning, on condition that.] 1. In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; -- introducing a condition or supposition.

Tisiphone, that oft hast heard my prayer,
Assist, if Œdipus deserve thy care.
Pope.

If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread.
Matt. iv. 3.

2. Whether; -- in dependent questions.

Uncertain if by augury or chance.
Dryden.

She doubts if two and two make four.
Prior.

As if, But if. See under As, But.

I' faith" (?). In faith; indeed; truly. Shak.

I*fere" (?), a. [Corrupted fr. in fere.] Together. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ig`a*su"ric (?), a. [See Igasurine.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, nux vomica or St. Ignatius's bean; as, igasuric acid.

Ig`a*su"rine (?), n. [Malay igasura the nux vomica.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in nux vomica, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

Ig"loo (?), n. 1. An Eskimo snow house.

2. (Zoöl.) A cavity, or excavation, made in the snow by a seal, over its breathing hole in the ice.

Ig*na"tius bean` (?). (Bot.) See Saint Ignatius's bean, under Saint.

Ig"ne*ous (?), a. [L. igneus, fr. ignis fire; allied to Skr. agni, Lith. ugnis, OSlav. ogne.] 1. Pertaining to, having the nature of, fire; containing fire; resembling fire; as, an igneous appearance.

2. (Geol.) Resulting from, or produced by, the action of fire; as, lavas and basalt are igneous rocks.

Ig*nes"cent (?), a. [L. ignescens, p. pr. of ignescere to become inflamed, fr. ignis fire: cf. F. ignescent.] Emitting sparks of fire when struck with steel; scintillating; as, ignescent stones.

Ig*nic"o*list (?), n. [L. ignis fire + colere to worship.] A worshiper of fire. [R.]

Ig*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. ignifer; ignis fire + ferre to bear.] Producing fire. [R.] Blount.

Ig*nif"lu*ous (?), a. [L. ignifluus; ignis fire + fluere to flow.] Flowing with fire. [Obs.] Cockerman.

Ig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ignifying (?).] [L. ignis fire + -fy.] To form into fire. [R.] Stukeley.

Ig*nig"e*nous (?), a. [L. ignigenus; ignis fire + genere, ginere, to beget, produce.] Produced by the action of fire, as lava. [R.]

Ig*nip"o*tence (?), n. Power over fire. [R.]

Ig*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. ignipotens; ignis fire + potens powerful.] Presiding over fire; also, fiery.

Vulcan is called the powerful ignipotent.
Pope.

||Ig"nis fat"u*us (?); pl. Ignes fatui (#). [L. ignis fire + fatuus foolish. So called in allusion to its tendency to mislead travelers.] 1. A phosphorescent light that appears, in the night, over marshy ground, supposed to be occasioned by the decomposition of animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable gas; -- popularly called also Will-with-the-wisp, or Will-o'-the-wisp, and Jack-with-a-lantern, or Jack-o'-lantern.

2. Fig.: A misleading influence; a decoy.

Scared and guided by the ignis fatuus of popular superstition.
Jer. Taylor.

Ig*nite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignited (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Igniting.] [L. ignitus, p. p. of ignire to ignite, fr. ignis fire. See Igneous.] 1. To kindle or set on fire; as, to ignite paper or wood.

2. (Chem.) To subject to the action of intense heat; to heat strongly; -- often said of incombustible or infusible substances; as, to ignite iron or platinum.

Ig*nite", v. i. To take fire; to begin to burn.

Ig*nit"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being ignited.

Ig*ni"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ignition.] 1. The act of igniting, kindling, or setting on fire.

2. The state of being ignited or kindled. Sir T. Browne.

Ig*nit"or (?), n. One who, or that which, produces ignition; especially, a contrivance for igniting the powder in a torpedo or the like. [Written also igniter.]

Ig*niv"o*mous (?), a. [L. ignivomus; ignis fire + vomere 8vomit.] Vomiting fire. [R.]

Ig`no*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. ignobilitas: cf. F. ignobilité.] Ignobleness. [Obs.] Bale.

Ig*no"ble (?), a. [L. ignobilis; pref. in- not + nobilis noble: cf. F. ignoble. See In- not, and Noble, a.] 1. Of low birth or family; not noble; not illustrious; plebeian; common; humble.

I was not ignoble of descent.
Shak.

Her royal stock graft with ignoble plants.
Shak.

2. Not honorable, elevated, or generous; base.

'T is but a base, ignoble mind,
That mounts no higher than a bird can soar.
Shak.

Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife.
Gray.

3. (Zoöl.) Not a true or noble falcon; -- said of certain hawks, as the goshawk.

Syn. -- Degenerate; degraded; mean; base; dishonorable; reproachful; disgraceful; shameful; scandalous; infamous.

Ig*no"ble, v. t. To make ignoble. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ig*no"ble*ness, n. State or quality of being ignoble.

Ig*no"bly, adv. In an ignoble manner; basely.

Ig`no*min"i*ous (?), a. [L. ignominiosus: cf. F. ignominieux.] 1. Marked with ignominy; incurring public disgrace; dishonorable; shameful.

Then first with fear surprised and sense of pain,
Fled ignominious.
Milton.

2. Deserving ignominy; despicable.

One single, obscure, ignominious projector.
Swift.

3. Humiliating; degrading; as, an ignominious judgment or sentence. Macaulay.

Ig`no*min"i*ous*ly, adv. In an ignominious manner; disgracefully; shamefully; ingloriously.

Ig"no*min*y (?), n.; pl. Ignominies (#). [L. ignominia ignominy (i.e., a deprivation of one's good name); in- not + nomen name: cf. F. ignominie. See In- not, and Name.] 1. Public disgrace or dishonor; reproach; infamy.

Their generals have been received with honor after their defeat; yours with ignominy after conquest.
Addison.

Vice begins in mistake, and ends in ignominy.
Rambler.

Ignominy is the infliction of such evil as is made dishonorable, or the deprivation of such good as is made honorable by the Commonwealth.
Hobbes.

2. An act deserving disgrace; an infamous act.

Syn. -- Opprobrium; reproach; dishonor.

Ig"no*my (?), n. Ignominy. [R. & Obs.]

I blush to think upon this ignomy.
Shak.

Ig`no*ra"mus (?), n. [L., we are ignorant. See Ignore.] 1. (Law) We are ignorant; we ignore; -- being the word formerly written on a bill of indictment by a grand jury when there was not sufficient evidence to warrant them in finding it a true bill. The phrase now used is, "No bill," "No true bill," or "Not found," though in some jurisdictions "Ignored" is still used. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Burn.

2. (pl. Ignoramuses (&?;).) A stupid, ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge; a dunce.

An ignoramus in place and power.
South.

Ig"no*rance (?), n. [F., fr. L. ignorantia.] 1. The condition of being ignorant; the want of knowledge in general, or in relation to a particular subject; the state of being uneducated or uninformed.

Ignorance is the curse of God,
Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven.
Shak.

2. (Theol.) A willful neglect or refusal to acquire knowledge which one may acquire and it is his duty to have. Book of Common Prayer.

Invincible ignorance (Theol.), ignorance beyond the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is not responsible before God.

Ig"no*rant (?), a. [F., fr. L. ignorans, -antis, p. pr. of ignorare to be ignorant. See Ignore.] 1. Destitute of knowledge; uninstructed or uninformed; untaught; unenlightened.

He that doth not know those things which are of use for him to know, is but an ignorant man, whatever he may know besides.
Tillotson.

2. Unacquainted with; unconscious or unaware; -- used with of.

Ignorant of guilt, I fear not shame.
Dryden.

3. Unknown; undiscovered. [Obs.]

Ignorant concealment.
Shak.

Alas, what ignorant sin have I committed?
Shak.

4. Resulting from ignorance; foolish; silly.

His shipping,
Poor ignorant baubles! -- on our terrible seas,
Like eggshells moved.
Shak.

Syn. -- Uninstructed; untaught; unenlightened; uninformed; unlearned; unlettered; illiterate. -- Ignorant, Illiterate. Ignorant denotes want of knowledge, either as to single subject or information in general; illiterate refers to an ignorance of letters, or of knowledge acquired by reading and study. In the Middle Ages, a great proportion of the higher classes were illiterate, and yet were far from being ignorant, especially in regard to war and other active pursuits.

In such business
Action is eloquence, and the eyes of the ignorant
More learned than the ears.
Shak.

In the first ages of Christianity, not only the learned and the wise, but the ignorant and illiterate, embraced torments and death.
Tillotson.

Ig"no*rant, n. A person untaught or uninformed; one unlettered or unskilled; an ignoramous.

Did I for this take pains to teach
Our zealous ignorants to preach?
Denham.

Ig"no*rant*ism (?), n. The spirit of those who extol the advantage of ignorance; obscurantism.

Ig"no*rant*ist, n. One opposed to the diffusion of knowledge; an obscurantist.

Ig"no*rant*ly, adv. In a ignorant manner; without knowledge; inadvertently.

Whom therefoer ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.
Acts xvii. 23.

Ig*nore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ignoring.] [L. ignorare; pref. in- not + the root of gnarus knowing, noscere to become acquainted with. See Know, and cf. Narrate.] 1. To be ignorant of or not acquainted with. [Archaic]

Philosophy would solidly be established, if men would more carefully distinguish those things that they know from those that they ignore.
Boyle.

2. (Law) To throw out or reject as false or ungrounded; -- said of a bill rejected by a grand jury for want of evidence. See Ignoramus.

3. Hence: To refuse to take notice of; to shut the eyes to; not to recognize; to disregard willfully and causelessly; as, to ignore certain facts; to ignore the presence of an objectionable person.

Ignoring Italy under our feet,
And seeing things before, behind.
Mrs. Browning.

Ig*nos"ci*ble (?), a. [L. ignoscibilis, fr. ignoscere to pardon, lit., not to wish to know; pref. in- not + gnoscere, noscere, to learn to know. See In- not, and Know.] Pardonable. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ig*note" (?), a. [L. ignotus; pref. in- not + gnotus, notus, known, p. p. of gnocere, nocere, to learn to know.] Unknown. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. -- n. One who is unknown. Bp. Hacket.

I*gua"na (?), n. [Sp. iguana, from the native name in Hayti. Cf. Guana.] (Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Iguana, a genus of large American lizards of the family Iguanidæ. They are arboreal in their habits, usually green in color, and feed chiefly upon fruits.

&fist; The common iguana (Iguana iguana, formerly Iguana tuberculata, and also called by other synonyms@) of the West Indies and South America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as food. The horned iguana (Iguana cornuta) has a conical horn between the eyes.

I*gua"ni*an (?), a. (Zoöl.) Resembling, or pertaining to, the iguana.

I*gua"nid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Same as Iguanoid.

I*gua"no*don (?), n. [Iguana + Gr. &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Paleon.) A genus of gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having a birdlike pelvis and large hind legs with three-toed feet capable of supporting the entire body. Its teeth resemble those of the iguana, whence its name. Several species are known, mostly from the Wealden of England and Europe. See Illustration in Appendix.

I*gua"no*dont (?), a. (Paleon.) Like or pertaining to the genus Iguanodon.

I*gua"noid (?), a. [Iguana + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the Iguanidæ.

Ih*lang`-ih*lang" (?), n. [Malayan, flower of flowers.] A rich, powerful, perfume, obtained from the volatile oil of the flowers of Canada odorata, an East Indian tree. [Also written ylang-ylang.]

||Ih*ram" (?), n. The peculiar dress worn by pilgrims to Mecca.

Ik (?), pron. [See I.] I. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

&fist; The Northern dialectic form of I, in Early English, corresponding to ich of the Southern.

Il- (?). A form of the prefix in-, not, and in-, among. See In-.

Ile (?), n. [AS. egl.] Ear of corn. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Ile, n. [See Aisle.] An aisle. [Obs.] H. Swinburne.

Ile, n. [See Isle.] An isle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Il"e*ac (?), a. [See Ileum.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum. [Written also iliac.]

2. See Iliac, 1. [R.]

Ileac passion. (Med.) See Ileus.

Il`e*o*cæ"cal (?), a. [Ileum + cæcal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum and cæcum.

Il`e*o*col"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum and colon; as, the ileocolic, or ileocæcal, valve, a valve where the ileum opens into the large intestine.

||Il"e*um (?), n. [L. ile, ileum, ilium, pl. ilia, groin, flank.] 1. (Anat.) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine. [Written also ileon, and ilium.]

2. (Anat.) See Ilium. [R.]

&fist; Most modern writers restrict ileum to the division of the intestine and ilium to the pelvic bone.

||Il"e*us (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to roll up.] (Med.) A morbid condition due to intestinal obstruction. It is characterized by complete constipation, with griping pains in the abdomen, which is greatly distended, and in the later stages by vomiting of fecal matter. Called also ileac, or iliac, passion.

||I"lex (?), n. [L., holm oak.] (Bot.) (a) The holm oak (Quercus Ilex). (b) A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, including the common holly.

Il"i*ac (?), a. [L. Iliacus, Gr. &?;. See Iliad.] Pertaining to ancient Ilium, or Troy. Gladstone.

Il"i*ac, a. [Cf. F. iliaque. See Ileum, and cf. Jade a stone.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ilium, or dorsal bone of the pelvis; as, the iliac artery. [Written also ileac.]

2. See Ileac, 1. [R.]

Iliac crest, the upper margin of the ilium. -- Iliac passion. See Ileus. -- Iliac region, a region of the abdomen, on either side of the hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar regions.

I*li"a*cal (?), a. Iliac. [R.]

Il"i*ad (?), n. [L. Ilias, - adis, Gr. &?;, &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?;, &?;, Ilium, the city of Ilus, a son of Tros, founder of Ilium, which is a poetical name of Troy.] A celebrated Greek epic poem, in twenty-four books, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. The Iliad is ascribed to Homer.

Il"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ilium; iliac.

I*liche" (?), adv. [OE., fr. AS. gelīc. Cf. Alike.] Alike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

I*lic"ic (?), a. [L. ilex, ilicis, holm oak.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the holly (Ilex), and allied plants; as, ilicic acid.

Il"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) The bitter principle of the holly.

Il"i*o- (?). [From Ilium.] A combining form used in anatomy to denote connection with, or relation to, the ilium; as, ilio-femoral, ilio- lumbar, ilio-psoas, etc.

Il`i*o*fem"o*ral (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ilium and femur; as, iliofemoral ligaments.

Il`i*o*lum"bar (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the iliac and lumbar regions; as, the iliolumbar artery.

Il`i*o*pso"as (?), n. (Anat.) The great flexor muscle of the hip joint, divisible into two parts, the iliac and great psoas, -- often regarded as distinct muscles.

||Il"i*um (?), n. [See Ileum.] (Anat.) The dorsal one of the three principal bones comprising either lateral half of the pelvis; the dorsal or upper part of the hip bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. [Written also ilion, and ileum.]

Il`ix*an"thin (?), n. [Ilex the genus including the holly + Gr. &?; yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow dye obtained from the leaves of the holly.

Ilk (?), a. [Scot. ilk, OE. ilke the same, AS. ilca. Cf. Each.] Same; each; every. [Archaic] Spenser.

Of that ilk, denoting that a person's surname and the title of his estate are the same; as, Grant of that ilk, i.e., Grant of Grant. Jamieson.

Il"ke (?), a. [See Ilk.] Same. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Il*kon", Il*koon" (?) }, pron. [See Ilk, and One.] Each one; every one. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ill (?), a. [The regular comparative and superlative are wanting, their places being supplied by worse (&?;) and worst (&?;), from another root.] [OE. ill, ille, Icel. illr; akin to Sw. illa, adv., Dan. ilde, adv.] 1. Contrary to good, in a physical sense; contrary or opposed to advantage, happiness, etc.; bad; evil; unfortunate; disagreeable; unfavorable.

Neither is it ill air only that maketh an ill seat, but ill ways, ill markets, and ill neighbors.
Bacon.

There 's some ill planet reigns.
Shak.

2. Contrary to good, in a moral sense; evil; wicked; wrong; iniquitious; naughtly; bad; improper.

Of his own body he was ill, and gave
The clergy ill example.
Shak.

3. Sick; indisposed; unwell; diseased; disordered; as, ill of a fever.

I am in health, I breathe, and see thee ill.
Shak.

4. Not according with rule, fitness, or propriety; incorrect; rude; unpolished; inelegant.

That 's an ill phrase.
Shak.

Ill at ease, uneasy; uncomfortable; anxious. "I am very ill at ease." Shak. -- Ill blood, enmity; resentment. -- Ill breeding, want of good breeding; rudeness. -- Ill fame, ill or bad repute; as, a house of ill fame, a house where lewd persons meet for illicit intercourse. -- Ill humor, a disagreeable mood; bad temper. -- Ill nature, bad disposition or temperament; sullenness; esp., a disposition to cause unhappiness to others. -- Ill temper, anger; moroseness; crossness. -- Ill turn. (a) An unkind act. (b) A slight attack of illness. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Ill will, unkindness; enmity; malevolence.

Syn. -- Bad; evil; wrong; wicked; sick; unwell.

Ill (?), n. 1. Whatever annoys or impairs happiness, or prevents success; evil of any kind; misfortune; calamity; disease; pain; as, the ills of humanity.

Who can all sense of others' ills escape
Is but a brute at best in human shape.
Tate.

That makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than fly to others that we know not of.
Shak.

2. Whatever is contrary to good, in a moral sense; wickedness; depravity; iniquity; wrong; evil.

Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still,
Exerts itself, and then throws off the ill.
Dryden.

Ill, adv. In a ill manner; badly; weakly.

How ill this taper burns!
Shak.

Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth accumulates and men decay.
Goldsmith.

&fist; Ill, like above, well, and so, is used before many participal adjectives, in its usual adverbal sense. When the two words are used as an epithet preceding the noun qualified they are commonly hyphened; in other cases they are written separatively; as, an ill-educated man; he was ill educated; an ill-formed plan; the plan, however ill formed, was acceptable. Ao, also, the following: ill-affected or ill affected, ill-arranged or ill arranged, ill-assorted or ill assorted, ill-boding or ill boding, ill-bred or ill bred, ill- conditioned, ill-conducted, ill-considered, ill- devised, ill-disposed, ill-doing, ill-fairing, ill-fated, ill-favored, ill-featured, ill-formed, ill-gotten, ill-imagined, ill-judged, ill-looking, ill-mannered, ill-matched, ill-meaning, ill-minded, ill-natured, ill-omened, ill-proportioned, ill-provided, ill-required, ill-sorted, ill-starred, ill-tempered, ill-timed, ill-trained, ill-used, and the like.

I' ll (?). Contraction for I will or I shall.

I'll by a sign give notice to our friends.
Shak.

Il*lab"ile (?), a. Incapable of falling or erring; infalliable. [Obs.] -- Il`la*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Obs.]

Il*lac"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. illacerabilis: cf. F. illacérable. See In- not, and Lacerable.] Not lacerable; incapable of being torn or rent. [Obs.]

Il*lac"ry*ma*ble (?), a. [L. illacrimabilis; pref. il- not + lacrimabilis worthy of tears.] Incapable of weeping. [Obs.] Bailey.

Il*laps"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. il- not + lapsable.] Incapable of slipping, or of error. [R.]

Morally immutable and illapsable.
Glanvill.

Il*lapse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Illapsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illapsing.] [L. illapsus, p. p. of illabi; pref. il- in + labi to fall, slide.] To fall or glide; to pass; -- usually followed by into. Cheyne.

Il*lapse", n. [L. illapsus. See Illapse, v. i.] A gliding in; an immisson or entrance of one thing into another; also, a sudden descent or attack. Akenside.

They sit silent . . . waiting for an illapse of the spirit.
Jeffrey.

Il*la"que*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being insnared or entrapped. [R.] Cudworth.

Il*la"que*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illaqueated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illaqueating.] [L. illaqueatus, p. p. of illaqueare; pref. il- in + laqueare to insnare, fr. laqueus, noose, snare.] To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch.

Let not the surpassing eloquence of Taylor dazzle you, nor his scholastic retiary versatility of logic illaqueate your good sense.
Coleridge.

Il*la`que*a"tion (?), n. 1. The act of catching or insnaring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. A snare; a trap. Johnson.

Il*la"tion (?), n. [L. illatio, fr. illatus, used as p. p. of inferre to carry or bring in, but from a different root: cf. F. illation. See 1st In- , and Tolerate, and cf. Infer.] The act or process of inferring from premises or reasons; perception of the connection between ideas; that which is inferred; inference; deduction; conclusion.

Fraudulent deductions or inconsequent illations from a false conception of things.
Sir T. Browne.

Il"la*tive (?), a. [L. illativus: cf. F. illatif.] Relating to, dependent on, or denoting, illation; inferential; conclusive; as, an illative consequence or proposition; an illative word, as then, therefore, etc.

Illative conversion (Logic), a converse or reverse statement of a proposition which in that form must be true because the original proposition is true. -- Illative sense (Metaph.), the faculty of the mind by which it apprehends the conditions and determines upon the correctness of inferences.

Il"la*tive, n. An illative particle, as for, because.

Il"la*tive*ly, adv. By inference; as an illative; in an illative manner.

Il*laud"a*ble (?), a. [L. illaudabilis. See In- not, and Laudable.] Not laudable; not praise-worthy; worthy of censure or disapprobation. Milton.

-- Il*laud"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Broome.

Ill`-bod"ing (?), a. Boding evil; inauspicious; ill-omened. "Ill-boding stars." Shak.

Ill"-bred` (?), a. Badly educated or brought up; impolite; incivil; rude. See Note under Ill, adv.

Il*lec`e*bra"tion (?), n. [See Illecebrous.] Allurement. [R.] T. Brown.

Il*lec"e*brous (?), a. [L. illecebrosus, fr. illecebra allurement, fr. illicere to allure.] Alluring; attractive; enticing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Il*le"gal (?), a. [Pref. il- not + legal: cf. F. illégal.] Not according to, or authorized by, law; specif., contrary to, or in violation of, human law; unlawful; illicit; hence, immoral; as, an illegal act; illegal trade; illegal love. Bp. Burnet.

Il`le*gal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Illegalities (#). [Cf. F. illégalité.] The quality or condition of being illegal; unlawfulness; as, the illegality of trespass or of false imprisonment; also, an illegal act.

Il*le"gal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illegalizing (?).] To make or declare illegal or unlawful.

Il*le"gal*ly, adv. In a illegal manner; unlawfully.

Il*le"gal*ness, n. Illegality, unlawfulness.

Il*leg`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being illegible.

Il*leg"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being read; not legible; as, illegible handwriting; an illegible inscription. -- Il*leg"i*ble*ness, n. -- Il*leg"i*bly, adv.

Il`le*git"i*ma*cy (?), n. The state of being illegitimate. Blackstone.

Il`le*git"i*mate (?), a. 1. Not according to law; not regular or authorized; unlawful; improper.

2. Unlawfully begotten; born out of wedlock; bastard; as, an illegitimate child.

3. Not legitimately deduced or inferred; illogical; as, an illegitimate inference.

4. Not authorized by good usage; not genuine; spurious; as, an illegitimate word.

Illegitimate fertilization, or Illegitimate union (Bot.), the fertilization of pistils by stamens not of their own length, in heterogonously dimorphic and trimorphic flowers. Darwin.

Il`le*git"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegitimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illegitimating.] To render illegitimate; to declare or prove to be born out of wedlock; to bastardize; to illegitimatize.

The marriage should only be dissolved for the future, without illegitimating the issue.
Bp. Burnet.

Il`le*git"i*mate*ly (?), adv. In a illegitimate manner; unlawfully.

Il`le*git`i*ma"tion (?), n. 1. The act of illegitimating; bastardizing.

2. The state of being illegitimate; illegitimacy. [Obs.]

Gardiner had performed his promise to the queen of getting her illegitimation taken off.
Bp. Burnet.

Il`le*git"i*ma*tize (?), v. t. To render illegitimate; to bastardize.

Il*le"sive (?), a. [Pref. il- not + L. laedere, laesum, to injure.] Not injurious; harmless. [R.]

Il*lev"i*a*ble (?), a. Not leviable; incapable of being imposed, or collected. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Ill`-fa"vored (?), a. Wanting beauty or attractiveness; deformed; ugly; ill-looking.

Ill-favored and lean-fleshed.
Gen. xli. 3.

-- Ill`-fa"vored*ly, adv. -- Ill`- fa"vored*ness, n.

Il*lib"er*al (?), a. [L. illiberalis; pref. il- not + liberalis liberal: cf. F. illibéral.] 1. Not liberal; not free or generous; close; niggardly; mean; sordid. "A thrifty and illiberal hand." Mason.

2. Indicating a lack of breeding, culture, and the like; ignoble; rude; narrow-minded; disingenuous.

3. Not well authorized or elegant; as, illiberal words in Latin. [R.] Chesterfield.

Il*lib"er*al*ism (?), n. Illiberality. [R.]

Il*lib`er*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. illiberalitas: cf. F. illibéralité.] The state or quality of being illiberal; narrowness of mind; meanness; niggardliness. Bacon.

Il*lib"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illiberalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illiberalizing (?).] To make illiberal.

Il*lib"er*al*ly, adv. In a illiberal manner, ungenerously; uncharitably; parsimoniously.

Il*lib"er*al*ness, n. The state of being illiberal; illiberality.

Il*lic"it (?), a. [L. illicitus; pref. il- not + licitus, p. p. of licere to be allowed or permitted: cf. F. illicite. See In- not, and License.] Not permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful; as, illicit trade; illicit intercourse; illicit pleasure.

One illicit . . . transaction always leads to another.
Burke.

-- Il*lic"it*ly, adv. -- Il*lic"it*ness, n.

Il*lic"it*ous (?), a. Illicit. [R.] Cotgrave.

||Il*li"ci*um (?), n. [So called, in allusion to its aroma, from L. illicium an allurement.] (Bot.) A genus of Asiatic and American magnoliaceous trees, having star-shaped fruit; star anise. The fruit of Illicium anisatum is used as a spice in India, and its oil is largely used in Europe for flavoring cordials, being almost identical with true oil of anise.

Il*light"en (?), v. t. To enlighten. [Obs.]

Il*lim"it*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. il- not + limitable: cf. F. illimitable.] Incapable of being limited or bounded; immeasurable; limitless; boundless; as, illimitable space.

The wild, the irregular, the illimitable, and the luxuriant, have their appropriate force of beauty.
De Quincey.

Syn. -- Boundless; limitless; unlimited; unbounded; immeasurable; infinite; immense; vast.

-- Il*lim"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Il*lim"it*a*bly, adv.

Il*lim`it*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- not + limitation: cf. F. illimitation.] State of being illimitable; want of, or freedom from, limitation. Bp. Hall.

Il*lim"it*ed (?), a. Not limited; interminable. Bp. Hall. -- Il*lim"it*ed*ness, n.

The absoluteness and illimitedness of his commission was generally much spoken of.
Clarendon.

Il`li*ni"tion (?), n. [L. illinire, illinere, to besmear; pref. il- in, on + linire, linere, to smear.] 1. A smearing or rubbing in or on; also, that which is smeared or rubbed on, as ointment or liniment.

2. A thin crust of some extraneous substance formed on minerals. [R.]

A thin crust or illinition of black manganese.
Kirwan.

Il`li*nois" (?), n.sing. & pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians, which formerly occupied the region between the Wabash and Mississippi rivers.

Il`li*qua"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- in + L. liquare to melt.] The melting or dissolving of one thing into another.

Ill"ish (?), a. Somewhat ill. [Obs.] Howell.

Il*li"sion (?), n. [L. illisio, fr. illidere, illisum, to strike against; pref. il- in + laedere to strike.] The act of dashing or striking against. Sir T. Browne.

Il*lit"er*a*cy (?), n.; pl. Illiteracies (#). [From Illiterate.] 1. The state of being illiterate, or uneducated; want of learning, or knowledge; ignorance; specifically, inability to read and write; as, the illiteracy shown by the last census.

2. An instance of ignorance; a literary blunder.

The many blunders and illiteracies of the first publishers of his [Shakespeare's] works.
Pope.

Il*lit"er*al (?), a. Not literal. [R.] B. Dawson.

Il*lit"er*ate (?), a. [L. illiteratus: pref. il- not + literatus learned. See In- not, and Literal.] Ignorant of letters or books; unlettered; uninstructed; uneducated; as, an illiterate man, or people.

Syn. -- Ignorant; untaught; unlearned; unlettered; unscholary. See Ignorant.

-- Il*lit"er*ate*ly, adv. -- Il*lit"er*ate*ness, n.

Il*lit"er*a*ture (?), n. Want of learning; illiteracy. [R.] Ayliffe. Southey.

Ill"-judged` (?), a. Not well judged; unwise.

Ill"-lived` (?), a. Leading a wicked life. [Obs.]

Ill"-look`ing (?), a. Having a bad look; threatening; ugly. See Note under Ill, adv.

Ill`-man"nered (?), a. Impolite; rude.

Ill"-mind`ed (?), a. Ill- disposed. Byron.

Ill`-na"tured (?), a. 1. Of habitual bad temper; peevish; fractious; cross; crabbed; surly; as, an ill-natured person.

2. Dictated by, or indicating, ill nature; spiteful. "The ill-natured task refuse." Addison.

3. Intractable; not yielding to culture. [R.] "Ill-natured land." J. Philips.

-- Ill`-na"tured*ly, adv. -- Ill`- na"tured*ness, n.

Ill"ness (?), n. [From Ill.] 1. The condition of being ill, evil, or bad; badness; unfavorableness. [Obs.] "The illness of the weather." Locke.

2. Disease; indisposition; malady; disorder of health; sickness; as, a short or a severe illness.

3. Wrong moral conduct; wickedness. Shak.

Syn. -- Malady; disease; indisposition; ailment. -- Illness, Sickness. Within the present century, there has been a tendency in England to use illness in the sense of a continuous disease, disorder of health, or sickness, and to confine sickness more especially to a sense of nausea, or "sickness of the stomach."

Ill"-nur`tured (?), a. Ill- bred. Shak.

Il`lo*cal"i*ty (?), n. Want of locality or place. [R.] Cudworth.

Il*log"ic*al (?), a. Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct reasoning; as, an illogical disputant; contrary of the rules of logic or sound reasoning; as, an illogical inference. -- Il*log"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Il*log"ic*al*ness, n.

Ill`-o"mened (?), a. Having unlucky omens; inauspicious. See Note under Ill, adv.

Ill"-starred` (?), a. Fated to be unfortunate; unlucky; as, an ill-starred man or day.

Ill`-tem"pered (?), a. 1. Of bad temper; morose; crabbed; sour; peevish; fretful; quarrelsome.

2. Unhealthy; ill-conditioned. [Obs.]

So ill-tempered I am grown, that I am afraid I shall catch cold, while all the world is afraid to melt away.
Pepys.

Ill"-timed` (?), a. Done, attempted, or said, at an unsuitable or unpropitious time.

Ill`treat" (?), v. t. To treat cruelly or improperly; to ill use; to maltreat.

Il*lude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuding.] [L. illudere, illusum; pref. il- in + ludere to play: cf. OF. illuder. See Ludicrous.] To play upon by artifice; to deceive; to mock; to excite and disappoint the hopes of.

Il*lume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuming.] [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.] To throw or spread light upon; to make light or bright; to illuminate; to illumine. Shak.

The mountain's brow,
Illumed with fluid gold.
Thomson.

Il*lu"mi*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being illuminated.

Il*lu"mi*nant (?), n. [L. illuminans, -antis, p. pr. of illuminare.] That which illuminates or affords light; as, gas and petroleum are illuminants. Boyle.

Il*lu"mi*na*ry (?), a. Illuminative.

Il*lu"mi*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminating (?).] [L. illuminatus, p. p. of illuminare; pref. il- in + luminare to enlighten, fr. lumen light. See Luminous, and cf. Illume, Illumine, Enlimn, Limn.] 1. To make light; to throw light on; to supply with light, literally or figuratively; to brighten.

2. To light up; to decorate with artificial lights, as a building or city, in token of rejoicing or respect.

3. To adorn, as a book or page with borders, initial letters, or miniature pictures in colors and gold, as was done in manuscripts of the Middle Ages.

4. To make plain or clear; to dispel the obscurity to by knowledge or reason; to explain; to elucidate; as, to illuminate a text, a problem, or a duty.

Il*lu"mi*nate (?), v. i. To light up in token or rejoicing.

Il*lu"mi*nate (?), a. [L. illuminatus, p. p.] Enlightened. Bp. Hall.

Il*lu"mi*nate, n. One who is enlightened; esp., a pretender to extraordinary light and knowledge.

||Il*lu`mi*na"ti (?), n. pl. [L. illuminatus. See Illuminate, v. t., and cf. Illuminee.] Literally, those who are enlightened; -- variously applied as follows: --

1. (Eccl.) Persons in the early church who had received baptism; in which ceremony a lighted taper was given them, as a symbol of the spiritual illumination they has received by that sacrament.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) Members of a sect which sprung up in Spain about the year 1575. Their principal doctrine was, that, by means of prayer, they had attained to so perfect a state as to have no need of ordinances, sacraments, good works, etc.; -- called also Alumbrados, Perfectibilists, etc.

3. (Mod. Hist.) Members of certain associations in Modern Europe, who combined to promote social reforms, by which they expected to raise men and society to perfection, esp. of one originated in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, professor of canon law at Ingolstadt, which spread rapidly for a time, but ceased after a few years.

4. Also applied to: (a) An obscure sect of French Familists; (b) The Hesychasts, Mystics, and Quietists; (c) The Rosicrucians.

5. Any persons who profess special spiritual or intellectual enlightenment.

Il*lu"mi*na`ting (?), a. Giving or producing light; used for illumination.

Illuminating gas. See Gas, n., 2 (a).

Il*lu`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. illuminatio: cf. F. illumination.] 1. The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of being illuminated.

2. Festive decoration of houses or buildings with lights.

3. Adornment of books and manuscripts with colored illustrations. See Illuminate, v. t., 3.

4. That which is illuminated, as a house; also, an ornamented book or manuscript.

5. That which illuminates or gives light; brightness; splendor; especially, intellectual light or knowledge.

The illumination which a bright genius giveth to his work.
Felton.

6. (Theol.) The special communication of knowledge to the mind by God; inspiration.

Hymns and psalms . . . are framed by meditation beforehand, or by prophetical illumination are inspired.
Hooker.

Il*lu"mi*na*tism (?), n. Illuminism. [R.]

Il*lu"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. illuminatif.] Tending to illuminate or illustrate; throwing light; illustrative. "Illuminative reading." Carlyle.

Il*lu"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L., an enlightener, LL. also, an illuminator of books.] 1. One whose occupation is to adorn books, especially manuscripts, with miniatures, borders, etc. See Illuminate, v. t., 3.

2. A condenser or reflector of light in optical apparatus; also, an illuminant.

Il*lu"mine (?), v. t. [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.] To illuminate; to light up; to adorn.

Il*lu`mi*nee" (?), n. [F. illuminé. Cf. Illuminati.] One of the Illuminati.

Il*lu"mi*ner (?), n. One who, or that which, illuminates.

Il*lu"mi*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. illuminisme.] The principles of the Illuminati.

Il*lu`mi*nis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to illuminism, or the Illuminati.

Il*lu"mi*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminizing (?).] To initiate the doctrines or principles of the Illuminati.

Il*lu"mi*nous (?), a. Bright; clear. [R.] H. Taylor.

Il*lure" (?), v. t. [Pref. il- in + lure.] To deceive; to entice; to lure. [Obs.]

The devil insnareth the souls of many men, by illuring them with the muck and dung of this world.
Fuller.

Ill`-used" (?), a. Misapplied; treated badly.

Il*lu"sion (?), n. [F. illusion, L. illusio, fr. illudere, illusum, to illude. See Illude.] 1. An unreal image presented to the bodily or mental vision; a deceptive appearance; a false show; mockery; hallucination.

To cheat the eye with blear illusions.
Milton.

2. Hence: Anything agreeably fascinating and charming; enchantment; witchery; glamour.

Ye soft illusions, dear deceits, arise!
Pope.

3. (Physiol.) A sensation originated by some external object, but so modified as in any way to lead to an erroneous perception; as when the rolling of a wagon is mistaken for thunder.

&fist; Some modern writers distinguish between an illusion and hallucination, regarding the former as originating with some external object, and the latter as having no objective occasion whatever.

4. A plain, delicate lace, usually of silk, used for veils, scarfs, dresses, etc.

Syn. -- Delusion; mockery; deception; chimera; fallacy. See Delusion. Illusion, Delusion. Illusion refers particularly to errors of the sense; delusion to false hopes or deceptions of the mind. An optical deception is an illusion; a false opinion is a delusion. E. Edwards.

Il*lu"sion*a*ble (?), a. Liable to illusion.

Il*lu"sion*ist, n. One given to illusion; a visionary dreamer.

Il*lu"sive (?), a. [See Illude.] Deceiving by false show; deceitful; deceptive; false; illusory; unreal.

Truth from illusive falsehood to command.
Thomson.

Il*lu"sive*ly, adv. In a illusive manner; falsely.

Il*lu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being illusive; deceptiveness; false show.

Il*lu"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. illusore.] Deceiving, or tending of deceive; fallacious; illusive; as, illusory promises or hopes.

Il*lus"tra*ble (?), a. Capable of illustration. Sir T. Browne.

Il*lus"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illustrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illustrating (?).] [L. illustratus, p. p. of illustrare to illustrate, fr. illustris bright. See Illustrious.] 1. To make clear, bright, or luminous.

Here, when the moon illustrates all the sky.
Chapman.

2. To set in a clear light; to exhibit distinctly or conspicuously. Shak.

To prove him, and illustrate his high worth.
Milton.

3. To make clear, intelligible, or apprehensible; to elucidate, explain, or exemplify, as by means of figures, comparisons, and examples.

4. To adorn with pictures, as a book or a subject; to elucidate with pictures, as a history or a romance.

5. To give renown or honor to; to make illustrious; to glorify. [Obs.]

Matter to me of glory, whom their hate
Illustrates.
Milton.

Il*lus"trate (?), a. [L. illustratus, p. p.] Illustrated; distinguished; illustrious. [Obs.]

This most gallant, illustrate, and learned gentleman.
Shak.

Il`lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. illustratio: cf. F. illustration.] 1. The act of illustrating; the act of making clear and distinct; education; also, the state of being illustrated, or of being made clear and distinct.

2. That which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity.

3. A picture designed to decorate a volume or elucidate a literary work.

Il*lus"tra*tive (?), a. 1. Tending or designed to illustrate, exemplify, or elucidate.

2. Making illustrious. [Obs.]

Il*lus"tra*tive*ly, adv. By way of illustration or elucidation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Il*lus"tra*tor (?), n. [L.] One who illustrates.

Il*lus"tra*to*ry (?), a. Serving to illustrate.

Il*lus"tri*ous (?), a. [L. illustris, prob. for illuxtris; fr. il- in + the root of lucidus bright: cf. F. illustre. See Lucid.] 1. Possessing luster or brightness; brilliant; luminous; splendid.

Quench the light; thine eyes are guides illustrious.
Beau. & Fl.

2. Characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; eminent; conspicuous; distinguished.

Illustrious earls, renowened everywhere.
Drayton.

3. Conferring luster or honor; renowned; as, illustrious deeds or titles.

Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; remarkable; brilliant; conspicuous; noted; celebrated; signal; renowened; eminent; exalted; noble; glorious. See Distinguished, Famous.

Il*lus"tri*ous*ly, adv. In a illustrious manner; conspicuously; eminently; famously. Milton.

Il*lus"tri*ous*ness, n. The state or quality of being eminent; greatness; grandeur; glory; fame.

Il*lus"trous (?), a. [Pref. il- not + lustrous.] Without luster. [Obs. & R.]

Il`lu*ta"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- in + L. lutum mud: cf. F. illutation.] The act or operation of smearing the body with mud, especially with the sediment from mineral springs; a mud bath.

Il`lux*u"ri*ous (?), a. Not luxurious. [R.] Orrery.

Ill`-will" (?). See under Ill, a.

Ill`-wish"er (?), n. One who wishes ill to another; an enemy.

Il"ly (?), adv. [A word not fully approved, but sometimes used for the adverb ill.]

Il"men*ite (?), n. [So called from Ilmen, a branch of the Ural Mountains.] (Min.) Titanic iron. See Menaccanite.

Il*me"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Ilmenite.] (Chem.) A supposed element claimed to have been discovered by R.Harmann.

Il"va*ite (?), n. [From L. Ilva, the island now called Elba.] (Min.) A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals and columnar masses.

I'm (?). A contraction of I am.

Im- (?). A form of the prefix in- not, and in- in. See In-. Im- also occurs in composition with some words not of Latin origin; as, imbank, imbitter.

Im"age (?), n. [F., fr. L. imago, imaginis, from the root of imitari to imitate. See Imitate, and cf. Imagine.] 1. An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing, or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a picture; a semblance.

Even like a stony image, cold and numb.
Shak.

Whose is this image and superscription?
Matt. xxii. 20.

This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna.
Shak.

And God created man in his own image.
Gen. i. 27.

2. Hence: The likeness of anything to which worship is paid; an idol. Chaucer.

Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, . . . thou shalt not bow down thyself to them.
Ex. xx. 4, 5.

3. Show; appearance; cast.

The face of things a frightful image bears.
Dryden.

4. A representation of anything to the mind; a picture drawn by the fancy; a conception; an idea.

Can we conceive
Image of aught delightful, soft, or great?
Prior.

5. (Rhet.) A picture, example, or illustration, often taken from sensible objects, and used to illustrate a subject; usually, an extended metaphor. Brande & C.

6. (Opt.) The figure or picture of any object formed at the focus of a lens or mirror, by rays of light from the several points of the object symmetrically refracted or reflected to corresponding points in such focus; this may be received on a screen, a photographic plate, or the retina of the eye, and viewed directly by the eye, or with an eyeglass, as in the telescope and microscope; the likeness of an object formed by reflection; as, to see one's image in a mirror.

Electrical image. See under Electrical. -- Image breaker, one who destroys images; an iconoclast. -- Image graver, Image maker, a sculptor. -- Image worship, the worship of images as symbols; iconolatry distinguished from idolatry; the worship of images themselves. -- Image Purkinje (Physics), the image of the retinal blood vessels projected in, not merely on, that membrane. -- Virtual image (Optics), a point or system of points, on one side of a mirror or lens, which, if it existed, would emit the system of rays which actually exists on the other side of the mirror or lens. Clerk Maxwell.

Im"age (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imaging (?).] 1. To represent or form an image of; as, the still lake imaged the shore; the mirror imaged her figure. "Shrines of imaged saints." J. Warton.

2. To represent to the mental vision; to form a likeness of by the fancy or recollection; to imagine.

Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore,
And image charms he must behold no more.
Pope.

Im"age*a*ble (?), a. That may be imaged. [R.]

Im"age*less, a. Having no image. Shelley.

Im"a*ger (?), n. One who images or forms likenesses; a sculptor. [Obs.]

Praxiteles was ennobled for a rare imager.
Holland.

Im"age*ry (&ibreve;m"&asl;j*r&ybreve;; 277), n. [OE. imagerie, F. imagerie.] 1. The work of one who makes images or visible representation of objects; imitation work; images in general, or in mass. "Painted imagery." Shak.

In those oratories might you see
Rich carvings, portraitures, and imagery.
Dryden.

2. Fig.: Unreal show; imitation; appearance.

What can thy imagery of sorrow mean?
Prior.

3. The work of the imagination or fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantasms.

The imagery of a melancholic fancy.
Atterbury.

4. Rhetorical decoration in writing or speaking; vivid descriptions presenting or suggesting images of sensible objects; figures in discourse.

I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery.
Dryden.

Im*ag`i*na*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capacity for imagination. [R.] Coleridge.

Im*ag"i*na*ble (?), a. [L. imaginabilis: cf. F. imaginable.] Capable of being imagined; conceivable.

Men sunk into the greatest darkness imaginable.
Tillotson.

-- Im*ag"i*na*ble*ness, n. -- Im*ag"i*na*bly, adv.

Im*ag"i*nal (?), a. [L. imaginalis.] 1. Characterized by imagination; imaginative; also, given to the use or rhetorical figures or imagins.

2. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to an imago.

Imaginal disks (Zoöl.), masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvæ of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.

Im*ag"i*nant (?), a. [L. imaginans, p. pr. of imaginari: cf. F. imaginant.] Imagining; conceiving. [Obs.] Bacon. -- n. An imaginer. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Im*ag"i*na*ri*ly (?), a. In a imaginary manner; in imagination. B. Jonson.

Im*ag"i*na*ri*ness, n. The state or quality of being imaginary; unreality.

Im*ag"i*na*ry (?), a. [L. imaginarius: cf. F. imaginaire.] Existing only in imagination or fancy; not real; fancied; visionary; ideal.

Wilt thou add to all the griefs I suffer
Imaginary ills and fancied tortures?
Addison.

Imaginary calculus See under Calculus. -- Imaginary expression or quantity (Alg.), an algebraic expression which involves the impossible operation of taking the square root of a negative quantity; as, √-9, a + b √- 1. -- Imaginary points, lines, surfaces, etc. (Geom.), points, lines, surfaces, etc., imagined to exist, although by reason of certain changes of a figure they have in fact ceased to have a real existence.

Syn. -- Ideal; fanciful; chimerical; visionary; fancied; unreal; illusive.

Im*ag"i*na*ry, n. (Alg.) An imaginary expression or quantity.

Im*ag"i*nate (?), a. Imaginative. [Obs.] Holland.

Im*ag`i*na"tion (?), n. [OE. imaginacionum, F. imagination, fr. L. imaginatio. See Imagine.] 1. The imagine-making power of the mind; the power to create or reproduce ideally an object of sense previously perceived; the power to call up mental imagines.

Our simple apprehension of corporeal objects, if present, is sense; if absent, is imagination.
Glanvill.

Imagination is of three kinds: joined with belief of that which is to come; joined with memory of that which is past; and of things present, or as if they were present.
Bacon.

2. The representative power; the power to reconstruct or recombine the materials furnished by direct apprehension; the complex faculty usually termed the plastic or creative power; the fancy.

The imagination of common language -- the productive imagination of philosophers -- is nothing but the representative process plus the process to which I would give the name of the "comparative."
Sir W. Hamilton.

The power of the mind to decompose its conceptions, and to recombine the elements of them at its pleasure, is called its faculty of imagination.
I. Taylor.

The business of conception is to present us with an exact transcript of what we have felt or perceived. But we have moreover a power of modifying our conceptions, by combining the parts of different ones together, so as to form new wholes of our creation. I shall employ the word imagination to express this power.
Stewart.

3. The power to recombine the materials furnished by experience or memory, for the accomplishment of an elevated purpose; the power of conceiving and expressing the ideal.

The lunatic, the lover, and the poet
Are of imagination all compact . . .
The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,
Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven,
And as imagination bodies forth
The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen
Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing
A local habitation and a name.
Shak.

4. A mental image formed by the action of the imagination as a faculty; a conception; a notion. Shak.

Syn. -- Conception; idea; conceit; fancy; device; origination; invention; scheme; design; purpose; contrivance. -- Imagination, Fancy. These words have, to a great extent, been interchanged by our best writers, and considered as strictly synonymous. A distinction, however, is now made between them which more fully exhibits their nature. Properly speaking, they are different exercises of the same general power -- the plastic or creative faculty. Imagination consists in taking parts of our conceptions and combining them into new forms and images more select, more striking, more delightful, more terrible, etc., than those of ordinary nature. It is the higher exercise of the two. It creates by laws more closely connected with the reason; it has strong emotion as its actuating and formative cause; it aims at results of a definite and weighty character. Milton's fiery lake, the debates of his Pandemonium, the exquisite scenes of his Paradise, are all products of the imagination. Fancy moves on a lighter wing; it is governed by laws of association which are more remote, and sometimes arbitrary or capricious. Hence the term fanciful, which exhibits fancy in its wilder flights. It has for its actuating spirit feelings of a lively, gay, and versatile character; it seeks to please by unexpected combinations of thought, startling contrasts, flashes of brilliant imagery, etc. Pope's Rape of the Lock is an exhibition of fancy which has scarcely its equal in the literature of any country. -- "This, for instance, Wordsworth did in respect of the words ‘imagination' and ‘fancy.' Before he wrote, it was, I suppose, obscurely felt by most that in ‘imagination' there was more of the earnest, in ‘fancy' of the play of the spirit; that the first was a loftier faculty and gift than the second; yet for all this words were continually, and not without loss, confounded. He first, in the preface to his Lyrical Ballads, rendered it henceforth impossible that any one, who had read and mastered what he has written on the two words, should remain unconscious any longer of the important difference between them." Trench.

The same power, which we should call fancy if employed on a production of a light nature, would be dignified with the title of imagination if shown on a grander scale.
C. J. Smith.

Im*ag`i*na"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, involving, or caused by, imagination.

Im*ag`i*na"tion*al*ism (?), n. Idealism. J. Grote.

Im*ag"i*na*tive (?), a. [F. imaginatif.] 1. Proceeding from, and characterized by, the imagination, generally in the highest sense of the word.

In all the higher departments of imaginative art, nature still constitutes an important element.
Mure.

2. Given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc.; having a quick imagination; conceptive; creative.

Milton had a highly imaginative, Cowley a very fanciful mind.
Coleridge.

3. Unreasonably suspicious; jealous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ly, adv. -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ness, n.

Im*ag"ine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imagined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imagining.] [F. imaginer, L. imaginari, p. p. imaginatus, fr. imago image. See Image.] 1. To form in the mind a notion or idea of; to form a mental image of; to conceive; to produce by the imagination.

In the night, imagining some fear,
How easy is a bush supposed a bear!
Shak.

2. To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise; to compass; to purpose. See Compass, v. t., 5.

How long will ye imagine mischief against a man?
Ps. lxii. 3.

3. To represent to one's self; to think; to believe. Shak.

Syn. -- To fancy; conceive; apprehend; think; believe; suppose; opine; deem; plan; scheme; devise.

Im*ag"ine, v. i. 1. To form images or conceptions; to conceive; to devise.

2. To think; to suppose.

My sister is not so defenseless left
As you imagine.
Milton.

Im*ag"in*er (?), n. One who forms ideas or conceptions; one who contrives. Bacon.

Im*ag"in*ous (?), a. Imaginative. [R.] Chapman.

||I*ma"go (?), n.; pl. Imagoes (#). [L. See Image.] 1. An image.

2. (Zoöl.) The final adult, and usually winged, state of an insect. See Illust. of Ant- lion, and Army worm.

{ ||I*mam" (?), ||I*man" (?), ||I*maum" (?), } n. [Ar. imām.] 1. Among the Mohammedans, a minister or priest who performs the regular service of the mosque.

2. A Mohammedan prince who, as a successor of Mohammed, unites in his person supreme spiritual and temporal power.

I*ma"ret (?), n. [Turk., fr. Ar. 'imāra.] A lodging house for Mohammedan pilgrims. Moore.

Im*balm" (?), v. t. See Embalm.

Im*ban" (?), v. t. To put under a ban. [R.] Barlow.

Im*band" (?), v. t. To form into a band or bands. "Imbanded nations." J. Barlow.

Im*bank" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbanking.] [Pref. im- in + bank. Cf. Embank.] To inclose or defend with a bank or banks. See Embank.

Im*bank"ment (?), n. The act of surrounding with a bank; a bank or mound raised for defense, a roadway, etc.; an embankment. See Embankment.

Im*ban"nered (?), a. Having banners.

Im*bar" (?), v. t. To bar in; to secure. [Obs.]

To imbar their crooked titles.
Shak.

Im*bar"go (?), n. See Embargo.

Im*bark" (?), v. i. & t. See Embark.

Im*barn" (?), v. t. To store in a barn. [Obs.]

Im*base" (?), v. t. See Embase.

Im*base", v. i. To diminish in value. [Obs.] Hales.

Im*bas"tard*ize (?), v. t. To bastardize; to debase. [Obs.] Milton.

Im*bathe" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + bathe. Cf. Embathe.] To bathe; to wash freely; to immerse.

And gave her to his daughters to imbathe
In nectared lavers strewed with asphodel.
Milton.

Im*bay" (?), v. t. See Embay.

Im"be*cile (?), a. [L. imbecillis, and imbecillus; of unknown origin: cf. F. imbécile.] Destitute of strength, whether of body or mind; feeble; impotent; esp., mentally wea; feeble-minded; as, hospitals for the imbecile and insane.

Syn. -- Weak; feeble; feeble-minded; idiotic.

Im"be*cile, n. One destitute of strength; esp., one of feeble mind.

Im"be*cile, v. t. To weaken; to make imbecile; as, to imbecile men's courage. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Im`be*cil"i*tate (?), v. t. To weaken, as to the body or the mind; to enfeeble. [R.] A. Wilson.

Im`be*cil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Imbecilities (#). [L. imbecillitas: cf. F. imbécillité.] The quality of being imbecile; weakness; feebleness, esp. of mind.

Cruelty . . . argues not only a depravedness of nature, but also a meanness of courage and imbecility of mind.
Sir W. Temple.

&fist; This term is used specifically to denote natural weakness of the mental faculties, affecting one's power to act reasonably or intelligently.

Syn. -- Debility; infirmity; weakness; feebleness; impotence. See Debility.

Im*bed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbedded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbedding.] [Pref. im- in + bed. Cf. Embed.] To sink or lay, as in a bed; to deposit in a partly inclosing mass, as of clay or mortar; to cover, as with earth, sand, etc.

Im*bel"lic (?), a. [L. imbellis; pref. im- = in- not + bellum war; cf. bellicus warlike.] Not warlike or martial. [Obs.] R. Junius.

Im*bench"ing (?), n. [Pref. im- in + bench.] A raised work like a bench. [Obs.] Parkhurst.

Im"ber-goose` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The loon. See Ember-goose.

Im*bez"zle (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Embezzle.

Im*bibe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbibed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbibing.] [L. imbibere; pref. im- in + bibere to drink: cf. F. imbiber. Cf. Bib, Imbue, Potable.] 1. To drink in; to absorb; to suck or take in; to receive as by drinking; as, a person imbibes drink, or a sponge imbibes moisture.

2. To receive or absorb into the mind and retain; as, to imbibe principles; to imbibe errors.

3. To saturate; to imbue. [Obs.] "Earth, imbibed with . . . acid." Sir I. Newton.

Im*bib"er (?), n. One who, or that which, imbibes.

Im`bi*bi"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imbibition.] The act or process of imbibing, or absorbing; as, the post-mortem imbibition of poisons. Bacon.

Im*bit"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbittering.] [Pref. im- in + bitter. Cf. Embitter.] [Written also embitter.] To make bitter; hence, to make distressing or more distressing; to make sad, morose, sour, or malignant.

Is there anything that more imbitters the enjoyment of this life than shame?
South.

Imbittered against each other by former contests.
Bancroft.

Im*bit"ter*er (?), n. One who, or that which, imbitters.

Im*bit"ter*ment (?), n. The act of imbittering; bitter feeling; embitterment.

Im*blaze" (?), v. t. See Emblaze.

Im*bla"zon (?), v. t. See Emblazon.

Im*bod"y (?), v. i. [See Embody.] To become corporeal; to assume the qualities of a material body. See Embody.

The soul grows clotted by contagion,
Imbodies, and imbrutes.
Milton.

Im*boil" (?), v. t. & i. [Obs.] See Emboil.

Im*bold"en (?), v. t. See Embolden.

Im*bon"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + L. bonitas goodness.] Want of goodness. [Obs.] Burton.

Im*bor"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbordered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbordering.] [Pref. im- in + border. Cf. Emborder.] To furnish or inclose with a border; to form a border of. Milton.

Im*bosk" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbosking.] [CF. It. imboscare to imbosk, imboscarsi to retire into a wood; pref. im- in + bosco wood. See Boscage, and cf. Ambush.] To conceal, as in bushes; to hide. [Obs.] Shelton.

Im*bosk", v. i. To be concealed. [R.] Milton.

Im*bos"om (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbosoming.] [Pref. im- in + bosom. Cf. Embosom.] 1. To hold in the bosom; to cherish in the heart or affection; to embosom.

2. To inclose or place in the midst of; to surround or shelter; as, a house imbosomed in a grove. "Villages imbosomed soft in trees." Thomson.

The Father infinite,
By whom in bliss imbosomed sat the Son.
Milton.

Im*boss" (?), v. t. See Emboss.

Im*bos"ture (?), n. [See Emboss.] Embossed or raised work. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Im*bound" (?), v. t. To inclose in limits; to shut in. [Obs.] Shak.

Im*bow" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + bow. Cf. Embow.] To make like a bow; to curve; to arch; to vault; to embow. "Imbowed windows." Bacon.

Im*bow"el (?), v. t. See Embowel.

Im*bow"er (?), v. t. & i. See Embower.

Im*bow"ment (?), n. act of imbowing; an arch; a vault. Bacon.

Im*box" (?), v. t. To inclose in a box.

Im*bra"cer*y (?), n. Embracery. [Obs.]

Im*braid" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Embraid.

Im*bran"gle (?), v. t. To entangle as in a cobweb; to mix confusedly. [R.] Hudibras.

Physiology imbrangled with an inapplicable logic.
Coleridge.

Im*breed" (?), v. t. [Cf. Inbreed.] To generate within; to inbreed. [Obs.] Hakewill.

{ Im"bri*cate (?), Im"bri*ca`ted (?), } a. [L. imbricatus, p. p. of imbricare to cover with tiles, to form like a gutter tile, fr. imbrex, -icis, a hollow tile, gutter tile, fr. imber rain.] 1. Bent and hollowed like a roof or gutter tile.

2. Lying over each other in regular order, so as to "break joints," like tiles or shingles on a roof, the scales on the leaf buds of plants and the cups of some acorns, or the scales of fishes; overlapping each other at the margins, as leaves in æstivation.

3. In decorative art: Having scales lapping one over the other, or a representation of such scales; as, an imbricated surface; an imbricated pattern.

Im"bri*cate (?), v. t. To lay in order, one lapping over another, so as to form an imbricated surface.

Im`bri*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imbrication.] An overlapping of the edges, like that of tiles or shingles; hence, intricacy of structure; also, a pattern or decoration representing such a structure.

Im"bri*ca*tive (?), a. (Bot.) Imbricate.

Im`bro*ca"do (?), n.; pl. Imbrocadoes (#). [See Brocade.] Cloth of silver or of gold. [R.]

{ ||Im`bro*ca"ta (?), Im`broc*ca"ta }, n. [It. imbroccata.] A hit or thrust. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Im*brogl"io (?), n.; pl. Imbroglios (#). [Written also embroglio.] [It. See 1st Broil, and cf. Embroil.] 1. An intricate, complicated plot, as of a drama or work of fiction.

2. A complicated and embarrassing state of things; a serious misunderstanding.

Wrestling to free itself from the baleful imbroglio.
Carlyle.

Im*brown" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + brown. Cf. Embrown.] To make brown; to obscure; to darken; to tan; as, features imbrowned by exposure.

The mountain mass by scorching skies imbrowned.
Byron.

Im*brue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbureed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbureing.] [Cf. OF. embruer, also embruver, embreuver, embrever, to give to drink, soak (see pref. En-, 1, 1st In-, and Breverage), but also OE. enbrewen, enbrowen, to stain, soil (cf. Brewis).] To wet or moisten; to soak; to drench, especially in blood.

While Darwen stream, will blood of Scots imbrued.
Milton.

Im*brue"ment (?), n. The act of imbruing or state of being imbrued.

Im*brute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbruted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbruting.] [Pref. im- in + brute: cf. F. abrutir. Cf. Embrute.] To degrade to the state of a brute; to make brutal.

And mixed with bestial slime,
THis essence to incarnate and imbrute.
Milton.

Im*brute", v. i. To sink to the state of a brute.

The soul grows clotted by contagion,
Imbodies, and imbrutes, till she quite lose
The divine property of her first being.
Milton.

Im*brute"ment (?), n. The act of imbruting, or the state of being imbruted. [R.] Brydges.

Im*bue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbuing.] [L. imbuere; pref. im- in + perh. a disused simple word akin to L. bibere to drink. Cf. Imbibe.] 1. To tinge deeply; to dye; to cause to absorb; as, clothes thoroughly imbued with black.

2. To tincture deply; to cause to become impressed or penetrated; as, to imbue the minds of youth with good principles.

Thy words with grace divine
Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety.
Milton.

Im*bue"ment (?), n. The act of imbuing; the state of being imbued; hence, a deep tincture.

Im*burse" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + burse: cf. F. embourser to put into one's purse. See Burse, and Purse.] To supply or stock with money. [Obs.]

Im*burse"ment (?), n. 1. The act of imbursing, or the state of being imbursed. [Obs.]

2. Money laid up in stock. [Obs.]

Im*bu"tion (?), n. An imbuing. [Obs.]

I*mes"a*tin (?), n. [Imide + isatin.] (Chem.) A dark yellow, crystalline substance, obtained by the action of ammonia on isatin.

Im"ide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound with, or derivative of, the imido group; specif., a compound of one or more acid radicals with the imido group, or with a monamine; hence, also, a derivative of ammonia, in which two atoms of hydrogen have been replaced by divalent basic or acid radicals; -- frequently used as a combining form; as, succinimide.

Im"i*do (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, containing, or combined with, the radical NH, which is called the imido group.

Imido acid, an organic acid, consisting of one or more acid radicals so united with the imido group that it contains replaceable acid hydrogen, and plays the part of an acid; as, uric acid, succinimide, etc., are imido acids.

Im`it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [See Imitable.] The quality of being imitable. Norris.

Im"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. imitabilis: cf. F. imitable. See Imitate.] 1. Capable of being imitated or copied.

The characters of man placed in lower stations of life are more usefull, as being imitable by great numbers.
Atterbury.

2. Worthy of imitation; as, imitable character or qualities. Sir W. Raleigh.

Im"i*ta*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being imitable; worthness of imitation.

Im"i*tan*cy (?), n. [From L. imitans, p. pr. of imitare.] Tendency to imitation. [R.] Carlyle.

Im"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imitating (?).] [L. imitatus, p. p. of imitari to imitate; of unknown origin. Cf. Image.] 1. To follow as a pattern, model, or example; to copy or strive to copy, in acts, manners etc.

Despise wealth and imitate a dog.
Cowlay.

2. To produce a semblance or likeness of, in form, character, color, qualities, conduct, manners, and the like; to counterfeit; to copy.

A place picked out by choice of best alive
The Nature's work by art can imitate.
Spenser.

This hand appeared a shining sword to weild,
And that sustained an imitated shield.
Dryden.

3. (Biol.) To resemble (another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object) in form, color, ornamentation, or instinctive habits, so as to derive an advantage thereby; sa, when a harmless snake imitates a venomous one in color and manner, or when an odorless insect imitates, in color, one having secretion offensive to birds.

Im"i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. imitatio: cf. F. imitation.] 1. The act of imitating.

Poesy is an art of imitation, . . . that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth.
Sir P. Sidney.

2. That which is made or produced as a copy; that which is made to resemble something else, whether for laudable or for fraudulent purposes; likeness; resemblance.

Both these arts are not only true imitations of nature, but of the best nature.
Dryden.

3. (Mus.) One of the principal means of securing unity and consistency in polyphonic composition; the repetition of essentially the same melodic theme, phrase, or motive, on different degrees of pitch, by one or more of the other parts of voises. Cf. Canon.

4. (Biol.) The act of condition of imitating another species of animal, or a plant, or unanimate object. See Imitate, v. t., 3.

&fist; Imitation is often used adjectively to characterize things which have a deceptive appearance, simulating the qualities of a superior article; -- opposed to real or genuine; as, imitation lace; imitation bronze; imitation modesty, etc.

Im`i*ta"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or employed in, imitation; as, imitational propensities.

Im"i*ta*tive (?), a. [L. imitavitus: cf. F. imitatif.] 1. Inclined to imitate, copy, or follow; imitating; exhibiting some of the qualities or characteristics of a pattern or model; dependent on example; not original; as, man is an imitative being; painting is an imitative art.

2. Formed after a model, pattern, or original.

This temple, less in form, with equal grace,
Was imitative of the first in Thrace.
Dryden.

3. (Nat. Hist.) Designed to imitate another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object, for some useful purpose, such as protection from enemies; having resemblance to something else; as, imitative colors; imitative habits; dendritic and mammillary forms of minerals are imitative.

-- Im"i*ta*tive*ly, adv. -- Im"i*ta*tive*ness, n.

Im"i*ta*tive, n. (Gram.) A verb expressive of imitation or resemblance. [R.]

Im"i*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] One who imitates.

Im"i*ta`tor*ship, n. The state or office of an imitator. "Servile imitatorship." Marston.

Im"i*ta`tress (?), n. A woman who is an imitator.

Im"i*ta`trix (?), n. An imitatress.

Im*mac"u*late (?), a. [L. immaculatus; pref. im- not + maculatus, p. p. of maculare to spot, stane, fr. macula spot. See Mail armor.] Without stain or blemish; spotless; undefiled; clear; pure.

Were but my soul as pure
From other guilt as that, Heaven did not hold
One more immaculate.
Denham.

Thou sheer, immaculate and silver fountain.
Shak.

Immaculate conception (R. C. Ch.), the doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin.

-- Im*mac"u*late*ly, adv. -- Im*mac"u*late*ness, n.

Im*mailed" (?), a. Wearing mail or armor; clad of armor. W. Browne.

Im*mal"le*a*ble (?), a. Not maleable.

Im*man"a*cle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immanacled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immanacling (?).] To manacle; to fetter; hence; to confine; to restrain from free action.

Although this corporal rind
Thou hast immanacled.
Milton.

Im"ma*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. im- in + L. manare to flow; cf. mantio a flowing.] A flowing or entering in; -- opposed to emanation. [R.] Good.

Im*mane" (?), a. [L. immanis.] Very great; huge; vast; also, monstrous in character; inhuman; atrocious; fierce. [Obs.] "So immane a man." Chapman.

-- Im*mane"ly, adv. [Obs.]

{ Im"ma*nence (?), Im"ma*nen*cy (?), } n. The condition or quality of being immanent; inherence; an indwelling.

[Clement] is mainly concerned in enforcing the immanence of God. Christ is everywhere presented by him as Deity indwelling in the world.
A. V. G. Allen.

Im"ma*nent (?), a. [L. immanens, p. pr. of immanere to remain in or near; pref. im- in + manere to remain: cf. F. immanent.] Remaining within; inherent; indwelling; abiding; intrinsic; internal or subjective; hence, limited in activity, agency, or effect, to the subject or associated acts; -- opposed to emanant, transitory, transitive, or objective.

A cognition is an immanent act of mind.
Sir W. Hamilton.

An immanent power in the life of the world.
Hare.

Im*man"i*fest (?), a. Not manifest. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Im*man"i*ty (?), n. [L. immanitas.] The state or quality of being immane; barbarity. [R.] Shak.

Im*man"tle (?), v. t. See Emmantle. [R.]

Im*man"u*el (?), n. [Heb. 'immān&?;ēl, fr. 'im with + ān&?; us + ēl God.] God with us; -- an appellation of the Christ. Is. vii. 14. Matt. i. 23.

Im`mar*ces"ci*ble (?), a. [L. immarcescibilis; pref. im- not + marcescere to fade: cf. F. immarcescible.] Unfading; lasting. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Im`mar*ces"ci*bly, adv. Unfadingly. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Im*mar"gin*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Not having a distinctive margin or border. Grey.

Im*mar"tial (?), a. Not martial; unwarlike. [Obs.]

Im*mask" (?), v. t. To cover, as with a mask; to disguise or conceal. [R.] Shak.

Im*match"a*ble (?), a. Matchless; peerless. [Obs.] Holland.

Im`ma*te"ri*al (&ibreve;m`m&adot;*tē"r&ibreve;*al), a. [Pref. im- not + material: cf. F. immatériel.] 1. Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; spiritual; disembodied.

Angels are spirits immaterial and intellectual.
Hooker.

2. Of no substantial consequence; without weight or significance; unimportant; as, it is wholly immaterial whether he does so or not.

Syn. -- Unimportant; inconsequential; insignificant; inconsiderable; trifling.

Im`ma*te"ri*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. immatérialisme.] 1. The doctrine that immaterial substances or spiritual being exist, or are possible.

2. (Philos.) The doctrine that external bodies may be reduced to mind and ideas in a mind; any doctrine opposed to materialism or phenomenalism, esp. a system that maintains the immateriality of the soul; idealism; esp., Bishop Berkeley's theory of idealism.

Im`ma*te"ri*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. immatérialiste.] (Philos.) One who believes in or professes, immaterialism.

Im`ma*te`ri*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immaterialities (#). [Cf. F. immatérialité.] The state or quality of being immaterial or incorporeal; as, the immateriality of the soul.

Im`ma*te"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. immatérialiser.] To render immaterial or incorporeal.

Immateralized spirits.
Glanvill.

Im`ma*te"ri*al*ly, adv. 1. In an immaterial manner; without matter or corporeal substance.

2. In an unimportant manner or degree.

Im`ma*te"ri*al*ness, n. The state or quality of being immaterial; immateriality.

Im`ma*te"ri*ate (?), a. Immaterial. [Obs.] Bacon.

Im`ma*ture" (?), a. [L. immaturus; pref. im- not + maturus mature, ripe. See Mature.] 1. Not mature; unripe; not arrived at perfection of full development; crude; unfinished; as, immature fruit; immature character; immature plans. "An ill-measured and immature counsel." Bacon.

2. Premature; untimely; too early; as, an immature death. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Im`ma*tured" (?), a. Immature.

Im`ma*ture"ly (?), adv. In an immature manner. Warburion.

Im`ma*ture"ness, n. The state or quality of being immature; immaturity. Boyle.

Im`ma*tu"ri*ty (?), n. [L. immaturitas: cf. F. immaturité.] The state or quality of being immature or not fully developed; unripeness; incompleteness.

When the world has outgrown its intellectual immaturity.
Caird.

Im`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + L. meabilis passable, fr. meare to pass.] Want of power to pass, or to permit passage; impassableness.

Immeability of the juices.
Arbuthnot.

Im*meas`ur*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being immeasurable; immensurability.

Im*meas"ur*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + measurable: cf. F. measurable. Cf. Immensurable, Unmeasurable.] Incapable of being measured; indefinitely extensive; illimitable; immensurable; vast.

Of depth immeasurable.
Milton.

Im*meas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being immeasurable.

Eternity and immeasurableness belong to thought alone.
F. W. Robertson.

Im*meas"ur*a*bly, adv. In an immeasurable manner or degree. "Immeasurably distant." Wordsworth.

Im*meas"ured (?), a. Immeasurable. [R.] Spenser.

Im`me*chan"ic*al (?), a. Not mechanical. [Obs.] Cheyne. -- Im"me*chan"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Im*me"di*a*cy (?), n. The relation of freedom from the interventionof a medium; immediateness. Shak.

Im*me"di*ate (?), a. [F. immédiat. See In- not, and Mediate.] 1. Not separated in respect to place by anything intervening; proximate; close; as, immediate contact.

You are the most immediate to our throne.
Shak.

2. Not deferred by an interval of time; present; instant. "Assemble we immediate council." Shak.

Death . . . not yet inflicted, as he feared,
By some immediate stroke.
Milton.

3. Acting with nothing interposed or between, or without the intervention of another object as a cause, means, or agency; acting, perceived, or produced, directly; as, an immediate cause.

The immediate knowledge of the past is therefore impossible.
Sir. W. Hamilton.

Immediate amputation (Surg.), an amputation performed within the first few hours after an injury, and before the the effects of the shock have passed away.

Syn. -- Proximate; close; direct; next.

Im*me"di*ate*ly (?), adv. 1. In an immediate manner; without intervention of any other person or thing; proximately; directly; -- opposed to mediately; as, immediately contiguous.

God's acceptance of it either immediately by himself, or mediately by the hands of the bishop.
South.

2. Without interval of time; without delay; promptly; instantly; at once.

And Jesus . . . touched him, saying, I will; be thou clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed.
Matt. viii. 3.

3. As soon as. Cf. Directly, 8, Note.

Syn. -- Directly; instantly; quickly; forthwith; straightway; presently. See Directly.

Im*me"di*ate*ness, n. The quality or relations of being immediate in manner, place, or time; exemption from second or interventing causes. Bp. Hall.

Im*me"di*a*tism (?), n. Immediateness.

Im*med"i*ca*ble (?), a. [L. Immedicabilis. See In- not, and Medicable.] Not to be healed; incurable. "Wounds immedicable." Milton.

Im`me*lo"di*ous (?), a. Not melodious.

Im*mem"o*ra*ble (?), a. [L. immemorabilis; pref. im- not + memorabilis memorable: cf. F. immémorable. See Memorable.] Not memorable; not worth remembering. Johnson.

Im`me*mo"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + memorial: cf. F. immémorial.] Extending beyond the reach of memory, record, or tradition; indefinitely ancient; as, existing from time immemorial. "Immemorial elms." Tennyson. "Immemorial usage or custom." Sir M. Hale.

Time immemorial (Eng. Law.), a time antedating (legal) history, and beyond "legal memory" so called; formerly an indefinite time, but in 1276 this time was fixed by statute as the begining of the reign of Richard I. (1189). Proof of unbroken possession or use of any right since that date made it unnecessary to establish the original grant. In 1832 the plan of dating legal memory from a fixed time was abandoned and the principle substituted that rights which had been enjoyed for full twenty years (or as against the crown thirty years) should not be liable to impeachment merely by proving that they had not been enjoyed before.

Im`me*mo"ri*al*ly, adv. Beyond memory. Bentley.

Im*mense" (?), a. [L. immensus; pref. im- not + mensus, p. p. of metiri to measure: cf. F. immense. See Measure.] Immeasurable; unlimited. In commonest use: Very great; vast; huge. "Immense the power" Pope. "Immense and boundless ocean." Daniel.

O Goodness infinite! Goodness immense!
Milton.

Syn. -- Infinite; immeasurable; illimitable; unbounded; unlimited; interminable; vast; prodigious; enormous; monstrous. See Enormous.

Im*mense"ly, adv. In immense manner or degree.

Im*mense"ness, n. The state of being immense.

Im*men"si*ble (?), a. [Immense + -ible.] Immeasurable. [Obs.] Davies.

Im*men"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Immensities (#). [L. immensitas: cf. F. immensité.] The state or quality of being immense; inlimited or immeasurable extension; infinity; vastness in extent or bulk; greatness.

Lost in the wilds of vast immensity.
Blackmore.

The immensity of the material system.
I. Taylor.

Im*men"sive (?), a. Huge. [Obs.] Herrick.

Im*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being immensurable.

Im*men"su*ra*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + L. mensurabilis measurable: cf. F. immensurable. Cf. Immeasurable.] Immeasurable.

What an immensurable space is the firmament.
Derham.

Im*men"su*rate (?), a. [Pref. im- not + mensurate.] Unmeasured; unlimited. [R.] W. Montagu.

Im*merge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immerged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immerging (?).] [L. immergere; pref. im- in + mergere to dip, plunge: cf. F. immerger. See Merge, and cf. Immerse.] To plungel into, under, or within anything especially a fuid; to dip; to immerse. See Immerse.

We took . . . lukewarm water, and in it immerged a quantity of the leaves of senna.
Boyle.

Their souls are immerged in matter.
Jer. Taylor.

Im*merge" (?), v. i. To dissapear by entering into any medium, as a star into the light of the sun. [R.]

Im*mer"it (?), n. Want of worth; demerit. [R.] Suckling.

Im*mer"it*ed, a. Unmerited. [Obs.] Charles I.

Im*mer"it*ous (?), a. [L. immeritus; pref. im- not + meritus, p. p. of merere, mereri, to deserve.] Undeserving. [Obs.] Milton.

Im*mers"a*ble (?), a. See Immersible.

Im*merse" (?), a. [L. immersus, p. p. of immergere. See Immerge.] Immersed; buried; hid; sunk. [Obs.] "Things immerse in matter." Bacon.

Im*merse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immersed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immersing.] 1. To plunge into anything that surrounds or covers, especially into a fluid; to dip; to sink; to bury; to immerge.

Deep immersed beneath its whirling wave.
J Warton.

More than a mile immersed within the wood.
Dryden.

2. To baptize by immersion.

3. To engage deeply; to engross the attention of; to involve; to overhelm.

The queen immersed in such a trance.
Tennyson.

It is impossible to have a lively hope in another life, and yet be deeply immersed inn the enjoyments of this.
Atterbury.

Im*mersed" (?), p. p. & a. 1. Deeply plunged into anything, especially a fluid.

2. Deeply occupied; engrossed; entangled.

3. (Bot.) Growing wholly under water. Gray.

Im*mers"i*ble (?), a. [From Immerse.] Capable of being immersed.

Im*mers"i*ble, a. [Pref. im- not + L. mersus, p. p. of mergere to plunge.] Not capable of being immersed.

Im*mer"sion (?), n. [L. immersio; cf. F. immersion.] 1. The act of immersing, or the state of being immersed; a sinking within a fluid; a dipping; as, the immersion of Achilles in the Styx.

2. Submersion in water for the purpose of Christian baptism, as, practiced by the Baptists.

3. The state of being overhelmed or deeply absorbed; deep engagedness.

Too deep an immersion in the affairs of life.
Atterbury.

4. (Astron.) The dissapearance of a celestail body, by passing either behind another, as in the occultation of a star, or into its shadow, as in the eclipse of a satellite; -- opposed to emersion.

Immersion lens, a microscopic objective of short focal distance designed to work with a drop of liquid, as oil, between the front lens and the slide, so that this lens is practically immersed.

Im*mer"sion*ist, n. (Eccl.) One who holds the doctrine that immersion is essential to Christian baptism.

Im*mesh" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immeshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immeshing.] [Pref. im- in + mesh. Cf. Inmesh.] To catch or entangle in, or as in, the meshes of a net. or in a web; to insnare.

Im`me*thod"ic*al (?), a. Not methodical; without method or systematic arrangement; without order or regularity; confused. Addison.

Syn. -- Irregular; confused; disoderly; unsystematic; desultory.

Im`me*thod"ic*al*ly, adv. Without method; confusedly; unsystematically.

Im`me*thod"ic*al*ness, n. Want of method.

Im*meth"od*ize (?), v. t. To render immethodical; to destroy the method of; to confuse. [R.]

Im*met"ric*al (&?;), a. Not metrical or rhythmical. [R.] Chapman.

Im*mew" (?), v. t. See Emmew.

Im"mi*grant (?), n. [L. immigrans, p. pr. of immigrare to go into: cf. F. immigrant. See Immigrate.] One who immigrates; one who comes to a country for the purpose of permanent residence; -- correlative of emigrant.

Syn. -- See Emigrant.

Im"mi*grate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immigrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immigrating (?).] [L. immigrare, immigratum, to immigrate; pref. im- in + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.] To come into a country of which one is not a native, for the purpose of permanent residence. See Emigrate.

Im"mi*gra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. immigration.] The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence.

The immigrations of the Arabians into Europe.
T. Warton.

Im"mi*nence (?), n. [Cf. F. imminence, L. imminentia, See Imminent.] 1. The condition or quality of being imminent; a threatening, as of something about to happen. The imminence of any danger or distress. Fuller.

2. That which is imminent; impending evil or danger. "But dare all imminence." Shak.

Im"mi*nent (?), a. [L. imminens, p. pr. of imminere to project; pref. im- in + minere (in comp.) to jut, project. See Eminent.] 1. Threatening to occur immediately; near at hand; impending; -- said especially of misfortune or peril. "In danger imminent." Spenser.

2. Full of danger; threatening; menacing; perilous.

Hairbreadth scapes i' the imminent deadly breach.
Shak.

3. (With upon) Bent upon; attentive to. [R.]

Their eyes ever imminent upon worldly matters.
Milton.

Syn. -- Impending; threatening; near; at hand. -- Imminent, Impending, Threatening. Imminent is the strongest: it denotes that something is ready to fall or happen on the instant; as, in imminent danger of one's life. Impending denotes that something hangs suspended over us, and may so remain indefinitely; as, the impending evils of war. Threatening supposes some danger in prospect, but more remote; as, threatening indications for the future.

Three times to-day
You have defended me from imminent death.
Shak.

No story I unfold of public woes,
Nor bear advices of impending foes.
Pope.

Fierce faces threatening war.
Milton.

Im"mi*nent*ly, adv. In an imminent manner.

Im*min"gle (?), v. t. To mingle; to mix; to unite; to blend. [R.] Thomson.

Im`mi*nu"tion (?), n. [L. imminutio, fr. imminuere, imminutum, to lessen; pref. im- in + minuere.] A lessening; diminution; decrease. [R.] Ray.

Im*mis"ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. immiscibilité.] Incapability of being mixed, or mingled.

Im*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + miscible: cf. F. immiscible.] Not capable of being mixed or mingled.

A chaos of immiscible and conflicting particles.
Cudworth.

Im*mis"sion (?), n. [L. immissio: cf. F. immission. See Immit.] The act of immitting, or of sending or thrusting in; injection; -- the correlative of emission.

Im*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Immiting.] [L. immittere, immissum; pref. im- in + mittere to send.] To send in; to inject; to infuse; -- the correlative of emit. [R.] Boyle.

Im*mit"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. immitigabilis; fr. pref. im- not + mitigare to mitigate.] Not capable of being mitigated, softened, or appeased. Coleridge.

Im*mit"i*ga*bly (?), adv. In an immitigable manner.

Im*mix" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + mix.] To mix; to mingle. [R.]

Amongst her tears immixing prayers meek.
Spenser.

Im*mix"a*ble (?), a. Not mixable. Bp. Wilkins.

Im*mixed" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + mixed, p. p. of mix.] Unmixed. [Obs.]

How pure and immixed the design is.
Boyle.

Im*mix"ture (?), n. Freedom from mixture; purity. [R.] W. Montagu.

Im*mo"bile (?), a. [L. immobilis: cf. F. immobile. See Immobility.] Incapable of being moved; immovable; fixed; stable. Prof. Shedd.

Im`mo*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. immobilitas, fr. immobilis immovable; pref. im- not + mobilis movable: cf. F. immobilité. See Mobile.] The condition or quality of being immobile; fixedness in place or state.

Im*mob"i*lize (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + mobilize; cf. f. immobiliser.] To make immovable; in surgery, to make immovable (a naturally mobile part, as a joint) by the use of splints, or stiffened bandages.

Im*mo"ble (?), a. [Obs.] See Immobile.

Im*mod"er*a*cy (?), n. [From Immoderate.] Immoderateness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Im*mod"er*an*cy (?), n. [L. immoderantia.] Immoderateness; excess. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Im*mod"er*ate (?), a. [L. immoderatus; pref. im- not + moderatus moderate. See Moderate.] Not moderate; exceeding just or usual and suitable bounds; excessive; extravagant; unreasonable; as, immoderate demands; immoderate grief; immoderate laughter.

So every scope by the immoderate use
Turns to restraint.
Shak.

Syn. -- Excessive; exorbitant; unreasonable; extravagant; intemperate; inordinate.

Im*mod"er*ate*ly, adv. In an immoderate manner; excessively.

Im*mod"er*ate*ness, n. The quality of being immoderate; excess; extravagance. Puller.

Im*mod`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. immoderatio: cf. F. imodération.] Want of moderation. Hallywell.

Im*mod"est (?), a. [F. immodeste, L. immodestus immoderate; pref. im- not + modestus modest. See Modest.] 1. Not limited to due bounds; immoderate.

2. Not modest; wanting in the reserve or restraint which decorum and decency require; indecent; indelicate; obscene; lewd; as, immodest persons, behavior, words, pictures, etc.

Immodest deeds you hinder to be wrought,
But we proscribe the least immodest thought.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Indecorous; indelicate; shameless; shameful; impudent; indecent; impure; unchaste; lewd; obscene.

Im*mod"est*ly, adv. In an immodest manner.

Im*mod"es*ty (?), n. [L. immodestia: cf. F. immodestie.] Want of modesty, delicacy, or decent reserve; indecency. "A piece of immodesty." Pope.

Im"mo*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immolating.] [L. immolatus, p. p. of immolare to sacrifice, orig., to sprinkle a victim with sacrifical meal; pref. im- in + mola grits or grains of spelt coarsely ground and mixed with salt; also, mill. See Molar, Meal ground grain.] To sacrifice; to offer in sacrifice; to kill, as a sacrificial victim.

Worshipers, who not only immolate to them [the deities] the lives of men, but . . . the virtue and honor of women.
Boyle.

Im`mo*la"tion (?), n. [L. immolatio: cf. F. immolation.] 1. The act of immolating, or the state of being immolated, or sacrificed. Sir. T. Browne.

2. That which is immolated; a sacrifice.

Im"mo*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who offers in sacrifice; specifically, one of a sect of Russian fanatics who practice self-mutilation and sacrifice.

{ Im*mold", Im*mould" } (?), v. t. To mold into shape, or form. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

Im*mo"ment (?), a. [See Immomentous.] Trifling. [R.] "Immoment toys." Shak.

Im`mo*men"tous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + momentous.] Not momentous; unimportant; insignificant. [R.] A. Seward.

Im*mor"al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + moral: cf. F. immoral.] Not moral; inconsistent with rectitude, purity, or good morals; contrary to conscience or the divine law; wicked; unjust; dishonest; vicious; licentious; as, an immoral man; an immoral deed.

Syn. -- Wicked; sinful; criminal; vicious; unjust; dishonest; depraved; impure; unchaste; profligate; dissolute; abandoned; licentious; lewd; obscene.

Im`mo*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immoralities (#). [Cf. F. immoralité.] 1. The state or quality of being immoral; vice.

The root of all immorality.
Sir W. Temple.

2. An immoral act or practice.

Luxury and sloth and then a great drove of heresies and immoralities broke loose among them.
Milton.

Im*mor"al*ly (?), adv. In an immoral manner; wickedly.

Im`mo*rig"er*ous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + morigerous.] Rude; uncivil; disobedient. [Obs.] -- Im`mo*rig"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Im*mor"tal (?), a. [L. immortalis; pref. im- not + mortalis mortal: cf. F. immortel. See Mortal, and cf. Immortelle.] 1. Not mortal; exempt from liability to die; undying; imperishable; lasting forever; having unlimited, or eternal, existance.

Unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible.
1 Tim. i. 17.

For my soul, what can it do to that,
Being a thing immortal as itself?
Shak.

2. Connected with, or pertaining to immortality.

I have immortal longings in me.
Shak.

3. Destined to live in all ages of this world; abiding; exempt from oblivion; imperishable; as, immortal fame.

One of the few, immortal names,
That were not born to die.
Halleck.

4. Great; excessive; grievous. [Obs.] Hayward.

Immortal flowers, immortelles; everlastings.

Syn. -- Eternal; everlasting; never-ending; ceaseless; perpetual; continual; enduring; endless; imperishable; incorruptible; deathless; undying.

Im*mor"tal (?), n. One who will never cease to be; one exempt from death, decay, or annihilation. Bunyan.

Im*mor"tal*ist, n. One who holds the doctrine of the immortality of the soul. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Im`mor*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immortalities (#). [L. immortalitas: cf. F. immortalité.] 1. The quality or state of being immortal; exemption from death and annihilation; unending existance; as, the immortality of the soul.

This mortal must put on immortality.
1 Cor. xv. 53.

2. Exemption from oblivion; perpetuity; as, the immortality of fame.

Im*mor`tal*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of immortalizing, or state of being immortalized.

Im*mor"tal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immortalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immortalizing (?).] [Cf. F. immortaliser.] 1. To render immortal; to cause to live or exist forever. S. Clarke.

2. To exempt from oblivion; to perpetuate in fame.

Alexander had no Homer to immortalize his guilty name.
T. Dawes.

Im*mor"tal*ize, v. i. To become immortal. [R.]

Im*mor"tal*ly, adv. In an immortal manner.

Im`mor*telle" (?), n.; pl. Immortelles (#). [F. See Immortal.] (Bot.) A plant with a conspicuous, dry, unwithering involucre, as the species of Antennaria, Helichrysum, Gomphrena, etc. See Everlasting.

Im*mor`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. Failure to mortify the passions. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Im*mov"a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being immovable; fixedness; steadfastness; as, immovability of a heavy body; immovability of purpose.

Im*mov"a*ble (?), a. 1. Incapable of being moved; firmly fixed; fast; -- used of material things; as, an immovable foundation.

Immovable, infixed, and frozen round.
Milton.

2. Steadfast; fixed; unalterable; unchangeable; -- used of the mind or will; as, an immovable purpose, or a man who remains immovable.

3. Not capable of being affected or moved in feeling or by sympathy; unimpressible; impassive. Dryden.

4. (Law.) Not liable to be removed; permanent in place or tenure; fixed; as, an immovable estate. See Immovable, n. Blackstone.

Immovable apparatus (Med.), an appliance, like the plaster of paris bandage, which keeps fractured parts firmly in place. -- Immovable feasts (Eccl.), feasts which occur on a certain day of the year and do not depend on the date of Easter; as, Christmas, the Epiphany, etc.

Im*mov"a*ble, n. 1. That which can not be moved.

2. pl. (Civil Law) Lands and things adherent thereto by nature, as trees; by the hand of man, as buildings and their accessories; by their destination, as seeds, plants, manure, etc.; or by the objects to which they are applied, as servitudes. Ayliffe. Bouvier.

Im*mov"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being immovable.

Im*mov"a*bly, adv. In an immovable manner.

Im*mund" (?), a. [L. immundus; pref. im- not + mundus clean.] Unclean. [R.] Burton.

Im`mun*dic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. immondicité, L. immunditia, immundities.] Uncleanness; filthiness. [R.] W. Montagu.

Im*mune" (?), a. [L. immunis. See Immunity.] Exempt; protected by inoculation. -- Im*mu"nize (#), v. t.

Im*mu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Immunities (#). [L. immunitas, fr. immunis free from a public service; pref. im- not + munis complaisant, obliging, cf. munus service, duty: cf. F. immunité. See Common, and cf. Mean, a.] 1. Freedom or exemption from any charge, duty, obligation, office, tax, imposition, penalty, or service; a particular privilege; as, the immunities of the free cities of Germany; the immunities of the clergy.

2. Freedom; exemption; as, immunity from error.

Im*mure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immuring.] [Pref. im- in + mure: cf. F. emmurer.] 1. To wall around; to surround with walls. [Obs.] Sandys.

2. To inclose whithin walls, or as within walls; hence, to shut up; to imprison; to incarcerate.

Those tender babes
Whom envy hath immured within your walls.
Shak.

This huge convex of fire,
Outrageous to devour, immures us round.
Milton.

Im*mure", n. A wall; an inclosure. [Obs.] Shak.

Im*mure"ment (?), n. The act of immuring, or the state of being immured; imprisonment.

Im*mu"sic*al (?), a. Inharmonious; unmusical; discordant. Bacon.

Im*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. immutabilitas: cf. F. immutabilité.] The state or quality of being immutable; immutableness. Heb. vi. 17.

Im*mu"ta*ble (?), a. [L. immutabilis; pref. im- not + mutabilis mutable. See Mutable.] Not mutable; not capable or susceptible of change; unchangeable; unalterable.

That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation.
Heb. vi. 18.

Immutable, immortal, infinite,
Eternal King.
Milton.

-- Im*mu"ta*ble*ness, n. -- Im*mu"ta*bly, adv.

Im*mu"tate (&ibreve;m*mū"t&asl;t), a. [L. immutatus, p. p. of immature.] Unchanged. [Obs.]

Im"mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. immutatio, from immutare, immutatum, to change. See Immute.] Change; alteration; mutation. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Im*mute" (&ibreve;m*mūt"), v. t. [L. immutare, immutatum; perf. im- in + mutare to change : cf. OF. immuter.] To change or alter. [Obs.] J. Salkeld.

Imp (&ibreve;mp), n. [OE. imp a graft, AS. impa; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ymp, prob. fr. LL. impotus, Gr. &?; engrafted, innate, fr. &?; to implant; &?; in + &?; to produce; akin to E. be. See 1st In-, Be.] 1. A shoot; a scion; a bud; a slip; a graft. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. An offspring; progeny; child; scion. [Obs.]

The tender imp was weaned.
Fairfax.

3. A young or inferior devil; a little, malignant spirit; a puny demon; a contemptible evil worker.

To mingle in the clamorous fray
Of squabbling imps.
Beattie.

4. Something added to, or united with, another, to lengthen it out or repair it, -- as, an addition to a beehive; a feather inserted in a broken wing of a bird; a length of twisted hair in a fishing line. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Imp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imping.] [AS. impian to imp, ingraft, plant; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ympa, OHG. impfōn, impitōn, G. impfen. See Imp, n.] 1. To graft; to insert as a scion. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

2. (Falconry) To graft with new feathers, as a wing; to splice a broken feather. Hence, Fig.: To repair; to extend; to increase; to strengthen; to equip. [Archaic]

Imp out our drooping country's broken wing.
Shak.

Who lazily imp their wings with other men's plumes.
Fuller.

Here no frail Muse shall imp her crippled wing.
Holmes.

Help, ye tart satirists, to imp my rage
With all the scorpions that should whip this age.
Cleveland.

Im*pa"ca*ble (?), a. [L. pref. im- not + pacare to quiet. See Pacate.] Not to be appeased or quieted. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Im*pa"ca*bly, adv.

Im*pack"ment (?), n. [Pref. im- in + pack.] The state of being closely surrounded, crowded, or pressed, as by ice. [R.] Kane.

Im*pact" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impacting.] [L. impactus, p. p. of impingere to push, strike against. See Impinge.] To drive close; to press firmly together: to wedge into a place. Woodward.

Im"pact (?), n. 1. Contact or impression by touch; collision; forcible contact; force communicated.

The quarrel, by that impact driven.
Southey.

2. (Mech.) The single instantaneous stroke of a body in motion against another either in motion or at rest.

Im*pact"ed (?), a. Driven together or close.

Impacted fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the fragments are driven into each other so as to be immovable.

Im*pac"tion (?), n. [L. impactio a striking : cf. F. impaction.] 1. (Surg.) The driving of one fragment of bone into another so that the fragments are not movable upon each other; as, impaction of the skull or of the hip.

2. An immovable packing; (Med.), a lodgment of something in a strait or passage of the body; as, impaction of the fetal head in the strait of the pelvis; impaction of food or feces in the intestines of man or beast.

Im*paint" (?), v. t. To paint; to adorn with colors. [R.] "To impaint his cause." Shak.

Im*pair" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impairing.] [Written also empair.] [OE. empeiren, enpeiren, OF. empeirier, empirier, F. empirer, LL. impejorare; L. pref. im- in + pejorare to make worse, fr. pejor worse. Cf. Appair.] To make worse; to diminish in quantity, value, excellence, or strength; to deteriorate; as, to impair health, character, the mind, value.

Time sensibly all things impairs.
Roscommon.

In years he seemed, but not impaired by years.
Pope.

Syn. -- To diminish; decrease; injure; weaken; enfeeble; debilitate; reduce; debase; deteriorate.

Im*pair", v. t. To grow worse; to deteriorate. Milton.

Im"pair (?), a. [F. impair uneven, L. impar; im- not + par equal.] Not fit or appropriate. [Obs.]

Im*pair" (?), n. Diminution; injury. [Obs.]

Im*pair"er (?), n. One who, or that which, impairs.

Im*pair"ment (?), n. [OE. enpeirement, OF. empirement.] The state of being impaired; injury. "The impairment of my health." Dryden.

Im*pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. Unpalatable. [R.]

Im*pale" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impaling.] [See 2d Empale.] 1. To pierce with a pale; to put to death by fixing on a sharp stake. See Empale.

Then with what life remains, impaled, and left
To writhe at leisure round the bloody stake.
Addison.

2. To inclose, as with pales or stakes; to surround.

Impale him with your weapons round about.
Shak.

Impenetrable, impaled with circling fire.
Milton.

3. (Her.) To join, as two coats of arms on one shield, palewise; hence, to join in honorable mention.

Ordered the admission of St. Patrick to the same to be matched and impaled with the blessed Virgin in the honor thereof.
Fuller.

Im*pale"ment (?), n. 1. The act of impaling, or the state of being impaled. Byron.

2. An inclosing by stakes or pales, or the space so inclosed. H. Brooke.

3. That which hedges in; inclosure. [R.] Milton.

4. (Her.) The division of a shield palewise, or by a vertical line, esp. for the purpose of putting side by side the arms of husband and wife. See Impale, 3.

Im*pal"la (?), n. (Zoöl.) The pallah deer of South Africa.

Im*pal"lid (?), v. t. To make pallid; to blanch. [Obs.] Feltham.

Im*palm" (?), v. t. To grasp with or hold in the hand. [R.] J. Barlow.

Im*pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impalpabilité.] The quality of being impalpable. Jortin.

Im*pal"pa*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + palpable: cf. F. impalpable.] 1. Not palpable; that cannot be felt; extremely fine, so that no grit can be perceived by touch. "Impalpable powder." Boyle.

2. Not material; intangible; incorporeal. "Impalpable, void, and bodiless." Holland.

3. Not apprehensible, or readily apprehensible, by the mind; unreal; as, impalpable distinctions.

Im*pal"pa*bly, adv. In an impalpable manner.

Im*pal"sy (?), v. t. To palsy; to paralyze; to deaden. [R.]

Im*pa"nate (?), a. [LL. impanatus, p. p. of impanare to impanate; L. pref. im- in + panis bread.] Embodied in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.] Cranmer.

Im*pa"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impanated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impanating.] To embody in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.]

Im"pa*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. impanation. See Impanate, a.] (Eccl.) Embodiment in bread; the supposed real presence and union of Christ's material body and blood with the substance of the elements of the eucharist without a change in their nature; -- distinguished from transubstantiation, which supposes a miraculous change of the substance of the elements. It is akin to consubstantiation.

Im*pa"na*tor (?), n. [LL.] (Eccl.) One who holds the doctrine of impanation.

Im*pan"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaneled (?) or Impanelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Impaneling or Impanelling.] [Pref. im- in + panel. Cf. Empanel.] [Written also empanel.] To enter in a list, or on a piece of parchment, called a panel; to form or enroll, as a list of jurors in a court of justice. Blackstone.

Im*pan"el*ment (?), n. The act or process of impaneling, or the state of being impaneled.

Im*par"a*dise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparadised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imparadising (?).] [Pref. im- + paradise: cf. F. emparadiser.] To put in a state like paradise; to make supremely happy. "Imparadised in one another's arms." Milton.

Im*par"al*leled (?), a. Unparalleled. [Obs.]

Im*par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impardonnable.] Unpardonable. [Obs.] South.

Im*par`i*dig"i*tate (?), a. [L. impar unequal + digitus finger.] (Anat.) Having an odd number of fingers or toes, either one, three, or five, as in the horse, tapir, rhinoceros, etc.

Im*par"i*pin"nate (?), a. [L. impar unequal + E. pinnate.] (Bot.) Pinnate with a single terminal leaflet.

Im*par"i*syl*lab"ic (?), a. [L. impar unequal + E. syllabic: cf. F. imparisyllabique.] (Gram.) Not consisting of an equal number of syllables; as, an imparisyllabic noun, one which has not the same number of syllables in all the cases; as, lapis, lapidis; mens, mentis.

Im*par"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- + parity: cf. F. imparité.] 1. Inequality; disparity; disproportion; difference of degree, rank, excellence, number, etc. Milton.

2. Lack of comparison, correspondence, or suitableness; incongruity.

In this region of merely intellectual notion we are at once encountered by the imparity of the object and the faculty employed upon it.
I. Taylor.

3. Indivisibility into equal parts; oddness. [R.]

Im*park" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparked (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Imparking.] [Cf. Empark.] To inclose for a park; to sever from a common; hence, to inclose or shut up.

They . . . impark them [the sheep] within hurdles.
Holland.

Im*parl" (?), v. i. [OF. emparler; pref. em- (L. in) + parler to speak. See In, prep., and Parley.] 1. To hold discourse; to parley. [Obs.] Sir. T. North.

2. (Law) To have time before pleading; to have delay for mutual adjustment. Blackstone.

Im*par"lance (?), n. [Cf. Emparlance, Parlance.] [Written also inparliance.] 1. Mutual discourse; conference. [Obs.]

2. (Law) (a) Time given to a party to talk or converse with his opponent, originally with the object of effecting, if possible, an amicable adjustment of the suit. The actual object, however, has long been merely to obtain further time to plead, or answer to the allegations of the opposite party. (b) Hence, the delay or continuance of a suit.

&fist; Imparlance and continuance by imparlance have been abolished in England. Wharton (Law Dict. ).

Im*par`son*ee" (?), a. [OF. empersone. See 1st In-, and Parson.] (Eng. Eccl. Law) Presented, instituted, and inducted into a rectory, and in full possession. -- n. A clergyman so inducted.

Im*part" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imparting.] [OF. impartir, empartir, L. impartire, impertire; pref. im- in + partire to part, divide, fr. pars, partis, part, share. See Part, n. ] 1. To bestow a share or portion of; to give, grant, or communicate; to allow another to partake in; as, to impart food to the poor; the sun imparts warmth.

Well may he then to you his cares impart.
Dryden.

2. To obtain a share of; to partake of. [R.] Munday.

3. To communicate the knowledge of; to make known; to show by words or tokens; to tell; to disclose.

Gentle lady,
When I did first impart my love to you.
Shak.

Syn. -- To share; yield; confer; convey; grant; give; reveal; disclose; discover; divulge. See Communicate.

Im*part" (?), v. i. 1. To give a part or share.

He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none.
Luke iii. 11.

2. To hold a conference or consultation. Blackstone.

Im*part"ance (?), n. Impartation.

Im`par*ta"tion (?), n. The act of imparting, or the thing imparted.

The necessity of this impartation.
I. Taylor.

Im*part"er (?), n. One who imparts.

Im*par"tial (?), a. [Pref. im- not + partial: cf. F. impartial.] Not partial; not favoring one more than another; treating all alike; unprejudiced; unbiased; disinterested; equitable; fair; just. Shak.

Jove is impartial, and to both the same.
Dryden.

A comprehensive and impartial view.
Macaulay.

Im*par"tial*ist, n. One who is impartial. [R.] Boyle.

Im*par`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impartialité.] The quality of being impartial; freedom from bias or favoritism; disinterestedness; equitableness; fairness; as, impartiality of judgment, of treatment, etc.

Impartiality strips the mind of prejudice and passion.
South.

Im*par"tial*ly (?), a. In an impartial manner.

Im*par"tial*ness, n. Impartiality. Sir W. Temple.

Im*part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impartible; communicability. Blackstone.

Im*part`i*bil"i*ty, n. [Cf. F. impartibilité.] The quality of being incapable of division into parts; indivisibility. Holland.

Im*part"i*ble (?), a. [From Impart.] Capable of being imparted or communicated.

Im*part"i*ble, a. [Pref. im- not + partible: cf. F. impartible.] Not partible; not subject to partition; indivisible; as, an impartible estate. Blackstone.

Im*part"ment (?), n. The act of imparting, or that which is imparted, communicated, or disclosed. [R.]

It beckons you to go away with it,
As if it some impartment did desire
To you alone.
Shak.

Im*pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. Unpassable.] Incapable of being passed; not admitting a passage; as, an impassable road, mountain, or gulf. Milton. -- Im*pass"a*ble*ness, n. - - Im*pass"a*bly, adv.

Im*pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), a. [L. impassibilitas: cf. F. impassibilité.] The quality or condition of being impassible; insusceptibility of injury from external things.

Im*pas"si*ble (?), a. [L. impassibilis; pref. im- not + passibilis passable: cf. F. impassible. See Passible.] Incapable of suffering; inaccessible to harm or pain; not to be touched or moved to passion or sympathy; unfeeling, or not showing feeling; without sensation. "Impassible to the critic." Sir W. Scott.

Secure of death, I should contemn thy dart
Though naked, and impassible depart.
Dryden.

Im*pas"si*ble*ness, n. Impassibility.

Im*pas"sion (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + passion. Cf. Empassion, Impassionate, v.] To move or affect strongly with passion. [Archaic] Chapman.

Im*pas"sion*a*ble (?), a. Excitable; susceptible of strong emotion.

Im*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Strongly affected. Smart.

Im*pas"sion*ate (?), v. t. To affect powerfully; to arouse the passions of. Dr. H. More.

Im*pas"sion*ate (?), a. [Pref. im- not + passionate.] Without passion or feeling. Burton.

Im*pas"sioned (?), p. p. & a. Actuated or characterized by passion or zeal; showing warmth of feeling; ardent; animated; excited; as, an impassioned orator or discourse.

Im*pas"sive (?), a. Not susceptible of pain or suffering; apathetic; impassible; unmoved.

Impassive as the marble in the quarry.
De Quincey.

On the impassive ice the lightings play.
Pope.

-- Im*pas"sive*ly, adv. -- Im*pas"sive*ness, n.

Im`pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being insusceptible of feeling, pain, or suffering; impassiveness.

Im`pas*ta"tion (?), n. [F. See Impaste.] The act of making into paste; that which is formed into a paste or mixture; specifically, a combination of different substances by means of cements.

Im*paste" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impasting.] [Pref. im- in + paste: cf. It. impastare, OF. empaster, F. empâter. See 1st In- and Paste.] 1. To knead; to make into paste; to concrete. "Blood . . . baked and impasted." Shak.

2. (Paint.) To lay color on canvas by uniting them skillfully together. [R.] Cf. Impasto.

Im*past"ing, (Paint.) The laying on of colors to produce impasto.

Im*pas"to (?), n. [It. See Impaste.] (Paint.) The thickness of the layer or body of pigment applied by the painter to his canvas with especial reference to the juxtaposition of different colors and tints in forming a harmonious whole. Fairholt.

Im*pas"ture (?), v. t. To place in a pasture; to foster. [R.] T. Adams.

Im*pat"i*ble (?), a. [L. impatibilis; pref. im- not + patibilis supportable. See Patible.] 1. Not capable of being borne; impassible.

A spirit, and so impatible of material fire.
Fuller.

Im*pa"tience (?) n. [OE. impacience, F. impatience, fr. L. impatientia.] The quality of being impatient; want of endurance of pain, suffering, opposition, or delay; eagerness for change, or for something expected; restlessness; chafing of spirit; fretfulness; passion; as, the impatience of a child or an invalid.

I then, . . .
Out of my grief and my impatience,
Answered neglectingly.
Shak.

With huge impatience he inly swelt
More for great sorrow that he could not pass,
Than for the burning torment which he felt.
Spenser.

Im*pa"tien*cy (&ibreve;m*p&amc;"shen*s&ybreve;), n. Impatience. [Obs.]

||Im*pa"ti*ens (-sh&ibreve;*&ebreve;nz), n. [L., impatient.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, several species of which have very beautiful flowers; -- so called because the elastic capsules burst when touched, and scatter the seeds with considerable force. Called also touch-me-not, jewelweed, and snapweed. I. Balsamina (sometimes called lady's slipper) is the common garden balsam.

Im*pa"tient (?), a. [OE. impacient, F. impatient, fr. L. impatiens; pref. im- not + patiens patient. See Patient.] 1. Not patient; not bearing with composure; intolerant; uneasy; fretful; restless, because of pain, delay, or opposition; eager for change, or for something expected; hasty; passionate; -- often followed by at, for, of, and under.

A violent, sudden, and impatient necessity.
Jer. Taylor.

Fame, impatient of extremes, decays
Not more by envy than excess of praise.
Pope.

The impatient man will not give himself time to be informed of the matter that lies before him.
Addison.

Dryden was poor and impatient of poverty.
Macaulay.

2. Not to be borne; unendurable. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Prompted by, or exhibiting, impatience; as, impatient speeches or replies. Shak.

Syn. -- Restless; uneasy; changeable; hot; eager; fretful; intolerant; passionate.

Im*pa"tient, n. One who is impatient. [R.]

Im*pa"tient*ly, adv. In an impatient manner.

Im*pat`ron*i*za"tion (?), n. Absolute seignory or possession; the act of investing with such possession. [R.] Cotgrave.

Im*pat"ron*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impatronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impatronizing (?).] To make lord or master; as, to impatronize one's self of a seigniory. [R.] Bacon.

Im*pave" (?), v. t. To pave. [Poetic]

Impaved with rude fidelity
Of art mosaic.
Wordsworth.

Im*pav"id (?), a. [L. impavidus. See In- not, and Pavid.] Fearless. -- Im*pav"id*ly, adv.

Im*pawn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impawning.] [Pref. im- + pawn: cf. Empawn.] To put in pawn; to pledge. Shak.

Im*peach" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impeaching.] [OE. empeechier to prevent, hinder, bar, F. empêcher, L. impedicare to entangle; pref. im- in + pedica fetter, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and Appeach, Dispatch, Impede.] 1. To hinder; to impede; to prevent. [Obs.]

These ungracious practices of his sons did impeach his journey to the Holy Land.
Sir J. Davies.

A defluxion on my throat impeached my utterance.
Howell.

2. To charge with a crime or misdemeanor; to accuse; especially to charge (a public officer), before a competent tribunal, with misbehavior in office; to cite before a tribunal for judgment of official misconduct; to arraign; as, to impeach a judge. See Impeachment.

3. Hence, to charge with impropriety; to dishonor; to bring discredit on; to call in question; as, to impeach one's motives or conduct.

And doth impeach the freedom of the state.
Shak.

4. (Law) To challenge or discredit the credibility of, as of a witness, or the validity of, as of commercial paper.

&fist; When used in law with reference to a witness, the term signifies, to discredit, to show or prove unreliable or unworthy of belief; when used in reference to the credit of witness, the term denotes, to impair, to lessen, to disparage, to destroy. The credit of a witness may be impeached by showing that he has made statements out of court contradictory to what he swears at the trial, or by showing that his reputation for veracity is bad, etc.

Syn. -- To accuse; arraign; censure; criminate; indict; impair; disparage; discredit. See Accuse.

Im*peach", n. Hindrance; impeachment. [Obs.]

Im*peach"a*ble (?), a. That may be impeached; liable to impeachment; chargeable with a crime.

Owners of lands in fee simple are not impeachable for waste.
Z. Swift.

Im*peach"er (?), n. One who impeaches.

Im*peach"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. empêchement.] The act of impeaching, or the state of being impeached; as: (a) Hindrance; impediment; obstruction. [Obs.]

Willing to march on to Calais,
Without impeachment.
Shak.

(b) A calling to account; arraignment; especially, of a public officer for maladministration.

The consequence of Coriolanus' impeachment had like to have been fatal to their state.
Swift.

(c) A calling in question as to purity of motives, rectitude of conduct, credibility, etc.; accusation; reproach; as, an impeachment of motives. Shak.

&fist; In England, it is the privilege or right of the House of Commons to impeach, and the right of the House of Lords to try and determine impeachments. In the United States, it is the right of the House of Representatives to impeach, and of the Senate to try and determine impeachments.

Articles of impeachment. See under Article. -- Impeachment of waste (Law), restraint from, or accountability for, injury; also, a suit for damages for injury. Abbott.

Im*pearl" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impearled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impearling.] [Pref. im- in + pearl: cf. F. emperler.] 1. To form into pearls, or into that which resembles pearls. [Poetic]

Dewdrops which the sun
Impearls on every leaf and every flower.
Milton.

2. To decorate as with pearls or with anything resembling pearls. [Poetic]

With morning dews impearled.
Mrs. Browning.

The dews of the morning impearl every thorn.
R. Digby.

Im*pec`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impeccabilité.] The quality of being impeccable; exemption from sin, error, or offense.

Infallibility and impeccability are two of his attributes.
Pope.

Im*pec"ca*ble (?), a. [L. impeccabilis; pref. im- not + peccare to err, to sin: cf. F. impeccable.] Not liable to sin; exempt from the possibility of doing wrong. -- n. One who is impeccable; esp., one of a sect of Gnostic heretics who asserted their sinlessness.

God is infallible, impeccable, and absolutely perfect.
P. Skelton.

Im*pec"can*cy (?), n. Sinlessness. Bp. Hall.

Im*pec"cant (?), a. Sinless; impeccable. Byron.

Im`pe*cu`ni*os"i*ty (?), n. The state of being impecunious. Thackeray. Sir W. Scott.

Im"pe*cu"ni*ous (?), a. [L. im- not + pecunia money: cf. F. impécunieux.] Not having money; habitually without money; poor.

An impecunious creature.
B. Jonson.

Im*pede" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impeding.] [L. impedire, lit., to entangle the feet; pref. im- in + pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Impeach.] To hinder; to stop in progress; to obstruct; as, to impede the advance of troops.

Whatever hinders or impedes
The action of the nobler will.
Logfellow.

Im*ped"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being impeded or hindered. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Im*ped"i*ment (?), n. [L. impedimentum: cf. F. impediment.] That which impedes or hinders progress, motion, activity, or effect.

Thus far into the bowels of the land
Have we marched on without impediment.
Shak.

Impediment in speech, a defect which prevents distinct utterance.

Syn. -- Hindrance; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; incumbrance. -- Impediment, Obstacle, Difficulty, Hindrance. An impediment literally strikes against our feet, checking our progress, and we remove it. An obstacle rises before us in our path, and we surmount or remove it. A difficulty sets before us something hard to be done, and we encounter it and overcome it. A hindrance holds us back for a time, but we break away from it.

The eloquence of Demosthenes was to Philip of Macedon, a difficulty to be met with his best resources, an obstacle to his own ambition, and an impediment in his political career.
C. J. Smith.

Im*ped"i*ment, v. t. To impede. [R.] Bp. Reynolds.

Im*ped`i*men"tal (?), a. Of the nature of an impediment; hindering; obstructing; impeditive.

Things so impedimental to success.
G. H. Lewes.

Im"pe*dite (?), a. [L. impeditus, p. p. See Impede.] Hindered; obstructed. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Im"pe*dite, v. t. To impede. [Obs.] Boyle.

Im"pe*di"tion (?), n. [L. impeditio.] A hindering; a hindrance. [Obs.] Baxier.

Im*ped"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. impéditif.] Causing hindrance; impeding. "Cumbersome, and impeditive of motion." Bp. Hall.

Im*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impelling.] [L. impellere; pref. im- in + pellere, pulsum, to drive. See Pulse a beat, and cf. Impulse.] To drive or urge forward or on; to press on; to incite to action or motion in any way.

The surge impelled me on a craggy coast.
Pope.

Syn. -- To instigate; incite; induce; influence; force; drive; urge; actuate; move.

Im*pel"lent (?), a. [L. impellens, p. pr. of impellere.] Having the quality of impelling.

Im*pel"lent, n. An impelling power or force. Glanvill.

Im*pel"ler (?), n. One who, or that which, impels.

Im*pen" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impenned (?) and Impent (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Impenning.] To shut up or inclose, as in a pen. Feltham.

Im*pend" (?), v. t. [L. impend&ebreve;re; pref. im- in + pend&ebreve;re to weigh out, pay.] To pay. [Obs.] Fabyan.

Im*pend", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Impended; p. pr. & vb. n. Impending.] [L. impendēre; pref. im- in + pendēre to hang. See Pendant.] To hang over; to be suspended above; to threaten from near at hand; to menace; to be imminent. See Imminent.

Destruction sure o'er all your heads impends.
Pope.

{ Im*pend"ence (?), Im*pend"en*cy (?), } n. The state of impending; also, that which impends. "Impendence of volcanic cloud." Ruskin.

Im*pend"ent (?), a. [L. impendens, p. pr. of impendēre.] Impending; threatening.

Impendent horrors, threatening hideous fall.
Milton.

Im*pend"ing, a. Hanging over; overhanging; suspended so as to menace; imminet; threatening.

An impending brow.
Hawthorne.

And nodding Ilion waits th' impending fall.
Pope.

Syn. -- Imminent; threatening. See Imminent.

Im*pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impénétrabilité.] 1. Quality of being impenetrable.

2. (Physics) That property in virtue of which two portions of matter can not at the same time occupy the same portion of space.

3. Insusceptibility of intellectual or emotional impression; obtuseness; stupidity; coldness.

Im*pen"e*tra*ble (?), a. [L. impenetrabilis; pref. im- not + penetrabilis penetrable: cf. F. impénétrable.] 1. Incapable of being penetrated or pierced; not admitting the passage of other bodies; not to be entered; impervious; as, an impenetrable shield.

Highest woods impenetrable
To star or sunlight.
Milton.

2. (Physics) Having the property of preventing any other substance from occupying the same space at the same time.

3. Inaccessible, as to knowledge, reason, sympathy, etc.; unimpressible; not to be moved by arguments or motives; as, an impenetrable mind, or heart.

They will be credulous in all affairs of life, but impenetrable by a sermon of the gospel.
Jer. Taylor.

Im*pen"e*tra*ble*ness (?), n. The quality of being impenetrable; impenetrability.

Im*pen"e*tra*bly, adv. In an impenetrable manner or state; imperviously. "Impenetrably armed." Milton. "Impenetrably dull." Pope.

Im*pen"i*tence (?), n. [L. impenitentia: cf. F. impénitence.] The condition of being impenitent; failure or refusal to repent; hardness of heart.

He will advance from one degree of wickedness and impenitence to another.
Rogers.

Im*pen"i*ten*cy (?), n. Impenitence. Milton.

Im*pen"i*tent (?), a. [L. impaenitens; pref. im- not + paenitens penitens: cf. F. impénitent. See Penitent.] Not penitent; not repenting of sin; not contrite; of a hard heart. "They . . . died impenitent." Milton. "A careless and impenitent heart." Bp. Hall.

Im*pen"i*tent, n. One who is not penitent. [R.]

Im*pen"i*tent*ly, adv. Without repentance.

Im*pen"nate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Characterized by short wings covered with feathers resembling scales, as the penguins. -- n. One of the Impennes.

||Im*pen"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pref. im- not + penna feather.] (Zoöl.) An order of birds, including only the penguins, in which the wings are without quills, and not suited for flight.

Im*pen"nous (?) a. [L. pref. im- not + penna wing.] (Zoöl.) Having no wings, as some insects.

Im*peo"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeopled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impeopling (?).] [See Empeople.] To people; to give a population to. [Obs.]

Thou hast helped to impeople hell.
Beaumont.

Im"pe*rant (?), a. [L. imperans, p. pr. of imperare to command.] Commanding. [R.] Baxter.

Im"pe*rate (?), a. [L. imperatus, p. p. of imperare to command.] Done by express direction; not involuntary; communded. [Obs.]

Those imperate acts, wherein we see the empire of the soul.
Sir M. Hale.

Im*per`a*ti"val (?), a. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to the imperative mood.

Im*per"a*tive (?), a. [L. imperativus, fr. imperare to command; pref. im- in + parare to make ready, prepare: cf. F. impératif. See Perade, and cf. Empire.] 1. Expressive of command; containing positive command; authoritatively or absolutely directive; commanding; authoritative; as, imperative orders.

The suit of kings are imperative.
Bp. Hall.

2. Not to be avoided or evaded; obligatory; binding; compulsory; as, an imperative duty or order.

3. (Gram.) Expressive of commund, entreaty, advice, or exhortation; as, the imperative mood.

Im*per"a*tive, n. (Gram.) The imperative mood; also, a verb in the imperative mood.

Im*per"a*tive*ly, adv. In an imperative manner.

||Im`pe*ra"tor (?), n. [L. See Emperor.] (Rom. Antiq.) A commander; a leader; an emperor; -- originally an appellation of honor by which Roman soldiers saluted their general after an important victory. Subsequently the title was conferred as a recognition of great military achievements by the senate, whence it carried wiht it some special privileges. After the downfall of the Republic it was assumed by Augustus and his successors, and came to have the meaning now attached to the word emperor.

Im*per`a*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. imperatorius.] 1. Commanding; imperative; authoritative.

2. Of or pertaining to the title or office of imperator. "Imperatorial laurels." C. Merivale.

Im*per`a*to"ri*an (?), a. Imperial. [R.] Gauden.

Im*per"a*to*ry (?), a. Imperative. [R.]

Im`per*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. Imperceptible. [R.] South. -- Im`per*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. Sharp.

Im`per*ceived" (?), a. Not perceived. [Obs.]

Im`per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperceptible.

Im`per*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + perceptible: cf. F. imperceptible.] Not perceptible; not to be apprehended or cognized by the senses; not discernible by the mind; not easily apprehended.

Almost imperceptible to the touch.
Dryden.

Its operation is slow, and in some cases almost imperceptible.
Burke.

-- Im`per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Im`per*cep"ti*bly, adv.

Their . . . subtilty and imperceptibleness.
Sir M. Hale.

Im`per*cep"tion (?), n. Want of perception.

Im`per*cep"tive (?), a. Unable to perceive.

The imperceptive part of the soul.
Dr. H. More.

Im`per*cip"i*ent (?), a. Not perceiving, or not able to perceive. A. Baxter.

Im*per`di*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperdible. [Obs.] Derham.

Im*per"di*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + L. perdere to destroy.] Not destructible. [Obs.] -- Im*per"di*bly, adv. [Obs.]

Im*per"fect (?), a. [L. imperfectus: pref. im- not + perfectus perfect: cf. F imparfait, whence OE. imparfit. See Perfect.] 1. Not perfect; not complete in all its parts; wanting a part; deective; deficient.

Something he left imperfect in the state.
Shak.

Why, then, your other senses grow imperfect.
Shak.

2. Wanting in some elementary organ that is essential to successful or normal activity.

He . . . stammered like a child, or an amazed, imperfect person.
Jer. Taylor.

3. Not fulfilling its design; not realizing an ideal; not conformed to a standard or rule; not satisfying the taste or conscience; esthetically or morally defective.

Nothing imperfect or deficient left
Of all that he created.
Milton.

Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault;
Say rather, man's as perfect as he ought.
Pope.

Imperfect arch, an arch of less than a semicircle; a skew arch. -- Imperfect cadence (Mus.), one not ending with the tonic, but with the dominant or some other chord; one not giving complete rest; a half close. -- Imperfect consonances (Mus.), chords like the third and sixth, whose ratios are less simple than those of the fifth and forth. -- Imperfect flower (Bot.), a flower wanting either stamens or pistils. Gray. -- Imperfect interval (Mus.), one a semitone less than perfect; as, an imperfect fifth. -- Imperfect number (Math.), a number either greater or less than the sum of its several divisors; in the former case, it is called also a defective number; in the latter, an abundant number. -- Imperfect obligations (Law), obligations as of charity or gratitude, which cannot be enforced by law. -- Imperfect power (Math.), a number which can not be produced by taking any whole number or vulgar fraction, as a factor, the number of times indicated by the power; thus, 9 is a perfect square, but an imperfect cube. -- Imperfect tense (Gram.), a tense expressing past time and incomplete action.

Im*per"fect (?), n. (Gram.) The imperfect tense; or the form of a verb denoting the imperfect tense.

Im*per"fect, v. t. To make imperfect. [Obs.]

Im`per*fec`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperfectible. [R.]

Im`per*fec"ti*ble (?), a. Incapable of being made perfect. [R.]

Im`per*fec"tion (?), n. [L. imperfectio: cf. F. imperfection. See Imperfect, a.] The quality or condition of being imperfect; want of perfection; incompleteness; deficiency; fault or blemish.

Sent to my account
With all my imperfections on my head.
Shak.

Syn. -- Defect; deficiency; incompleteness; fault; failing; weakness; frailty; foible; blemish; vice.

Im*per"fect*ness, n. The state of being imperfect.

Im*per"fo*ra*ble (?), a. [See Imperforate.] Incapable of being perforated, or bored through.

||Im*per"fo*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Imperforate.] (Zoöl.) A division of Foraminifera, including those in which the shell is not porous.

{ Im*per"fo*rate (?), Im*per"fo*ra"ted (?), } a. [L. pref. im- not + perforatus, p. p. of perforate to perforate. See Perforate.] Not perforated; having no opening or aperture. Sir J. Banks.

Im*per`fo*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imperforation.] The state of being without perforation.

Im*pe"ri*al (?), a. [OE. emperial, OF. emperial, F. impérial, fr. L. imperialis, fr. imperium command, sovereignty, empire. See Empire.] 1. Of or pertaining to an empire, or to an emperor; as, an imperial government; imperial authority or edict.

The last
That wore the imperial diadem of Rome.
Shak.

2. Belonging to, or suitable to, supreme authority, or one who wields it; royal; sovereign; supreme. "The imperial democracy of Athens." Mitford.

Who, as Ulysses says, opinion crowns
With an imperial voice.
Shak.

To tame the proud, the fetter'd slave to free,
These are imperial arts, and worthy thee.
Dryden.

He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line of battle.
E. Everett.

3. Of superior or unusual size or excellence; as, imperial paper; imperial tea, etc.

Imperial bushel, gallon, etc. See Bushel, Gallon, etc. -- Imperial chamber, the, the sovereign court of the old German empire. -- Imperial city, under the first German empire, a city having no head but the emperor. -- Imperial diet, an assembly of all the states of the German empire. -- Imperial drill. (Manuf.) See under 8th Drill. -- Imperial eagle. (Zoöl.) See Eagle. -- Imperial green. See Paris green, under Green. -- Imperial guard, the royal guard instituted by Napoleon I. - - Imperial weights and measures, the standards legalized by the British Parliament.

Im*pe"ri*al, n. [F. impériale: cf. Sp. imperial.]

1. The tuft of hair on a man's lower lip and chin; -- so called from the style of beard of Napoleon III.

2. An outside seat on a diligence. T. Hughes.

3. A luggage case on the top of a coach. Simmonds.

4. Anything of unusual size or excellence, as a large decanter, a kind of large photograph, a large sheet of drawing, printing, or writing paper, etc.

5. A gold coin of Russia worth ten rubles, or about eight dollars. McElrath.

6. A kind of fine cloth brought into England from Greece. or other Eastern countries, in the Middle Ages.

Im*pe"ri*al*ism (?), n. The power or character of an emperor; imperial authority; the spirit of empire.

Roman imperialism had divided the world.
C. H. Pearson.

Im*pe"ri*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. impérialiste.] One who serves an emperor; one who favors imperialism.

Im*pe`ri*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Imperialities (&?;).

1. Imperial power.

2. An imperial right or privilegs. See Royalty.

The late empress having, by ukases of grace, relinquished her imperialities on the private mines, viz., the tenths of the copper, iron, silver and gold.
W. Tooke.

Im*pe"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imperialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imperializing (?).] To invest with imperial authority, character, or style; to bring to the form of an empire. Fuller.

Im*pe"ri*al*ly, adv. In an imperial manner.

Im*pe"ri*al*ly (?), n. Imperial power. [R.] Sheldon.

Im*per"il (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imperiled (?) or Imperilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Imperiling or Imperilling.] To bring into peril; to endanger.

Im*per"il*ment (?), n. The act of imperiling, or the state of being imperiled.

Im*pe"ri*ous (?), a. [L. imperiosus: cf. F. impérieux. See Imperial.] 1. Commanding; ascendant; imperial; lordly; majestic. [Obs.] "A vast and imperious mind." Tilloison.

Therefore, great lords, be, as your titles witness,
Imperious.
Shak.

2. Haughly; arrogant; overbearing; as, an imperious tyrant; an imperious manner.

This imperious man will work us all
From princes into pages.
Shak.

His bold, contemptuous, and imperious spirit soon made him conspicuous.
Macaulay.

3. Imperative; urgent; compelling.

Imperious need, which can not be withstood.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Dictatorial; haughty; domineering; overbearing; lordly; tyrannical; despotic; arrogant; imperative; authoritative; commanding; pressing. -- Imperious, Lordly, Domineering. One who is imperious exercises his authority in a manner highly offensive for its spirit and tone; one who is lordly assumes a lofty air in order to display his importance; one who is domineering gives orders in a way to make others feel their inferiority.

Im*pe"ri*ous*ly, adv. In an imperious manner.

Im*pe"ri*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being imperious; arrogance; haughtiness.

Imperiousness and severity is but an ill way of treating men who have reason of their own to guide them.
Locke.

Im*per`ish*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imperishable: indstructibility. "The imperishability of the universe." Milman.

Im*per"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + perishable: cf. F. impérissable.] Not perishable; not subject to decay; indestructible; enduring permanently; as, an imperishable monument; imperishable renown. -- Im*per"ish*a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*per"ish*a*bly, adv.

Im*per"i"wigged (?), a. Wearing a periwig.

{ Im*per"ma*nence (?), Im*per"ma*nen*cy (?), } n. lack of permanence.

Im*per"ma*nent (?), a. Not permanent.

Im*per`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + permeability: cf. F. imperméabilité.] The quality of being impermeable.

Im*per"me*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + permeable: cf. F. imperméable, L. impermeabilis.] Not permeable; not permitting passage, as of a fluid. through its substance; impervious; impenetrable; as, India rubber is impermeable to water and to air. -- Im*per"me*a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*per"me*a*bly, adv.

Im`per*mis"si*ble (?), a. Not permissible.

Im`per*scru"ta*ble (?), a. [L. imperscrutabilis.] Not capable of being searched out; inscrutable. [Obs.] -- Im`per*scru"ta*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

Im`per*sev"er*ant (?), a. Not persevering; fickle; thoughtless. [Obs.]

Im*per"son*al (?), a. [L. impersonalis; pref. im- not + personalis personal: cf. F. impersonnel. See Personal.] Not personal; not representing a person; not having personality.

An almighty but impersonal power, called Fate.
Sir J. Stephen.

Impersonal verb (Gram.), a verb used with an indeterminate subject, commonly, in English, with the impersonal pronoun it; as, it rains; it snows; methinks (it seems to me). Many verbs which are not strictly impersonal are often used impersonally; as, it goes well with him.

Im*per"son*al, n. That which wants personality; specifically (Gram.), an impersonal verb.

Im*per`son*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impersonal; want or absence of personality.

Im*per"son*al*ly (?), adv. In an impersonal manner.

Im*per"son*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impersonated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impersonating.] 1. To invest with personality; to endow with the form of a living being.

2. To ascribe the qualities of a person to; to personify.

3. To assume, or to represent, the person or character of; to personate; as, he impersonated Macbeth.

Benedict impersonated his age.
Milman.

{ Im*per`son*a"tion (?), Im`per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), } n. The act of impersonating; personification; investment with personality; representation in a personal form.

Im*per"son*a`tor (?), n. One who impersonates; an actor; a mimic.

Im*per`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. Want of perspicuity or clearness; vagueness; ambiguity.

Im`per*spic"u*ous (?), a. Not perspicuous; not clear; obscure; vague; ambiguous.

Im`per*suad"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. Impersuasible.] Not to be persuaded; obstinate; unyielding; impersuasible. -- Im`per*suad"a*ble*ness, n.

Im`per*sua"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + persuasible: cf. OF. impersuasible.] Not persuasible; not to be moved by persuasion; inflexible; impersuadable. Dr. H. More. -- Im`per*sua`si*bil"i*ty (#), n.

Im*per"ti*nence (?), n. [Cf. F. impertinence. See Impertinent.] 1. The condition or quality of being impertinent; absence of pertinence, or of adaptedness; irrelevance; unfitness.

2. Conduct or language unbecoming the person, the society, or the circumstances; rudeness; incivility.

We should avoid the vexation and impertinence of pedants who affect to talk in a language not to be understood.
Swift.

3. That which is impertinent; a thing out of place, or of no value.

There are many subtile impertinences learned in schools.
Watts.

Im*per"ti*nen*cy (?), n. Impertinence. [R.]

O, matter and impertinency mixed!
Reason in madness!
Shak.

Im*per"ti*nent (?), a. [F., fr. L. impertinens, -entis; pref. im- not + pertinens. See Pertinent.] 1. Not pertinent; not pertaining to the matter in hand; having no bearing on the subject; not to the point; irrelevant; inapplicable.

Things that are impertinent to us.
Tillotson.

How impertinent that grief was which served no end!
Jer. Taylor.

2. Contrary to, or offending against, the rules of propriety or good breeding; guilty of, or prone to, rude, unbecoming, or uncivil words or actions; as, an impertient coxcomb; an impertient remark.

3. Trifing; inattentive; frivolous.

Syn. -- Rude; officious; intrusive; saucy; unmannerly; meddlesome; disrespectful; impudent; insolent. -- Impertinent, Officious, Rude. A person is officious who obtrudes his offices or assistance where they are not needed; he is impertinent when he intermeddles in things with which he has no concern. The former shows a want of tact, the latter a want of breeding, or, more commonly, a spirit of sheer impudence. A person is rude when he violates the proprieties of social life either from ignorance or wantonness. "An impertinent man will ask questions for the mere gratification of curiosity; a rude man will burst into the room of another, or push against his person, inviolant of all decorum; one who is officious is quite as unfortunate as he is troublesome; when he strives to serve, he has the misfortune to annoy." Crabb. See Impudence, and Insolent.

Im*per"ti*nent, n. An impertinent person. [R.]

Im*per"ti*nent*ly, adv. In an impertinent manner. "Not to betray myself impertinently." B. Jonson.

Im`per*tran`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being impertransible. [R.]

Im`per*tran"si*ble (?), a. [L. pref. im- not + pertransire to go through. See Per- and Transient.] Incapable of being passed through. [R.]

Im`per*turb`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperturbable.
[1913 Webster]

Im`per*turb"a*ble (?), a. [L. imperturbabilis; pref. im- not + perturbare to disturb: cf. F. imperturbable. See Perture.] Incapable of being disturbed or disconcerted; as, imperturbable gravity.

Im`per*turb"a*bly, adv. In an imperturbable manner; calmly. C. Bronté.

Im*per`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L. imperturbatio.] Freedom from agitation of mind; calmness; quietude. W. Montagu.

Im`per*turbed" (?), a. Not perturbed.

Im*per`vi*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imperviable.

Im*per"vi*a*ble (?), a. Not pervious; impervious. [R.] -- Im*per"vi*a*ble*ness, n. [R.]

Im*per"vi*ous (?), a. [L. impervius; pref. im- not + per through + via way. See Voyage.] Not pervious; not admitting of entrance or passage through; as, a substance impervious to water or air.

This gulf impassable, impervious.
Milton.

The minds of these zealots were absolutely impervious.
Macaulay.

Syn. -- Impassable; pathless; impenetrable; imperviable; impermeable.

-- Im*per"vi*ous*ly, adv. -- Im*per"vi*ous*ness, n.

Im"per*y (?), n. Empery. [Archaic] Joye.

Im*pest" (?), v. t. To affict with pestilence; to infect, as with plague. [Obs.]

Im*pes"ter (?), v. t. See Pester. [Obs.]

Im`pe*tig"i*nous (?), a. [L. impetiginous: cf. F. impétigineux.] Of the nature of, or pertaining to, impetigo.

||Im`pe*ti"go (?), n. [L., fr. impetere to attack.] (Med.) A cutaneous, pustular eruption, not attended with fever; usually, a kind of eczema with pustulation.

Im"pe*tra*ble (?) a. [L. impetrabilis: cf. F. impétrable. See Impetrate.] Capable of being obtained or moved by petition. [Obs.] Bailey.

Im"pe*trate (?), a. [L. impetratus, p. p. of impetrare to obtain; pref. im- in + patrare to bring to pass.] Obtained by entreaty. [Obs.] Ld. Herbert.

Im"pe*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impetrating (?).] To obtain by request or entreaty. Usher.

Im`pe*tra"tion (?), n. [L. impetratio: cf. F. impétration.] 1. The act of impetrating, or obtaining by petition or entreaty. [Obs.]

In way of impertation procuring the removal or allevation of our crosses.
Barrow.

2. (Old Eng. Law) The obtaining of benefice from Rome by solicitation, which benefice belonged to the disposal of the king or other lay patron of the realm.

Im"pe*tra*tive (?), a. [L. impetrativus obtained by entreaty.] Of the nature of impetration; getting, or tending to get, by entreaty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Im"pe*tra*to*ry (?), a. Containing or expressing entreaty. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Im*pet`u*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impétuosité.] 1. The condition or quality of being impetuous; fury; violence.

2. Vehemence, or furiousnes of temper. Shak.

Im*pet"u*ous (?), a. [F. impetueux, L. impetuosus. See Impetus.] 1. Rushing with force and violence; moving with impetus; furious; forcible; violent; as, an impetuous wind; an impetuous torrent.

Went pouring forward with impetuous speed.
Byron.

2. Vehement in feeling; hasty; passionate; violent; as, a man of impetuous temper.

The people, on their holidays,
Impetuous, insolent, unquenchable.
Milton.

Syn. -- Forcible; rapid; hasty; precipitate; furious; boisterous; violent; raging; fierce; passionate.

-- Im*pet"u*ous*ly, adv. -- Im*pet"u*ous*ness, n.

Im"pe*tus (?), n. [L., fr. impetere to rush upon, attack; pref. im- in + petere to fall upon, seek. See Petition.] 1. A property possessed by a moving body in virtue of its weight and its motion; the force with which any body is driven or impelled; momentum.

&fist; Momentum is the technical term, impetus its popular equivalent, yet differing from it as applied commonly to bodies moving or moved suddenly or violently, and indicating the origin and intensity of the motion, rather than its quantity or effectiveness.

2. Fig.: Impulse; incentive; vigor; force. Buckle.

3. (Gun.) The altitude through which a heavy body must fall to acquire a velocity equal to that with which a ball is discharged from a piece.

Im"pey*an pheas"ant (&ibreve;m"p&ibreve;*an f&ebreve;z"ant). [From Lady Impey, who attempted to naturalize the bird in England.] (Zoöl.) An Indian crested pheasant of the genus Lophophorus. Several species are known. Called also monaul, monal.

&fist; They are remarkable for the bright color and brilliant matallic hues of their plumage. The best known species (L. Impeyanus) has the neck of a brilliant metallic red, changing to golden yellow in certain lights.

Im"phee (&ibreve;m"fē), n. (Bot.) The African sugar cane (Holcus saccharatus), -- resembling the sorghum, or Chinese sugar cane.

Im*pic"tured (&ibreve;m*p&ibreve;k"t&usl;rd; 135), a. Pictured; impressed. [Obs.] Spenser.

Im*pierce" (&ibreve;m*pērs"), v. t. [Pref. im- in + pierce. Cf. Empierce.] To pierce; to penetrate. [Obs.] Drayton.

Im*pierce"a*ble (-&adot;*b'l) a. Not capable of being pierced; impenetrable. [Obs.] Spenser.

Im*pi"e*ty (&ibreve;m*pī"&esl;*t&ybreve;), n.; pl. Impieties (- t&ibreve;z). [L. impietas, fr. impius impious; cf. F. impiété. See Impious, Piety.] 1. The quality of being impious; want of piety; irreverence toward the Supreme Being; ungodliness; wickedness.

2. An impious act; an act of wickedness.

Those impieties for the which they are now visited.
Shak.

Syn. -- Ungodliness; irreligion; unrighteousness; sinfulness; profaneness; wickedness; godlessness.

Im*pig"no*rate (&ibreve;m*p&ibreve;g"n&osl;*rāt), v. t. [LL. impignoratus, p. pl of impignorare to pawn. See Pignoration.] To pledge or pawn. [Obs.] Laing.

Im*pig`no*ra"tion (-rā"shŭn), n. [LL. impignoratio: cf. F. impignoration.] The act of pawning or pledging; the state of being pawned. [Obs.] Bailey.

Imp"ing (&ibreve;mp"&ibreve;ng), n. [See Imp to graft.] 1. The act or process of grafting or mending. [Archaic]

2. (Falconry) The process of repairing broken feathers or a deficient wing.

Im*pinge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impinging (?).] [L. impingere; pref. im- in + pangere to fix, strike; prob. akin to pacisci to agree, contract. See Pact, and cf. Impact.] To fall or dash against; to touch upon; to strike; to hit; to clash with; -- with on or upon.

The cause of reflection is not the impinging of light on the solid or impervious parts of bodies.
Sir I. Newton.

But, in the present order of things, not to be employed without impinging on God's justice.
Bp. Warburton.

Im*pinge"ment (?), n. The act of impinging.

Im*pin"gent (?), a. [L. impingens, p. pr.] Striking against or upon.

Im*pin"guate (?), v. t. [L. impinguatus, p. p. of impinguare to fatten; pref. im- in + pinguis fat.] To fatten; to make fat. [Obs.] Bacon.

Im`pin*gua"tion (?), n. The act of making fat, or the state of being fat or fattened. [Obs.]

Im"pi*ous (?), a. [L. impius; pref. im- not + pius piou. See Pious.] Not pious; wanting piety; irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; profane; wanting in reverence for the Supreme Being; as, an impious deed; impious language.

When vice prevails, and impious men bear away,
The post of honor is a private station.
Addison.

Syn. -- Impious, Irreligious, Profane. Irreligious is negative, impious and profane are positive. An indifferent man may be irreligious; a profane man is irreverent in speech and conduct; an impious man is wickedly and boldly defiant in the strongest sense. Profane also has the milder sense of secular. C. J. Smith.

-- Im"pi*ous*ly, adv. -- Im"pi*ous*ness, n.

Im"pire (?), n. See Umpire. [Obs.] Huloet.

Imp"ish (&ibreve;mp"&ibreve;sh), a. Having the qualities, or showing the characteristics, of an imp.

Imp"ish*ly, adv. In the manner of an imp.

Im*pit"e*ous (?), a. Pitiless; cruel. [Obs.]

Im*pla`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. implacabilitas: cf. F. implacabilité.] The quality or state of being implacable.

Im*pla"ca*ble (?), a. [L. implacabilis; pref. im- not + placabilis: cf. F. implacable. See Placable.] 1. Not placable; not to be appeased; incapable of being pacified; inexorable; as, an implacable prince.

I see thou art implacable.
Milton.

An object of implacable enmity.
Macaulay.

2. Incapable of being relieved or assuaged; inextinguishable. [R.]

O! how I burn with implacable fire.
Spenser.

Which wrought them pain
Implacable, and many a dolorous groan.
Milton.

Syn. -- Unappeasable; inexorable; irreconcilable; unrelenting; relentless; unyielding.

Im*pla"ca*ble*ness (?), n. The quality of being implacable; implacability.

Im*pla"ca*bly, adv. In an implacable manner.

Im`pla*cen"tal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Without a placenta, as marsupials and monotremes. -- n. A mammal having no placenta.

||Im`pla*cen*ta"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See In- not, and Placental.] (Zoöl.) A primary division of the Mammalia, including the monotremes and marsupials, in which no placenta is formed.

Im*plant" (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Implanting.] [Pref. im- in + plant: cf. F. implanter.] To plant, or infix, for the purpose of growth; to fix deeply; to instill; to inculate; to introduce; as, to implant the seeds of virtue, or the principles of knowledge, in the minds of youth.

Minds well implanted with solid . . . breeding.
Milton.

Im`plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. implantation.] The act or process of implanting.

Im*plate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implated; p. pr. & vb. n. Implating.] To cover with plates; to sheathe; as, to implate a ship with iron.

Im*plau`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. Want of plausibility; the quality of being implausible.

Im*plau"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + plausible: cf. F. implausible.] Not plausible; not wearing the appearance of truth or credibility, and not likely to be believed. "Implausible harangues." Swift.

-- Im*plau"si*ble*ness, n. -- Im*plau"si*bly, adv.

Im*pleach" (?), v. t. To pleach; to interweave. [Obs.] Shak.

Im*plead" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impleaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impleading.] [Cf. Emplead.] (Law) To institute and prosecute a suit against, in court; to sue or prosecute at law; hence, to accuse; to impeach.

Im*plead", v. i. To sue at law.

Im*plead"a*ble (?), a. Not admitting excuse, evasion, or plea; rigorous. [R.] T. Adams.

Im*plead"er (?), n. (Law) One who prosecutes or sues another.

Im*pleas"ing (&?;), a. Unpleasing; displeasing. [Obs.] Overbury.

Im*pledge" (?), v. t. To pledge. Sir W. Scott.

Im"ple*ment (&ibreve;m"pl&esl;*ment), n. [LL. implementum accomplishment, fr. L. implere, impletum, to fill up, finish, complete; pref. im- in + plere to fill. The word was perh. confused with OF. empleier, emploier, to employ, F. employer, whence E. employ. See Plenty.] That which fulfills or supplies a want or use; esp., an instrument, tool, or utensil, as supplying a requisite to an end; as, the implements of trade, of husbandry, or of war.

Genius must have talent as its complement and implement.
Coleridge.

Im"ple*ment, v. t. 1. To accomplish; to fulfill. [R.]

Revenge . . . executed and implemented by the hand of Vanbeest Brown.
Sir W. Scott.

2. To provide with an implement or implements; to cause to be fulfilled, satisfied, or carried out, by means of an implement or implements.

The chief mechanical requisites of the barometer are implemented in such an instrument as the following.
Nichol.

3. (Scots Law) To fulfill or perform, as a contract or an engagement.

Im`ple*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, implements or their use; mechanical.

Im*ple"tion (?), n. [L. impletio. See Implement.] 1. The act of filling, or the state of being full. Sir T. Browne.

2. That which fills up; filling. Coleridge.

Im"plex (?), a. [L. implexus, p. p. of implectere to infold; pref. im- in + plectere to plait: cf. F implexe.] Intricate; entangled; complicated; complex.

The fable of every poem is . . . simple or implex. it is called simple when there is no change of fortune in it; implex, when the fortune of the chief actor changes from bad to good, or from good to bad.
Addison.

Im*plex"ion (?), n. [L. implexio.] Act of involving, or state of being involved; involution.

Im*pli"a*ble (?), a. Not pliable; inflexible; unyielding.

Im"pli*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Implicating.] [L. implicatus, p. p. of implicare to involve; pref. im- in + plicare to fold. See Employ, Ply, and cf. Imply, Implicit.] 1. To infold; to fold together; to interweave.

The meeting boughs and implicated leaves.
Shelley.

2. To bring into connection with; to involve; to connect; -- applied to persons, in an unfavorable sense; as, the evidence implicates many in this conspiracy; to be implicated in a crime, a discreditable transaction, a fault, etc.

Im`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L. implicatio: cf. F. implication.] 1. The act of implicating, or the state of being implicated.

Three principal causes of firmness are. the grossness, the quiet contact, and the implication of component parts.
Boyle.

2. An implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed; an inference, or something which may fairly be understood, though not expressed in words.

Whatever things, therefore, it was asserted that the king might do, it was a necessary implication that there were other things which he could not do.
Hallam.

Im"pli*ca*tive (?), a. Tending to implicate.

Im"pli*ca*tive*ly, adv. By implication. Sir G. Buck.

Im*plic"it (?), a. [L. implicitus, p. p. of implicare to entwine, entangle, attach closely: cf. F. implicite. See Implicate.] 1. Infolded; entangled; complicated; involved. [Obs.] Milton.

In his woolly fleece
I cling implicit.
Pope.

2. Tacitly comprised; fairly to be understood, though not expressed in words; implied; as, an implicit contract or agreement. South.

3. Resting on another; trusting in the word or authority of another, without doubt or reserve; unquestioning; complete; as, implicit confidence; implicit obedience.

Back again to implicit faith I fall.
Donne.

Implicit function. (Math.) See under Function.

Im*plic"it*ly (?), adv. 1. In an implicit manner; without reserve; with unreserved confidence.

Not to dispute the methods of his providence, but humbly and implicitly to acquiesce in and adore them.
Atterbury.

2. By implication; impliedly; as, to deny the providence of God is implicitly to deny his existence. Bentley.

Im*plic"it*ness, n. State or quality of being implicit.

Im*plic"i*ty (?), n. Implicitness. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Im*plied" (?), a. Virtually involved or included; involved in substance; inferential; tacitly conceded; -- the correlative of express, or expressed. See Imply.

Im*pli"ed*ly (?), adv. By implication or inference. Bp. Montagu.

Im*plod"ed (?), a. (Phon.) Formed by implosion. Ellis.

Im*plod"ent (?), n. (Phon.) An implosive sound. Ellis.

Im`plo*ra"tion (?), n. [L. imploratio: cf. OF. imploration. See Implore.] The act of imploring; earnest supplication. Bp. Hall.

Im"plo*ra`tor (?), n. One who implores. [Obs.]

Mere implorators of unholy suits.
Shak.

Im*plor"a*to*ry (?), a. Supplicatory; entreating. [R.] Carlyle.

Im*plore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imploring.] [L. implorare; pref. im- in + plorare to cry aloud. See Deplore.] To call upon, or for, in supplication; to beseech; to pray to, or for, earnestly; to petition with urgency; to entreat; to beg; -- followed directly by the word expressing the thing sought, or the person from whom it is sought.

Imploring all the gods that reign above.
Pope.

I kneel, and then implore her blessing.
Shak.

Syn. -- To beseech; supplicate; crave; entreat; beg; solicit; petition; prey; request; adjure. See Beseech.

Im*plore", v. i. To entreat; to beg; to prey.

Im*plore", n. Imploration. [Obs.] Spencer.

Im*plor"er (?), n. One who implores.

Im*plor"ing, a. That implores; beseeching; entreating. -- Im*plor"ing*ly, adv.

Im*plo"sion (?), n. [Formed by substitution of pref. im- in for pref. ex- in explosion.] 1. A bursting inwards, as of a vessel from which the air has been exhausted; -- contrasted with explosion.

2. (Phon.) A sudden compression of the air in the mouth, simultaneously with and affecting the sound made by the closure of the organs in uttering p, t, or k, at the end of a syllable (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§159, 189); also, a similar compression made by an upward thrust of the larynx without any accompanying explosive action, as in the peculiar sound of b, d, and g, heard in Southern Germany. H. Sweet.

Im*plo"sive (?), a. (Phon.) Formed by implosion. -- n. An implosive sound, an implodent. -- Im*plo"sive*ly, adv. H. Sweet.

Im*plumed" (?), a. Not plumed; without plumes or feathers; featherless. [R.] Drayton.

Im*plunge" (?), v. t. To plunge. Fuller.

||Im*plu"vi*um (?), n. [L., fr. impluere to rain into; pref. im- in + pluere to rain.] (Arch.) In Roman dwellings, a cistern or tank, set in the atrium or peristyle to recieve the water from the roof, by means of the compluvium; generally made ornamental with flowers and works of art around its birm.

Im*ply" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Implying.] [From the same source as employ. See Employ, Ply, and cf. Implicate, Apply.] 1. To infold or involve; to wrap up. [Obs.] "His head in curls implied." Chapman.

2. To involve in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by construction of law, when not include virtually; as, war implies fighting.

Where a malicious act is proved, a malicious intention is implied.
Bp. Sherlock.

When a man employs a laborer to work for him, . . . the act of hiring implies an obligation and a promise that he shall pay him a reasonable reward for his services.
Blackstone.

3. To refer, ascribe, or attribute. [Obs.]

Whence might this distaste arise?

If [from] neither your perverse and peevish will.
To which I most imply it.
J. Webster.

Syn. -- To involve; include; comprise; import; mean; denote; signify; betoken. See Involve.

Im*poi"son (?), v. t. [Cf. Empoison.] To poison; to imbitter; to impair.

Im*poi"son*er (?), n. A poisoner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Im*poi"son*ment (?), n. [Cf. Empoisonment.] The act of poisoning or impoisoning. [Obs.] Pope.

{ Im*po"lar*i*ly (?), Im*po"lar*ly (?), } adv. Not according to or in, the direction of the poles. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Im*pol"i*cy (?), n. The quality of being impolitic; inexpedience; unsuitableness to the end proposed; bads policy; as, the impolicy of fraud. Bp. Horsley.

Im`po*lite" (?), a. [L. impolitus unpolishied, pref. im- not + politus, p. p. of polire to polish, refine. See Polite.] Not polite; not of polished manners; wanting in good manners; discourteous; uncivil; rude. -- Im`po*lite"ly, adv. -- Im`po*lite"ness, n.

Im*pol"i*tic (?), a. [Pref. im- not + politic; cf. F. impolitique.] Not politic; contrary to, or wanting in, policy; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; inexpedient; as, an impolitic ruler, law, or measure.

The most unjust and impolitic of all things, unequal taxation.
Burke.

Syn. -- Indiscreet; inexpedient; undiplomatic.

Im`po*lit"i*cal (?), a. Impolitic. [Obs.] -- Im`po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv. [Obs.] Bacon.

Im*pol"i*tic*ly (?), adv. In an impolitic manner.

Im*pol"i*tic*ness, n. The quality of being impolitic.

Im*pon`der*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impondérabilité.] The quality or state of being imponderable; imponderableness.

Im*pon"der*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + ponderable: cf. F. impondérable.] Not ponderable; without sensible or appreciable weight; incapable of being weighed.

Im*pon"der*a*ble, n. (Physics) An imponderable substance or body; specifically, in the plural, a name formerly applied to heat, light, electricity, and magnetism, regarded as subtile fluids destitute of weight but in modern science little used.

Im*pon"der*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being imponderable.

Im*pon"der*ous (?), a. Imponderable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Im*pon"der*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Im*pone" (?), v. t. [L. imponere, impositum, to place upon; pref. im- in + ponere to place. See Position.] To stake; to wager; to pledge. [Obs.]

Against the which he has imponed, as I take it, six French rapiers and poniards.
Shak.

||Im*poo"fo (?), n. (Zoöl.) The eland. [Written also impoofoo.]

||Im*poon" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The duykerbok.

Im*poor" (?), v. t. To impoverish. [Obs.]

Im`po*ros"i*ty (?), n. [Perf. im- not + porosity: cf. F. imporosité.] The state or quality of being imporous; want of porosity; compactness. "The . . . imporosity betwixt the tangible parts." Bacon.

Im*por"ous (?), a. Destitute of pores; very close or compact in texture; solid. Sir T. Browne.

Im*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imported; p. pr. & vb. n. Importing.] [L. importare to bring in, to occasion, to cause; pref. im- in + portare to bear. Sense 3 comes through F. importer, from the Latin. See Port demeanor.] 1. To bring in from abroad; to introduce from without; especially, to bring (wares or merchandise) into a place or country from a foreign country, in the transactions of commerce; -- opposed to export. We import teas from China, coffee from Brasil, etc.

2. To carry or include, as meaning or intention; to imply; to signify.

Every petition . . . doth . . . always import a multitude of speakers together.
Hooker.

3. To be of importance or consequence to; to have a bearing on; to concern.

I have a motion much imports your good.
Shak.

If I endure it, what imports it you?
Dryden.

Syn. -- To denote; mean; signify; imply; indicate; betoken; interest; concern.

Im*port", v. i. To signify; to purport; to be of moment. "For that . . . importeth to the work." Bacon.

Im"port (?), n. 1. Merchandise imported, or brought into a country from without its boundaries; -- generally in the plural, opposed to exports.

I take the imports from, and not the exports to, these conquests, as the measure of these advantages which we derived from them.
Burke.

2. That which a word, phrase, or document contains as its signification or intention or interpretation of a word, action, event, and the like.

3. Importance; weight; consequence.

Most serious design, and the great import.
Shak.

Im*port"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. importable. See Import.] Capable of being imported.

Im*port"a*ble, a. [L. importabilis; pref. im- not + portabilis bearable: cf. OF. importable. See Portable.] Not to be endured; insupportable; intolerable. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Im*port"a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

Im*por"tance (?), n. [F. importance. See Important.] 1. The quality or state of being important; consequence; weight; moment; significance.

Thy own importance know,
Nor bound thy narrow views to things below.
Pope.

2. Subject; matter. [Obs.]

Upon importance of so slight and trivial a nature.
Shak.

3. Import; meaning; significance. [Obs.]

The wisest beholder could not say if the importance were joy or sorrow.
Shak.

4. Importunity; solicitation. [Obs.]

At our importance hither is he come.
Shak.

Im*por"tan*cy (?), n. Importance; significance; consequence; that which is important. [Obs.] Shak. "Careful to conceal importancies." Fuller.

Im*por"tant (?), a. [F. important. See Import, v. t.] 1. Full of, or burdened by, import; charged with great interests; restless; anxious. [Obs.]

Thou hast strength as much
As serves to execute a mind very important.
Chapman.

2. Carrying or possessing weight or consequence; of valuable content or bearing; significant; weighty.

Things small as nothing . . .
He makes important.
Shak.

3. Bearing on; forcible; driving. [Obs.]

He fiercely at him flew,
And with important outrage him assailed.
Spenser.

4. Importunate; pressing; urgent. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. -- Weighty; momentous; significant; essential; necessary; considerable; influential; serious.

Im*por"tant*ly, adv. In an important manner.

Im`por*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. importation. See Import, v. t.] 1. The act of carrying, conveying, or delivering. [R.]

2. The act or practice of importing, or bringing into a country or state; -- opposed to exportation.

3. That which is imported; commodities or wares introduced into a country from abroad.

Im*port"er (?), n. One who imports; the merchant who brings goods into a country or state; -- opposed to exporter.

Im*port"ing, a. Full of meaning. [Obs.] Shak.

Im*port"less, a. Void of meaning. [Obs.] Shak.

Im*por"tu*na*ble (?), a. Heavy; insupportable. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Im*por"tu*na*cy (?), n. [From Importunate.] The quality of being importunate; importunateness.

Im*por"tu*nate (?), a. [See Importune.] 1. Troublesomely urgent; unreasonably solicitous; overpressing in request or demand; urgent; teasing; as, an impotunate petitioner, curiosity. Whewell.

2. Hard to be borne; unendurable. [R.] Donne.

-- Im*por"tu*nate*ly, adv. -- Im*por"tu*nate*ness, n.

Im*por"tu*na`tor (?), n. One who importunes; an importuner. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

Im`por*tune" (?), a. [F. importun, L. importunus; pref. im- not + a derivative from the root of portus harbor, importunus therefore orig. meaning, hard of access. See Port harbor, and cf. Importunate.] 1. Inopportune; unseasonable. [Obs.]

2. Troublesome; vexatious; persistent; urgent; hence, vexatious on account of untimely urgency or pertinacious solicitation. [Obs.]

And their importune fates all satisfied.
Spenser.

Of all other affections it [envy] is the most importune and continual.
Bacon.

Im`por*tune", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Importuned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Importuning.] [From Importune, a.: cf. F. importuner.] 1. To request or solicit, with urgency; to press with frequent, unreasonable, or troublesome application or pertinacity; hence, to tease; to irritate; to worry.

Their ministers and residents here have perpetually importuned the court with unreasonable demands.
Swift.

2. To import; to signify. [Obs.] "It importunes death." Spenser.

Im`por*tune", v. i. To require; to demand. [Obs.]

We shall write to you,
As time and our concernings shall importune.
Shak.

Im`por*tune"ly, adv. In an importune manner. [Obs.]

Im`por*tun"er (?), n. One who importunes.

Im`por*tu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Importunities (#). [L. importunitas unsuitableness, rudeness: cf. F. importunité.] The quality of being importunate; pressing or pertinacious solicitation; urgent request; incessant or frequent application; troublesome pertinacity.

O'ercome with importunity and tears.
Milton.

Im*por"tu*ous (?), a. [L. importuosus; pref. im- not + portuosus abounding in harbors, fr. portus harbor.] Without a port or harbor. [R.]

Im*pos"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. imposable.] Capable of being imposed or laid on. Hammond.

Im*pos"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being imposable.

Im*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imposing.] [F. imposer; pref. im- in + poser to place. See Pose, v. t.] 1. To lay on; to set or place; to put; to deposit.

Cakes of salt and barley [she] did impose
Within a wicker basket.
Chapman.

2. To lay as a charge, burden, tax, duty, obligation, command, penalty, etc.; to enjoin; to levy; to inflict; as, to impose a toll or tribute.

What fates impose, that men must needs abide.
Shak.

Death is the penalty imposed.
Milton.

Thou on the deep imposest nobler laws.
Waller.

3. (Eccl.) To lay on, as the hands, in the religious rites of confirmation and ordination.

4. (Print.) To arrange in proper order on a table of stone or metal and lock up in a chase for printing; -- said of columns or pages of type, forms, etc.

Im*pose", v. i. To practice tricks or deception.

To impose on or upon, to pass or put a trick on; to delude. "He imposes on himself, and mistakes words for things." Locke.

Im*pose", n. A command; injunction. [Obs.] Shak.

Im*pose"ment (?), n. Imposition. [Obs.]

Im*pos"er (?), n. One who imposes.

The imposers of these oaths might repent.
Walton.

Im*pos"ing, a. 1. Laying as a duty; enjoining.

2. Adapted to impress forcibly; impressive; commanding; as, an imposing air; an imposing spectacle. "Large and imposing edifices." Bp. Hobart.

3. Deceiving; deluding; misleading.

Im*pos"ing, n. (Print.) The act of imposing the columns of a page, or the pages of a sheet. See Impose, v. t., 4.

Imposing stone (Print.), the stone on which the pages or columns of types are imposed or made into forms; - - called also imposing table.

Im*pos"ing*ly, adv. In an imposing manner.

Im*pos"ing*ness, n. The quality of being imposing.

Im`po*si"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. impositio the application of a name to a thing. See Impone.] 1. The act of imposing, laying on, affixing, enjoining, inflicting, obtruding, and the like. "From imposition of strict laws." Milton.

Made more solemn by the imposition of hands.
Hammond.

2. That which is imposed, levied, or enjoined; charge; burden; injunction; tax.

3. (Eng. Univ.) An extra exercise enjoined on students as a punishment. T. Warton.

4. An excessive, arbitrary, or unlawful exaction; hence, a trick or deception put on laid on others; cheating; fraud; delusion; imposture.

Reputation is an idle and most false imposition.
Shak.

5. (Eccl.) The act of laying on the hands as a religious ceremoy, in ordination, confirmation, etc.

6. (Print.) The act or process of imosing pages or columns of type. See Impose, v. t., 4.

Syn. -- Deceit; fraud; imposture. See Deception.

Im*pos`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Impossibilities (#). [L. impossibilitas: cf. F. impossibilité.] 1. The quality of being impossible; impracticability.

They confound difficulty with impossibility.
South.

2. An impossible thing; that which can not be thought, done, or endured.

Impossibilities! O, no, there's none.
Cowley.

3. Inability; helplessness. [R.] Latimer.

Logical impossibility, a condition or statement involving contradiction or absurdity; as, that a thing can be and not be at the same time. See Principle of Contradiction, under Contradiction.

Im*pos"si*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. impossibilis; pref. im- not + possibilis possible. See Possible.] Not possible; incapable of being done, of existing, etc.; unattainable in the nature of things, or by means at command; insuperably difficult under the circumstances; absurd or impracticable; not feasible.

With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible.
Matt. xix. 26.

Without faith it is impossible to please him.
Heb. xi. 6.

Impossible quantity (Math.), an imaginary quantity. See Imaginary.

Syn. -- See Impracticable.

Im*pos"si*ble, n. An impossibility. [Obs.]

"Madam," quoth he, "this were an impossible!"
Chaucer.

Im*pos"si*bly, adv. Not possibly. Sir. T. North.

Im"post (?), n. [OF. impost, F. impot, LL. impostus, fr. L. impostus, p. p. of imponere to impose. See Impone.] 1. That which is imposed or levied; a tax, tribute, or duty; especially, a duty or tax laid by goverment on goods imported into a country.

Even the ship money . . . Johnson could not pronounce to have been an unconstitutional impost.
Macaulay.

2. (Arch.) The top member of a pillar, pier, wall, etc., upon which the weight of an arch rests.

&fist; The impost is called continuous, if the moldings of the arch or architrave run down the jamb or pier without a break.

Syn. -- Tribute; excise; custom; duty; tax.

Im*post"hu*mate (?), v. t. [See Imposthume.] To apostemate; to form an imposthume or abscess. Arbuthnot.

Im*post"hu*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imposthumated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imposthumating (?).] To affect with an imposthume or abscess.

Im*post"hu*mate (?), a. Imposthumated.

Im*post`hu*ma"tion (?), n. 1. The act of forming an abscess; state of being inflamed; suppuration.

2. An abscess; an imposthume. Coxe.

Im*post"hume (?), n. [A corruption of aposteme. See Aposteme.] A collection of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body; an abscess.

Im*post"hume, v. t. & i. Same as Imposthumate.

Im*pos"tor (?), n. [L. impostor a deceiver, fr. imponere to impose upon, deceive. See Impone.] One who imposes upon others; a person who assumes a character or title not his own, for the purpose of deception; a pretender. "The fraudulent impostor foul." Milton.

Syn. -- Deceiver; cheat; rogue. See Deceiver.

Im*pos"tor*ship, n. The condition, character, or practice of an impostor. Milton.

{ Im*pos"tress (?), Im*pos"trix (?), } n. [LL. impostrix. See Impostor.] A woman who imposes upon or deceives others. [R.] Fuller.

Im*pos"trous (?), n. Characterized by imposture; deceitful. "Impostrous pretense of knowledge." Grote.

Im*pos"tur*age (?), n. Imposture; cheating. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Im*pos"ture (?), n. [L. impostura: cf. F. imposture. See Impone.] The act or conduct of an impostor; deception practiced under a false or assumed character; fraud or imposition; cheating.

From new legends
And fill the world with follies and impostures.
Johnson.

Syn. -- Cheat; fraud; trick; imposition; delusion.

Im*pos"tured (?), a. Done by imposture. [Obs.]

Im*pos"tur*ous (?), a. Impostrous; deceitful.

Strictness fales and impostrous.
Beau. & Fl.

Im*pos"tur*y (?), n. Imposture. [Obs.] Fuller.

{ Im"po*tence (?), Im"po*ten*cy (?), } n. [L. impotenia inability, poverty, want of moderation. See Impotent.] 1. The quality or condition of being impotent; want of strength or power, animal, intellectual, or moral; weakness; feebleness; inability; imbecility.

Some were poor by impotency of nature; as young fatherless children, old decrepit persons, idiots, and cripples.
Hayward.

O, impotence of mind in body strong!
Milton.

2. Want of self-restraint or self- control. [R.] Milton.

3. (Law & Med.) Want of procreative power; inability to copulate, or beget children; also, sometimes, sterility; barrenness.

Im"po*tent (?), a. [F. impotent, L. impotens, -entis; pref. im- not + potens potent, powerful. See Potent.] 1. Not potent; wanting power, strength. or vigor. whether physical, intellectual, or moral; deficient in capacity; destitute of force; weak; feeble; infirm.

There sat a certain man at Lystra, impotent inhis feet.
Acts xiv. 8.

O most lame and impotent conclusion!
Shak.

Not slow to hear,
Nor impotent to save.
Addison.

2. Wanting the power of self-restraint; incontrolled; ungovernable; violent.

Impotent of tongue, her silence broke.
Dryden.

3. (Med.) Wanting the power of procreation; unable to copulate; also, sometimes, sterile; barren.

Im"po*tent, n. One who is impotent. [R.] Shak.

Im"po*tent*ly, adv. In an impotent manner.

Im*pound" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impounding.] To shut up or place in an inclosure called a pound; hence, to hold in the custody of a court; as, to impound stray cattle; to impound a document for safe keeping.

But taken and impounded as a stray,
The king of Scots.
Shak.

Im*pound"age (&ibreve;m*pound"&asl;j), n. 1. The act of impounding, or the state of being impounded.

2. The fee or fine for impounding.

Im*pound"er (?), n. One who impounds.

Im*pov"er*ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impoverished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impoverishing.] [OF. empovrir; pref. em- (L. in) + povre poor, F. pauvre; cf. OF. apovrir, F. appauvrir, where the prefix is a- , L. ad. Cf. Empoverish, and see Poor, and -ish.] 1. To make poor; to reduce to poverty or indigence; as, misfortune and disease impoverish families.

2. To exhaust the strength, richness, or fertility of; to make sterile; as, to impoverish land.

Im*pov"er*ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, impoverishes.

Im*pov"er*ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. empoverissement, and F. appauvrissement.] The act of impoverishing, or the state of being impoverished; reduction to poverty. Sir W. Scott.

Im*pow"er (?), v. t. See Empower.

Imp"-pole` (&?;), n. (Building) A pole for supporting a scaffold.

Im*prac`ti*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Impracticabilities (&?;). 1. The state or quality of being impracticable; infeasibility. Goldsmith.

2. An impracticable thing.

3. Intractableness; stubbornness.

Im*prac"ti*ca*ble (?), a. 1. Not practicable; incapable of being performed, or accomplished by the means employed, or at command; impossible; as, an impracticable undertaking.

2. Not to be overcome, persuaded, or controlled by any reasonable method; unmanageable; intractable; not capable of being easily dealt with; -- used in a general sense, as applied to a person or thing that is difficult to control or get along with.

This though, impracticable heart
Is governed by a dainty-fingered girl.
Rowe.

Patriotic but loyal men went away disgusted afresh with the impracticable arrogance of a sovereign.
Palfrey.

3. Incapable of being used or availed of; as, an impracticable road; an impracticable method.

Syn. -- Impossible; infeasible. -- Impracticable, Impossible. A thing is impracticable when it can not be accomplished by any human means at present possessed; a thing is impossible when the laws of nature forbid it. The navigation of a river may now be impracticable, but not impossible, because the existing obstructions may yet be removed. "The barons exercised the most despotic authority over their vassals, and every scheme of public utility was rendered impracticable by their continued petty wars with each other." Mickle. "With men this is impossible, but with God all things are possible." Matt. xix. 26.

Im*prac"ti*ca*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being impracticable; impracticability.

Im*prac"ti*ca*bly, adv. In an impracticable manner.

Morality not impracticably rigid.
Johnson.

Im*prac"ti*cal (?), a. Not practical.

Im"pre*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imprecated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imprecating (?).] [L. imprecatus, p. p. of imprecari to imprecate; pref. im- in, on + precari to pray. See Pray.] 1. To call down by prayer, as something hurtful or calamitous.

Imprecate the vengeance of Heaven on the guilty empire.
Mickle.

2. To invoke evil upon; to curse; to swear at.

In vain we blast the ministers of Fate,
And the forlorn physicians imprecate.
Rochester.

Im`pre*ca"tion (?), n. [L. imprecatio: cf. F. imprécation.] The act of imprecating, or invoking evil upon any one; a prayer that a curse or calamity may fall on any one; a curse.

Men cowered like slaves before such horrid imprecations.
Motley.

Syn. -- Malediction; curse; execration; anathema. See Malediction.

Im"pre*ca*to*ry (?), a. Of the nature of, or containing, imprecation; invoking evil; as, the imprecatory psalms.

Im`pre*ci"sion (?), n. Want of precision. [R.]

Im*pregn" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. impregner. See Impregnate.] To impregnate; to make fruitful. [Obs.]

His pernicious words, impregned
With reason.
Milton.

Semele doth Bacchus bear
Impregned of Jove.
Dr. H. More.

Im*preg`na*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being impregnable; invincibility.

Im*preg"na*ble (?), a. [F. imprenable; pref. im- not + prenable pregnable, fr. prendre to take, L. prehendere. See Comprehend, Get to obtain.] Not to be stormed, or taken by assault; incapable of being subdued; able to resist attack; unconquerable; as, an impregnable fortress; impregnable virtue.

The man's affection remains wholly unconcerned and impregnable.
South.

-- Im*preg"na*ble*ness, n. -- Im*preg"na*bly, adv.

Im*preg"na*ble (?), a. [See Impregnate.] (Biol.) Capable of being impregnated, as the egg of an animal, or the ovule of a plant.

Im*preg"nant (?), n. [See Impregnate.] That which impregnates. [R.] Glanvill.

Im*preg"nant, a. [Pref. im- not + pregnant.] Not pregnant; unfertilized or infertile. [R.]

Im*preg"nate (&ibreve;m*pr&ebreve;g"nāt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impregnated (-n&asl;*t&ebreve;d); p. pr. & vb. n. Impregnating (-n&asl;*t&ibreve;ng).] [LL. impraegnatus, p. p. of impraegnare to impregnate, fr. L. pref. im- in + praegnans pregnant. See Pregnant.] 1. To make pregnant; to cause to conceive; to render prolific; to get with child or young.

2. (Biol.) To come into contact with (an ovum or egg) so as to cause impregnation; to fertilize; to fecundate.

3. To infuse an active principle into; to render fruitful or fertile in any way; to fertilize; to imbue.

4. To infuse particles of another substance into; to communicate the quality of another to; to cause to be filled, imbued, mixed, or furnished (with something); as, to impregnate India rubber with sulphur; clothing impregnated with contagion; rock impregnated with ore.

Im*preg"nate (&ibreve;m*pr&ebreve;g"nāt), v. i. To become pregnant. Addison.

Im*preg"nate (-n&asl;t), a. [LL. impraegnatus, p. p.] Impregnated; made prolific.

The scorching ray
Here pierceth not, impregnate with disease.
Byron.

Im`preg*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imprégnation, LL. impraegnatio.] 1. The act of impregnating or the state of being impregnated; fecundation.

2. (Biol.) The fusion of a female germ cell (ovum) with a male germ cell (in animals, a spermatozoön) to form a single new cell endowed with the power of developing into a new individual; fertilization; fecundation.

&fist; In the broadest biological sense, impregnation, or sexual generation, consists simply in the coalescence of two similar masses of protoplasmic matter, either derived from different parts of the same organism or from two distinct organisms. From the single mass, which results from the fusion, or coalescence, of these two masses, a new organism develops.

3. That with which anything is impregnated. Derham.

4. Intimate mixture; infusion; saturation.

5. (Mining) An ore deposit, with indefinite boundaries, consisting of rock impregnated with ore. Raymond.

Im`pre*ju"di*cate (?), a. Not prejudged; unprejudiced; impartial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Im*pre"na*ble (?), a. Impregnable. [Obs.]

Im*prep`a*ra"tion (?), n. Want of preparation. [Obs.] Hooker.

||Im*pre"sa (&esl;m*prā"s&adot;), n. [It. See Emprise, and cf. Impress, n., 4.] (Her.) A device on a shield or seal, or used as a bookplate or the like. [Written also imprese and impress.]

My impresa to your lordship; a swain
Flying to a laurel for shelter.
J. Webster.

||Im`pre*sa"ri*o (?), n.; pl. Impresarios (#). [It., from impresa enterprise.] The projector, manager, or conductor, of an opera or concert company.

Im`pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. imprescriptibilité.] The quality of being imprescriptible.

Im`pre*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prescriptible: cf. F. imprescriptible.] 1. Not capable of being lost or impaired by neglect, by disuse, or by the claims of another founded on prescription.

The right of navigation, fishing, and others that may be exercised on the sea, belonging to the right of mere ability, are imprescriptible.
Vattel (Trans. )

2. Not derived from, or dependent on, external authority; self-evidencing; obvious.

The imprescriptible laws of the pure reason.
Colerridge.

Im`pre*scrip"ti*bly, adv. In an imprescriptible manner; obviously.

Im*prese" (?), n. A device. See Impresa.

An imprese, as the Italians call it, is a device in picture with his motto or word, borne by noble or learned personages.
Camden.

Im*press" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impressing.] [L. impressus, p. p. of imprimere to impress; pref. im- in, on + premere to press. See Press to squeeze, and cf. Imprint.] 1. To press, stamp, or print something in or upon; to mark by pressure, or as by pressure; to imprint (that which bears the impression).

His heart, like an agate, with your print impressed.
Shak.

2. To produce by pressure, as a mark, stamp, image, etc.; to imprint (a mark or figure upon something).

3. Fig.: To fix deeply in the mind; to present forcibly to the attention, etc.; to imprint; to inculcate.

Impress the motives of persuasion upon our own hearts till we feel the force of them.
I. Watts.

4. [See Imprest, Impress, n., 5.] To take by force for public service; as, to impress sailors or money.

The second five thousand pounds impressed for the service of the sick and wounded prisoners.
Evelyn.

Im*press", v. i. To be impressed; to rest. [Obs.]

Such fiendly thoughts in his heart impress.
Chaucer.

Im"press (?), n.; pl. Impresses (&?;). 1. The act of impressing or making.

2. A mark made by pressure; an indentation; imprint; the image or figure of anything, formed by pressure or as if by pressure; result produced by pressure or influence.

The impresses of the insides of these shells.
Woodward.

This weak impress of love is as a figure
Trenched in ice.
Shak.

3. Characteristic; mark of distinction; stamp. South.

4. A device. See Impresa. Cussans.

To describe . . . emblazoned shields,
Impresses quaint.
Milton.

5. [See Imprest, Press to force into service.] The act of impressing, or taking by force for the public service; compulsion to serve; also, that which is impressed.

Why such impress of shipwrights?
Shak.

Impress gang, a party of men, with an officer, employed to impress seamen for ships of war; a press gang. -- Impress money, a sum of money paid, immediately upon their entering service, to men who have been impressed.

Im*press`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impressible; susceptibility.

Im*press"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impressible.] Capable of being impressed; susceptible; sensitive. -- Im*press"i*ble*ness, n. -- Im*press"i*bly, adv.

Im*pres"sion (?), n. [F. impression, L. impressio.] 1. The act of impressing, or the state of being impressed; the communication of a stamp, mold, style, or character, by external force or by influence.

2. That which is impressed; stamp; mark; indentation; sensible result of an influence exerted from without.

The stamp and clear impression of good sense.
Cowper.

To shelter us from impressions of weather, we must spin, we must weave, we must build.
Barrow.

3. That which impresses, or exercises an effect, action, or agency; appearance; phenomenon. [Obs.]

Portentous blaze of comets and impressions in the air.
Milton.

A fiery impression falling from out of Heaven.
Holland.

4. Influence or effect on the senses or the intellect hence, interest, concern. Reid.

His words impression left.
Milton.

Such terrible impression made the dream.
Shak.

I have a father's dear impression,
And wish, before I fall into my grave,
That I might see her married.
Ford.

5. An indistinct notion, remembrance, or belief.

6. Impressiveness; emphasis of delivery.

Which must be read with an impression.
Milton.

7. (Print.) The pressure of the type on the paper, or the result of such pressure, as regards its appearance; as, a heavy impression; a clear, or a poor, impression; also, a single copy as the result of printing, or the whole edition printed at a given time.

Ten impressions which his books have had.
Dryden.

8. In painting, the first coat of color, as the priming in house painting and the like. [R.]

9. (Engraving) A print on paper from a wood block, metal plate, or the like.

Proof impression, one of the early impressions taken from an engraving, before the plate or block is worn.

Im*pres`sion*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impressionable.

Im*pres"sion*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impressionnable.] Liable or subject to impression; capable of being molded; susceptible; impressible.

He was too impressionable; he had too much of the temperament of genius.
Motley.

A pretty face and an impressionable disposition.
T. Hook.

Im*pres"sion*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being impressionable.

Im*pres"sion*ism (?), n. [F. impressionnisme.] (Fine Arts) The theory or method of suggesting an effect or impression without elaboration of the details; -- a disignation of a recent fashion in painting and etching.

Im*pres"sion*ist, n. [F. impressionniste.] (Fine Arts) One who adheres to the theory or method of impressionism, so called.

Im*pres`sion*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, impressionism.

Im*pres"sion*less, a. Having the quality of not being impressed or affected; not susceptible.

Im*press"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. impressif.] 1. Making, or tending to make, an impression; having power to impress; adapted to excite attention and feeling, to touch the sensibilities, or affect the conscience; as, an impressive discourse; an impressive scene.

2. Capable of being impressed. [Obs.] Drayton.

- Im*press"ive*ly, adv. -- Im*press"ive*ness, n.

Im*press"ment (?), n. The act of seizing for public use, or of impressing into public service; compulsion to serve; as, the impressment of provisions or of sailors.

The great scandal of our naval service -- impressment -- died a protracted death.
J. H. Burton.

Im*press"or (?), n. [LL., a printer.] One who, or that which, impresses. Boyle.

Im*pres"sure (?), n. [Cf. OF. impressure, LL. impressura.] Dent; impression. [Obs.] Shak.

Im*prest" (&?;), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Imprested; p. pr. & vb. n. Impresting.] [Pref. im- + prest: cf. It. imprestare. See Prest, n.] To advance on loan. Burke.

Im"prest (?), n. [Cf. It. impresto, imprestito, LL. impraestitum. See Imprest, v. t., and Impress compulsion to serve.] A kind of earnest money; loan; -- specifically, money advanced for some public service, as in enlistment. Burke.

The clearing of their imprests for what little of their debts they have received.
Pepys.

{ Im*prev"a*lence (?), Im*prev"a*len*cy (?), } n. Want of prevalence. [Obs.]

Im`pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being impreventable. [R.]

Im`pre*vent"a*ble (?), a. Not preventable; inevitable.

||Im`pri*ma"tur (?), n. [L., let it be printed.] (Law) A license to print or publish a book, paper, etc.; also, in countries subjected to the censorship of the press, approval of that which is published.

Im*prim"er*y (?), n. [F. imprimerie, fr. imprimer to imprint.] [Obs.] (a) A print; impression. (b) A printing establishment. (c) The art of printing.

Im*prim"ing (?), n. A beginning. [Obs.] "Their springings and imprimings." Sir H. Wotton.

||Im*pri"mis (?), adv. [L., for in primis among the first, chiefly; in in + primus first.] In the first place; first in order.

Im*print" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imptrinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imprinting.] [OE. emprenten, F. empreint, p. p. of empreindre to imprint, fr. L. imprimere to impres, imprint. See 1st In-, Print, and cf. Impress.] 1. To impress; to mark by pressure; to indent; to stamp.

And sees his num'rous herds imprint her sands.
Prior.

2. To stamp or mark, as letters on paper, by means of type, plates, stamps, or the like; to print the mark (figures, letters, etc., upon something).

Nature imprints upon whate'er we see,
That has a heart and life in it, "Be free."
Cowper.

3. To fix indelibly or permanently, as in the mind or memory; to impress.

Ideas of those two different things distinctly imprinted on his mind.
Locke.

Im"print (?), n. [Cf. F. empreinte impress, stamp. See Imprint, v. t.] Whatever is impressed or imprinted; the impress or mark left by something; specifically, the name of the printer or publisher (usually) with the time and place of issue, in the title- page of a book, or on any printed sheet. "That imprint of their hands." Buckle.

Im*pris"on (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imprisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imprisoning.] [OE. enprisonen, OF. enprisoner, F. emprisonner; pref. en- (L. in) + F. & OF. prison. See Prison.] 1. To put in prison or jail; To arrest and detain in custody; to confine.

He imprisoned was in chains remediless.
Spenser.

2. To limit, restrain, or confine in any way.

Try to imprison the resistless wind.
Dryden.

Syn. -- To incarcerate; confine; immure.

Im*pris"on*er (?), n. One who imprisons.

Im*pris"on ment (?), n. [OE. enprisonment; F. emprisonnement.] The act of imprisoning, or the state of being imprisoned; confinement; restraint.

His sinews waxen weak and raw
Through long imprisonment and hard constraint.
Spenser.

Every confinement of the person is an imprisonment, whether it be in a common prison, or in a private house, or even by foreibly detaining one in the public streets.
Blackstone.

False imprisonment. (Law) See under False.

Syn. -- Incarceration; custody; confinement; durance; restraint.

Im*prob`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Improbabilities (#). [Cf. F. improbabilité.] The quality or state of being improbable; unlikelihood; also, that which is improbable; an improbable event or result.

Im*prob"a*ble (?), a. [L. improbabilis; pref. im- not + probabilis probable: cf. F. improbable. See Probable.] Not probable; unlikely to be true; not to be expected under the circumstances or in the usual course of events; as, an improbable story or event.

He . . . sent to Elutherius, then bishop of Rome, an improbable letter, as some of the contents discover.
Milton.

-- Im*prob"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*prob"a*bly, adv.

Im"pro*bate (?), v. t. [L. improbatus, p. p. of improbare to disapprove; pref. im- not + probare to approve.] To disapprove of; to disallow. [Obs.]

Im`pro*ba"tion (?), n. [L. improbatio.] 1. The act of disapproving; disapprobation.

2. (Scots Law) The act by which falsehood and forgery are proved; an action brought for the purpose of having some instrument declared false or forged. Bell.

{ Im"pro*ba*tive (?), Im"pro*ba`to*ry (?) }, a. Implying, or tending to, improbation.

Im*prob"i*ty (?), n. [L. improbitas; pref. im- not + probitas probity: cf. F. improbité.] Lack of probity; want of integrity or rectitude; dishonesty.

Persons . . . cast out for notorious improbity.
Hooker.

{ Im`pro*fi"cience (?), Im`pro*fi"cien*cy, } n. Want of proficiency. [R.] Bacon.

Im*prof"it*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + profitable: cf. F. improfitable.] Unprofitable. [Obs.]

Im`pro*gress"ive (?), a. Not progressive. De Quincey. -- Im"pro*gress"ive*ly, adv.

Im`pro*lif"ic (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prolific: cf. F. improlifique.] Not prolific. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

Im`pro*lif"ic*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + prolificate.] To impregnate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Im*prompt" (?), a. Not ready. [R.] Sterne.

Im*promp"tu (?), adv. or a. [F. impromptu, fr. L. in promptu in readiness, at hand; in in + promptus visibility, readiness, from promptus visible, ready. See Prompt.] Offhand; without previous study; extemporaneous; extempore; as, an impromptu verse.

Im*promp"tu, n. 1. Something made or done offhand, at the moment, or without previous study; an extemporaneous composition, address, or remark.

2. (Mus.) A piece composed or played at first thought; a composition in the style of an extempore piece.

Im*prop"er (?), a. [F. impropre, L. improprius; pref. im- not + proprius proper. See Proper.] 1. Not proper; not suitable; not fitted to the circumstances, design, or end; unfit; not becoming; incongruous; inappropriate; indecent; as, an improper medicine; improper thought, behavior, language, dress.

Follow'd his enemy king, and did him service,
Improper for a slave.
Shak.

And to their proper operation still,
Ascribe all Good; to their improper, Ill.
Pope.

2. Not peculiar or appropriate to individuals; general; common. [Obs.]

Not to be adorned with any art but such improper ones as nature is said to bestow, as singing and poetry.
J. Fletcher.

3. Not according to facts; inaccurate; erroneous.

Improper diphthong. See under Diphthong. -- Improper feud, an original feud, not earned by military service. Mozley & W. -- Improper fraction. See under Fraction.

Im*prop"er, v. t. To appropriate; to limit. [Obs.]

He would in like manner improper and inclose the sunbeams to comfort the rich and not the poor.
Jewel.

Im*prop`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. improperare, improperatum, to taunt.] The act of upbraiding or taunting; a reproach; a taunt. [Obs.]

Improperatios and terms of scurrility.
Sir T. Browne

||Im`pro*pe"ri*a (?), n. pl. [L., reproaches.] (Mus.) A series of antiphons and responses, expressing the sorrowful remonstrance of our Lord with his people; -- sung on the morning of the Good Friday in place of the usual daily Mass of the Roman ritual. Grove.

Im*prop"er*ly (?), adv. In an improper manner; not properly; unsuitably; unbecomingly.

Im*prop"er*ty (?), n. Impropriety. [Obs.]

Im`pro*pi"tious (?), a. Unpropitious; unfavorable. [Obs.] "Dreams were impropitious." Sir H. Wotton.

Im`pro*por"tion*a*ble (?), a. Not proportionable. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Im`pro*por"tion*ate (?), a. Not proportionate. [Obs.]

Im*pro"pri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impropriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impropriating (?).] [Pref. im- in + L. propriatus, p. p. of propriare to appropriate. See Appropriate.] 1. To appropriate to one's self; to assume. [Obs.]

To impropriate the thanks to himself.
Bacon.

2. (Eng. Eccl. Law) To place the profits of (ecclesiastical property) in the hands of a layman for care and disbursement.

Im*pro"pri*ate, v. i. To become an impropriator. [R.]

Im*pro"pri*ate (?), a. (Eng. Eccl. Law) Put into the hands of a layman; impropriated.

Im*pro`pri*a"tion (?), n. 1. The act of impropriating; as, the impropriation of property or tithes; also, that which is impropriated.

2. (Eng. Eccl. Law) (a) The act of putting an ecclesiastical benefice in the hands of a layman, or lay corporation. (b) A benefice in the hands of a layman, or of a lay corporation.

Im*pro"pri*a`tor (?), n. One who impropriates; specifically, a layman in possession of church property.

Im*pro`pri*a"trix (?), n.; pl. E. -trixes, L. -trices (&?;). A female impropriator.

Im`pro*pri"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Improprieties (#). [L. improprietas; cf. F. impropriété. See Improper.] 1. The quality of being improper; unfitness or unsuitableness to character, time place, or circumstances; as, impropriety of behavior or manners.

2. That which is improper; an unsuitable or improper act, or an inaccurate use of language.

But every language has likewise its improprieties and absurdities.
Johnson.

Many gross improprieties, however authorized by practice, ought to be discarded.
Swift.

Im`pros*per"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. improspérité.] Want of prosperity. [Obs.]

Im*pros"per*ous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prosperous: cf. F. improspère, L. improsper.] Not prosperous. [Obs.] Dryden. - - Im*pros"per*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Im*pros"per*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Im*prov`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being improvable; improvableness.

Im*prov"a*ble (?), a. [From Improve.] 1. Capable of being improved; susceptible of improvement; admitting of being made better; capable of cultivation, or of being advanced in good qualities.

Man is accommodated with moral principles, improvable by the exercise of his faculties.
Sir M. Hale.

I have a fine spread of improvable lands.
Addison.

2. Capable of being used to advantage; profitable; serviceable; advantageous.

The essays of weaker heads afford improvable hints to better.
Sir T. Browne.

-- Im*pro"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*prov"a*bly, adv.

Im*prove" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- not + prove: cf. L. improbare, F. improuver.] 1. To disprove or make void; to refute. [Obs.]

Neither can any of them make so strong a reason which another can not improve.
Tyndale.

2. To disapprove; to find fault with; to reprove; to censure; as, to improve negligence. [Obs.] Chapman.

When he rehearsed his preachings and his doing unto the high apostles, they could improve nothing.
Tyndale.

Im*prove", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Improved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improving.] [Pref. in- in + prove, in approve. See Approve, Prove.] 1. To make better; to increase the value or good qualities of; to ameliorate by care or cultivation; as, to improve land. Donne.

I love not to improve the honor of the living by impairing that of the dead.
Denham.

2. To use or employ to good purpose; to make productive; to turn to profitable account; to utilize; as, to improve one's time; to improve his means. Shak.

We shall especially honor God by improving diligently the talents which God hath committed to us.
Barrow.

A hint that I do not remember to have seen opened and improved.
Addison.

The court seldom fails to improve the opportunity.
Blackstone.

How doth the little busy bee
Improve each shining hour.
I. Watts.

Those moments were diligently improved.
Gibbon.

True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to improve the occasion.
Washington.

3. To advance or increase by use; to augment or add to; -- said with reference to what is bad. [R.]

We all have, I fear, . . . not a little improved the wretched inheritance of our ancestors.
Bp. Porteus.

Syn. -- To better; meliorate; ameliorate; advance; heighten; mend; correct; rectify; amend; reform.

Im*prove", v. i. 1. To grow better; to advance or make progress in what is desirable; to make or show improvement; as, to improve in health.

We take care to improve in our frugality and diligence.
Atterbury.

2. To advance or progress in bad qualities; to grow worse. "Domitian improved in cruelty." Milner.

3. To increase; to be enhanced; to rise in value; as, the price of cotton improves.

To improve on or upon, to make useful additions or amendments to, or changes in; to bring nearer to perfection; as, to improve on the mode of tillage.

Im*prove"ment (?), n. 1. The act of improving; advancement or growth; promotion in desirable qualities; progress toward what is better; melioration; as, the improvement of the mind, of land, roads, etc.

I look upon your city as the best place of improvement.
South.

Exercise is the chief source of improvement in all our faculties.
Blair.

2. The act of making profitable use or applicaton of anything, or the state of being profitably employed; a turning to good account; practical application, as of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated in a discourse. "A good improvement of his reason." S. Clarke.

I shall make some improvement of this doctrine.
Tillotson.

3. The state of being improved; betterment; advance; also, that which is improved; as, the new edition is an improvement on the old.

The parts of Sinon, Camilla, and some few others, are improvements on the Greek poet.
Addison.

4. Increase; growth; progress; advance.

There is a design of publishing the history of architecture, with its several improvements and decays.
Addison.

Those vices which more particularly receive improvement by prosperity.
South.

5. pl. Valuable additions or betterments, as buildings, clearings, drains, fences, etc., on premises.

6. (Patent Laws) A useful addition to, or modification of, a machine, manufacture, or composition. Kent.

Im*prov"er (?), n. One who, or that which, improves.

Im`pro*vid"ed (?), a. Unforeseen; unexpected; not provided against; unprepared. [Obs.]

All improvided for dread of death.
E. Hall.

Im*prov"i*dence (?), n. [L. improvidentia; OF. improvidence. Cf. Imprudence.] The quality of being improvident; want of foresight or thrift.

The improvidence of my neighbor must not make me inhuman.
L'Estrange.

Im*prov"i*dent (?), a. [Pref. im- not + provident: cf. L. improvidus. See Provident, and cf. Imprudent.] Not provident; wanting foresight or forethought; not foreseeing or providing for the future; negligent; thoughtless; as, an improvident man.

Improvident soldiers! had your watch been good,
This sudden mischief never could have fallen.
Shak.

Syn. -- Inconsiderable; negligent; careless; shiftless; prodigal; wasteful.

Im*prov`i*den"tial*ly (?), adv. Improvidently. [R.]

Im*prov"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In a improvident manner. "Improvidently rash." Drayton.

Im*prov"ing (?), a. Tending to improve, beneficial; growing better. -- Im*prov"ing*ly, adv.

Improving lease (Scots Law), an extended lease to induce the tenant to make improvements on the premises.

Im*prov"i*sate (?), a. [See Improvise.] Unpremeditated; impromptu; extempore. [R.]

Im*prov"i*sate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Improvisated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improvisating (?).] To improvise; to extemporize.

Im*prov`i*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. improvisation.] 1. The act or art of composing and rendering music, poetry, and the like, extemporaneously; as, improvisation on the organ.

2. That which is improvised; an impromptu.

Im`pro*vis"a*tize (?), v. t. & i. Same as Improvisate.

Im*prov"i*sa`tor (?), n. An improviser, or improvvisatore.

||Im`pro*vi`sa*to"re (?), n. See Improvvisatore.

{ Im*prov`i*sa*to"ri*al (?), Im*prov"i*sa*to*ry (?), } a. Of or pertaining to improvisation or extemporaneous composition.

||Im`pro*vi`sa*tri"ce (?), n. See Improvvisatrice.

Im`pro*vise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Improvised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improvising.] [F. improviser, it. improvvisare, fr. improvviso unprovided, sudden, extempore, L. improvisus; pref. im- not + provisus foreseen, provided. See Proviso.] 1. To compose, recite, or sing extemporaneously, especially in verse; to extemporize; also, to play upon an instrument, or to act, extemporaneously.

2. To bring about, arrange, or make, on a sudden, or without previous preparation.

Charles attempted to improvise a peace.
Motley.

3. To invent, or provide, offhand, or on the spur of the moment; as, he improvised a hammer out of a stone.

Im`pro*vise", v. i. To produce or render extemporaneous compositions, especially in verse or in music, without previous preparation; hence, to do anything offhand.

Im`pro*vis"er (?), n. One who improvises.

Im`pro*vi"sion (?), n. [Pref. im- not + provision.] Improvidence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Im`pro*vi"so (?), a. [L. improvisus unforeseen; cf. It. improvviso.] Not prepared or mediated beforehand; extemporaneous. [Obs.] Jonhson.

||Im`prov*vi`sa*to"re (?), n.; pl. Improvvisatori (#). [It. See Improvise.] One who composes and sings or recites rhymes and short poems extemporaneously. [Written also improvisatore.]

||Im`prov*vi`sa*tri"ce (?), n.; pl. Improvvisatrici (#). [It. See Improvise.] A female improvvisatore. [Written also improvisatrice.]

Im*pru"dence (?), n. [L. imprudentia: cf. F. imprudence. Cf. Improvidence.] The quality or state of being imprudent; want to caution, circumspection, or a due regard to consequences; indiscretion; inconsideration; rashness; also, an imprudent act; as, he was guilty of an imprudence.

His serenity was interrupted, perhaps, by his own imprudence.
Mickle.

Im*pru"dent (?), a. [L. imprudens; pref. im- not + prudens prudent: cf. F. imprudent. See Prudent, and cf. Improvident.] Not prudent; wanting in prudence or discretion; indiscreet; injudicious; not attentive to consequence; improper. -- Im*pru"dent*ly, adv.

Her majesty took a great dislike at the imprudent behavior of many of the ministers and readers.
Strype.

Syn. -- Indiscreet; injudicious; incautious; ill-advised; unwise; heedless; careless; rash; negligent.

Im*pu"ber*al (&ibreve;m*pū"b&etilde;r*al), a. Not having arrived at puberty; immature.

In impuberal animals the cerebellum is, in proportion to the brain proper, greatly less than in adults.
Sir W. Hamilton.

Im*pu"ber*ty (-t&ybreve;), n. The condition of not having reached puberty, or the age of ability to reproduce one's species; want of age at which the marriage contract can be legally entered into.

Im"pu*dence (&ibreve;m"p&usl;*dens), n. [L. impudentia: cf. F. impudence. See Impudent.] The quality of being impudent; assurance, accompanied with a disregard of the presence or opinions of others; shamelessness; forwardness; want of modesty.

Clear truths that their own evidence forces us to admit, or common experience makes it impudence to deny.
Locke.

Where pride and impudence (in fashion knit)
Usurp the chair of wit.
B. Jonson.

Syn. -- Shamelessness; audacity; insolence; effrontery; sauciness; impertinence; pertness; rudeness. -- Impudence, Effrontery, Sauciness. Impudence refers more especially to the feelings as manifested in action. Effrontery applies to some gross and public exhibition of shamelessness. Sauciness refers to a sudden pert outbreak of impudence, especially from an inferior. Impudence is an unblushing kind of impertinence, and may be manifested in words, tones, gestures, looks, etc. Effrontery rises still higher, and shows a total or shameless disregard of duty or decorum under the circumstances of the case. Sauciness discovers itself toward particular individuals, in certain relations; as in the case of servants who are saucy to their masters, or children who are saucy to their teachers. See Impertinent, and Insolent.

Im"pu*den*cy (?), n. Impudence. [Obs.] Burton.

Audacious without impudency.
Shak.

Im"pu*dent (?), a. [L. impudens, -entis; pref. im- not + pudens ashamed, modest, p. pr. of pudere to feel shame: cf. F. impudent.] Bold, with contempt or disregard; unblushingly forward; impertinent; wanting modesty; shameless; saucy.

More than impudent sauciness.
Shak.

When we behold an angel, not to fear
Is to be impudent.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Shameless; audacious; brazen; bold-faced; pert; immodest; rude; saucy; impertinent; insolent.

Im"pu*dent*ly, adv. In an impudent manner; with unbecoming assurance; shamelessly.

At once assail
With open mouths, and impudently rail.
Sandys.

Im`pu*dic"i*ty (?), n. [L. impudicus immodest; im- not + pudicus shamefaced, modest: cf. F. impudicité, L. impudicitia.] Immodesty. Sheldon.

Im*pugn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impugned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impugning.] [OE. impugnen, F. impugner, fr. L. impugnare; in on, against + pugnare to flight. See Pugnacious.] To attack by words or arguments; to contradict; to assail; to call in question; to make insinuations against; to gainsay; to oppose.

The truth hereof I will not rashly impugn, or overboldly affirm.
Peacham.

Im*pugn"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being impugned; that may be gainsaid.

Im`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. impugnatio: cf. OF. impugnation.] Act of impugning; opposition; attack. [Obs.]

A perpetual impugnation and self- conflict.
Bp. Hall.

Im*pugn"er (?), n. One who impugns.

Im*pugn"ment (?), n. The act of impugning, or the state of being impugned. Ed. Rev.

Im*pu"is*sance (?), n. [Cf. F. impuissance.] Lack of power; inability. Bacon.

Their own impuissance and weakness.
Holland.

Im*pu"is*sant (?), a. [F., fr. pref. im- not + puissant. See Puissant.] Weak; impotent; feeble.

Im"pulse (?), n. [L. impulsus, fr. impellere. See Impel.]

1. The act of impelling, or driving onward with sudden force; impulsion; especially, force so communicated as to produced motion suddenly, or immediately.

All spontaneous animal motion is performed by mechanical impulse.
S. Clarke.

2. The effect of an impelling force; motion produced by a sudden or momentary force.

3. (Mech.) The action of a force during a very small interval of time; the effect of such action; as, the impulse of a sudden blow upon a hard elastic body.

4. A mental force which simply and directly urges to action; hasty inclination; sudden motive; momentary or transient influence of appetite or passion; propension; incitement; as, a man of good impulses; passion often gives a violent impulse to the will.

These were my natural impulses for the undertaking.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Force; incentive; influence; motive; feeling; incitement; instigation.

Im*pulse" (?), v. t. [See Impel.] To impel; to incite. [Obs.] Pope.

Im*pul"sion (?), n. [L. impulsio: cf. F. impulsion. See Impel.]

1. The act of impelling or driving onward, or the state of being impelled; the sudden or momentary agency of a body in motion on another body; also, the impelling force, or impulse. "The impulsion of the air." Bacon.

2. Influence acting unexpectedly or temporarily on the mind; sudden motive or influence; impulse. "The impulsion of conscience." Clarendon. "Divine impulsion prompting." Milton.

Im*pul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. impulsif.]

1. Having the power of driving or impelling; giving an impulse; moving; impellent.

Poor men! poor papers! We and they
Do some impulsive force obey.
Prior.

2. Actuated by impulse or by transient feelings.

My heart, impulsive and wayward.
Longfellow.

3. (Mech.) Acting momentarily, or by impulse; not continuous; -- said of forces.

Im*pul"sive (?), n. That which impels or gives an impulse; an impelling agent. Sir W. Wotton.

Im*pul"sive*ly, adv. In an impulsive manner.

Im*pul"sive*ness, n. The quality of being impulsive.

Im*pul"sor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, impels; an inciter. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Im*punc"tate (?), a. Not punctate or dotted.

Im*punc"tu*al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + punctual: cf. F. imponctuel.] Not punctual. [R.]

Im*punc`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. Neglect of, or failure in, punctuality. [R.] A. Hamilton.

Im*pune" (?), a. [L. impunis.] Unpunished. [R.]

Im*pu"ni*bly (?), adv. Without punishment; with impunity. [Obs.] J. Ellis.

Im*pu"ni*ty (?), n. [L. impunitas, fr. impunis without punishment; pref. im- not + poena punishment: cf. F. impunité. See Pain.] Exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss.

Heaven, though slow to wrath,
Is never with impunity defied.
Cowper.

The impunity and also the recompense.
Holland.

Im`pu*ra"tion (?), n. Defilement; obscuration. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Im*pure" (?), a. [L. impurus; pref. im- not + purus pure: cf. F. impur. See Pure.]

1. Not pure; not clean; dirty; foul; filthy; containing something which is unclean or unwholesome; mixed or impregnated extraneous substances; adulterated; as, impure water or air; impure drugs, food, etc.

2. Defiled by sin or guilt; unholy; unhallowed; -- said of persons or things.

3. Unchaste; lewd; unclean; obscene; as, impure language or ideas. "Impure desires." Cowper.

4. (Script.) Not purified according to the ceremonial law of Moses; unclean.

5. (Language) Not accurate; not idiomatic; as, impure Latin; an impure style.

Im*pure", v. t. To defile; to pollute. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Im*pure"ly, adv. In an impure manner.

Im*pure"ness, n. The quality or condition of being impure; impurity. Milton.

Im*pu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl. Impurities (#). [L. impuritas: cf. F. impureté.]

1. The condition or quality of being impure in any sense; defilement; foulness; adulteration.

Profaneness, impurity, or scandal, is not wit.
Buckminster.

2. That which is, or which renders anything, impure; foul matter, action, language, etc.; a foreign ingredient.

Foul impurities reigned among the monkish clergy.
Atterbury.

3. (Script.) Want of ceremonial purity; defilement.

Im*pur"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impurpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impurpling (?).] [Pref. im- in + purple. Cf. Empurple.] To color or tinge with purple; to make red or reddish; to purple; as, a field impurpled with blood.

Impurpled with celestial roses, smiled.
Milton.

The silken fleece impurpled for the loom.
Pope.

Im*put`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imputable; imputableness.

Im*put"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. imputable.]

1. That may be imputed; capable of being imputed; chargeable; ascribable; attributable; referable.

A prince whose political vices, at least, were imputable to mental incapacity.
Prescott.

2. Accusable; culpable. [R.]

The fault lies at his door, and she is no wise imputable.
Ayliffe.

Im*put"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being imputable.

Im*put"a*bly, adv. By imputation.

Im`pu*ta"tion (?), [L. imputatio an account, a charge: cf. F. imputation.]

1. The act of imputing or charging; attribution; ascription; also, anything imputed or charged.

Shylock. Antonio is a good man.
Bassanio. Have you heard any imputation to the contrary?
Shak.

If I had a suit to Master Shallow, I would humor his men with the imputation of being near their master.
Shak.

2. Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach; insinuation.

Let us be careful to guard ourselves against these groundless imputation of our enemies.
Addison.

3. (Theol.) A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another; as, the imputation of the sin of Adam, or the righteousness of Christ.

4. Opinion; intimation; hint.

Im*put"a*tive (?), a. [L. imputativus: cf. F. imputatif.] Transferred by imputation; that may be imputed. -- Im*put"a*tive*ly, adv.

Actual righteousness as well as imputative.
Bp. Warburton.

Im*pute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imputed; p. pr. & vb. n. Imputing.] [F. imputer, L. imputare to bring into the reckoning, charge, impute; pref. im- in + putare to reckon, think. See Putative.]

1. To charge; to ascribe; to attribute; to set to the account of; to charge to one as the author, responsible originator, or possessor; -- generally in a bad sense.

Nor you, ye proud, impute to these the fault,
If memory o'er their tomb no trophies raise.
Gray.

One vice of a darker shade was imputed to him - - envy.
Macaulay.

2. (Theol.) To adjudge as one's own (the sin or righteousness) of another; as, the righteousness of Christ is imputed to us.

It was imputed to him for righteousness.
Rom. iv. 22.

They merit
Imputed shall absolve them who renounce
Their own, both righteous and unrighteous deeds.
Milton.

3. To take account of; to consider; to regard. [R.]

If we impute this last humiliation as the cause of his death.
Gibbon.

Syn. -- To ascribe; attribute; charge; reckon; consider; imply; insinuate; refer. See Ascribe.

Im*put"er (?), n. One who imputes.

Im`pu*tres"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- + putrescible: cf. F. imputrescible.] Not putrescible.

Im"righ (?), n. [Scot.; Gael. eun- bhrigh chicken soup.] A peculiar strong soup or broth, made in Scotland. [Written also imrich.]

In- (?). [See In, prep. Cf. Em-, En-.] A prefix from Eng. prep. in, also from Lat. prep. in, meaning in, into, on, among; as, inbred, inborn, inroad; incline, inject, intrude. In words from the Latin, in- regularly becomes il- before l, ir- before r, and im- before a labial; as, illusion, irruption, imblue, immigrate, impart. In- is sometimes used with an simple intensive force.

In- (?). [L. in-; akin to E. un-. See Un-.] An inseparable prefix, or particle, meaning not, non-, un- as, inactive, incapable, inapt. In- regularly becomes il- before l, ir- before r, and im- before a labial.

-in. A suffix. See the Note under - ine.

In, prep. [AS. in; akin to D. & G. in, Icel. ī, Sw. & Dan. i, OIr. & L. in, Gr. 'en. √197. Cf. 1st In-, Inn.] The specific signification of in is situation or place with respect to surrounding, environment, encompassment, etc. It is used with verbs signifying being, resting, or moving within limits, or within circumstances or conditions of any kind conceived of as limiting, confining, or investing, either wholly or in part. In its different applications, it approaches some of the meanings of, and sometimes is interchangeable with, within, into, on, at, of, and among. It is used: --

1. With reference to space or place; as, he lives in Boston; he traveled in Italy; castles in the air.

The babe lying in a manger.
Luke ii. 16.

Thy sun sets weeping in the lowly west.
Shak.

Situated in the forty-first degree of latitude.
Gibbon.

Matter for censure in every page.
Macaulay.

2. With reference to circumstances or conditions; as, he is in difficulties; she stood in a blaze of light. "Fettered in amorous chains." Shak.

Wrapt in sweet sounds, as in bright veils.
Shelley.

3. With reference to a whole which includes or comprises the part spoken of; as, the first in his family; the first regiment in the army.

Nine in ten of those who enter the ministry.
Swift.

4. With reference to physical surrounding, personal states, etc., abstractly denoted; as, I am in doubt; the room is in darkness; to live in fear.

When shall we three meet again,
In thunder, lightning, or in rain?
Shak.

5. With reference to character, reach, scope, or influence considered as establishing a limitation; as, to be in one's favor. "In sight of God's high throne." Milton.

Sounds inharmonious in themselves, and harsh.
Cowper.

6. With reference to movement or tendency toward a certain limit or environment; -- sometimes equivalent to into; as, to put seed in the ground; to fall in love; to end in death; to put our trust in God.

He would not plunge his brother in despair.
Addison.

She had no jewels to deposit in their caskets.
Fielding.

7. With reference to a limit of time; as, in an hour; it happened in the last century; in all my life.

In as much as, or Inasmuch as, in the degree that; in like manner as; in consideration that; because that; since. See Synonym of Because, and cf. For as much as, under For, prep. -- In that, because; for the reason that. "Some things they do in that they are men . . . ; some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error." Hooker. -- In the name of, in behalf of; on the part of; by authority; as, it was done in the name of the people; -- often used in invocation, swearing, praying, and the like. -- To be in for it. (a) To be in favor of a thing; to be committed to a course. (b) To be unable to escape from a danger, penalty, etc. [Colloq.] -- To be (or keep) in with. (a) To be close or near; as, to keep a ship in with the land. (b) To be on terms of friendship, familiarity, or intimacy with; to secure and retain the favor of. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Into; within; on; at. See At.

In, adv. 1. Not out; within; inside. In, the preposition, becomes an adverb by omission of its object, leaving it as the representative of an adverbial phrase, the context indicating what the omitted object is; as, he takes in the situation (i. e., he comprehends it in his mind); the Republicans were in (i. e., in office); in at one ear and out at the other (i. e., in or into the head); his side was in (i. e., in the turn at the bat); he came in (i. e., into the house).

Their vacation . . . falls in so pat with ours.
Lamb.

&fist; The sails of a vessel are said, in nautical language, to be in when they are furled, or when stowed.

In certain cases in has an adjectival sense; as, the in train (i. e., the incoming train); compare up grade, down grade, undertow, afterthought, etc.

2. (Law) With privilege or possession; -- used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin; as, in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband. Burrill.

In and in breeding. See under Breeding. -- In and out (Naut.), through and through; -- said of a through bolt in a ship's side. Knight. -- To be in, to be at home; as, Mrs. A. is in. -- To come in. See under Come.

In, n. [Usually in the plural.] 1. One who is in office; -- the opposite of out.

2. A reëntrant angle; a nook or corner.

Ins and outs, nooks and corners; twists and turns.

All the ins and outs of this neighborhood.
D. Jerrold.

In (?), v. t. To inclose; to take in; to harvest. [Obs.]

He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop.
Shak.

In`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + ability: cf. F. inhabileté. See Able, and cf. Unable.] The quality or state of being unable; lack of ability; want of sufficient power, strength, resources, or capacity.

It is not from an inability to discover what they ought to do, that men err in practice.
Blair.

Syn. -- Impotence; incapacity; incompetence; weakness; powerlessness; incapability. See Disability.

In*a"ble (?), v. t. See Enable.

In*a"ble*ment (?), n. See Enablement. [Obs.]

In*ab"sti*nence (?), n. [Pref. in- not + abstinence: cf. F. inabstinence.] Want of abstinence; indulgence. [Obs.] "The inabstinence of Eve." Milton.

In`ab*stract"ed (?), a. Not abstracted.

In`a*bu"sive*ly (?), adv. Without abuse.

In`ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inaccessibilité.] The quality or state of being inaccessible; inaccessibleness. "The inaccessibility of the precipice." Bp. Butler.

In`ac*cess"i*ble (?), a. [L. inaccessibilis: cf. F. inaccessible. See In- not, and Accessible.] Not accessible; not to be reached, obtained, or approached; as, an inaccessible rock, fortress, document, prince, etc. -- In`ac*cess"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`ac*cess"i*bly, adv.

In`ac*cord"ant (?), a. Not accordant; discordant.

In*ac"cu*ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Inaccuracies (&?;).

1. The quality of being inaccurate; want of accuracy or exactness.

2. That which is inaccurate or incorrect; mistake; fault; defect; error; as, in inaccuracy in speech, copying, calculation, etc.

In*ac"cu*rate (?), a. Not accurate; not according to truth; inexact; incorrect; erroneous; as, in inaccurate man, narration, copy, judgment, calculation, etc.

The expression is plainly inaccurate.
Bp. Hurd.

Syn. -- Inexact; incorrect; erroneous; faulty; imperfect; incomplete; defective.

In*ac"cu*rate*ly, adv. In an inaccurate manner; incorrectly; inexactly.

In`ac*quaint"ance (?), a. Want of acquaintance. Good.

In*ac`qui*es"cent (?), a. Not acquiescent or acquiescing.

In*ac"tion (?), n. [Pref. in. not + action: cf. inaction.] Want of action or activity; forbearance from labor; idleness; rest; inertness. Berkeley.

In*ac"tive (?), a. [Pref. in- not + active: cf. F. inactif.]

1. Not active; having no power to move; that does not or can not produce results; inert; as, matter is, of itself, inactive.

2. Not disposed to action or effort; not diligent or industrious; not busy; idle; as, an inactive officer.

3. (Chem. & Opt.) Not active; inert; esp., not exhibiting any action or activity on polarized light; optically neutral; -- said of isomeric forms of certain substances, in distinction from other forms which are optically active; as, racemic acid is an inactive tartaric acid.

Syn. -- Inert; dull; sluggish; idle; indolent; slothful; lazy. See Inert.

In*ac"tive*ly, adv. In an inactive manner. Locke.

In`ac*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inactivité.]

1. The state or quality of being inactive; inertness; as, the inactivity of matter.

2. Idleness; habitual indisposition to action or exertion; want of energy; sluggishness.

The gloomy inactivity of despair.
Cook.

In*ac"tose (?), n. (Chem.) A variety of sugar, found in certain plants. It is optically inactive.

In*ac"tu*ate (?), v. t. To put in action. [Obs.]

In*ac`tu*a"tion (?), n. Operation. [Obs.]

In*ad`ap*ta"tion (?), n. Want of adaptation; unsuitableness.

In*ad"e*qua*cy (?), n. [From Inadequate.] The quality or state of being inadequate or insufficient; defectiveness; insufficiency; inadequateness.

The inadequacy and consequent inefficacy of the alleged causes.
Dr. T. Dwight.

In*ad"e*quate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + adequate: cf. F. inadéquat.] Not adequate; unequal to the purpose; insufficient; deficient; as, inadequate resources, power, conceptions, representations, etc. Dryden.

-- In*ad"e*quate*ly, adv. -- In*ad"e*quate*ness, n.

In*ad`e*qua"tion (?), n. Want of exact correspondence. [Obs.] Puller.

In`ad*her"ent (?), a. 1. Not adhering.

2. (Bot.) Free; not connected with the other organs.

In`ad*he"sion (?), n. Want of adhesion.

In`ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inadmissibilité.] The state or quality of being inadmissible, or not to be received.

In`ad*mis"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + admissible: cf. F. inadmissible.] Not admissible; not proper to be admitted, allowed, or received; as, inadmissible testimony; an inadmissible proposition, or explanation. -- In`ad*mis"si*bly, adv.

{ In`ad*vert"ence (?); pl. -ces (&?;), In`ad*vert"en*cy (?); pl. - cies (&?;), } n. [Cf. F. inadvertance.]

1. The quality of being inadvertent; lack of heedfulness or attentiveness; inattention; negligence; as, many mistakes proceed from inadvertence.

Inadvertency, or want of attendance to the sense and intention of our prayers.
Jer. Taylor.

2. An effect of inattention; a result of carelessness; an oversight, mistake, or fault from negligence.

The productions of a great genius, with many lapses an inadvertencies, are infinitely preferable to works of an inferior kind of author which are scrupulously exact.
Addison.

Syn. -- Inattention; heedlessness; carelessness; negligence; thoughtlessness. See Inattention.

In`ad*vert"ent (?), a. [Cf. F. inadvertant. See 2d In-, and Advert.] Not turning the mind to a matter; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive.

An inadvertent step may crush the snail
That crawls at evening in the public path.
Cowper.

-- In`ad*vert"ent*ly, adv.

In`ad*vis"a*ble (?), a. Not advisable. -- In`ad*vis"a*ble*ness, n.

In*af`fa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inaffabilité.] Want of affability or sociability; reticence.

In*af"fa*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + affable.] Not affable; reserved in social intercourse.

In*af`fec*ta"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + affectation: cf. F. inaffectation.] Freedom from affectation; naturalness. [R.]

In`af*fect"ed (?), a. Unaffected. [Obs.] -- In`af*fect"ed*ly, adv. [Obs.]

In*aid"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being assisted; helpless. [R.] Shak.

In*al`ien*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inalienable.

In*al"ien*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + alienable: cf. F. inaliénable.] Incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred to another; not alienable; as, in inalienable birthright.

In*al"ien*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inalienable; inalienability.

In*al"ien*a*bly, adv. In a manner that forbids alienation; as, rights inalienably vested.

In*al`i*men"tal (?), a. Affording no aliment or nourishment. [Obs.] Bacon.

In*al`ter*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inaltérabilité.] The quality of being unalterable or unchangeable; permanence.

In*al"ter*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + alterable: cf. F. inaltérable.] Not alterable; incapable of being altered or changed; unalterable. -- In*al"ter*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*al"ter*a*bly, adv.

In*a"mi*a*ble (?), a. Unamiable. [Obs.] -- In*a"mi*a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

In`a*mis"si*ble (?), a. [L. inamissibilis: cf. F. inamissible.] Incapable of being lost. [R.] Hammond. -- In`a*mis"si*ble*ness, n. [R.]

In*a`mo*ra"ta (?), n. [It. innamorata, fem., innamorato, masc., p. p. of innamorare to inspire with love. See Enamor.] A woman in love; a mistress. "The fair inamorata." Sherburne.

In*am"o*rate (?), a. Enamored. Chapman. -- In*am"o*rate*ly, adv. [R.]

||In*a`mo*ra"to (?), n.; pl. Inamoratos (#). [See Inamorata.] A male lover.

In`a*mov"a*ble (?), a. Not amovable or removable. [R.] Palgrave.

In"-and-in" (?), n. An old game played with four dice. In signified a doublet, or two dice alike; in-and-in, either two doubles, or the four dice alike.

In and in, a. & adv. Applied to breeding from a male and female of the same parentage. See under Breeding.

In*ane" (?), a. [L. inanis.] Without contents; empty; void of sense or intelligence; purposeless; pointless; characterless; useless. "Vague and inane instincts." I. Taylor. -- In*ane"ly, adv.

In*ane", n. That which is void or empty. [R.]

The undistinguishable inane of infinite space.
Locke.

In*an"gu*lar (?), a. Not angular. [Obs.]

{ In`a*nil"o*quent (?), In`a*nil"o*quous (?), } a. [L. inanis empty + loqui to speak.] Given to talking inanely; loquacious; garrulous. [R.]

In*an"i*mate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in (or intensively) + animate.] To animate. [Obs.] Donne.

In*an"i*mate (?), a. [L. inanimatus; pref. in- not + animatus animate.] Not animate; destitute of life or spirit; lifeless; dead; inactive; dull; as, stones and earth are inanimate substances.

Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves.
Byron.

Syn. -- Lifeless; dead; inert; inactive; dull; soulless; spiritless. See Lifeless.

In*an"i*ma`ted (?), a. Destitute of life; lacking animation; unanimated. Pope.

In*an"i*mate*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being inanimate.

The deadness and inanimateness of the subject.
W. Montagu.

In*an`i*ma"tion (?), n. [See 2d Inanimate.] Want of animation; lifeless; dullness.

In*an`i*ma"tion, n. [See 1st Inanimate.] Infusion of life or vigor; animation; inspiration. [Obs.]

The inanimation of Christ living and breathing within us.
Bp. Hall.

In`a*ni"ti*ate (?), v. t. To produce inanition in; to exhaust for want of nourishment. [R.]

In`a*ni`ti*a"tion (?), n. Inanition. [R.]

In`a*ni"tion (?), n. [F. inanition, L. inanitio emptiness, fr. inanire to empty, fr. inanis empty. Cf. Inane.] The condition of being inane; emptiness; want of fullness, as in the vessels of the body; hence, specifically, exhaustion from want of food, either from partial or complete starvation, or from a disorder of the digestive apparatus, producing the same result.

Feeble from inanition, inert from weariness.
Landor.

Repletion and inanition may both do harm in two contrary extremes.
Burton.

In*an"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Inanities (#). [L. inanitas, fr. inanis empty: cf. F. inanité. See Inane.]

1. Inanition; void space; vacuity; emptiness.

2. Want of seriousness; aimlessness; frivolity.

3. An inane, useless thing or pursuit; a vanity; a silly object; -- chiefly in pl.; as, the inanities of the world.

In*an"ther*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Not bearing anthers; -- said of sterile stamens.

||In an"tis (?). [L.] (Arch.) Between antæ; -- said of a portico in classical style, where columns are set between two antæ, forming the angles of the building. See Anta.

In*ap"a*thy (?), n. Sensibility; feeling; -- opposed to apathy. [R.]

In`ap*peal"a*ble (?), a. Not admitting of appeal; not appealable. Coleridge.

In`ap*peas"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being appeased or satisfied; unappeasable.

In`ap*pel`la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inappellable; finality.

The inappellability of the councils.
Coleridge.

In`ap*pel"la*ble (?), a. Inappealable; final.

{ In*ap"pe*tence (?), In*ap"pe*ten*cy (?), } n. [Pref. in- not + appetence: cf. F. inappétence.] Want of appetency; want of desire.

In*ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inapplicabilité.] The quality of being inapplicable; unfitness; inapplicableness.

In*ap"pli*ca*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + applicable.] Not applicable; incapable of being applied; not adapted; not suitable; as, the argument is inapplicable to the case. J. S. Mill.

Syn. -- Unsuitable; unsuited; unadapted; inappropriate; inapposite; irrelevant.

-- In*ap"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. -- In*ap"pli*ca*bly, adv.

In*ap`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + application: cf. F. inapplication.] Want of application, attention, or diligence; negligence; indolence.

In*ap"po*site (?), a. Not apposite; not fit or suitable; not pertinent. -- In*ap"po*site*ly, adv.

In`ap*pre"ci*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + appreciable: cf. F. inappréciable.] Not appreciable; too small to be perceived; incapable of being duly valued or estimated. Hallam.

In`ap*pre"ci*a"tion (?), n. Want of appreciation.

In*ap`pre*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. inapprehensibilis: cf. F. inappréhensible.] Not apprehensible; unintelligible; inconceivable. Milton.

In*ap`pre*hen"sion (?), n. Want of apprehension.

In*ap`pre*hen"sive (?), a. Not apprehensive; regardless; unconcerned. Jer. Taylor.

In`ap*proach"a*ble (?), a. Not approachable; unapproachable; inaccessible; unequaled. -- In`ap*proach"a*bly, adv.

In`ap*pro"pri*ate (?), a. Not instrument (to); not appropriate; unbecoming; unsuitable; not specially fitted; -- followed by to or for. -- In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ly, adv. -- In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ness, n.

In*apt" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + apt: cf. F. inapte. Cf. Inept.] Unapt; not apt; unsuitable; inept. -- In*apt"ly, adv. -- In*apt"ness, n.

In*apt"i*tude (?), n. [In- + aptitude: cf. F. inaptitude. Cf. Ineptitude.] Want of aptitude.

In*a"quate (?), a. [L. inaquatus, p. p. of inaquare to make into water; pref. in- in + aqua water.] Embodied in, or changed into, water. [Obs.] Cranmer.

In`a*qua"tion (?), n. The state of being inaquate. [Obs.] Bp. Gardiner.

In*ar"a*ble (?), a. Not arable. [R.]

In*arch" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inarched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inarching.] To graft by uniting, as a scion, to a stock, without separating either from its root before the union is complete; -- also called to graft by approach. P. Miler.

In*arch"ing, n. A method of ingrafting. See Inarch.

In`ar*tic"u*late (?), a. [L. inarticulatus; pref. in- not + articulatus articulate.]

1. Not uttered with articulation or intelligible distinctness, as speech or words.

Music which is inarticulate poesy.
Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Not jointed or articulated; having no distinct body segments; as, an inarticulate worm. (b) Without a hinge; -- said of an order (Inarticulata or Ecardines) of brachiopods.

3. Incapable of articulating. [R.]

The poor earl, who is inarticulate with palsy.
Walpole.

In`ar*tic"u*la`ted (?), a. Not articulated; not jointed or connected by a joint.

In`ar*tic"u*late*ly (?), adv. In an inarticulate manner. Hammond.

In`ar*tic"u*late*ness, n. The state or quality of being inarticulate.

In`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inarticulation.] Inarticulateness. Chesterfield.

In*ar`ti*fi"cial (?), a. [Pref. in- not + artificial: cf. F. inartificiel.] Not artificial; not made or elaborated by art; natural; simple; artless; as, an inartificial argument; an inartificial character. -- In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ly, adv. -- In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ness, n.

In`as*much" (?), adv. [In + as + much.] In like degree; in like manner; seeing that; considering that; since; -- followed by as. See In as much as, under In, prep.

Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me.
Matt. xxv. 45.

Syn. -- Because; since; for; as. See Because.

In`at*ten"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + attention: cf. F. inattention.] Want of attention, or failure to pay attention; disregard; heedlessness; neglect.

Novel lays attract our ravished ears;
But old, the mind inattention hears.
Pope.

Syn. -- Inadvertence; heedlessness; negligence; carelessness; disregard; remissness; thoughtlessness; neglect. -- Inattention, Inadvertence. We miss seeing a thing through inadvertence when do not happen to look at it; through inattention when we give no heed to it, though directly before us. The latter is therefore the worse. Inadvertence may be an involuntary accident; inattention is culpable neglect. A versatile mind is often inadvertent; a careless or stupid one is inattentive.

In`at*ten"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. inattentif.] Not attentive; not fixing the mind on an object; heedless; careless; negligent; regardless; as, an inattentive spectator or hearer; an inattentive habit. I. Watts.

Syn. -- Careless; heedless; regardless; thoughtless; negligent; remiss; inadvertent.

-- In`at*ten"tive*ly, adv. -- In`at*ten"tive*ness, n.

In*au`di*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inaudible; inaudibleness.

In*au"di*ble (?), a. [L. inaudibilis; pref. in- not + audire to hear: cf. F. unaudible. See In- not, and Audible.] Not audible; incapable of being heard; silent. -- In*au"di*ble*ness, n. -- In*au"di*bly, adv.

In*au"gur (?), v. t. [Cf. F. inaugurer. See Inaugurate.] To inaugurate. [Obs.] Latimer.

In*au"gu*ral (?), a. [Cf. F. inaugural.] Pertaining to, or performed or pronounced at, an inauguration; as, an inaugural address; the inaugural exercises.

In*au"gu*ral, n. An inaugural address. [U.S.]

In*au"gu*rate (?), a. [L. inauguratus, p. p. of inaugurare to take omens from the flight of birds (before entering upon any important undertaking); hence, to consecrate, inaugurate, or install, with such divination; pref. in- in + augurare, augurari, to augur. See Augur.] Invested with office; inaugurated. Drayton.

In*au"gu*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inaugurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inaugurating (?).]

1. To introduce or induct into an office with suitable ceremonies or solemnities; to invest with power or authority in a formal manner; to install; as, to inaugurate a president; to inaugurate a king. Milton.

2. To cause to begin, esp. with formality or solemn ceremony; hence, to set in motion, action, or progress; to initiate; -- used especially of something of dignity or worth or public concern; as, to inaugurate a new era of things, new methods, etc.

As if kings did choose remarkable days to inaugurate their favors.
Sir H. Wotton.

3. To celebrate the completion of, or the first public use of; to dedicate, as a statue. [Colloq.]

4. To begin with good omens. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

In*au`gu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. inauguratio a beginning: cf. F. inauguration.]

1. The act of inuagurating, or inducting into office with solemnity; investiture by appropriate ceremonies.

At his regal inauguration, his old father resigned the kingdom to him.
Sir T. Browne.

2. The formal beginning or initiation of any movement, course of action, etc.; as, the inauguration of a new system, a new condition, etc.

In*au"gu*ra`tor (?), n. One who inaugurates.

In*au"gu*ra*to*ry (?), a. Suitable for, or pertaining to, inauguration. Johnson.

In*au"rate (?), a. [L. inauratus, p. p. inaurare to gild; pref. in- in + aurum gold.] Covered with gold; gilded.

In*au"rate (?), v. t. To cover with gold; to gild.

In`au*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inauration.] The act or process of gilding or covering with gold.

In*aus"pi*cate (?), a. [L. inauspicatus; pref. in- not + auspicatus, p. p. auspicari. See Auspicate.] Inauspicious. [Obs.] Sir G. Buck.

In`aus*pi"cious (?), a. Not auspicious; ill-omened; unfortunate; unlucky; unfavorable. "Inauspicious stars." Shak. "Inauspicious love." Dryden.

-- In`aus*pi"cious*ly, adv. -- In`aus*pi"cious*ness, n.

In`au*thor"i*ta*tive (?), a. Without authority; not authoritative.

In"barge (?), v. t. & i. To embark; to go or put into a barge. [Obs.] Drayton.

In"beam`ing (?), n. Shining in. South.

In"be`ing (?), n. Inherence; inherent existence. I. Watts.

In*bind" (?), v. t. To inclose. [Obs.] Fairfax.

In"blown` (?), a. Blown in or into. [Obs.]

In"board` (?), a. & adv. 1. (Naut.) Inside the line of a vessel's bulwarks or hull; the opposite of outboard; as, an inboard cargo; haul the boom inboard.

2. (Mech.) From without inward; toward the inside; as, the inboard stroke of a steam engine piston, the inward or return stroke.

In"born` (?), a. Born in or with; implanted by nature; innate; as, inborn passions. Cowper.

Syn. -- Innate; inherent; natural.

{ In"break` (?), In"break`ing, } n. A breaking in; inroad; invasion.

In*breathe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inbreathed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inbreathing.] To infuse by breathing; to inspire. Coleridge.

In"bred` (?), a. Bred within; innate; as, inbred worth. "Inbred sentiments." Burke.

In*breed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inbred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inbreeding.] [Cf. Imbreed.]

1. To produce or generate within. Bp. Reynolds.

To inbreed and cherish . . . the seeds of virtue.
Milton.

2. To breed in and in. See under Breed, v. i.

In"burn`ing (?), a. Burning within.

Her inburning wrath she gan abate.
Spenser.

In"burnt` (?), a. Burnt in; ineffaceable.

Her inburnt, shamefaced thoughts.
P. Fletcher.

In"burst` (?), n. A bursting in or into.

Inc (?), n. A Japanese measure of length equal to about two and one twelfth yards. [Written also ink.]

In"ca (?), n. (a) An emperor or monarch of Peru before, or at the time of, the Spanish conquest; any member of this royal dynasty, reputed to have been descendants of the sun. (b) pl. The people governed by the Incas, now represented by the Quichua tribe.

Inca dove (Zoöl.), a small dove (Scardafella inca), native of Arizona, Lower California, and Mexico.

In*cage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incaging (?).] [Cf. Encage.] To confine in, or as in, a cage; to coop up. [Written also encage.] "Incaged birds." Shak.

In*cage"ment (?), n. Confinement in, or as in, cage. [Obs.] Shelton.

In*cal`cu*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being incalculable.

In*cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + calculable: cf. F. incalculable.] Not capable of being calculated; beyond calculation; very great. -- In*cal"cu*la*ble*ness, n. -- In*cal"cu*la*bly, adv.

In`ca*les"cence (?), n. The state of being incalescent, or of growing warm. Sir T. Browne.

In`ca*les"cen*cy (?), n. Incalescence. Ray.

In`ca*les"cent (?), a. [L. incalescens, -entis, p. pr. of incalescere to grow hot. See 1st In-, and Calescence.] Growing warm; increasing in heat.

In*cam`er*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- in + L. camera chamber, LL., also, jurisdiction: cf. F. incamération, It. incamerazione.] (R. C. Ch.) The act or process of uniting lands, rights, or revenues, to the ecclesiastical chamber, i. e., to the pope's domain.

In"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Incas.

In`can*des"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. incandescence.] A white heat, or the glowing or luminous whiteness of a body caused by intense heat.

In`can*des"cent (?), a. [L. incandecens, -entis, p. pr. of incandescere to become warm or hot; pref. in- in + candescere to become of a glittering whiteness, to become red hot, incho. fr. candere to be of a glittering whiteness: cf. F. incandescent. See Candle.] White, glowing, or luminous, with intense heat; as, incandescent carbon or platinum; hence, clear; shining; brilliant.

Holy Scripture become resplendent; or, as one might say, incandescent throughout.
I. Taylor.

Incandescent lamp or light (Elec.), a kind of lamp in which the light is produced by a thin filament of conducting material, usually carbon, contained in a vacuum, and heated to incandescence by an electric current, as in the Edison lamp; -- called also incandescence lamp, and glowlamp.

In`ca*nes"cent (?), a. [L. incanescens, p. pr. incanescere to become gray.] Becoming hoary or gray; canescent.

In*ca"nous (?), a. [L. incanus; pref. in- in + canus hoary.] (Bot.) Hoary with white pubescence.

In`can*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incantatio, fr. incantare to chant a magic formula over one: cf. F. incantation. See Enchant.]

1. The act or process of using formulas sung or spoken, with occult ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits, producing enchantment, or affecting other magical results; enchantment. "Mysterious ceremony and incantation." Burke.

2. A formula of words used as above.

In*cant"a*to*ry (?), a. Dealing by enchantment; magical. Sir T. Browne.

In*cant"ing, a. Enchanting. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

In*can"ton (?), v. t. To unite to, or form into, a canton or separate community. Addison.

In*ca`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. 1. The quality of being incapable; incapacity. Suckling.

2. (Law) Want of legal qualifications, or of legal power; as, incapability of holding an office.

In*ca"pa*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + capable: cf. F. incapable, L. incapabilis incomprehensible.]

1. Wanting in ability or qualification for the purpose or end in view; not large enough to contain or hold; deficient in physical strength, mental or moral power, etc.; not capable; as, incapable of holding a certain quantity of liquid; incapable of endurance, of comprehension, of perseverance, of reform, etc.

2. Not capable of being brought to do or perform, because morally strong or well disposed; -- used with reference to some evil; as, incapable of wrong, dishonesty, or falsehood.

3. Not in a state to receive; not receptive; not susceptible; not able to admit; as, incapable of pain, or pleasure; incapable of stain or injury.

4. (Law) Unqualified or disqualified, in a legal sense; as, a man under thirty-five years of age is incapable of holding the office of president of the United States; a person convicted on impeachment is thereby made incapable of holding an office of profit or honor under the government.

5. (Mil.) As a term of disgrace, sometimes annexed to a sentence when an officer has been cashiered and rendered incapable of serving his country.

&fist; Incapable is often used elliptically.

Is not your father grown incapable of reasonable affairs?
Shak.

Syn. -- Incompetent; unfit; unable; insufficient; inadequate; deficient; disqualified. See Incompetent.

In*ca"pa*ble, n. One who is morally or mentally weak or inefficient; an imbecile; a simpleton.

In*ca"pa*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being incapable; incapability.

In*ca"pa*bly, adv. In an incapable manner.

In`ca*pa"cious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + capacious: cf. L. incapax incapable.] Not capacious; narrow; small; weak or foolish; as, an incapacious soul. Bp. Burnet. -- In`ca*pa"cious*ness, n.

In`ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incapacitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incapacitating (?).] [Pref. in- not + capacitate.]

1. To deprive of capacity or natural power; to disable; to render incapable or unfit; to disqualify; as, his age incapacitated him for war.

2. (Law) To deprive of legal or constitutional requisites, or of ability or competency for the performance of certain civil acts; to disqualify.

It absolutely incapacitated them from holding rank, office, function, or property.
Milman.

In`ca*pac`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of incapacitating or state of being incapacitated; incapacity; disqualification. Burke.

In`ca*pac"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incapacities (&?;). [Cf. F. incapacité.]

1. Want of capacity; lack of physical or intellectual power; inability.

2. (Law) Want of legal ability or competency to do, give, transmit, or receive something; inability; disqualification; as, the inacapacity of minors to make binding contracts, etc.

Syn. -- Inability; incapability; incompetency; unfitness; disqualification; disability.

In*cap"su*late (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To inclose completely, as in a membrane.

In*cap`su*la"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The process of becoming, or the state or condition of being, incapsulated; as, incapsulation of the ovum in the uterus.

In*car"cer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incarcerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incarcerating (?).] [Pref. in- in + L. carceratus, p. p. of carcerare to imprison, fr. carcer prison.]

1. To imprison; to confine in a jail or prison.

2. To confine; to shut up or inclose; to hem in.

Incarcerated hernia (Med.), hernia in which the constriction can not be easily reduced.

In*car"cer*ate (?), a. Imprisoned. Dr. H. More.

In*car`cer*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incarcération.]

1. The act of confining, or the state of being confined; imprisonment. Glanvill.

2. (Med.) (a) Formerly, strangulation, as in hernia. (b) A constriction of the hernial sac, rendering it irreducible, but not great enough to cause strangulation.

In*car"cer*a`tor (?), n. One who incarcerates.

In*carn" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. incarner. See Incarnate.] To cover or invest with flesh. [R.] Wiseman.

In*carn", v. i. To develop flesh. [R.] Wiseman.

In*car"na*dine (?), a. [F. incarnadin, It. incarnatino; L. pref. in- in + caro, carnis, flesh. Cf. Carnation, Incarnate.] Flesh-colored; of a carnation or pale red color. [Obs.] Lovelace.

In*car"na*dine, v. t. To dye red or crimson.

Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood
Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather
The multitudinous seas incarnadine,
Making the green one red.
Shak.

In*car"nate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + carnate.] Not in the flesh; spiritual. [Obs.]

I fear nothing . . . that devil carnate or incarnate can fairly do.
Richardson.

In*car"nate, a. [L. incarnatus, p. p. of incarnare to incarnate, pref. in- in + caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.]

1. Invested with flesh; embodied in a human nature and form; united with, or having, a human body.

Here shalt thou sit incarnate.
Milton.

He represents the emperor and his wife as two devils incarnate, sent into the world for the destruction of mankind.
Jortin.

2. Flesh-colored; rosy; red. [Obs.] Holland.

In*car"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incarnated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incarnating (?).] To clothe with flesh; to embody in flesh; to invest, as spirits, ideals, etc., with a human from or nature.

This essence to incarnate and imbrute,
That to the height of deity aspired.
Milton.

In*car"nate, v. i. To form flesh; to granulate, as a wound. [R.]

My uncle Toby's wound was nearly well -- 't was just beginning to incarnate.
Sterne.

In`car*na"tion (?), n. [F. incarnation, LL. incarnatio.]

1. The act of clothing with flesh, or the state of being so clothed; the act of taking, or being manifested in, a human body and nature.

2. (Theol.) The union of the second person of the Godhead with manhood in Christ.

3. An incarnate form; a personification; a manifestation; a reduction to apparent from; a striking exemplification in person or act.

She is a new incarnation of some of the illustrious dead.
Jeffrey.

The very incarnation of selfishness.
F. W. Robertson.

4. A rosy or red color; flesh color; carnation. [Obs.]

5. (Med.) The process of healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh; granulation.

In*car"na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. incarnatif.] Causing new flesh to grow; healing; regenerative. -- n. An incarnative medicine.

In*car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Incarnation, and -fy.] The act of assuming, or state of being clothed with, flesh; incarnation.

In*case" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incasing.] [F. encaisser; pref. en- (L. in) + caisse case. See Case a box, and cf. Encase, Enchase.] To inclose in a case; to inclose; to cover or surround with something solid.

Rich plates of gold the folding doors incase.
Pope.

In*case"ment (?), n. [Cf. Casement.]

1. The act or process of inclosing with a case, or the state of being incased.

2. That which forms a case, covering, or inclosure.

In*cask" (?), v. t. To cover with a casque or as with a casque. Sherwood.

In*cas"tel*la`ted (?), a. Confined or inclosed in a castle.

In*cas"telled (?), a. (Far.) Hoofbound. Crabb.

In*cat`e*na"tion (?), n. [LL. incatenatio; L. pref. in- in + catena chain. See Enchain.] The act of linking together; enchaining. [R.] Goldsmith.

In*cau"tion (?), n. Want of caution. Pope.

In*cau"tious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + cautious: cf. L. incautus.] Not cautious; not circumspect; not attending to the circumstances on which safety and interest depend; heedless; careless; as, an incautious step; an incautious remark.

You . . . incautious tread
On fire with faithless embers overspread.
Francis.

His rhetorical expressions may easily captivate any incautious reader.
Keill.

Syn. -- Unwary; indiscreet; inconsiderate; imprudent; impolitic; careless; heedless; thoughtless.

-- In*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- In*cau"tious*ness, n.

In"ca*va`ted (&ibreve;n"k&adot;*vā`t&ebreve;d), a. [L. incavatus, p. p. of incavare to make hollow: pref in- in + cavare to hollow out, fr. cavus hollow.] Made hollow; bent round or in.

In`ca*va"tion (&ibreve;n`k&adot;*vā"shŭn), n. Act of making hollow; also, a hollow; an excavation; a depression.

In*caved" (&ibreve;n*kāvd), a. [Pref. in- in + cave. Cf. Encave, Incavated.] Inclosed in a cave.

In*cav"erned (&ibreve;n*kăv"&etilde;rnd), a. Inclosed or shut up as in a cavern. Drayton.

In*ced"ing*ly (&ibreve;n*sēd"&ibreve;ng*l&ybreve;), adv. [L. incedere to walk majestically.] Majestically. [R.] C. Bronté.

In`ce*leb"ri*ty (?), n. Want of celebrity or distinction; obscurity. [R.] Coleridge.

In*cend" (?), v. t. [L. incendere, incensum, to kindle, burn. See Incense to inflame.] To inflame; to excite. [Obs.] Marston.

In*cen"di*a*rism (?), n. [From Incendiary.] The act or practice of maliciously setting fires; arson.

In*cen"di*a*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Incendiaries (#). [L. incendiarius: cf. F. incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.]

1. Any person who maliciously sets fire to a building or other valuable or other valuable property.

2. A person who excites or inflames factions, and promotes quarrels or sedition; an agitator; an exciter.

Several cities . . . drove them out as incendiaries.
Bentley.

In*cen"di*a*ry, a. [L. incendiarius, fr. incendium a fire, conflagration: cf. F. incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.]

1. Of or pertaining to incendiarism, or the malicious burning of valuable property; as, incendiary material; as incendiary crime.

2. Tending to excite or inflame factions, sedition, or quarrel; inflammatory; seditious. Paley.

Incendiary shell, a bombshell. See Carcass, 4.

In*cen"di*ous (?), a. [L. incendiosus burning, hot.] Promoting faction or contention; seditious; inflammatory. [Obs.] Bacon. -- In*cen"di*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

In*cen"sant (?), a. [See Incense to anger.] (Her.) A modern term applied to animals (as a boar) when borne as raging, or with furious aspect.

In`cen*sa"tion (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) The offering of incense. [R.] Encyc. Brit.

In*cense" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.] [L. incensus, p. p. of incendere; pref. in- in + root of candere to glow. See Candle.]

1. To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle; to burn. [Obs.]

Twelve Trojan princes wait on thee, and labor to incense
Thy glorious heap of funeral.
Chapman.

2. To inflame with anger; to endkindle; to fire; to incite; to provoke; to heat; to madden.

The people are incensed him.
Shak.

Syn. -- To enrage; exasperate; provoke; anger; irritate; heat; fire; instigate.

In"cense (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.] [LL. incensare: cf. F. encenser. See Incense, n.]

1. To offer incense to. See Incense. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To perfume with, or as with, incense. "Incensed with wanton sweets." Marston.

In"cense (?), n. [OE. encens, F. encens, L. incensum, fr. incensus, p. p. of incendere to burn. See Incense to inflame.]

1. The perfume or odors exhaled from spices and gums when burned in celebrating religious rites or as an offering to some deity.

A thick cloud of incense went up.
Ezek. viii. 11.

2. The materials used for the purpose of producing a perfume when burned, as fragrant gums, spices, frankincense, etc.

Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon.
Lev. x. 1.

3. Also used figuratively.

Or heap the shrine of luxury and pride,
With incense kindled at the Muse's flame.
Gray.

Incense tree, the name of several balsamic trees of the genus Bursera (or Icica) mostly tropical American. The gum resin is used for incense. In Jamaica the Chrysobalanus Icaco, a tree related to the plums, is called incense tree. -- Incense wood, the fragrant wood of the tropical American tree Bursera heptaphylla.

In"cense-breath`ing (?), a. Breathing or exhaling incense. "Incense-breathing morn." Gray.

In*censed" (?), a. 1. Angered; enraged.

2. (Her.) Represented as enraged, as any wild creature depicted with fire issuing from mouth and eyes.

In*cense"ment (?), n. Fury; rage; heat; exasperation; as, implacable incensement. Shak.

In*cen"ser (?), n. One who instigates or incites.

In*cen"sion (?), n. [L. incensio. See Incense to inflame.] The act of kindling, or the state of being kindled or on fire. Bacon.

In*cen"sive (?), a. Tending to excite or provoke; inflammatory. Barrow.

In*cen"sor (?), n. [L.] A kindler of anger or enmity; an inciter.

In*cen"so*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Incensories (#). [LL. incensorium: cf. F. encensoir. See 2d Incense, and cf. Censer.] The vessel in which incense is burned and offered; a censer; a thurible. [R.] Evelyn.

In*cen"sur*a*ble (?; 135), a. [Pref. in- not + censurable: cf. F. incensurable.] Not censurable. Dr. T. Dwight. -- In*cen"sur*a*bly, adv.

In*cen"ter (?), n. (Geom.) The center of the circle inscribed in a triangle.

In*cen"tive (?), a. [L. incentivus, from incinere to strike up or set the tune; pref. in- + canere to sing. See Enchant, Chant.]

1. Inciting; encouraging or moving; rousing to action; stimulative.

Competency is the most incentive to industry.
Dr. H. More.

2. Serving to kindle or set on fire. [R.]

Part incentive reed
Provide, pernicious with one touch of fire.
Milton.

In*cen"tive, n. [L. incentivum.] That which moves or influences the mind, or operates on the passions; that which incites, or has a tendency to incite, to determination or action; that which prompts to good or ill; motive; spur; as, the love of money, and the desire of promotion, are two powerful incentives to action.

The greatest obstacles, the greatest terrors that come in their way, are so far from making them quit the work they had begun, that they rather prove incentives to them to go on in it.
South.

Syn. -- Motive; spur; stimulus; incitement; encouragement; inducement; influence.

In*cen"tive*ly, adv. Incitingly; encouragingly.

In*cep"tion (?), n. [L. inceptio, fr. incipere to begin; pref. in- in + capere to take. See Capable.]

1. Beginning; commencement; initiation. Bacon.

Marked with vivacity of inception, apathy of progress, and prematureness of decay.
Rawle.

2. Reception; a taking in. [R.] Poe.

In*cep"tive (?), a. Beginning; expressing or indicating beginning; as, an inceptive proposition; an inceptive verb, which expresses the beginning of action; -- called also inchoative. -- In*cep"tive*ly, adv.

In*cep"tive, n. An inceptive word, phrase, or clause.

In*cep"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. A beginner; one in the rudiments. Johnson.

2. One who is on the point of taking the degree of master of arts at an English university. Walton.

In`cer*a"tion (?), n. [L. incerare to smear with wax; pref. in- in + cerare to wax, fr. cera wax: cf. F. incération.] The act of smearing or covering with wax. B. Jonson.

In*cer"a*tive (?), a. Cleaving or sticking like wax. Cotgrave.

In*cer"tain (?), n. [Pref. in- not + certain: cf. F. incertain, L. incertus. See Certain.] Uncertain; doubtful; unsteady. -- In*cer"tain*ly, adv.

Very questionable and of uncertain truth.
Sir T. Browne.

In*cer"tain*ty (?), n. Uncertainty. [Obs.] Shak.

In*cer"ti*tude (?), n. [Cf. F. incertitude, LL. incertitudo, fr. L. incertus. See Incertain.] Uncertainty; doubtfulness; doubt.

The incertitude and instability of this life.
Holland.

He fails . . . from mere incertitude or irresolution.
I. Taylor.

||In*cer"tum (?), a. Doubtful; not of definite form.

Opus incertum (Anc. Arch.), a kind of masonry employed in building walls, in which the stones were not squared nor laid in courses; rubblework.

In*ces"sa*ble (?), a. [L. incessabilis; pref. in- not + cessare to cease.] Unceasing; continual. [Obs.] Shelton. -- In*ces"sa*bly, adv. [Obs.]

In*ces"san*cy (?), n. [From Incessant.] The quality of being incessant; unintermitted continuance; unceasingness. Dr. T. Dwight.

In*ces"sant (?), a. [L. incessans, -antis; pref. in- not + cessare to cease: cf. F. incessant. See Cease.] Continuing or following without interruption; unceasing; unitermitted; uninterrupted; continual; as, incessant clamors; incessant pain, etc.

Against the castle gate,
. . . Which with incessant force and endless hate,
They batter'd day and night and entrance did await.
Spenser.

Syn. -- Unceasing; uninterrupted; unintermitted; unremitting; ceaseless; continual; constant; perpetual.

In*ces"sant*ly, adv. Unceasingly; continually. Shak.

In*ces"sion (?), n. [L. incedere, incessum, to walk.] Motion on foot; progress in walking. [Obs.]

The incession or local motion of animals.
Sir T. Browne.

In"cest (?), n. [F. inceste, L. incestum unchastity, incest, fr. incestus unchaste; pref. in- not + castus chaste. See Chaste.] The crime of cohabitation or sexual commerce between persons related within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law. Shak.

Spiritual incest. (Eccl. Law) (a) The crime of cohabitation committed between persons who have a spiritual alliance by means of baptism or confirmation. (b) The act of a vicar, or other beneficiary, who holds two benefices, the one depending on the collation of the other.

In*cest"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. incestuosus: cf. F. incestueux.] Guilty of incest; involving, or pertaining to, the crime of incest; as, an incestuous person or connection. Shak.

Ere you reach to this incestuous love,
You must divine and human rights remove.
Dryden.

-- In*cest"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- In*cest"tu*ous*ness, n.

Inch (?), n. [Gael. inis.] An island; -- often used in the names of small islands off the coast of Scotland, as in Inchcolm, Inchkeith, etc. [Scot.]

Inch, n. [OE. inche, unche, AS. ynce, L. uncia the twelfth part, inch, ounce. See Ounce a weight.]

1. A measure of length, the twelfth part of a foot, commonly subdivided into halves, quarters, eights, sixteenths, etc., as among mechanics. It was also formerly divided into twelve parts, called lines, and originally into three parts, called barleycorns, its length supposed to have been determined from three grains of barley placed end to end lengthwise. It is also sometimes called a prime (′), composed of twelve seconds (′′), as in the duodecimal system of arithmetic.

12 seconds (′′) make 1 inch or prime. 12 inches or primes (′) make 1 foot.
B. Greenleaf.

&fist; The meter, the accepted scientific standard of length, equals 39.37 inches; the inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters. See Metric system, and Meter.

2. A small distance or degree, whether of time or space; hence, a critical moment.

Beldame, I think we watched you at an inch.
Shak.

By inches, by slow degrees, gradually. -- Inch of candle. See under Candle. -- Inches of pressure, usually, the pressure indicated by so many inches of a mercury column, as on a steam gauge. -- Inch of water. See under Water. -- Miner's inch, (Hydraulic Mining), a unit for the measurement of water. See Inch of water, under Water.

Inch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inching.]

1. To drive by inches, or small degrees. [R.]

He gets too far into the soldier's grace
And inches out my master.
Dryden.

2. To deal out by inches; to give sparingly. [R.]

Inch, v. i. To advance or retire by inches or small degrees; to move slowly.

With slow paces measures back the field,
And inches to the walls.
Dryden.

Inch, a. Measuring an inch in any dimension, whether length, breadth, or thickness; -- used in composition; as, a two-inch cable; a four-inch plank.

Inch stuff, boards, etc., sawed one inch thick.

In*cham"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inchambered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inchambering.] [Pref. in- in + chamber: cf. OF. enchambrer.] To lodge in a chamber. [R.] Sherwood.

In*change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Unchangeableness. [Obs.] Kenrick.

In*chant" (?), v. t. See Enchant.

In*char"i*ta*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. incharitable.] Uncharitable; unfeeling. [Obs.] Shak.

In*char"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incharité.] Want of charity. [Obs.] Evelyn.

In*chase" (?), v. t. See Enchase.

In*chas"ti*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + chastity: cf. F. inchasteté.] Unchastity. [Obs.] Milton.

Inched (?), a. Having or measuring (so many) inches; as, a four-inched bridge. Shak.

In*chest" (?), v. t. To put into a chest.

Inch"i*pin (?), n. See Inchpin.

Inch"meal` (?), n. [See Meal a part, and cf. Piecemeal.] A piece an inch long.

By inchmeal, by small degrees; by inches. Shak.

Inch"meal`, adv. Little by little; gradually.

In"cho*ate (?), a. [L. inchoatus, better incohatus, p. p. of incohare to begin.] Recently, or just, begun; beginning; partially but not fully in existence or operation; existing in its elements; incomplete. -- In"cho*ate*ly, adv.

Neither a substance perfect, nor a substance inchoate.
Raleigh.

In"cho*ate (?), v. t. To begin. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

In`cho*a"tion (?), n. [L. inchoatio, incohatio.] Act of beginning; commencement; inception.

The setting on foot some of those arts, in those parts, would be looked on as the first inchoation of them.
Sir M. Hale.

It is now in actual progress, from the rudest inchoation to the most elaborate finishing.
I. Taylor.

In*cho"a*tive (?; 277), a. [L. inchoativus, incohativus: cf. F. inchoatif.] Expressing or pertaining to a beginning; inceptive; as, an inchoative verb. "Some inchoative or imperfect rays." W. Montagu. -- n. An inchoative verb. See Inceptive.

Inch"pin (?), n. [Written also inchipin, inche-pinne, inne-pinne.] [Cf. Gael. inne, innidh, bowel, entrail.] The sweetbread of a deer. Cotgrave.

Inch"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The larva of any geometrid moth. See Geometrid.

In*cic"u*ra*ble (?), a. [L. incicur not tame; pref. in- not + cicur name.] Untamable. [R.]

In*cide" (?), v. t. [L. incidere; pref. in- in + caedere to cut. See Concise, and cf. Incise.] To cut; to separate and remove; to resolve or break up, as by medicines. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

In"ci*dence (?), n. [Cf. F. incidence.]

1. A falling on or upon; an incident; an event. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. (Physics) The direction in which a body, or a ray of light or heat, falls on any surface.

In equal incidences there is a considerable inequality of refractions.
Sir I. Newton.

Angle of incidence, the angle which a ray of light, or the line of incidence of a body, falling on any surface, makes with a perpendicular to that surface; also formerly, the complement of this angle. -- Line of incidence, the line in the direction of which a surface is struck by a body, ray of light, and the like.

In"ci*den*cy (?), n. Incidence. [Obs.] Shak.

In"ci*dent (?), a. [L. incidens, -entis, p. pr. & of incidere to fall into or upon; pref. in- in, on + cadere to fall: cf. F. incident. See Cadence.]

1. Falling or striking upon, as a ray of light upon a reflecting surface.

2. Coming or happening accidentally; not in the usual course of things; not in connection with the main design; not according to expectation; casual; fortuitous.

As the ordinary course of common affairs is disposed of by general laws, so likewise men's rarer incident necessities and utilities should be with special equity considered.
Hooker.

3. Liable to happen; apt to occur; befalling; hence, naturally happening or appertaining.

All chances incident to man's frail life.
Milton.

The studies incident to his profession.
Milward.

4. (Law) Dependent upon, or appertaining to, another thing, called the principal.

Incident proposition (Logic), a proposition subordinate to another, and introduced by who, which, whose, whom, etc.; as, Julius, whose surname was Cæsar, overcame Pompey. I. Watts.

In"ci*dent, n. [Cf. F. incident.] 1. That which falls out or takes place; an event; casualty; occurrence.

2. That which happens aside from the main design; an accidental or subordinate action or event.

No person, no incident, in a play but must be of use to carry on the main design.
Dryden.

3. (Law) Something appertaining to, passing with, or depending on, another, called the principal. Tomlins.

Syn. -- Circumstance; event; fact; adventure; contingency; chance; accident; casualty. See Event.

In`ci*den"tal (?), a. Happening, as an occasional event, without regularity; coming without design; casual; accidental; hence, not of prime concern; subordinate; collateral; as, an incidental conversation; an incidental occurrence; incidental expenses.

By some, religious duties . . . appear to be regarded . . . as an incidental business.
Rogers.

Syn. -- Accidental; casual; fortuitous; contingent; chance; collateral. See Accidental.

-- In`ci*den"tal*ly, adv. -- In`ci*den"tal*ness, n.

I treat either or incidentally of colors.
Boyle.

In`ci*den"tal, n. An incident; that which is incidental; esp., in the plural, an aggregate of subordinate or incidental items not particularized; as, the expense of tuition and incidentals. Pope.

In"ci*dent*ly (?), adv. Incidentally. [Obs.]

In*cin"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being incinerated or reduced to ashes. Sir T. Browne.

In*cin"er*ate (?), [LL. incineratus, p. p. of incinerare to incinerate; L. pref. in- in + cinis, cineris, ashes.] Reduced to ashes by burning; thoroughly consumed. [Obs.] Bacon.

In*cin"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incinerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incinerating (?).] To burn to ashes; to consume; to burn. Bacon.

It is the fire only that incinerates bodies.
Boyle.

In*cin`er*a"tion (?), n. [LL. incineratio: cf. F. incinération.] The act of incinerating, or the state of being incinerated; cremation.

The phenix kind,
Of whose incineration,
There riseth a new creation.
Skelton.

{ In*cip"i*ence (?), In*cip"i*en*cy (?), } n. [L. incipientia.] Beginning; commencement; incipient state.

In*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. incipiens, p. pr. of incipere to begin. See Inception.] Beginning to be, or to show itself; commencing; initial; as, the incipient stage of a fever; incipient light of day. -- In*cip"i*ent*ly, adv.

In*cir"cle (?), v. t. See Encircle.

In*cir"clet (?), n. [Cf. Encirclet.] A small circle. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

In*cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + circumscriptible: cf. LL. incircumscriptibilis.] Incapable of being circumscribed or limited. Cranmer.

In*cir`cum*scrip"tion (?), n. Condition or quality of being incircumscriptible or limitless. Jer. Taylor.

In*cir"cum*spect (?), a. [Pref. in- not + circumspect.] Not circumspect; heedless; careless; reckless; impolitic. Tyndale.

In*cir`cum*spec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incirconspection.] Want of circumspection. Sir T. Browne.

In*cise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incising.] [L. incisus, p. p. of incidere to incise: cf. F. inciser. See Incide.]

1. To cut in or into with a sharp instrument; to carve; to engrave.

I on thy grave this epitaph incise.
T. Carew.

2. To cut, gash, or wound with a sharp instrument; to cut off.

In*cised" (?), a. 1. Cut in; carved; engraved.

2. (Bot.) Having deep and sharp notches, as a leaf or a petal.

In*cise"ly (?), adv. In an incised manner.

In*ci"sion (?), n. [L. incisio: cf. F. incision. See Incise.]

1. The act of incising, or cutting into a substance. Milton.

2. That which is produced by incising; the separation of the parts of any substance made by a cutting or pointed instrument; a cut; a gash.

3. Separation or solution of viscid matter by medicines. [Obs.]

In*ci"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. incisif.]

1. Having the quality of incising, cutting, or penetrating, as with a sharp instrument; cutting; hence, sharp; acute; sarcastic; biting. "An incisive, high voice." G. Eliot.

And her incisive smile accrediting
That treason of false witness in my blush.
Mrs. Browning.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the incisors; incisor; as, the incisive bones, the premaxillaries.

In*ci"sor (?; 277), n. [NL.] (Anat.) One of the teeth in front of the canines in either jaw; an incisive tooth. See Tooth.

In*ci"sor, a. Adapted for cutting; of or pertaining to the incisors; incisive; as, the incisor nerve; an incisor foramen; an incisor tooth.

In*ci"so*ry (?), a. Having the quality of cutting; incisor; incisive.

In*cis"ure (?; 277), n. [L. incisura: cf. F. incisure.] A cut; an incision; a gash. Derham.

In*cit"ant (?), a. [L. incitans, -antis, p. pr. of incitare. See Incite.] Inciting; stimulating.

In*cit"ant, n. That which incites; an inciting agent or cause; a stimulant. E. Darwin.

In`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incitatio: cf. F. incitation.]

1. The act of inciting or moving to action.

2. That which incites to action; that which rouses or prompts; incitement; motive; incentive.

The noblest incitation to honest attempts.
Tatler.

In*cit"a*tive (?), n. A provocative; an incitant; a stimulant. [R.] Jervas.

In*cite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incited (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inciting.] [L. incitare; pref. in- in + citare to rouse, stir up: cf. F. inciter. See Cite.] To move to action; to stir up; to rouse; to spur or urge on.

Anthiochus, when he incited Prusias to join in war, set before him the greatness of the Romans.
Bacon.

No blown ambition doth our arms incite.
Shak.

Syn. -- Excite; stimulate; instigate; spur; goad; arouse; move; urge; rouse; provoke; encourage; prompt; animate. See Excite.

In*cite"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. incitement.]

1. The act of inciting.

2. That which incites the mind, or moves to action; motive; incentive; impulse. Burke.

From the long records of a distant age,
Derive incitements to renew thy rage.
Pope.

Syn. -- Motive; incentive; spur; stimulus; impulse; encouragement.

In*cit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, incites.

In*cit"ing*ly, adv. So as to incite or stimulate.

In*ci`to-mo"tor (?), a. [L. incitus incited + E. motor.] (Physiol.) Inciting to motion; -- applied to that action which, in the case of muscular motion, commences in the nerve centers, and excites the muscles to contraction. Opposed to excito-motor.

In*ci`to-mo"to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Incitomotor.

In*civ"il (?), a. [L. incivilis; pref. in- not + civilis civil: cf. F. incivil.] Uncivil; rude. [Obs.] Shak.

In`ci*vil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incivilities (#). [L. incivilitas: cf. F. incivilité.]

1. The quality or state of being uncivil; want of courtesy; rudeness of manner; impoliteness. Shak. Tillotson.

2. Any act of rudeness or ill breeding.

Uncomely jests, loud talking and jeering, which, in civil account, are called indecencies and incivilities.
Jer. Taylor.

3. Want of civilization; a state of rudeness or barbarism. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Syn. -- Impoliteness; uncourteousness; unmannerliness; disrespect; rudeness; discourtesy.

In*civ`i*li*za"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + civilization.] The state of being uncivilized; want of civilization; barbarism.

In*civ"il*ly (?), adv. Uncivilly. [Obs.] Shak.

In*civ"ism (?), n. [Pref. in- not + civism: cf. F. incivisme.] Want of civism; want of patriotism or love to one's country; unfriendliness to one's state or government. [R.] Macaulay.

In`cla*ma"tion (?), n. [L. inclamatio. See 1st In-, and Claim.] Exclamation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In*clasp" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + clasp. Cf. Enclasp.] To clasp within; to hold fast to; to embrace or encircle. [Written also enclasp.]

The flattering ivy who did ever see
Inclasp the huge trunk of an aged tree.
F. Beaumont.

In*clau"dent (?), a. Not closing or shutting.

In"cla*va`ted (?), a. [LL. inclavatus; L. pref. in- in + clavare to fasten with nails, fr. clavus nail.] Set; fast; fixed. Dr. John Smith.

In*clave" (?), a. [See Inclavated.] (Her.) Resembling a series of dovetails; -- said of a line of division, such as the border of an ordinary.

In"cle (?), n. Same as Inkle.

In*clem"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Inclemencies (#). [L. inclementia: cf. F. inclémence.]

1. The state or quality of being inclement; want of clemency; want of mildness of temper; unmercifulness; severity.

The inclemency of the late pope.
Bp. Hall.

2. Physical severity or harshness (commonly in respect to the elements or weather); roughness; storminess; rigor; severe cold, wind, rain, or snow.

The inclemencies of morning air.
Pope.

The rude inclemency of wintry skies.
Cowper.

Syn. -- Harshness; severity; cruelty; rigor; roughness; storminess; boisterousness.

In*clem"ent (?), a. [L. inclemens; pref. in- not + clemens mild: cf. F. inclément. See Clement.]

1. Not clement; destitute of a mild and kind temper; void of tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh.

2. Physically severe or harsh (generally restricted to the elements or weather); rough; boisterous; stormy; rigorously cold, etc.; as, inclement weather. Cowper.

The guard the wretched from the inclement sky.
Pope.

Teach us further by what means to shun
The inclement seasons, rain, ice, hail, and snow!
Milton.

In*clem"ent*ly, adv. In an inclement manner.

In*clin"a*ble (?), a. [L. inclinabilis. See Incline.]

1. Leaning; tending.

Likely and inclinable to fall.
Bentley.

2. Having a propensity of will or feeling; leaning in disposition; disposed; propense; as, a mind inclinable to truth.

Whatsoever other sins he may be inclinable to.
South.

The very constitution of a multitude is not so inclinable to save as to destroy.
Fuller.

In*clin"a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being inclinable; inclination.

In`cli*na"tion (?), n. [L. inclinatio: cf. F. inclination.] 1. The act of inclining, or state of being inclined; a leaning; as, an inclination of the head.

2. A direction or tendency from the true vertical or horizontal direction; as, the inclination of a column, or of a road bed.

3. A tendency towards another body or point.

4. (Geom.) The angle made by two lines or planes; as, the inclination of the plane of the earth's equator to the plane of the ecliptic is about 23° 28′; the inclination of two rays of light.

5. A leaning or tendency of the mind, feelings, preferences, or will; propensity; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to another; favor; desire; love.

A mere inclination to a thing is not properly a willing of that thing.
South.

How dost thou find the inclination of the people?
Shak.

6. A person or thing loved or admired. Sir W. Temple.

7. (Pharm.) Decantation, or tipping for pouring.

Inclination compass, an inclinometer. - - Inclination of an orbit (Astron.), the angle which the orbit makes with the ecliptic. -- Inclination of the needle. See Dip of the needle, under Dip.

Syn. -- Bent; tendency; proneness; bias; proclivity; propensity; prepossession; predilection; attachment; desire; affection; love. See Bent, and cf. Disposition.

In*clin"a*to*ry (?; 277), a. Having the quality of leaning or inclining; as, the inclinatory needle. -- In*clin"a*to*ri*ly (#), adv. Sir T. Browne.

In*cline" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inclined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inclining.] [OE. inclinen, enclinen, OF. encliner, incliner, F. incliner, L. inclinare; pref. in- in + clinare to bend, incline; akin to E. lean. See Lean to incline.]

1. To deviate from a line, direction, or course, toward an object; to lean; to tend; as, converging lines incline toward each other; a road inclines to the north or south.

2. Fig.: To lean or tend, in an intellectual or moral sense; to favor an opinion, a course of conduct, or a person; to have a propensity or inclination; to be disposed.

Their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech.
Judges ix. 3.

Power finds its balance, giddy motions cease
In both the scales, and each inclines to peace.
Parnell.

3. To bow; to incline the head. Chaucer.

Syn. -- To lean; slope; slant; tend; bend.

In*cline", v. t. 1. To cause to deviate from a line, position, or direction; to give a leaning, bend, or slope to; as, incline the column or post to the east; incline your head to the right.

Incline thine ear, O Lord, and hear.
Is. xxxvii. 17.

2. To impart a tendency or propensity to, as to the will or affections; to turn; to dispose; to influence.

Incline my heart unto thy testimonies.
Ps. cxix. 36.

Incline our hearts to keep this law.
Book of Com. Prayer.

3. To bend; to cause to stoop or bow; as, to incline the head or the body in acts of reverence or civility.

With due respect my body I inclined.
Dryden.

In*cline", n. An inclined plane; an ascent or descent; a grade or gradient; a slope.

In*clined" (?), p. p. & a. 1. Having a leaning or tendency towards, or away from, a thing; disposed or moved by wish, desire, or judgment; as, a man inclined to virtue. "Each pensively inclined." Cowper.

2. (Math.) Making an angle with some line or plane; -- said of a line or plane.

3. (Bot.) Bent out of a perpendicular position, or into a curve with the convex side uppermost.

Inclined plane. (Mech.) (a) A plane that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon; a sloping plane. When used to produce pressure, or as a means of moving bodies, it is one of the mechanical powers, so called. (b) (Railroad & Canal) An inclined portion of track, on which trains or boats are raised or lowered from one level to another.

In*clin"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inclines; specifically, an inclined dial.

In*clin"ing, a. (Bot.) Same as Inclined, 3.

In*clin"ing, n. 1. Inclination; disposition.

On the first inclining towards sleep.
Burke.

2. Party or side chosen; a following.

Both you of my inclining, and the rest.
Shak.

In`clin*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Incline + -meter.] (Magnetism) An apparatus to determine the inclination of the earth's magnetic force to the plane of the horizon; -- called also inclination compass, and dip circle.

In*clip" (?), v. t. To clasp; to inclose.

Whate'er the ocean pales, or sky inclips.
Shak.

In*clois"ter (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + cloister: cf. F. encloîtrer. Cf. Encloister.] To confine as in a cloister; to cloister. Lovelace.

In*close" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inclosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inclosing.] [See Enclose, and cf. Include.] [Written also enclose.]

1. To surround; to shut in; to confine on all sides; to include; to shut up; to encompass; as, to inclose a fort or an army with troops; to inclose a town with walls.

How many evils have inclosed me round!
Milton.

2. To put within a case, envelope, or the like; to fold (a thing) within another or into the same parcel; as, to inclose a letter or a bank note.

The inclosed copies of the treaty.
Sir W. Temple.

3. To separate from common grounds by a fence; as, to inclose lands. Blackstone.

4. To put into harness; to harness. [Obs.]

They went to coach and their horse inclose.
Chapman.

In*clos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, incloses; one who fences off land from common grounds.

In*clo"sure (?; 135), n. [See Inclose, Enclosure.] [Written also enclosure.]

1. The act of inclosing; the state of being inclosed, shut up, or encompassed; the separation of land from common ground by a fence.

2. That which is inclosed or placed within something; a thing contained; a space inclosed or fenced up.

Within the inclosure there was a great store of houses.
Hakluyt.

3. That which incloses; a barrier or fence.

Breaking our inclosures every morn.
W. Browne.

In*cloud" (?), v. t. To envelop as in clouds; to darken; to obscure. Milton.

In*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Included; p. pr. & vb. n. Including.] [L. includere, inclusum; pref. in- in + claudere to shut. See Close, and cf. Enclose.]

1. To confine within; to hold; to contain; to shut up; to inclose; as, the shell of a nut includes the kernel; a pearl is included in a shell.

2. To comprehend or comprise, as a genus the species, the whole a part, an argument or reason the inference; to contain; to embrace; as, this volume of Shakespeare includes his sonnets; he was included in the invitation to the family; to and including page twenty-five.

The whole included race, his purposed prey.
Milton.

The loss of such a lord includes all harm.
Shak.

3. To conclude; to end; to terminate. [Obs.]

Come, let us go; we will include all jars
With triumphs, mirth, and rare solemnity.
Shak.

Syn. -- To contain; inclose; comprise; comprehend; embrace; involve.

In*clud"ed (?), a. Inclosed; confined.

Included stamens (Bot.), such as are shorter than the floral envelopes, or are concealed within them.

In*clud"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being included.

||In*clu"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. inclusus, p. p. of includere to shut in.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of bivalve mollusks, characterized by the closed state of the mantle which envelops the body. The ship borer (Teredo navalis) is an example.

In*clu"sion (?), n. [L. inclusio: cf. F. inclusion. See Include.]

1. The act of including, or the state of being included; limitation; restriction; as, the lines of inclusion of his policy. Sir W. Temple.

2. (Min.) A foreign substance, either liquid or solid, usually of minute size, inclosed in the mass of a mineral.

In*clu"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. inclusif.]

1. Inclosing; encircling; surrounding.

The inclusive verge
Of golden metal that must round my brow.
Shak.

2. Comprehending the stated limit or extremes; as, from Monday to Saturday inclusive, that is, taking in both Monday and Saturday; -- opposed to exclusive.

In*clu"sive*ly, adv. In an inclusive manner.

In*coach" (?), v. t. To put a coach.

{ In`co*act" (?), In`co*act"ed (?), } a. [L. incoactus; pref. in- not + coactus forced. See Coact.] Not compelled; unconstrained. [Obs.] Coles.

In`co*ag"u*la*ble (?), a. Not coagulable.

In`co*a*les"cence (?), n. The state of not coalescing.

In*coct"ed (?), a. [Cf. Concoct.] Raw; indigestible. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In`co*er"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + coercible: cf. F. incoercible.]

1. Not to be coerced; incapable of being compelled or forced.

2. (Physics) Not capable of being reduced to the form of a liquid by pressure; -- said of any gas above its critical point; -- also particularly of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide, formerly regarded as incapable of liquefaction at any temperature or pressure.

3. (Physics) That can note be confined in, or excluded from, vessels, like ordinary fluids, gases, etc.; -- said of the imponderable fluids, heat, light, electricity, etc.

In`co*ex*ist"ence (?), n. The state of not coexisting. [Obs.] Locke.

In*cog" (?), adv. Incognito. [Colloq.]

Depend upon it -- he'll remain incog.
Addison.

In*cog"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. incogitabilis; pref. in- not + cogitabilis cogitable.] Not cogitable; inconceivable. Sir T. More.

{ In*cog"i*tance (?), In*cog"i*tan*cy (?), } n. [L. incogitantia.] Want of thought, or of the power of thinking; thoughtlessness; unreasonableness.

'T is folly and incogitancy to argue anything, one way or the other, from the designs of a sort of beings with whom we so little communicate.
Glanvill.

In*cog"i*tant (?), a. [L. incogitans; pref. in- not + cogitans, p. pr. of cogitare to think. See Cogitate.] Thoughtless; inconsiderate. [R.] Milton.

Men are careless and incogitant.
J. Goodman.

In*cog"i*tant*ly, adv. In an incogitant manner.

In*cog"i*ta*tive (?), a. Not cogitative; not thinking; wanting the power of thought; as, a vegetable is an incogitative being. Locke.

In*cog`i*ta*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being incogitative; want of thought or of the power of thinking. Wollaston.

In*cog"ni*ta (?), n. [See Incognito.]

1. A woman who is unknown or in disguise.

2. The state of being in disguise; -- said of a woman.

In*cog"ni*tant (?), a. Ignorant. [Obs.]

In*cog"ni*to (?), a. or adv. [It. incognito, masc., incognita, fem., L. incognitus unknown; pref. in- not + cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere: cf. F. incognito, fr. It. See Cognition.] Without being known; in disguise; in an assumed character, or under an assumed title; -- said esp. of great personages who sometimes adopt a disguise or an assumed character in order to avoid notice.

'T was long ago
Since gods come down incognito.
Prior.

The prince royal of Persia came thither incognito.
Tatler.

In*cog"ni*to, n.; pl. Incognitos (#). [See Incognito, a.]

1. One unknown or in disguise, or under an assumed character or name.

2. The assumption of disguise or of a feigned character; the state of being in disguise or not recognized.

His incognito was endangered.
Sir W. Scott.

In*cog"ni*za*ble (?), a. Not cognizable; incapable of being recognized, known, or distinguished. H. Spenser.

The Lettish race, not a primitive stock of the Slavi, but a distinct branch, now become incognizable.
Tooke.

In*cog"ni*zance (?), n. Failure to cognize, apprehended, or notice.

This incognizance may be explained.
Sir W. Hamilton.

In*cog"ni*zant (?), a. Not cognizant; failing to apprehended or notice.

Of the several operations themselves, as acts of volition, we are wholly incognizant.
Sir W. Hamilton.

In`cog*nos"ci*ble (?), a. Incognizable. -- In`cog*nos"ci*bil"i*ty (#), n.

{ In`co*her"ence (?), In`co*her"en*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. incohérence.]

1. The quality or state of being incoherent; want of coherence; want of cohesion or adherence. Boyle.

2. Want of connection; incongruity; inconsistency; want of agreement or dependence of one part on another; as, the incoherence of arguments, facts, etc.

Incoherences in matter, and suppositions without proofs, put handsomely together, are apt to pass for strong reason.
Locke.

3. That which is incoherent.

Crude incoherencies . . . and nauseous tautologies.
South.

In`co*her"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + coherent: cf. F. incohérent.]

1. Not coherent; wanting cohesion; loose; unconnected; physically disconnected; not fixed to each; -- said of material substances. Woodward.

2. Wanting coherence or agreement; incongruous; inconsistent; having no dependence of one part on another; logically disconnected. "The same rambling, incoherent manner." Bp. Warburton.

In`co*her`en*tif"ic (?), a. [E. incoherent + L. facere to make.] Causing incoherence. [R.]

In`co*her"ent*ly (?), adv. In an incoherent manner; without due connection of parts.

In`co*her"ent*ness, n. Incoherence.

In`co*in"ci*dence (?), n. The quality of being incoincident; want of coincidence. [R.]

In`co*in"ci*dent (?), a. Not coincident; not agreeing in time, in place, or principle.

In`co*lu"mi*ty (?), n. [L. incolumitas, fr. incolumis uninjured, safe; perh. fr. in intens. + (doubtful) columis safe.] Safety; security. [Obs.] Howell.

In*com"ber (?), v. t. See Encumber.

In`com*bine" (?), v. i. To be incapable of combining; to disagree; to differ. [Obs.] Milton.

In`com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incombustilité.] The quality of being incombustible.

In`com*bus"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + combustible: cf. F. incombustible.] Not combustible; not capable of being burned, decomposed, or consumed by fire; uninflammable; as, asbestus is an incombustible substance; carbon dioxide is an incombustible gas.

Incombustible cloth, a tissue of amianthus or asbestus; also, a fabric imbued with an incombustible substance.

-- In`com*bus"ti*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*bus"ti*bly, adv.

In"come (?), n. 1. A coming in; entrance; admittance; ingress; infusion. [Obs.] Shak.

More abundant incomes of light and strength from God.
Bp. Rust.

At mine income I louted low.
Drant.

2. That which is caused to enter; inspiration; influence; hence, courage or zeal imparted. [R.]

I would then make in and steep
My income in their blood.
Chapman.

3. That gain which proceeds from labor, business, property, or capital of any kind, as the produce of a farm, the rent of houses, the proceeds of professional business, the profits of commerce or of occupation, or the interest of money or stock in funds, etc.; revenue; receipts; salary; especially, the annual receipts of a private person, or a corporation, from property; as, a large income.

No fields afford
So large an income to the village lord.
Dryden.

4. (Physiol.) That which is taken into the body as food; the ingesta; -- sometimes restricted to the nutritive, or digestible, portion of the food. See Food. Opposed to output.

Income bond, a bond issued on the income of the corporation or company issuing it, and the interest of which is to be paid from the earnings of the company before any dividends are made to stockholders; -- issued chiefly or exclusively by railroad companies. -- Income tax, a tax upon a person's incomes, emoluments, profits, etc., or upon the excess beyond a certain amount.

Syn. -- Gain; profit; proceeds; salary; revenue; receipts; interest; emolument; produce.

In"com`er (?), n. 1. One who comes in.

Outgoers and incomers.
Lew Wallace.

2. One who succeeds another, as a tenant of land, houses, etc. [Eng.]

In"com`ing, a. 1. Coming in; accruing.

A full incoming profit on the product of his labor.
Burke.

2. Coming in, succeeding, or following, as occupant or possessor; as, in incoming tenant.

In"com`ing, n. 1. The act of coming in; arrival.

The incomings and outgoings of the trains.
Dickens.

2. Income; gain. [R.]

Many incomings are subject to great fluctuations.
Tooke.

In*com"i*ty (?), n. Want of comity; incivility; rudeness. [R.]

||In com*men"dam (?). [See Commendam.] (Law) See Commendam, and Partnership in Commendam, under Partnership.

In`com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incommensurabilité.] The quality or state of being incommensurable. Reid.

In`com*men"su*ra*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + commensurable: cf. F. incommensurable.] Not commensurable; having no common measure or standard of comparison; as, quantities are incommensurable when no third quantity can be found that is an aliquot part of both; the side and diagonal of a square are incommensurable with each other; the diameter and circumference of a circle are incommensurable.

They are quantities incommensurable.
Burke.

-- In`com*men"su*ra*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*men"su*ra*bly, adv.

In`com*men"su*ra*ble (?), n. One of two or more quantities which have no common measure.

In`com*men"su*rate (?), a. 1. Not commensurate; not admitting of a common measure; incommensurable.

2. Not of equal of sufficient measure or extent; not adequate; as, our means are incommensurate to our wants.

Syn. -- Inadequate; insufficient; disproportionate.

-- In`com*men"su*rate*ly, adv. -- In`com*men"su*rate*ness, n.

In`com*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [L. incommiscibilis; pref. in- not + commiscibilis that can be mingled.] Not commiscible; not mixable.

In`com*mix"ture (?; 135), n. A state of being unmixed; separateness. Sir T. Browne.

In*com"mo*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incommodated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incommodating (?).] [L. incommodare. See Incommode.] To incommode. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In*com`mo*da"tion (?), n. The state of being incommoded; inconvenience. [Obs.]

In`com*mode" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incommoded; p. pr. & vb. n. Incommoding.] [F. incommoder, L. incommodare inconvenient; pref. in- not + commodus convenient. See Commodious.] To give inconvenience or trouble to; to disturb or molest; to discommode; to worry; to put out; as, we are incommoded by want of room.

Syn. -- To annoy; disturb; trouble; molest; disaccomodate; inconvenience; disquiet; vex; plague.

In`com*mode", n. An inconvenience. [R.] Strype.

In`com*mode"ment (?), n. The act of incommoded. [Obs.] Cheyne.

In`com*mo"di*ous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + commodious: cf. LL. incommodious, L. incommodus, F. incommode.] Tending to incommode; not commodious; not affording ease or advantage; unsuitable; giving trouble; inconvenient; annoying; as, an incommodious seat; an incommodious arrangement. -- In`com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv. -- In`com*mo"di*ous*ness, n.

In`com*mo"di*ty (?), n.; pl. Incommodities (#). [L. incommoditas: cf. F. incommodité. See Incommodious.] Inconvenience; trouble; annoyance; disadvantage; encumbrance. [Archaic] Bunyan.

A great incommodity to the body.
Jer. Taylor.

Buried him under a bulk of incommodities.
Hawthorne.

In`com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incommunicabilité.] The quality or state of being incommunicable, or incapable of being imparted.

In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble (?), a. [L. incommunicabilis: cf. F. incommunicable. See In- not, and Communicable.] Not communicable; incapable of being communicated, shared, told, or imparted, to others.

Health and understanding are incommunicable.
Southey.

Those incommunicable relations of the divine love.
South.

-- In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*bly, adv.

In`com*mu"ni*ca`ted (?), a. Not communicated or imparted. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

In`com*mu"ni*ca`ting, a. Having no communion or intercourse with each other. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive (?), a. Not communicative; not free or apt to impart to others in conversation; reserved; silent; as, the messenger was incommunicative; hence, not disposed to hold fellowship or intercourse with others; exclusive.

The Chinese . . . an incommunicative nation.
C. Buchanan.

-- In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ly, adv. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness, n. Lamb.

His usual incommunicativeness.
G. Eliot.

In`com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incommutabilitas: cf. F. incommutabilité.] The quality or state of being incommutable.

In`com*mut"a*ble (?), a. [L. incommutabilis: cf. F. incommutable. See In- not, and Commutable.] Not commutable; not capable of being exchanged with, or substituted for, another. Cudworth. -- In`com*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*mut"a*bly, adv.

{ In`com*pact" (?), In`com*pact"ed, } a. Not compact; not having the parts firmly united; not solid; incoherent; loose; discrete. Boyle.

In*com"pa*ra*ble (?), a. [L. incomparabilis: cf. F. incomparable. See In- not, and Comparable.] Not comparable; admitting of no comparison with others; unapproachably eminent; without a peer or equal; matchless; peerless; transcendent.

A merchant of incomparable wealth.
Shak.

A new hypothesis . . . which hath the incomparable Sir Isaac Newton for a patron.
Bp. Warburton.

-- In*com"pa*ra*ble*ness, n. -- In*com"pa*ra*bly, adv.

Delights incomparably all those corporeal things.
Bp. Wilkins.

In`com*pared" (?), a. Peerless; incomparable. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*com"pass (?), v. t. See Encompass.

In`com*pas"sion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + compassion: cf. F. incompassion.] Want of compassion or pity. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

In`com*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Not compassionate; void of pity or of tenderness; remorseless. -- In`com*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv. -- In`com*pas"sion*ate*ness, n.

In`com*pat`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. -ties (&?;). [Cf. F. incompatibilité.] The quality or state of being incompatible; inconsistency; irreconcilableness.

In`com*pat"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compatible: cf. F. incompatible.] [It was formerly sometimes written incompetible.]

1. Not compatible; so differing as to be incapable of harmonious combination or coexistence; inconsistent in thought or being; irreconcilably disagreeing; as, persons of incompatible tempers; incompatible colors, desires, ambition.

A strength and obduracy of character incompatible with his meek and innocent nature.
Southey.

2. (Chem.) Incapable of being together without mutual reaction or decomposition, as certain medicines.

Incompatible terms (Logic), terms which can not be combined in thought.

Syn. -- Inconsistent; incongruous; dissimilar; irreconcilable; unsuitable; disagreeing; inharmonious; discordant; repugnant; contradictory. See Inconsistent.

In`com*pat"i*ble (?), n. (Med. & Chem.) An incompatible substance; esp., in pl., things which can not be placed or used together because of a change of chemical composition or of opposing medicinal qualities; as, the incompatibles of iron.

In`com*pat"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being incompatible; incompatibility.

In`com*pat"i*bly, adv. In an incompatible manner; inconsistently; incongruously.

{ In*com"pe*tence (?), In*com"pe*tency (?), } n. [Cf. F. incompétence.]

1. The quality or state of being incompetent; want of physical, intellectual, or moral ability; insufficiency; inadequacy; as, the incompetency of a child for hard labor, or of an idiot for intellectual efforts. "Some inherent incompetency." Gladstone.

2. (Law) Want of competency or legal fitness; incapacity; disqualification, as of a person to be heard as a witness, or to act as a juror, or of a judge to try a cause.

Syn. -- Inability; insufficiency; inadequacy; disqualification; incapability; unfitness.

In*com"pe*tent (?), a. [L. incompetens: cf. F. incompétent. See In- not, and Competent.]

1. Not competent; wanting in adequate strength, power, capacity, means, qualifications, or the like; incapable; unable; inadequate; unfit.

Incompetent to perform the duties of the place.
Macaulay.

2. (Law) Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications; inadmissible; as, a person professedly wanting in religious belief is an incompetent witness in a court of law or equity; incompetent evidence.

Richard III. had a resolution, out of hatred to his brethren, to disable their issues, upon false and incompetent pretexts, the one of attainder, the other of illegitimation.
Bacon.

3. Not lying within one's competency, capacity, or authorized power; not permissible.

Syn. -- Incapable; unable; inadequate; insufficient; inefficient; disqualified; unfit; improper. -- Incompetent, Incapable. Incompetent is a relative term, denoting a want of the requisite qualifications for performing a given act, service, etc.; incapable is absolute in its meaning, denoting want of power, either natural or moral. We speak of a man as incompetent to a certain task, of an incompetent judge, etc. We say of an idiot that he is incapable of learning to read; and of a man distinguished for his honor, that he is incapable of a mean action.

In*com"pe*tent*ly, adv. In an competent manner; inadequately; unsuitably.

In`com*pet`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. See Incompatibility.

In`com*pet"i*ble (?), a. See Incompatible.

In`com*plete" (?), a. [L. incompletus: cf. F. incomplet. See In- not, and Complete.]

1. Not complete; not filled up; not finished; not having all its parts, or not having them all adjusted; imperfect; defective.

A most imperfect and incomplete divine.
Milton.

2. (Bot.) Wanting any of the usual floral organs; -- said of a flower.

Incomplete equation (Alg.), an equation some of whose terms are wanting; or one in which the coefficient of some one or more of the powers of the unknown quantity is equal to 0.

In`com*plete"ly, adv. In an incomplete manner.

In`com*plete"ness, n. The state of being incomplete; imperfectness; defectiveness. Boyle.

In`com*ple"tion (?), n. Want of completion; incompleteness. Smart.

In`com*plex" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + complex: cf. F. incomplexe.] Not complex; uncompounded; simple. Barrow.

In`com*pli"a*ble (?), a. Not compliable; not conformable.

In`com*pli"ance (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being incompliant; unyielding temper; obstinacy.

Self-conceit produces peevishness and incompliance of humor in things lawful and indifferent.
Tillotson.

2. Refusal or failure to comply. Strype.

In`com*pli"ant (?), a. Not compliant; unyielding to request, solicitation, or command; stubborn. -- In`com*pli"ant*ly, adv.

In`com*posed" (?), a. Disordered; disturbed. [Obs.] Milton. -- In`com*po"sed*ly (#), adv. [Obs.] -- In`com*pos"ed*ness, n. [Obs.]

In`com*pos"ite (?), a. [L. incompositus. See Composite.] Not composite; uncompounded; simple.

Incomposite numbers. See Prime numbers, under Prime.

In`com*pos"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compossible: cf. F. incompossible.] Not capable of joint existence; incompatible; inconsistent. [Obs.]

Ambition and faith . . . are . . . incompossible.
Jer. Taylor.

-- In`com*pos`si*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Obs.]

In*com`pre*hense" (?), a. [L. incomprehensus.] Incomprehensible. [Obs.] "Incomprehense in virtue." Marston.

In*com`pre*hen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incompréhensibilité.] The quality of being incomprehensible, or beyond the reach of human intellect; incomprehensibleness; inconceivability; inexplicability.

The constant, universal sense of all antiquity unanimously confessing an incomprehensibility in many of the articles of the Christian faith.
South.

In*com`pre*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. incomprehensibilis: cf. F. incompréhensible. See In- not, and Comprehensible.]

1. Not capable of being contained within limits.

An infinite and incomprehensible substance.
Hooker.

2. Not capable of being comprehended or understood; beyond the reach of the human intellect; inconceivable.

And all her numbered stars that seem to roll
Spaces incomprehensible.
Milton.

-- In*com`pre*hen"si*ble*ness, n. -- In*com`pre*hen"si*bly, adv.

In*com`pre*hen"sion (?), n. Want of comprehension or understanding. "These mazes and incomprehensions." Bacon.

In*com`pre*hen"sive (?), a. Not comprehensive; not capable of including or of understanding; not extensive; limited. -- In*com`pre*hen"sive*ly, a. Sir W. Hamilton. -- In*com`pre*hen"sive*ness, n. T. Warton.

In`com*press`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incompressibilité.] The quality of being incompressible, or incapable of reduction in volume by pressure; -- formerly supposed to be a property of liquids.

The incompressibility of water is not absolute.
Rees.

In`com*press"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compressible: cf. F. incompressible.] Not compressible; incapable of being reduced by force or pressure into a smaller compass or volume; resisting compression; as, many liquids and solids appear to be almost incompressible. -- In`com*press"i*ble*ness, n.

In`com*put"a*ble (?), a. Not computable.

In`con*ceal"a*ble (?), a. Not concealable. "Inconcealable imperfections." Sir T. Browne.

In`con*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inconceivable; inconceivableness.

The inconceivability of the Infinite.
Mansel.

In`con*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conceivable: cf. F. inconcevable.] Not conceivable; incapable of being conceived by the mind; not explicable by the human intellect, or by any known principles or agencies; incomprehensible; as, it is inconceivable to us how the will acts in producing muscular motion.

It is inconceivable to me that a spiritual substance should represent an extended figure.
Locke.

-- In`con*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*ceiv"a*bly, adv.

The inconceivableness of a quality existing without any subject to possess it.
A. Tucker.

In`con*cep"ti*ble (?), a. Inconceivable. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

In`con*cern"ing (?), a. Unimportant; trifling. [Obs.] "Trifling and inconcerning matters." Fuller.

In`con*cinne" (?), a. [See Inconcinnous.] Dissimilar; incongruous; unsuitable. [Obs.] Cudworth.

In`con*cin"ni*ty (?), n. [L. inconcinnitas.] Want of concinnity or congruousness; unsuitableness.

There is an inconcinnity in admitting these words.
Trench.

In`con*cin"nous (?), a. [L. inconcinnus. See In- not, and Concinnity.] Not concinnous; unsuitable; discordant. [Obs.] Cudworth.

In`con*clud"ent (?), a. Not inferring a conclusion or consequence; not conclusive. [Obs.]

In`con*clud"ing, a. Inferring no consequence. [Obs.]

In`con*clu"sive (?), a. Not conclusive; leading to no conclusion; not closing or settling a point in debate, or a doubtful question; as, evidence is inconclusive when it does not exhibit the truth of a disputed case in such a manner as to satisfy the mind, and put an end to debate or doubt.

Arguments . . . inconclusive and impertinent.
South.

-- In`con*clu"sive*ly, adv. -- In`con*clu"sive*ness, n.

In`con*coct" (?), a. [L. pref. in- not + concoctus, p. p. of concoquere. See Concoct.] Inconcocted. [Obs.]

In`con*coct"ed, a. [Pref. in- not + concocted.] Imperfectly digested, matured, or ripened. [Obs.] Bacon.

In`con*coc"tion (?), n. The state of being undigested; unripeness; immaturity. [Obs.] Bacon.

In*con"crete (?), a. [L. inconcretus incorporeal.] Not concrete. [R.] L. Andrews.

In`con*cur"ring, a. Not concurring; disagreeing. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

In`con*cus"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. concussibilis that can be shaken. See Concussion.] Not concussible; that cannot be shaken.

{ In`con*den`sa*bil"i*ty (?), In`con*den`si*bil"i*ty (?), } n. The quality or state of being incondensable.

{ In`con*den"sa*ble (?), In`con*den"si*ble, } a. Not condensable; incapable of being made more dense or compact, or reduced to liquid form.

In"con*dite (?; 277), a. [L. inconditus; pref. in- not + conditus, p. p. of condere to put or join together. See Condition.] Badly put together; inartificial; rude; unpolished; irregular. "Carol incondite rhymes." J. Philips.

In`con*di"tion*al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conditional: cf. F. inconditionnel.] Unconditional. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In`con*di"tion*ate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conditionate: cf. F. inconditionné.] Not conditioned; not limited; absolute. [Obs.] Boyle.

In`con*form" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conform.] Unconformable. [Obs.] Gauden.

In`con*form"a*ble (?), a. Unconformable. [Obs.]

In`con*form"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inconformité.] Want of conformity; nonconformity. [Obs.]

In`con*fused" (?), a. Not confused; distinct. [Obs.]

In`con*fu"sion (?) n. Freedom from confusion; distinctness. [Obs.] Bacon.

In`con*fut"a*ble (?), a. Not confutable. -- In`con*fut"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

In`con*geal"a*ble (?), a. [L. incongelabilis. See Congeal.] Not congealable; incapable of being congealed. -- In`con*geal"a*ble*ness, n.

In`con*gen"ial (?), a. Not congenial; uncongenial. [R.] -- In`con*ge`ni*al"i*ty (#). [R.]

In*con"gru*ence (?), n. [L. incongruentia.] Want of congruence; incongruity. Boyle.

In*con"gru*ent (?), a. [L. incongruens. See In- not, and Congruent.] Incongruous. Sir T. Elyot.

In`con*gru"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incongruities (#). [Pref. in- not + congruity: cf. F. incongruité.]

1. The quality or state of being incongruous; want of congruity; unsuitableness; inconsistency; impropriety.

The fathers make use of this acknowledgment of the incongruity of images to the Deity, from thence to prove the incongruity of the worship of them.
Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. Disagreement of parts; want of symmetry or of harmony. [Obs.]

3. That which is incongruous; want of congruity.

In*con"gru*ous (?), a. [L. incongruus. See In- not, and Congruous.] Not congruous; reciprocally disagreeing; not capable of harmonizing or readily assimilating; inharmonious; inappropriate; unsuitable; not fitting; inconsistent; improper; as, an incongruous remark; incongruous behavior, action, dress, etc. "Incongruous mixtures of opinions." I. Taylor. "Made up of incongruous parts." Macaulay.

Incongruous denotes that kind of absence of harmony or suitableness of which the taste and experience of men takes cognizance.
C. J. Smith.

Incongruous numbers (Arith.), two numbers, which, with respect to a third, are such that their difference can not be divided by it without a remainder, the two numbers being said to be incongruous with respect to the third; as, twenty and twenty-five are incongruous with respect to four.

Syn. -- Inconsistent; unsuitable; inharmonious; disagreeing; absurd; inappropriate; unfit; improper. See Inconsistent.

-- In*con"gru*ous*ly, adv. -- In*con"gru*ous*ness, n.

In`con*nect"ed (?), a. Not connected; disconnected. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

In`con*nec"tion (?), n. Disconnection.

In`con*nex"ed*ly (?), adv. [Pref. in- not + connexed (p. p. of connex) + - ly.] Not connectedly; without connection. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In*con"scion*a*ble (?), a. Unconscionable. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*con"scious (?), a. Unconscious. [Obs.]

In`con*sec"u*tive*ness (?), n. The state or quality of not being consecutive. J. H. Newman.

In*con"se*quence (?), n. [L. inconsequentia: cf. F. inconséquence.] The quality or state of being inconsequent; want of just or logical inference or argument; inconclusiveness. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Strange, that you should not see the inconsequence of your own reasoning!
Bp. Hurd.

In*con"se*quent (?), a. [L. inconsequens: cf. F. inconséquent. See In- not, and Consequent.] Not following from the premises; not regularly inferred; invalid; not characterized by logical method; illogical; arbitrary; inconsistent; of no consequence.

Loose and inconsequent conjectures.
Sir T. Browne.

In*con`se*quen"tial (?), a. Not regularly following from the premises; hence, irrelevant; unimportant; of no consequence. Chesterfield. -- In*con`se*quen"tial*ly (#), adv.

In*con`se*quen`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being inconsequential.

In*con"se*quent*ness (?), n. Inconsequence.

In`con*sid"er*a*ble (?), a. Not considerable; unworthy of consideration or notice; unimportant; small; trivial; as, an inconsiderable distance; an inconsiderable quantity, degree, value, or sum. "The baser scum and inconsiderable dregs of Rome." Stepney. -- In`con*sid"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*sid"er*a*bly, adv.

In`con*sid"er*a*cy (?), n. Inconsiderateness; thoughtlessness. [Obs.] Chesterfield.

In`con*sid"er*ate (?), a. [L. inconsideratus. See In- not, and Considerate.]

1. Not considerate; not attentive to safety or to propriety; not regarding the rights or feelings of others; hasty; careless; thoughtless; heedless; as, the young are generally inconsiderate; inconsiderate conduct.

It is a very unhappy token of our corruption, that there should be any so inconsiderate among us as to sacrifice morality to politics.
Addison.

2. Inconsiderable. [Obs.] E. Terry.

Syn. -- Thoughtless; inattentive; inadvertent; heedless; negligent; improvident; careless; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; injudicious; rash; hasty.

In`con*sid"er*ate*ly, adv. In an inconsiderate manner.

In`con*sid"er*ate*ness, n. The quality or state of being inconsiderate. Tillotson.

In`con*sid`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. inconsideratio: cf. F. inconsidération.] Want of due consideration; inattention to consequences; inconsiderateness.

Blindness of mind, inconsideration, precipitation.
Jer. Taylor.

Not gross, willful, deliberate, crimes; but rather the effects of inconsideration.
Sharp.

In`con*sist"ence (?), n. Inconsistency.

In`con*sist"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Inconsistencies (#). [Cf. F. inconsistance.]

1. The quality or state of being inconsistent; discordance in respect to sentiment or action; such contrariety between two things that both can not exist or be true together; disagreement; incompatibility.

There is a perfect inconsistency between that which is of debt and that which is of free gift.
South.

2. Absurdity in argument ore narration; incoherence or irreconcilability in the parts of a statement, argument, or narration; that which is inconsistent.

If a man would register all his opinions upon love, politics, religion, and learning, what a bundle of inconsistencies and contradictions would appear at last!
Swift.

3. Want of stability or uniformity; unsteadiness; changeableness; variableness.

Mutability of temper, and inconsistency with ourselves, is the greatest weakness of human nature.
Addison.

In`con*sist"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + consistent: cf. F. inconsistant.]

1. Not consistent; showing inconsistency; irreconcilable; discordant; at variance, esp. as regards character, sentiment, or action; incompatible; incongruous; contradictory.

Compositions of this nature . . . show that wisdom and virtue are far from being inconsistent with politeness and good humor.
Addison.

2. Not exhibiting uniformity of sentiment, steadiness to principle, etc.; unequal; fickle; changeable.

Ah, how unjust to nature, and himself,
Is thoughtless, thankless, inconsistent man.
Young.

Syn. -- Incompatible; incongruous; irreconcilable; discordant; repugnant; contradictory. -- Inconsistent, Incongruous, Incompatible. Things are incongruous when they are not suited to each other, so that their union is unbecoming; inconsistent when they are opposed to each other, so as render it improper or wrong; incompatible when they can not coexist, and it is therefore impossible to unite them. Habitual levity of mind is incongruous with the profession of a clergyman; it is inconsistent with his ordination vows; it is incompatible with his permanent usefulness. Incongruity attaches to the modes and qualities of things; incompatibility attaches to their essential attributes; inconsistency attaches to the actions, sentiments, etc., of men.

In`con*sist"ent*ly (?), adv. In an inconsistent manner.

In`con*sist"ent*ness, n. Inconsistency. [R.]

In`con*sist"ing (?), a. Inconsistent. [Obs.]

In`con*sol"a*ble (?), a. [L. inconsolabilis: cf. F. inconsolable. See In- not, and Console.] Not consolable; incapable of being consoled; grieved beyond susceptibility of comfort; disconsolate. Dryden.

With inconsolable distress she griev'd,
And from her cheek the rose of beauty fled.
Falconer.

-- In`con*sol"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*sol"a*bly, adv.

{ In*con"so*nance (?), In*con"so*nan*cy (?), } n. Want of consonance or harmony of sound, action, or thought; disagreement.

In*con"so*nant (?), a. [L. inconsonans. See In- not, and Consonant.] Not consonant or agreeing; inconsistent; discordant. -- In*con"so*nant*ly, adv.

In`con*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. inconspicuus. See In- not, and Conspicuous.] Not conspicuous or noticeable; hardly discernible. -- In`con*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. -- In`con*spic"u*ous*ness, n. Boyle.

In*con"stance (?), n. [F. See Inconstancy.] Inconstancy. Chaucer.

In*con"stan*cy (?), n. [L. inconstantia.] The quality or state of being inconstant; want of constancy; mutability; fickleness; variableness.

For unto knight there was no greater shame,
Than lightness and inconstancie in love.
Spenser.

In*con"stant (?), a. [L. inconstans: cf. F. inconstant. See In- not, and Constant.] Not constant; not stable or uniform; subject to change of character, appearance, opinion, inclination, or purpose, etc.; not firm; unsteady; fickle; changeable; variable; -- said of persons or things; as, inconstant in love or friendship. "The inconstant moon." Shak.

While we, inquiring phantoms of a day,
Inconstant as the shadows we survey!
Boyse.

Syn. -- Mutable; fickle; volatile; unsteady; unstable; changeable; variable; wavering; fluctuating.

In*con"stant*ly, adv. In an inconstant manner.

In`con*sum"a*ble (?), a. Not consumable; incapable of being consumed, wasted, or spent. Paley. -- In`con*sum"a*bly, adv.

In`con*sum"mate (?), a. [L. inconsummatus. See In- not, and Consummate.] Not consummated; not finished; incomplete. Sir M. Hale. -- In`con*sum"mate*ness, n.

In`con*sump"ti*ble (?), a. [L. inconsumptibilis.] Inconsumable. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

In`con*tam"i*nate (?), a. [L. incontaminatus. See In- not, and not, and Contaminate.] Not contaminated; pure. Moore. -- In`con*tam"i*nate*ness, n.

In*con`ten*ta"tion (?), n. [See In- not, and Content.] Discontent. [Obs.] Goodwin.

In`con*test`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being incontestable.

In`con*test"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + contestable: cf. F. incontestable.] Not contestable; not to be disputed; that cannot be called in question or controverted; incontrovertible; indisputable; as, incontestable evidence, truth, or facts. Locke.

Syn. -- Incontrovertible; indisputable; irrefragable; undeniable; unquestionable; intuitable; certain.

-- In`con*test"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*test"a*bly, adv.

In`con*test"ed, a. Not contested. Addison.

In`con*tig"u*ous (?), a. [L. incontiguus that can not be touched. See In- not, and Contiguous.] Not contiguous; not adjoining or in contact; separate. Boyle. -- In`con*tig"u*ous*ly, adv.

{ In*con"ti*nence (?), In*con"ti*nen*cy (?), } n. [L. incontinentia: cf. F. incontinence.]

1. Incapacity to hold; hence, incapacity to hold back or restrain; the quality or state of being incontinent; want of continence; failure to restrain the passions or appetites; indulgence of lust; lewdness.

That Satan tempt you not for your incontinency.
1 Cor. vii. 5.

From the rash hand of bold incontinence.
Milton.

2. (Med.) The inability of any of the animal organs to restrain the natural evacuations, so that the discharges are involuntary; as, incontinence of urine.

In*con"ti*nent (?), a. [L. incontinens: cf. F. incontinent. See In- not, and Continent.]

1. Not continent; uncontrolled; not restraining the passions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite; indulging unlawful lust; unchaste; lewd.

2. (Med.) Unable to restrain natural evacuations.

In*con"ti*nent, n. One who is unchaste. B. Jonson.

In*con"ti*nent, adv. [Cf. F. incontinent.] Incontinently; instantly; immediately. [Obs.]

He says he will return incontinent.
Shak.

In*con"ti*nent*ly, adv. 1. In an incontinent manner; without restraint, or without due restraint; -- used esp. of the passions or appetites.

2. Immediately; at once; forthwith. [Archaic]

Immediately he sent word to Athens that he would incontinently come hither with a host of men.
Golding.

In`con*tract"ed (?), a. Uncontracted. [Obs.] Blackwall.

In`con*trol"la*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + controllable: cf. F. incontrôlable.] Not controllable; uncontrollable. -- In`con*trol"la*bly, adv. South.

In*con`tro*ver`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being incontrovertible.

In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble (?), a. Not controvertible; too clear or certain to admit of dispute; indisputable. Sir T. Browne. -- In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble*ness, n. -- In*con`tro*ver"ti*bly, adv.

In`con*ven"ience (?), n. [L. inconvenientia inconsistency: cf. OF. inconvenience.]

1. The quality or condition of being inconvenient; want of convenience; unfitness; unsuitableness; inexpediency; awkwardness; as, the inconvenience of the arrangement.

They plead against the inconvenience, not the unlawfulness, . . . of ceremonies in burial.
Hooker.

2. That which gives trouble, embarrassment, or uneasiness; disadvantage; anything that disturbs quiet, impedes prosperity, or increases the difficulty of action or success; as, one inconvenience of life is poverty.

A place upon the top of Mount Athos above all clouds of rain, or other inconvenience.
Sir W. Raleigh.

Man is liable to a great many inconveniences.
Tillotson.

Syn. -- Incommodiousness; awkwardness; disadvantage; disquiet; uneasiness; disturbance; annoyance.

In`con*ven"ience, v. t. To put to inconvenience; to incommode; as, to inconvenience a neighbor.

In`con*ven"ien*cy (?), n. Inconvenience.

In`con*ven"ient (?), a. [L. inconveniens unbefitting: cf. F. inconvénient. See In- not, and Convenient.]

1. Not becoming or suitable; unfit; inexpedient.

2. Not convenient; giving trouble, uneasiness, or annoyance; hindering progress or success; uncomfortable; disadvantageous; incommodious; inopportune; as, an inconvenient house, garment, arrangement, or time.

Syn. -- Unsuitable; uncomfortable; disaccommodating; awkward; unseasonable; inopportune; incommodious; disadvantageous; troublesome; cumbersome; embarrassing; objectionable.

In`con*ven"ient*ly, adv. In an inconvenient manner; incommodiously; unsuitably; unseasonably.

In`con*vers"a*ble (?), a. Incommunicative; unsocial; reserved. [Obs.]

In*con"ver*sant (?), a. Not conversant; not acquainted; not versed; unfamiliar.

In`con*vert"ed (?), a. Not turned or changed about. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

In`con*vert`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. inconvertibilitas.] The quality or state of being inconvertible; not capable of being exchanged for, or converted into, something else; as, the inconvertibility of an irredeemable currency, or of lead, into gold.

In`con*vert"i*ble (?), a. [L. inconvertibilis: cf. F. inconvertible. See In- not, and Convertible.] Not convertible; not capable of being transmuted, changed into, or exchanged for, something else; as, one metal is inconvertible into another; bank notes are sometimes inconvertible into specie. Walsh.

In`con*vert"i*ble*ness, n. Inconvertibility.

In`con*vert"i*bly, adv. In an inconvertible manner.

In`con*vin"ci*ble (?), a. [L. inconvincibilis. See In- not, and Convince.] Not convincible; incapable of being convinced.

None are so inconvincible as your half-witted people.
Gov. of the Tongue.

In`con*vin"ci*bly, adv. In a manner not admitting of being convinced.

In*co"ny (?), a. [Cf. Conny, Canny.] Unlearned; artless; pretty; delicate. [Obs.]

Most sweet jests! most incony vulgar wit!
Shak.

In`co*ör"di*nate (?), a. Not coördinate.

In`co*ör`di*na"tion (?), n. Want of coördination; lack of harmonious adjustment or action.

Incoördination of muscular movement (Physiol.), irregularity in movements resulting from inharmonious action of the muscles in consequence of loss of voluntary control over them.

In*cor"o*nate (?), a. [Pref. in- in + coronate.] Crowned. [R.] Longfellow.

In*cor"po*ral (?), a. [L. incorporalis. See In- not, and Corporal, and cf. Incorporeal.] Immaterial; incorporeal; spiritual. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

In*cor`po*ral"i*ty (?), n. [L. incorporalitas: cf. F. incorporalité.] Incorporeality. [Obs.] Bailey.

In*cor"po*ral*ly (?), adv. Incorporeally. [Obs.]

In*cor"po*rate (?), a. [L. incorporatus. See In- not, and Corporate.]

1. Not consisting of matter; not having a material body; incorporeal; spiritual.

Moses forbore to speak of angles, and things invisible, and incorporate.
Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Not incorporated; not existing as a corporation; as, an incorporate banking association.

In*cor"po*rate, a. [L. incorporatus, p. p. of incorporare to incorporate; pref. in- in + corporare to make into a body. See Corporate.] Corporate; incorporated; made one body, or united in one body; associated; mixed together; combined; embodied.

As if our hands, our sides, voices, and minds
Had been incorporate.
Shak.

A fifteenth part of silver incorporate with gold.
Bacon.

In*cor"po*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incorporated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incorporating (?).]

1. To form into a body; to combine, as different ingredients, into one consistent mass.

By your leaves, you shall not stay alone,
Till holy church incorporate two in one.
Shak.

2. To unite with a material body; to give a material form to; to embody.

The idolaters, who worshiped their images as gods, supposed some spirit to be incorporated therein.
Bp. Stillingfleet.

3. To unite with, or introduce into, a mass already formed; as, to incorporate copper with silver; -- used with with and into.

4. To unite intimately; to blend; to assimilate; to combine into a structure or organization, whether material or mental; as, to incorporate provinces into the realm; to incorporate another's ideas into one's work.

The Romans did not subdue a country to put the inhabitants to fire and sword, but to incorporate them into their own community.
Addison.

5. To form into a legal body, or body politic; to constitute into a corporation recognized by law, with special functions, rights, duties and liabilities; as, to incorporate a bank, a railroad company, a city or town, etc.

In*cor"po*rate (?), v. i. To unite in one body so as to make a part of it; to be mixed or blended; -- usually followed by with.

Painters' colors and ashes do better incorporate will oil.
Bacon.

He never suffers wrong so long to grow,
And to incorporate with right so far
As it might come to seem the same in show.
Daniel.

In*cor"po*ra`ted (?), a. United in one body; formed into a corporation; made a legal entity.

In*cor`po*ra"tion (?), n. [L. incorporatio: cf. F. incorporation.]

1. The act of incorporating, or the state of being incorporated.

2. The union of different ingredients in one mass; mixture; combination; synthesis.

3. The union of something with a body already existing; association; intimate union; assimilation; as, the incorporation of conquered countries into the Roman republic.

4. (Law) (a) The act of creating a corporation. (b) A body incorporated; a corporation.

In*cor"po*ra*tive (?), a. Incorporating or tending to incorporate; as, the incorporative languages (as of the Basques, North American Indians, etc. ) which run a whole phrase into one word.

History demonstrates that incorporative unions are solid and permanent; but that a federal union is weak.
W. Belsham.

In*cor"po*ra`tor (?), n. One of a number of persons who gets a company incorporated; one of the original members of a corporation.

In`cor*po"re*al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + corporeal: cf. L. incorporeus. Cf. Incorporal.]

1. Not corporeal; not having a material body or form; not consisting of matter; immaterial.

Thus incorporeal spirits to smaller forms
Reduced their shapes immense.
Milton.

Sense and perception must necessarily proceed from some incorporeal substance within us.
Bentley.

2. (Law) Existing only in contemplation of law; not capable of actual visible seizin or possession; not being an object of sense; intangible; -- opposed to corporeal.

Incorporeal hereditament. See under Hereditament.

Syn. -- Immaterial; unsubstantial; bodiless; spiritual.

In`cor*po"re*al*ism (?), n. Existence without a body or material form; immateriality. Cudworth.

In`cor*po"re*al*ist, n. One who believes in incorporealism. Cudworth.

In`cor*po`re*al"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being incorporeal or bodiless; immateriality; incorporealism. G. Eliot.

In`cor*po"re*al*ly (?), adv. In an incorporeal manner. Bacon.

In*cor`po*re"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + corporeity: cf. F. incorporéite.] The quality of being incorporeal; immateriality. Berkeley.

In*corpse" (?), v. t. To incorporate. [R.] Shak.

In`cor*rect" (?), a. [L. incorrectus: cf. F. incorrect. See In- not, and Correct.]

1. Not correct; not according to a copy or model, or to established rules; inaccurate; faulty.

The piece, you think, is incorrect.
Pope.

2. Not in accordance with the truth; inaccurate; not exact; as, an incorrect statement or calculation.

3. Not accordant with duty or morality; not duly regulated or subordinated; unbecoming; improper; as, incorrect conduct.

It shows a will most incorrect to heaven.
Shak.

The wit of the last age was yet more incorrect than their language.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Inaccurate; erroneous; wrong; faulty.

In`cor*rec"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + correction: cf. F. incorrection.] Want of correction, restraint, or discipline. [Obs.] Arnway.

In`cor*rect"ly (?), adv. Not correctly; inaccurately; not exactly; as, a writing incorrectly copied; testimony incorrectly stated.

In`cor*rect"ness, n. The quality of being incorrect; want of conformity to truth or to a standard; inaccuracy; inexactness; as, incorrectness may consist in defect or in redundance.

{ In*cor`re*spond"ence (?), In*cor`re*spond"en*cy (?), } n. Want of correspondence; disagreement; disproportion. [R.]

In*cor`re*spond"ing, a. Not corresponding; disagreeing. [R.] Coleridge.

In*cor`ri*gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incorrigibilité.] The state or quality of being incorrigible.

The ingratitude, the incorrigibility, the strange perverseness . . . of mankind.
Barrow.

In*cor"ri*gi*ble (?), a. [L. incorrigibilis: cf. F. incorrigible. See In- not, and Corrigible.] Not corrigible; incapable of being corrected or amended; bad beyond correction; irreclaimable; as, incorrigible error. "Incorrigible fools." Dryden.

In*cor"ri*gi*ble (?), n. One who is incorrigible; especially, a hardened criminal; as, the perpetual imprisonment of incorrigibles.

In*cor"ri*gi*ble*ness (?), n. Incorrigibility. Dr. H. More.

In*cor"ri*gi*bly, adv. In an incorrigible manner.

In`cor*rod"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being corroded, consumed, or eaten away.

In`cor*rupt" (?), a. [L. incorruptus. See In- not, and Corrupt.]

1. Not affected with corruption or decay; unimpaired; not marred or spoiled.

2. Not defiled or depraved; pure; sound; untainted; above the influence of bribes; upright; honest. Milton.

Your Christian principles . . . which will preserve you incorrupt as individuals.
Bp. Hurd.

In`cor*rupt"ed (?), a. Uncorrupted. [Obs.]

Breathed into their incorrupted breasts.
Sir J. Davies.

In`cor*rupt`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incorruptibilitas: cf. F. incorruptibilité.] The quality of being incorruptible; incapability of corruption. Holland.

In`cor*rupt"i*ble (?), a. [L. incorruptibilis: cf. F. incorruptible. See In- not, and Corrupt.]

1. Not corruptible; incapable of corruption, decay, or dissolution; as, gold is incorruptible.

Our bodies shall be changed into incorruptible and immortal substances.
Wake.

2. Incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted; inflexibly just and upright.

In`cor*rupt"i*ble, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a religious sect which arose in Alexandria, in the reign of the Emperor Justinian, and which believed that the body of Christ was incorruptible, and that he suffered hunger, thirst, pain, only in appearance.

In`cor*rupt"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being incorruptible. Boyle.

In`cor*rupt"i*bly, adv. In an incorruptible manner.

In`cor*rup"tion (?), n. [L. incorruptio: cf. F. incorruption. See In- not, and Corruption.] The condition or quality of being incorrupt or incorruptible; absence of, or exemption from, corruption.

It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption.
1 Cor. xv. 42.

The same preservation, or, rather, incorruption, we have observed in the flesh of turkeys, capons, etc.
Sir T. Browne.

In`cor*rupt"ive (?), a. [L. incorruptivus.] Incorruptible; not liable to decay. Akenside.

In`cor*rupt"ly (?), adv. Without corruption.

To demean themselves incorruptly.
Milton.

In`cor*rupt"ness, n. 1. Freedom or exemption from decay or corruption.

2. Probity; integrity; honesty. Woodward.

In*cras"sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incrassated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incrassating.] [L. incrassatus, p. p. of incrassare; pref. in- in + crassus thick.] To make thick or thicker; to thicken; especially, in pharmacy, to thicken (a liquid) by the mixture of another substance, or by evaporating the thinner parts.

Acids dissolve or attenuate; alkalies precipitate or incrassate.
Sir I. Newton.

Liquors which time hath incrassated into jellies.
Sir T. Browne.

In*cras"sate, v. i. To become thick or thicker.

{ In*cras"sate (?), In*cras"sa*ted (?), } a. [L. incrassatus, p. p.]

1. Made thick or thicker; thickened; inspissated.

2. (Bot.) Thickened; becoming thicker. Martyn.

3. (Zoöl.) Swelled out on some particular part, as the antennæ of certain insects.

In`cras*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incrassation.]

1. The act or process of thickening or making thick; the process of becoming thick or thicker.

2. The state of being incrassated or made thick; inspissation. Sir T. Browne.

In*cras"sa*tive (?), a. Having the quality of thickening; tending to thicken. Harvey.

In*cras"sa*tive, n. A substance which has the power to thicken; formerly, a medicine supposed to thicken the humors. Harvey.

In*creas"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being increased. Sherwood. -- In*creas"a*ble*ness, n.

An indefinite increasableness of some of our ideas.
Bp. Law.

In*crease" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Increased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Increasing.] [OE. incresen, encresen, enrescen, OF. encreistre, fr. L. increscere; pref. in- in + crescere to grow. See Crescent, and cf. Decrease.]

1. To become greater or more in size, quantity, number, degree, value, intensity, power, authority, reputation, wealth; to grow; to augment; to advance; -- opposed to decrease.

The waters increased and bare up the ark.
Gen. vii. 17.

He must increase, but I must decrease.
John iii. 30.

The heavens forbid
But that our loves and comforts should increase,
Even as our days do grow!
Shak.

2. To multiply by the production of young; to be fertile, fruitful, or prolific.

Fishes are more numerous or increasing than beasts or birds, as appears by their numerous spawn.
Sir M. Hale.

3. (Astron.) To become more nearly full; to show more of the surface; to wax; as, the moon increases.

Increasing function (Math.), a function whose value increases when that of the variable increases, and decreases when the latter is diminished.

Syn. -- To enlarge; extend; multiply; expand; develop; heighten; amplify; raise; enhance; spread; aggravate; magnify; augment; advance. -- To Increase, Enlarge, Extend. Enlarge implies to make larger or broader in size. Extend marks the progress of enlargement so as to have wider boundaries. Increase denotes enlargement by growth and internal vitality, as in the case of plants. A kingdom is enlarged by the addition of new territories; the mind is enlarged by knowledge. A kingdom is extended when its boundaries are carried to a greater distance from the center. A man's riches, honors, knowledge, etc., are increased by accessions which are made from time to time.

In*crease" (?), v. t. To augment or make greater in bulk, quantity, extent, value, or amount, etc.; to add to; to extend; to lengthen; to enhance; to aggravate; as, to increase one's possessions, influence.

I will increase the famine.
Ezek. v. 16.

Make denials
Increase your services.
Shak.

In"crease (?; 277), n. [OE. encres, encresse. See Increase, v. i.]

1. Addition or enlargement in size, extent, quantity, number, intensity, value, substance, etc.; augmentation; growth.

As if increase of appetite had grown
By what it fed on.
Shak.

For things of tender kind for pleasure made
Shoot up with swift increase, and sudden are decay'd.
Dryden.

2. That which is added to the original stock by augmentation or growth; produce; profit; interest.

Take thou no usury of him, or increase.
Lev. xxv. 36.

Let them not live to taste this land's increase.
Shak.

3. Progeny; issue; offspring.

All the increase of thy house shall die in the flower of their age.
1 Sam. ii. 33.

4. Generation. [Obs.] "Organs of increase." Shak.

5. (Astron.) The period of increasing light, or luminous phase; the waxing; -- said of the moon.

Seeds, hair, nails, hedges, and herbs will grow soonest if set or cut in the increase of the moon.
Bacon.

Increase twist, the twixt of a rifle groove in which the angle of twist increases from the breech to the muzzle.

Syn. -- Enlargement; extension; growth; development; increment; addition; accession; production.

In*crease"ful (?), a. Full of increase; abundant in produce. "Increaseful crops." [R.] Shak.

In*crease"ment (?), n. Increase. [R.] Bacon.

In*creas"er (?), n. One who, or that, increases.

In*creas"ing*ly, adv. More and more.

In`cre*ate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Increated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Increating.] [Pref. in- in + create.] To create within. [R.]

{ In"cre*ate (?), In"cre*a`ted (?), } a. [L. increatus. See In- not, and Create.] Uncreated; self-existent. [R.]

Bright effluence of bright essence increate.
Milton.

In*cred`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incredibilitas: cf. F. incrédibilité.]

1. The quality or state of being incredible; incredibleness. Dryden.

2. That which is incredible. Johnson.

In*cred"i*ble (?), a. [L. incredibilis: cf. OF. incredible. See In- not, and Credible.] Not credible; surpassing belief; too extraordinary and improbable to admit of belief; unlikely; marvelous; fabulous.

Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should raise the dead?
Acts xxvi. 8.

In*cred"i*ble*ness, n. Incredibility.

In*cred"i*bly, adv. In an incredible manner.

In*cred"it*ed (?), a. Uncredited. [Obs.]

In`cre*du"li*ty (?), n. [L. incredulitas: cf. F. incrédulité.] The state or quality of being incredulous; a withholding or refusal of belief; skepticism; unbelief; disbelief.

Of every species of incredulity, religious unbelief is the most irrational.
Buckminster.

In*cred"u*lous (?; 135), a. [L. incredulus. See In- not, and Credulous.]

1. Not credulous; indisposed to admit or accept that which is related as true, skeptical; unbelieving. Bacon.

A fantastical incredulous fool.
Bp. Wilkins.

2. Indicating, or caused by, disbelief or incredulity. "An incredulous smile." Longfellow.

3. Incredible; not easy to be believed. [R.] Shak.

In*cred"u*lous*ly, adv. In an incredulous manner; with incredulity.

In*cred"u*lous*ness, n. Incredulity.

In*crem"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. cremabilis combustible, fr. cremare to burn.] Incapable of being burnt; incombustibe. Sir T. Browne.

In"cre*mate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + cremate.] To consume or reduce to ashes by burning, as a dead body; to cremate.

In`cre*ma"tion (?), n. Burning; esp., the act of burning a dead body; cremation.

In"cre*ment (?), n. [L. incrementum: cf. F. incrément. See Increase.]

1. The act or process of increasing; growth in bulk, guantity, number, value, or amount; augmentation; enlargement.

The seminary that furnisheth matter for the formation and increment of animal and vegetable bodies.
Woodward.

A nation, to be great, ought to be compressed in its increment by nations more civilized than itself.
Coleridge.

2. Matter added; increase; produce; production; -- opposed to decrement. "Large increment." J. Philips.

3. (Math.) The increase of a variable quantity or fraction from its present value to its next ascending value; the finite quantity, generally variable, by which a variable quantity is increased.

4. (Rhet.) An amplification without strict climax, as in the following passage:

Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, . . . think on these things.
Phil. iv. 8.

Infinitesimal increment (Math.), an infinitesimally small variation considered in Differential Calculus. See Calculus. -- Method of increments (Math.), a calculus founded on the properties of the successive values of variable quantities and their differences or increments. It differs from the method of fluxions in treating these differences as finite, instead of infinitely small, and is equivalent to the calculus of finite differences.

In`cre*men"tal (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, the process of growth; as, the incremental lines in the dentine of teeth.

In"cre*pate (?), v. t. [L. increpatus, p. p. of increpare to upbraid; pref. in- in, against + crepare to talk noisily.] To chide; to rebuke; to reprove. [Obs.]

In`cre*pa"tion (?), n. [L. increpatio.] A chiding; rebuke; reproof. [Obs.] Hammond.

In*cres"cent (?), a. [L. increscens, -entis, p. pr. of increscere. See Increase.]

1. Increasing; growing; augmenting; swelling; enlarging.

Between the incresent and decrescent moon.
Tennyson.

2. (Her.) Increasing; on the increase; -- said of the moon represented as the new moon, with the points turned toward the dexter side.

In*crest" (?), v. t. To adorn with a crest. [R.] Drummond.

In*crim"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incriminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incriminating.] [LL. incriminatus, p. p. of incriminare; in- in + criminare, criminari, to accuse one of a crime. See Criminate.] To accuse; to charge with a crime or fault; to criminate.

In*crim`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of incriminating; crimination.

In*crim"i*na*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to crimination; tending to incriminate; criminatory.

In`cru*en"tal (?), a. [L. incruentus. See In- not, and Cruentous.] Unbloody; not attended with blood; as, an incruental sacrifice. [Obs.] Brevint.

In*crust" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incrusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Incrusting.] [L. incrustare; pref. in- in + crustare to cover with a crust: cf. F. incruster. See Crust.] [Written also encrust.]

1. To cover or line with a crust, or hard coat; to form a crust on the surface of; as, iron incrusted with rust; a vessel incrusted with salt; a sweetmeat incrusted with sugar.

And by the frost refin'd the whiter snow,
Incrusted hard.
Thomson.

2. (Fine Arts) To inlay into, as a piece of carving or other ornamental object.

In*crus"tate (?), a. [L. incrustatus, p. p. See Incrust.] Incrusted. Bacon.

In*crus"tate (?), v. t. To incrust. [R.] Cheyne.

In`crus*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incrustatio: cf. F. incrustation. See Incrust.]

1. The act of incrusting, or the state of being incrusted.

2. A crust or hard coating of anything upon or within a body, as a deposit of lime, sediment, etc., from water on the inner surface of a steam boiler.

3. (Arch.) A covering or inlaying of marble, mosaic, etc., attached to the masonry by cramp irons or cement.

4. (Fine Arts) Anything inlaid or imbedded.

In*crust"ment (?), n. Incrustation. [R.]

In*crys"tal*li`za*ble (?), a. Not crystallizable; incapable of being formed into crystals.

In"cu*bate (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Incubated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incubating (?).] [L. incubatus, p. p. incubare to lie on; pref. in- in, on + cubare to lie down. Cf. Cubit, Incumbent.] To sit, as on eggs for hatching; to brood; to brood upon, or keep warm, as eggs, for the purpose of hatching.

In`cu*ba"tion (?), n. [L. incubatio: cf. F. incubation.]

1. A sitting on eggs for the purpose of hatching young; a brooding on, or keeping warm, (eggs) to develop the life within, by any process. Ray.

2. (Med.) The development of a disease from its causes, or its period of incubation. (See below.)

3. A sleeping in a consecrated place for the purpose of dreaming oracular dreams. Tylor.

Period of incubation, or Stage of incubation (Med.), the period which elapses between exposure to the causes of a disease and the attack resulting from it; the time of development of the supposed germs or spores.

In"cu*ba*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to incubation, or to the period of incubation.

In"cu*ba`tor (?), n. That which incubates, especially, an apparatus by means of which eggs are hatched by artificial heat.

In*cu"ba*to*ry (?), a. Serving for incubation.

In*cube" (?), v. t. To fix firmly, as in cube; to secure or place firmly. [Obs.] Milton.

In*cu"bi*ture (?; 135), n. [Cf. L. incubitus.] Incubation. [Obs.] J. Ellis.

In"cu*bous (?), a. [From L. incubare to lie on.] (Bot.) Having the leaves so placed that the upper part of each one covers the base of the leaf next above it, as in hepatic mosses of the genus Frullania. See Succubous.

In"cu*bus (?), n.; pl. E. Incubuses (#), L. Incubi (#). [L., the nightmare. Cf. Incubate.]

1. A demon; a fiend; a lascivious spirit, supposed to have sexual intercourse with women by night. Tylor.

The devils who appeared in the female form were generally called succubi; those who appeared like men incubi, though this distinction was not always preserved.
Lecky.

2. (Med.) The nightmare. See Nightmare.

Such as are troubled with incubus, or witch- ridden, as we call it.
Burton.

3. Any oppressive encumbrance or burden; anything that prevents the free use of the faculties.

Debt and usury is the incubus which weighs most heavily on the agricultural resources of Turkey.
J. L. Farley.

In*cul"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inculcated; p. pr. & vb. n. Inculcating (?).] [L. inculcatus, p. p. of inculcare to tread on; pref. in- in, on + calcare to tread, fr. calx the heel; perh. akin to E. heel. Cf. 2d Calk, Heel.] To teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions; to urge on the mind; as, Christ inculcates on his followers humility.

The most obvious and necessary duties of life they have not yet had authority enough to enforce and inculcate upon men's minds.
S. Clarke.

Syn. -- To instill; infuse; implant; engraft; impress.

In`cul*ca"tion (?), n. [L. inculcatio: cf. F. inculcation.] A teaching and impressing by frequent repetitions. Bp. Hall.

In*cul"ca*tor (?), n. [L.] One who inculcates. Boyle.

In*culk" (?). v. t. [Cf. F. inculquer. See Inculcate.] To inculcate. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

In*culp" (?), v. t. [Cf. inculper. See Inculpate.] To inculpate. [Obs.] Shelton.

In*cul"pa*ble (?), a. [L. inculpabilis: cf. F. incupable.] Faultless; blameless; innocent. South.

An innocent and incupable piece of ignorance.
Killingbeck.

In*cul"pa*ble*ness, n. Blamelessness; faultlessness.

In*cul"pa*bly, adv. Blamelessly. South.

In*cul"pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inculpated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inculpating (?).] [LL. inculpatus, p. p. of inculpare to blame; pref. in- in + culpa fault. See Culpable.] [A word of recent introduction.] To blame; to impute guilt to; to accuse; to involve or implicate in guilt.

That risk could only exculpate her and not inculpate them -- the probabilities protected them so perfectly.
H. James.

In`cul*pa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inculpation.] Blame; censure; crimination. Jefferson.

In*cul"pa*to*ry (?), a. Imputing blame; criminatory; compromising; implicating.

In*cult" (?), a. [L. incultus; pref. in- not + cultus, p. p. of colere to cultivate: cf. F. inculte.] Untilled; uncultivated; crude; rude; uncivilized.

Germany then, says Tacitus, was incult and horrid, now full of magnificent cities.
Burton.

His style is diffuse and incult.
M. W. Shelley.

In*cul"ti*va`ted (?), a. Uncultivated. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

In*cul`ti*va"tion (?), n. Want of cultivation. [Obs.] Berington.

In*cul"ture (?; 135), n. [Pref. in- not + culture: cf. F. inculture.] Want or neglect of cultivation or culture. [Obs.] Feltham.

In*cum"ben*cy (?), n.; pl. Incumbencies (#). [From Incumbent.]

1. The state of being incumbent; a lying or resting on something.

2. That which is physically incumbent; that which lies as a burden; a weight. Evelyn.

3. That which is morally incumbent, or is imposed, as a rule, a duty, obligation, or responsibility. "The incumbencies of a family." Donne.

4. The state of holding a benefice; the full possession and exercise of any office.

These fines are only to be paid to the bishop during his incumbency.
Swift.

In*cum"bent (?), a. [L. incumbens, -entis, p. pr. of incumbere to lie down upon, press upon; pref. in- in, on + cumbere (in comp.); akin to cubare to lie down. See Incubate.]

1. Lying; resting; reclining; recumbent; superimposed; superincumbent.

Two incumbent figures, gracefully leaning upon it.
Sir H. Wotton.

To move the incumbent load they try.
Addison.

2. Lying, resting, or imposed, as a duty or obligation; obligatory; always with on or upon.

All men, truly zealous, will perform those good works that are incumbent on all Christians.
Sprat.

3. (Bot.) Leaning or resting; -- said of anthers when lying on the inner side of the filament, or of cotyledons when the radicle lies against the back of one of them. Gray.

4. (Zoöl.) Bent downwards so that the ends touch, or rest on, something else; as, the incumbent toe of a bird.

In*cum"bent, n. A person who is in present possession of a benefice or of any office.

The incumbent lieth at the mercy of his patron.
Swift.

In*cum"bent*ly, adv. In an incumbent manner; so as to be incumbent.

In*cum"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incumbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incumbering.] See Encumber.

In`cum*bi"tion (?), n. Incubation. [R.] Sterne.

In*cum"brance (?), n. [See Encumbrance.] [Written also encumbrance.]

1. A burdensome and troublesome load; anything that impedes motion or action, or renders it difficult or laborious; clog; impediment; hindrance; check. Cowper.

2. (Law) A burden or charge upon property; a claim or lien upon an estate, which may diminish its value.

In*cum"bran*cer (?), n. (Law) One who holds an incumbrance, or some legal claim, lien, or charge on an estate. Kent.

In*cum"brous (?), a. [Cf. OF. encombros.] Cumbersome; troublesome. [Written also encombrous.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

||In`cu*nab"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Incunabula (#). [L. incunabula cradle, birthplace, origin. See 1st In-, and Cunabula.] A work of art or of human industry, of an early epoch; especially, a book printed before a. d. 1500.

In*cur" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incurring (?).] [L. incurrere to run into or toward; pref. in- in + currere to run. See Current.]

1. To meet or fall in with, as something inconvenient, harmful, or onerous; to put one's self in the way of; to expose one's self to; to become liable or subject to; to bring down upon one's self; to encounter; to contract; as, to incur debt, danger, displeasure, penalty, responsibility, etc.

I know not what I shall incur to pass it,
Having no warrant.
Shak.

2. To render liable or subject to; to occasion. [Obs.]

Lest you incur me much more damage in my fame than you have done me pleasure in preserving my life.
Chapman.

In*cur", v. i. To pass; to enter. [Obs.]

Light is discerned by itself because by itself it incurs into the eye.
South.

In*cur`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incurabilité incurability, LL. incurabilitas negligence.] The state of being incurable; irremediableness. Harvey.

In*cur"a*ble (?), a. [F. incurable, L. incurabilis. See In- not, and Curable.]

1. Not capable of being cured; beyond the power of skill or medicine to remedy; as, an incurable disease.

A scirrhus is not absolutely incurable.
Arbuthnot.

2. Not admitting or capable of remedy or correction; irremediable; remediless; as, incurable evils.

Rancorous and incurable hostility.
Burke.

They were laboring under a profound, and, as it might have seemed, an almost incurable ignorance.
Sir J. Stephen.

Syn. -- Irremediable; remediless; irrecoverable; irretrievable; irreparable; hopeless.

In*cur"a*ble, n. A person diseased beyond cure.

In*cur"a*ble*ness, n. The state of being incurable; incurability. Boyle.

In*cur"a*bly, adv. In a manner that renders cure impracticable or impossible; irremediably. "Incurably diseased." Bp. Hall. "Incurably wicked." Blair.

In*cu`ri*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. incuriositas: cf. F. incurosité.] Want of curiosity or interest; inattentiveness; indifference. Sir H. Wotton.

In*cu"ri*ous (?), a. [L. incuriosus: cf. F. incurieux. See In- not, and Curious.] Not curious or inquisitive; without care for or interest in; inattentive; careless; negligent; heedless.

Carelessnesses and incurious deportments toward their children.
Jer. Taylor.

In*cu"ri*ous*ly, adv. In an curious manner.

In*cu"ri*ous*ness, n. Unconcernedness; incuriosity.

Sordid incuriousness and slovenly neglect.
Bp. Hall.

In*cur"rence (?), n. [See Incur.] The act of incurring, bringing on, or subjecting one's self to (something troublesome or burdensome); as, the incurrence of guilt, debt, responsibility, etc.

In*cur"rent (?), a. [L. incurrens, p. pr. incurere, incursum, to run in; in- + currere to run.] (Zoöl.) Characterized by a current which flows inward; as, the incurrent orifice of lamellibranch Mollusca.

In*cur"sion (?), n. [L. incursio: cf. F. incursion. See Incur.]

1. A running into; hence, an entering into a territory with hostile intention; a temporary invasion; a predatory or harassing inroad; a raid.

The Scythian, whose incursions wild
Have wasted Sogdiana.
Milton.

The incursions of the Goths disordered the affairs of the Roman Empire.
Arbuthnot.

2. Attack; occurrence. [Obs.]

Sins of daily incursion.
South.

Syn. -- Invasion; inroad; raid; foray; sally; attack; onset; irruption. See Invasion.

In*cur"sive (?), a. Making an incursion; invasive; aggressive; hostile.

In*cur"tain (?), v. t. To curtain. [Obs.]

In*cur"vate (?), a. [L. incurvatus, p. p. of incurvare to crook; pref. in- in + curvus bent. See Curve, and cf. Incurve.] Curved; bent; crooked. Derham.

In*cur"vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurvated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incurvating.] To turn from a straight line or course; to bend; to crook. Cheyne.

In`cur*va"tion (?), n. [L. incurvatio: cf. F. incurvation.]

1. The act of bending, or curving.

2. The state of being bent or curved; curvature.

An incurvation of the rays.
Derham.

3. The act of bowing, or bending the body, in respect or reverence. "The incurvations of the knee." Bp. Hall.

In*curve" (&ibreve;n*kûv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurved (-kûvd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Incurving.] [See Incurvate.] To bend; to curve; to make crooked.

In*curved" (&ibreve;n*kûvd"), a. [Pref. in- in + curved.] (Bot.) Bending gradually toward the axis or center, as branches or petals.

In*cur"vi*ty (&ibreve;n*kû"v&ibreve;*t&ybreve;), n. [From L. incurvus bent. See Incurvate.] A state of being bent or curved; incurvation; a bending inwards. Sir T. Browne.

||In"cus (?), n. [L., anvil.]

1. An anvil.

2. (Anat.) One of the small bones in the tympanum of the ear; the anvil bone. See Ear.

3. (Zoöl.) The central portion of the armature of the pharynx in the Rotifera.

In*cuse" (?), a. [See Incuse, v. t.] (Numismatics) Cut or stamped in, or hollowed out by engraving. "Irregular incuse square." Dr. W. Smith.

{ In*cuse" (?), In*cuss" (?), } v. t. [L. incussus, p. p. of incutere to strike. See 1st In-, and Concuss.] To form, or mold, by striking or stamping, as a coin or medal.

In*cute" (?), v. t. [See Incuse.] To strike or stamp in. [Obs.] Becon.

In*cyst" (?), v. t. See Encyst.

In*cyst"ed, a. See Encysted.

Ind (?), n. India. [Poetical] Shak. Milton.

In"da*gate (?), v. t. [L. indagatus, p. p. of indagare to seek.] To seek or search out. [Obs.]

In`da*ga"tion (?), n. [L. indagatio: cf. F. indagation.] Search; inquiry; investigation. [Obs.]

In"da*ga*tive (?), a. Searching; exploring; investigating. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

In"da*ga`tor (?), n. [L.] A searcher; an explorer; an investigator. [Obs.]

Searched into by such skillful indagators of nature.
Boyle.

In*dam"age (?; 48), v. t. See Endamage. [R.]

In*dam"aged (?), a. Not damaged. [Obs.] Milton.

In*dart" (?), v. t. To pierce, as with a dart.

In"da*zol (?), n. [Indol + azote.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous compound, C7H6N2, analogous to indol, and produced from a diazo derivative of cinnamic acid.

Inde (?), a. Azure-colored; of a bright blue color. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

In*dear" (?), v. t. See Endear.

In*debt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indebted; p. pr. & vb. n. Indebting.] [OE. endetten, F. endetter; pref. en- (L. in) + F. dette debt. See Debt.] To bring into debt; to place under obligation; -- chiefly used in the participle indebted.

Thy fortune hath indebted thee to none.
Daniel.

In*debt"ed, a. 1. Brought into debt; being under obligation; held to payment or requital; beholden.

By owing, owes not, but still pays, at once
Indebted and discharged.
Milton.

2. Placed under obligation for something received, for which restitution or gratitude is due; as, we are indebted to our parents for their care of us in infancy; indebted to friends for help and encouragement. Cowper.

In*debt"ed*ness, n. 1. The state of being indebted.

2. The sum owed; debts, collectively.

In*debt"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. endettement.] Indebtedness. [R.] Bp. Hall.

In*de"cence (?), n. See Indecency. [Obs.] "An indecence of barbarity." Bp. Burnet.

In*de"cen*cy (?), n.; pl. Indecencies (#). [L. indecentia unseemliness: cf. F. indécence.]

1. The quality or state of being indecent; want of decency, modesty, or good manners; obscenity.

2. That which is indecent; an indecent word or act; an offense against delicacy.

They who, by speech or writing, present to the ear or the eye of modesty any of the indecencies I allude to, are pests of society.
Beattie.

Syn. -- Indelicacy; indecorum; immodesty; impurity; obscenity. See Indecorum.

In*de"cent (?), a. [L. indecens unseemly, unbecoming: cf. F. indécent. See In- not, and Decent.] Not decent; unfit to be seen or heard; offensive to modesty and delicacy; as, indecent language. Cowper.

Syn. -- Unbecoming; indecorous; indelicate; unseemly; immodest; gross; shameful; impure; improper; obscene; filthy.

In*de"cent*ly, adv. In an indecent manner.

In`de*cid"u*ate (?), a. 1. Indeciduous.

2. (Anat.) Having no decidua; nondeciduate.

In`de*cid"u*ous (?), a. Not deciduous or falling, as the leaves of trees in autumn; lasting; evergreen; persistent; permanent; perennial.

The indeciduous and unshaven locks of Apollo.
Sir T. Browne.

In*dec"i*ma*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + LL. decimare to tithe: cf. F. indécimable. See Decimate.] Not decimable, or liable to be decimated; not liable to the payment of tithes. Cowell.

In`de*ci"pher*a*ble (?), a. Not decipherable; incapable of being deciphered, explained, or solved. -- In`de*ci"pher*a*bly, adv.

In`de*ci"sion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + decision: cf. F. indécision.] Want of decision; want of settled purpose, or of firmness; indetermination; wavering of mind; irresolution; vacillation; hesitation.

The term indecision . . . implies an idea very nicely different from irresolution; yet it has a tendency to produce it.
Shenstone.

Indecision . . . is the natural accomplice of violence.
Burke.

In`de*ci"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. indécisif.]

1. Not decisive; not bringing to a final or ultimate issue; as, an indecisive battle, argument, answer.

The campaign had everywhere been indecisive.
Macaulay.

2. Undetermined; prone to indecision; irresolute; unsettled; wavering; vacillating; hesitating; as, an indecisive state of mind; an indecisive character.

In`de*ci"sive*ly, adv. Without decision.

In`de*ci"sive*ness, n. The state of being indecisive; unsettled state.

In`de*clin"a*ble (?), a. [L. indeclinabilis: cf. F. indéclinable. See In- not, and Decline.] (Gram.) Not declinable; not varied by inflective terminations; as, nihil (nothing), in Latin, is an indeclinable noun. -- n. An indeclinable word.

In`de*clin"a*bly, adv. 1. Without variation.

2. (Gram.) Without variation of termination.

In*de`com*pos"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + decomposable: cf. F. indécomposable.] Not decomposable; incapable or difficult of decomposition; not resolvable into its constituents or elements.

In*de`com*pos"a*ble*ness, n. Incapableness of decomposition; stability; permanence; durability.

In`de*co"rous (?; 277), a. [L. indecorous. See In- not, and Decorous.] Not decorous; violating good manners; contrary to good breeding or etiquette; unbecoming; improper; out of place; as, indecorous conduct.

It was useless and indecorous to attempt anything more by mere struggle.
Burke.

Syn. -- Unbecoming; unseemly; unbefitting; rude; coarse; impolite; uncivil; ill-bred.

In`de*co"rous*ly, adv. In an indecorous manner.

In`de*co"rous*ness, n. The quality of being indecorous; want of decorum.

In`de*co"rum (?), n. [Pref. in- not + decorum: cf. L. indecorous unbecoming.]

1. Want of decorum; impropriety of behavior; that in behavior or manners which violates the established rules of civility, custom, or etiquette; indecorousness.

2. An indecorous or unbecoming action. Young.

Syn. -- Indecorum is sometimes synonymous with indecency; but indecency, more frequently than indecorum, is applied to words or actions which refer to what nature and propriety require to be concealed or suppressed. Indecency is the stronger word; indecorum refers to any transgression of etiquette or civility, especially in public.

In*deed" (?), adv. [Prep. in + deed.] In reality; in truth; in fact; verily; truly; -- used in a variety of senses. Esp.: (a) Denoting emphasis; as, indeed it is so. (b) Denoting concession or admission; as, indeed, you are right. (c) Denoting surprise; as, indeed, is it you? Its meaning is not intrinsic or fixed, but depends largely on the form of expression which it accompanies.

The carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be.
Rom. viii. 7.

I were a beast indeed to do you wrong.
Dryden.

There is, indeed, no great pleasure in visiting these magazines of war.
Addison.

In`de*fat`i*ga*bil"i*ty (&ibreve;n`d&esl;*făt`&ibreve;*g&adot;*b&ibreve;l"&ibreve;*t&y breve;), n. The state of being indefatigable.

In`de*fat"i*ga*ble (&ibreve;n`d&esl;*făt"&ibreve;*g&adot;*b'l), a. [L. indefatigabilis: cf. OF. indefatigable. See In- not, and Defatigable, and cf. Infatigable.] Incapable of being fatigued; not readily exhausted; unremitting in labor or effort; untiring; unwearying; not yielding to fatigue; as, indefatigable exertions, perseverance, application. "A constant, indefatigable attendance." South.

Upborne with indefatigable wings.
Milton.

Syn. -- Unwearied; untiring; persevering; persistent.

In`de*fat"i*ga*ble*ness, n. Indefatigable quality; unweariedness; persistency. Parnell.

In`de*fat"i*ga*bly, adv. Without weariness; without yielding to fatigue; persistently. Dryden.

In`de*fat`i*ga"tion (?), n. Indefatigableness; unweariedness. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

In`de*fea`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being indefeasible.

In`de*fea`si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + defeasible: cf. OF. indefaisable.] Not to be defeated; not defeasible; incapable of being annulled or made void; as, an indefeasible or title.

That the king had a divine and an indefeasible right to the regal power.
Macaulay.

In`de*fect`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indéfectibilité.] The quality of being indefectible. Barrow.

In`de*fect"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + defectible: cf. F. indéfectible.] Not defectible; unfailing; not liable to defect, failure, or decay.

An indefectible treasure in the heavens.
Barrow.

A state of indefectible virtue and happiness.
S. Clarke.

In`de*fect"ive (?), a. Not defective; perfect; complete. "Absolute, indefective obedience." South.

In`de*fei"si*ble (?), a. Indefeasible. [Obs.]

In`de*fen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of not being defensible. Walsh.

In`de*fen"si*ble (?), [Pref. in- not + defensible: cf. OF. indefensible, indefensable.] Not defensible; not capable of being defended, maintained, vindicated, or justified; unjustifiable; untenable; as, an indefensible fortress, position, cause, etc.

Men find that something can be said in favor of what, on the very proposal, they thought utterly indefensible.
Burke.

In`de*fen"si*bly, adv. In an indefensible manner.

In`de*fen"sive (?), a. Defenseless. [Obs.]

The sword awes the indefensive villager.
Sir T. Herbert.

In`de*fi"cien*cy, n. The state or quality of not being deficient. [Obs.] Strype.

In`de*fi"cient (?), a. [L. indeficiens. See In- not, and Deficient.] Not deficient; full. [Obs.]

Brighter than the sun, and indeficient as the light of heaven.
Jer. Taylor.

In`de*fin"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being defined or described; inexplicable. Bp. Reynolds.

In`de*fin"a*bly, adv. In an indefinable manner.

In*def"i*nite (?), a. [L. indefinitus. See In- not, and Definite.]

1. Not definite; not limited, defined, or specified; not explicit; not determined or fixed upon; not precise; uncertain; vague; confused; obscure; as, an indefinite time, plan, etc.

It were to be wished that . . . men would leave off that indefinite way of vouching, "the chymists say this," or "the chymists affirm that."
Boyle.

The time of this last is left indefinite.
Dryden.

2. Having no determined or certain limits; large and unmeasured, though not infinite; unlimited; as, indefinite space; the indefinite extension of a straight line.

Though it is not infinite, it may be indefinite; though it is not boundless in itself, it may be so to human comprehension.
Spectator.

3. Boundless; infinite. [R.]

Indefinite and omnipresent God,
Inhabiting eternity.
W. Thompson (1745).

4. (Bot.) Too numerous or variable to make a particular enumeration important; -- said of the parts of a flower, and the like. Also, indeterminate.

Indefinite article (Gram.), the word a or an, used with nouns to denote any one of a common or general class. -- Indefinite inflorescence. (Bot.) See Indeterminate inflorescence, under Indeterminate. -- Indefinite proposition (Logic), a statement whose subject is a common term, with nothing to indicate distribution or nondistribution; as, Man is mortal. -- Indefinite term (Logic), a negative term; as, the not- good.

Syn. -- Inexplicit; vague; uncertain; unsettled; indeterminate; loose; equivocal; inexact; approximate.

In*def"i*nite*ly, adv. In an indefinite manner or degree; without any settled limitation; vaguely; not with certainty or exactness; as, to use a word indefinitely.

If the world be indefinitely extended, that is, so far as no human intellect can fancy any bound of it.
Ray.

In*def"i*nite*ness, n. The quality of being indefinite.

In`de*fin"i*tude (?), n. Indefiniteness; vagueness; also, number or quantity not limited by our understanding, though yet finite. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

In`de*his"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. indéhiscence.] (Bot.) The property or state of being indehiscent.

In`de*his"cent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dehiscent: cf. F. indéhiscent.] (Bot.) Remaining closed at maturity, or not opening along regular lines, as the acorn, or a cocoanut.

In`de*lec"ta*ble (?), a. Not delectable; unpleasant; disagreeable. [R.] Richardson.

In`de*lib"er*ate (?), a. [L. indeliberatus. See In- not, and Deliberate.] Done without deliberation; unpremeditated. [Obs.] -- In`de*lib"er*ate*ly, adv. [Obs.]

In`de*lib"er*a`ted (?), a. Indeliberate. [Obs.]

In*del`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indélébilité.] The quality of being indelible. Bp. Horsley.

In*del"i*ble (?), a. [L. indelebilis; pref. in- not + delebilis capable of being destroyed: cf. F. indélébile. See In- not, and Deleble.] [Formerly written also indeleble, which accords with the etymology of the word.]

1. That can not be removed, washed away, blotted out, or effaced; incapable of being canceled, lost, or forgotten; as, indelible characters; an indelible stain; an indelible impression on the memory.

2. That can not be annulled; indestructible. [R.]

They are endued with indelible power from above.
Sprat.

Indelible colors, fast colors which do not fade or tarnish by exposure. -- Indelible ink, an ink not obliterated by washing; esp., a solution of silver nitrate.

Syn. -- Fixed; fast; permanent; ineffaceable.

-- In*del"i*ble*ness, n. -- In*del"i*bly, adv.

Indelibly stamped and impressed.
J. Ellis.

In*del"i*ca*cy (?), n.; pl. Indelicacies (#). [From Indelicate.] The quality of being indelicate; want of delicacy, or of a nice sense of, or regard for, purity, propriety, or refinement in manners, language, etc.; rudeness; coarseness; also, that which is offensive to refined taste or purity of mind.

The indelicacy of English comedy.
Blair.

Your papers would be chargeable with worse than indelicacy; they would be immoral.
Addison.

In*del"i*cate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + delicate: cf. F. indélicat.] Not delicate; wanting delicacy; offensive to good manners, or to purity of mind; coarse; rude; as, an indelicate word or suggestion; indelicate behavior. Macaulay. -- In*del"i*cate*ly, adv.

Syn. -- Indecorous; unbecoming; unseemly; rude; coarse; broad; impolite; gross; indecent; offensive; improper; unchaste; impure; unrefined.

In*dem`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. 1. The act or process of indemnifying, preserving, or securing against loss, damage, or penalty; reimbursement of loss, damage, or penalty; the state of being indemnified.

Indemnification is capable of some estimate; dignity has no standard.
Burke.

2. That which indemnifies.

No reward with the name of an indemnification.
De Quincey.

In*dem"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indemnified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indemnifying (?).] [L. indemnis unhurt (in- not + damnum hurt, damage) + -fy. Cf. Damn, Damnify.]

1. To save harmless; to secure against loss or damage; to insure.

The states must at last engage to the merchants here that they will indemnify them from all that shall fall out.
Sir W. Temple.

2. To make restitution or compensation for, as for that which is lost; to make whole; to reimburse; to compensate. Beattie.

In*dem"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Indemnities (#). [L. indemnitas, fr. indemnis uninjured: cf. F. indemnité. See Indemnify.]

1. Security; insurance; exemption from loss or damage, past or to come; immunity from penalty, or the punishment of past offenses; amnesty.

Having first obtained a promise of indemnity for the riot they had committed.
Sir W. Scott.

2. Indemnification, compensation, or remuneration for loss, damage, or injury sustained.

They were told to expect, upon the fall of Walpole, a large and lucrative indemnity for their pretended wrongs.
Ld. Mahon.

&fist; Insurance is a contract of indemnity. Arnould. The owner of private property taken for public use is entitled to compensation or indemnity. Kent.

Act of indemnity (Law), an act or law passed in order to relieve persons, especially in an official station, from some penalty to which they are liable in consequence of acting illegally, or, in case of ministers, in consequence of exceeding the limits of their strict constitutional powers. These acts also sometimes provide compensation for losses or damage, either incurred in the service of the government, or resulting from some public measure.

In`de*mon`stra*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being indemonstrable.

In`de*mon"stra*ble (?), a. [L. indemonstrabilis. See In- not, and Demonstrable.] Incapable of being demonstrated. -- In`de*mon"stra*ble*ness, n.

In*den`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of naturalizing; endenization. [R.] Evelyn.

In*den"ize (?), v. t. To naturalize. [R.]

In*den"i*zen (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indenizened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indenizening.] To invest with the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize. [R.]

Words indenizened, and commonly used as English.
B. Jonson.

In*dent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indented; p. pr. & vb. n. Indenting.] [OE. endenten to notch, fit in, OF. endenter, LL. indentare, fr. L. in + dens, dentis, tooth. See Tooth, and cf. Indenture.]

1. To notch; to jag; to cut into points like a row of teeth; as, to indent the edge of paper.

2. To dent; to stamp or to press in; to impress; as, indent a smooth surface with a hammer; to indent wax with a stamp.

3. [Cf. Indenture.] To bind out by indenture or contract; to indenture; to apprentice; as, to indent a young man to a shoemaker; to indent a servant.

4. (Print.) To begin (a line or lines) at a greater or less distance from the margin; as, to indent the first line of a paragraph one em; to indent the second paragraph two ems more than the first. See Indentation, and Indention.

5. (Mil.) To make an order upon; to draw upon, as for military stores. [India] Wilhelm.

In*dent", v. i. 1. To be cut, notched, or dented.

2. To crook or turn; to wind in and out; to zigzag.

3. To contract; to bargain or covenant. Shak.

To indent and drive bargains with the Almighty.
South.

In*dent" (?), n. 1. A cut or notch in the margin of anything, or a recess like a notch. Shak.

2. A stamp; an impression. [Obs.]

3. A certificate, or intended certificate, issued by the government of the United States at the close of the Revolution, for the principal or interest of the public debt. D. Ramsay. A. Hamilton.

4. (Mil.) A requisition or order for supplies, sent to the commissariat of an army. [India] Wilhelm.

In`den*ta"tion (?), n. 1. The act of indenting or state of being indented.

2. A notch or recess, in the margin or border of anything; as, the indentations of a leaf, of the coast, etc.

3. A recess or sharp depression in any surface.

4. (Print.) (a) The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph. (b) The measure of the distance; as, an indentation of one em, or of two ems.

Hanging, or Reverse, indentation, indentation of all the lines of a paragraph except the first, which is a full line.

In*dent"ed (?), a. 1. Cut in the edge into points or inequalities, like teeth; jagged; notched; stamped in; dented on the surface.

2. Having an uneven, irregular border; sinuous; undulating. Milton. Shak.

3. (Her.) Notched like the part of a saw consisting of the teeth; serrated; as, an indented border or ordinary.

4. Bound out by an indenture; apprenticed; indentured; as, an indented servant.

5. (Zoöl.) Notched along the margin with a different color, as the feathers of some birds.

Indented line (Fort.), a line with alternate long and short faces, with salient and receding angles, each face giving a flanking fire along the front of the next.

In*dent"ed*ly, adv. With indentations.

In*dent"ing (?), n. Indentation; an impression like that made by a tooth.

In*den"tion (?), n. (Print.) Same as Indentation, 4.

In*dent"ment (?), n. Indenture. [Obs.]

In*den"ture (?; 135), n. [OE. endenture, OF. endenture, LL. indentura a deed in duplicate, with indented edges. See the Note below. See Indent.]

1. The act of indenting, or state of being indented.

2. (Law) A mutual agreement in writing between two or more parties, whereof each party has usually a counterpart or duplicate; sometimes in the pl., a short form for indentures of apprenticeship, the contract by which a youth is bound apprentice to a master.

The law is the best expositor of the gospel; they are like a pair of indentures: they answer in every part.
C. Leslie.

&fist; Indentures were originally duplicates, laid together and indented by a notched cut or line, or else written on the same piece of parchment and separated by a notched line so that the two papers or parchments corresponded to each other. But indenting has gradually become a mere form, and is often neglected, while the writings or counterparts retain the name of indentures.

In*den"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indentured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indenturing.]

1. To indent; to make hollows, notches, or wrinkles in; to furrow.

Though age may creep on, and indenture the brow.
Woty.

2. To bind by indentures or written contract; as, to indenture an apprentice.

In*den"ture, v. i. To run or wind in and out; to be cut or notched; to indent. Heywood.

In`de*pend"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. indépendance.]

1. The state or quality of being independent; freedom from dependence; exemption from reliance on, or control by, others; self-subsistence or maintenance; direction of one's own affairs without interference.

Let fortune do her worst, . . . as long as she never makes us lose our honesty and our independence.
Pope.

2. Sufficient means for a comfortable livelihood.

Declaration of Independence (Amer. Hist.), the declaration of the Congress of the Thirteen United States of America, on the 4th of July, 1776, by which they formally declared that these colonies were free and independent States, not subject to the government of Great Britain.

In`de*pend"en*cy, n. 1. Independence.

"Give me," I cried (enough for me),
"My bread, and independency!"
Pope.

2. (Eccl.) Doctrine and polity of the Independents.

In`de*pend"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dependent: cf. F. indépendant.]

1. Not dependent; free; not subject to control by others; not relying on others; not subordinate; as, few men are wholly independent.

A dry, but independent crust.
Cowper.

2. Affording a comfortable livelihood; as, an independent property.

3. Not subject to bias or influence; not obsequious; self-directing; as, a man of an independent mind.

4. Expressing or indicating the feeling of independence; free; easy; bold; unconstrained; as, an independent air or manner.

5. Separate from; exclusive; irrespective.

That obligation in general, under which we conceive ourselves bound to obey a law, independent of those resources which the law provides for its own enforcement.
R. P. Ward.

6. (Eccl.) Belonging or pertaining to, or holding to the doctrines or methods of, the Independents.

7. (Math.) Not dependent upon another quantity in respect to value or rate of variation; -- said of quantities or functions.

8. (U. S. Politics) Not bound by party; exercising a free choice in voting with either or any party.

Independent company (Mil.), one not incorporated in any regiment. -- Independent seconds watch, a stop watch having a second hand driven by a separate set of wheels, springs, etc., for timing to a fraction of a second. -- Independent variable. (Math.) See Dependent variable, under Dependent.

Syn. -- Free; uncontrolled; separate; uncoerced; self- reliant; bold; unconstrained; unrestricted.

In`de*pend"ent (?), n. 1. (Eccl.) One who believes that an organized Christian church is complete in itself, competent to self- government, and independent of all ecclesiastical authority.

&fist; In England the name is often applied (commonly in the pl.) to the Congregationalists.

2. (Politics) One who does not acknowledge an obligation to support a party's candidate under all circumstances; one who exercises liberty in voting.

In`de*pend"ent*ism (?), n. Independency; the church system of Independents. Bp. Gauden.

In`de*pend"ent*ly, adv. In an independent manner; without control.

In`de*pos"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being deposed. [R.]

Princes indeposable by the pope.
Bp. Stillingfleet.

In*dep"ra*vate (?), a. [L. indepravatus.] Undepraved. [R.] Davies (Holy Roode).

In*dep"re*ca*ble (?), a. [L. indeprecabilis. See In- not, and Deprecate.] Incapable or undeserving of being deprecated. Cockeram.

In*dep`re*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. indeprehensibilis. See In- not, and Deprehensible.] Incapable of being found out. Bp. Morton.

In`de*priv"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being deprived, or of being taken away.

In`de*scrib"a*ble, a. Incapable of being described. -- In`de*scrib"a*bly, adv.

In`de*scrip"tive (?), a. Not descriptive.

In`de*sert" (?), n. Ill desert. [R.] Addison.

In*des"i*nent (?), a. [L. indesinens. See In- not, and Desinent.] Not ceasing; perpetual. [Obs.] Baxter. -- In*des"i*nent*ly, adv. [Obs.] Ray.

In`de*sir"a*ble (?), a. Undesirable.

In`de*struc`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indestructibilité.] The quality of being indestructible.

In`de*struc"ti*ble, a. [Pref. in- not + destructible: cf. F. indestructible.] Not destructible; incapable of decomposition or of being destroyed. -- In`de*struc"ti*ble*ness, n. -- In`de*struc"ti*bly, adv.

In`de*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [L. indeterminabilis: cf. F. indéterminable. See In- not, and Determine.] Not determinable; impossible to be determined; not to be definitely known, ascertained, defined, or limited. -- In`de*ter"mi*na*bly, adv.

In`de*ter"mi*na*ble, n. An indeterminable thing or quantity. Sir T. Browne.

In`de*ter"mi*nate (?), a. [L. indeterminatus.] Not determinate; not certain or fixed; indefinite; not precise; as, an indeterminate number of years. Paley.

Indeterminate analysis (Math.), that branch of analysis which has for its object the solution of indeterminate problems. -- Indeterminate coefficients (Math.), coefficients arbitrarily assumed for convenience of calculation, or to facilitate some artifice of analysis. Their values are subsequently determined. -- Indeterminate equation (Math.), an equation in which the unknown quantities admit of an infinite number of values, or sets of values. A group of equations is indeterminate when it contains more unknown quantities than there are equations. -- Indeterminate inflorescence (Bot.), a mode of inflorescence in which the flowers all arise from axillary buds, the terminal bud going on to grow and sometimes continuing the stem indefinitely; -- called also acropetal, botryose, centripetal, ∧ indefinite inflorescence. Gray. -- Indeterminate problem (Math.), a problem which admits of an infinite number of solutions, or one in which there are fewer imposed conditions than there are unknown or required results. -- Indeterminate quantity (Math.), a quantity which has no fixed value, but which may be varied in accordance with any proposed condition. -- Indeterminate series (Math.), a series whose terms proceed by the powers of an indeterminate quantity, sometimes also with indeterminate exponents, or indeterminate coefficients.

-- In`de*ter"mi*nate*ly adv. -- In`de*ter"mi*nate*ness, n.

In`de*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + determination: cf. indétermination.]

1. Want of determination; an unsettled or wavering state, as of the mind. Jer. Taylor.

2. Want of fixed or stated direction. Abp. Bramhall.

In`de*ter"mined (?), a. Undetermined.

In`de*vir"gin*ate (?), a. [See In- not, Devirginate.] Not devirginate. [Obs.] Chapman.

In*de*vote" (?), a. [L. indevotus: cf. F. indévot. Cf. Indevout.] Not devoted. [Obs.] Bentley. Clarendon.

In`de*vo"tion (?), n. [L. indevotio: cf. F. indévotion.] Want of devotion; impiety; irreligion. "An age of indevotion." Jer. Taylor.

In*de*vout" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + devout. Cf. Indevote.] Not devout. -- In*de*vout"ly, adv.

In*dew" (?), v. t. To indue. [Obs.] Spenser.

In"dex (?), n.; pl. E. Indexes (#), L. Indices (#)(&?;). [L.: cf. F. index. See Indicate, Diction.]

1. That which points out; that which shows, indicates, manifests, or discloses.

Tastes are the indexes of the different qualities of plants.
Arbuthnot.

2. That which guides, points out, informs, or directs; a pointer or a hand that directs to anything, as the hand of a watch, a movable finger on a gauge, scale, or other graduated instrument. In printing, a sign [&fist;] used to direct particular attention to a note or paragraph; -- called also fist.

3. A table for facilitating reference to topics, names, and the like, in a book; -- usually alphabetical in arrangement, and printed at the end of the volume.

4. A prologue indicating what follows. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Anat.) The second digit, that next to the pollex, in the manus, or hand; the forefinger; index finger.

6. (Math.) The figure or letter which shows the power or root of a quantity; the exponent. [In this sense the plural is always indices.]

Index error, the error in the reading of a mathematical instrument arising from the zero of the index not being in complete adjustment with that of the limb, or with its theoretically perfect position in the instrument; a correction to be applied to the instrument readings equal to the error of the zero adjustment. -- Index expurgatorius. [L.] See Index prohibitorius (below). -- Index finger. See Index, 5. -- Index glass, the mirror on the index of a quadrant, sextant, etc. -- Index hand, the pointer or hand of a clock, watch, or other registering machine; a hand that points to something. -- Index of a logarithm (Math.), the integral part of the logarithm, and always one less than the number of integral figures in the given number. It is also called the characteristic. -- Index of refraction, or Refractive index (Opt.), the number which expresses the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction. Thus the index of refraction for sulphur is 2, because, when light passes out of air into sulphur, the sine of the angle of incidence is double the sine of the angle of refraction. -- Index plate, a graduated circular plate, or one with circular rows of holes differently spaced; used in machines for graduating circles, cutting gear teeth, etc. -- Index prohibitorius [L.], or Prohibitory index (R. C. Ch.), a catalogue of books which are forbidden by the church to be read; the index expurgatorius [L.], or expurgatory index, is a catalogue of books from which passages marked as against faith or morals must be removed before Catholics can read them. These catalogues are published with additions, from time to time, by the Congregation of the Index, composed of cardinals, theologians, etc., under the sanction of the pope. Hook. -- Index rerum [L.], a tabulated and alphabetized notebook, for systematic preservation of items, quotations, etc.

In"dex (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indexing.] To provide with an index or table of references; to put into an index; as, to index a book, or its contents.

In"dex*er (?), n. One who makes an index.

In*dex"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, an index; having the form of an index.

In*dex"ic*al*ly, adv. In the manner of an index.

In`dex*ter"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + dexterity: cf. F. indextérité.] Want of dexterity or readiness, especially in the use of the hands; clumsiness; awkwardness. Harvey.

In"di*a (?), n. [See Indian.] A country in Southern Asia; the two peninsulas of Hither and Farther India; in a restricted sense, Hither India, or Hindostan.

India ink, a nearly black pigment brought chiefly from China, used for water colors. It is in rolls, or in square, and consists of lampblack or ivory black and animal glue. Called also China ink. The true India ink is sepia. See Sepia. -- India matting, floor matting made in China, India, etc., from grass and reeds; -- also called Canton, or China, matting. -- India paper, a variety of Chinese paper, of smooth but not glossy surface, used for printing from engravings, woodcuts, etc. -- India proof (Engraving), a proof impression from an engraved plate, taken on India paper. - - India rubber. See Caoutchouc. -- India-rubber tree (Bot.), any tree yielding caoutchouc, but especially the East Indian Ficus elastica, often cultivated for its large, shining, elliptical leaves.

In*di"a*dem, v. t. To place or set in a diadem, as a gem or gems.

In"di*a*man (?), n.; pl. Indiamen (&?;). A large vessel in the India trade. Macaulay.

In"di*an (?; 277), a. [From India, and this fr. Indus, the name of a river in Asia, L. Indus, Gr. &?;, OPers. Hindu, name of the land on the Indus, Skr. sindhu river, the Indus. Cf. Hindoo.]

1. Of or pertaining to India proper; also to the East Indies, or, sometimes, to the West Indies.

2. Of or pertaining to the aborigines, or Indians, of America; as, Indian wars; the Indian tomahawk.

3. Made of maize or Indian corn; as, Indian corn, Indian meal, Indian bread, and the like. [U.S.]

Indian bay (Bot.), a lauraceous tree (Persea Indica). -- Indian bean (Bot.), a name of the catalpa. -- Indian berry. (Bot.) Same as Cocculus indicus. -- Indian bread. (Bot.) Same as Cassava. -- Indian club, a wooden club, which is swung by the hand for gymnastic exercise. -- Indian cordage, cordage made of the fibers of cocoanut husk. -- Indian corn (Bot.), a plant of the genus Zea (Z. Mays); the maize, a native of America. See Corn, and Maize. -- Indian cress (Bot.), nasturtium. See Nasturtium, 2. -- Indian cucumber (Bot.), a plant of the genus Medeola (M. Virginica), a common in woods in the United States. The white rootstock has a taste like cucumbers. -- Indian currant (Bot.), a plant of the genus Symphoricarpus (S. vulgaris), bearing small red berries. -- Indian dye, the puccoon. -- Indian fig. (Bot.) (a) The banyan. See Banyan. (b) The prickly pear. -- Indian file, single file; arrangement of persons in a row following one after another, the usual way among Indians of traversing woods, especially when on the war path. -- Indian fire, a pyrotechnic composition of sulphur, niter, and realgar, burning with a brilliant white light. -- Indian grass (Bot.), a coarse, high grass (Chrysopogon nutans), common in the southern portions of the United States; wood grass. Gray. -- Indian hemp. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Apocynum (A. cannabinum), having a milky juice, and a tough, fibrous bark, whence the name. The root it used in medicine and is both emetic and cathartic in properties. (b) The variety of common hemp (Cannabis Indica), from which hasheesh is obtained. -- Indian mallow (Bot.), the velvet leaf (Abutilon Avicennæ). See Abutilon. -- Indian meal, ground corn or maize. [U.S.] -- Indian millet (Bot.), a tall annual grass (Sorghum vulgare), having many varieties, among which are broom corn, Guinea corn, durra, and the Chinese sugar cane. It is called also Guinea corn. See Durra. -- Indian ox (Zoöl.), the zebu. - - Indian paint. See Bloodroot. -- Indian paper. See India paper, under India. -- Indian physic (Bot.), a plant of two species of the genus Gillenia (G. trifoliata, and G. stipulacea), common in the United States, the roots of which are used in medicine as a mild emetic; -- called also American ipecac, and bowman's root. Gray. -- Indian pink. (Bot.) (a) The Cypress vine (Ipomœa Quamoclit); -- so called in the West Indies. (b) See China pink, under China. -- Indian pipe (Bot.), a low, fleshy herb (Monotropa uniflora), growing in clusters in dark woods, and having scalelike leaves, and a solitary nodding flower. The whole plant is waxy white, but turns black in drying. -- Indian plantain (Bot.), a name given to several species of the genus Cacalia, tall herbs with composite white flowers, common through the United States in rich woods. Gray. -- Indian poke (Bot.), a plant usually known as the white hellebore (Veratrum viride). -- Indian pudding, a pudding of which the chief ingredients are Indian meal, milk, and molasses. -- Indian purple. (a) A dull purple color. (b) The pigment of the same name, intensely blue and black. -- Indian red. (a) A purplish red earth or pigment composed of a silicate of iron and alumina, with magnesia. It comes from the Persian Gulf. Called also Persian red. (b) See Almagra. -- Indian rice (Bot.), a reedlike water grass. See Rice. -- Indian shot (Bot.), a plant of the genus Canna (C. Indica). The hard black seeds are as large as swan shot. See Canna. -- Indian summer, in the United States, a period of warm and pleasant weather occurring late in autumn. See under Summer. -- Indian tobacco (Bot.), a species of Lobelia. See Lobelia. -- Indian turnip (Bot.), an American plant of the genus Arisæma. A. triphyllum has a wrinkled farinaceous root resembling a small turnip, but with a very acrid juice. See Jack in the Pulpit, and Wake-robin. -- Indian wheat, maize or Indian corn. -- Indian yellow. (a) An intense rich yellow color, deeper than gamboge but less pure than cadmium. (b) See Euxanthin.

In"di*an (?; 277), n. 1. A native or inhabitant of India.

2. One of the aboriginal inhabitants of America; -- so called originally from the supposed identity of America with India.

In`di*an*eer" (?), n. (Naut.) An Indiaman.

In"di*a rub"ber (?). See Caoutchouc.

In"dic*al (?), a. [From L. index, indicis, an index.] Indexical. [R.] Fuller.

In"di*can (?), n. [See Indigo.]

1. (Chem.) A glucoside obtained from woad (indigo plant) and other plants, as a yellow or light brown sirup. It has a nauseous bitter taste, and decomposes on drying. By the action of acids, ferments, etc., it breaks down into sugar and indigo. It is the source of natural indigo.

2. (Physiol. Chem.) An indigo-forming substance, found in urine, and other animal fluids, and convertible into red and blue indigo (urrhodin and uroglaucin). Chemically, it is indoxyl sulphate of potash, C8H6NSO4K, and is derived from the indol formed in the alimentary canal. Called also uroxanthin.

In"di*cant (?), a. [L. indicans, p. pr. indicare. See Indicate.] Serving to point out, as a remedy; indicating.

In"di*cant, n. That which indicates or points out; as, an indicant of the remedy for a disease.

In"di*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indicating (?).] [L. indicatus, p. p. of indicare to indicate; pref. in- in + dicare to proclaim; akin to dicere to say. See Diction, and cf. Indict, Indite.]

1. To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known.

That turns and turns to indicate
From what point blows the weather.
Cowper.

2. (Med.) To show or manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper remedies; as, great prostration of strength indicates the use of stimulants.

3. (Mach.) To investigate the condition or power of, as of steam engine, by means of an indicator.

Syn. -- To show; mark; signify; denote; discover; evidence; evince; manifest; declare; specify; explain; exhibit; present; reveal; disclose; display.

In"di*ca`ted (?), a. Shown; denoted; registered; measured.

Indicated power. See Indicated horse power, under Horse power.

In`di*ca"tion (?), n. [L. indicatio: cf. F. indication.]

1. Act of pointing out or indicating.

2. That which serves to indicate or point out; mark; token; sign; symptom; evidence.

The frequent stops they make in the most convenient places are plain indications of their weariness.
Addison.

3. Discovery made; information. Bentley.

4. Explanation; display. [Obs.] Bacon.

5. (Med.) Any symptom or occurrence in a disease, which serves to direct to suitable remedies.

Syn. -- Proof; demonstration; sign; token; mark; evidence; signal.

In*dic"a*tive (?), a. [L. indicativus: cf. F. indicatif.]

1. Pointing out; bringing to notice; giving intimation or knowledge of something not visible or obvious.

That truth is productive of utility, and utility indicative of truth, may be thus proved.
Bp. Warburton.

2. (Fine Arts) Suggestive; representing the whole by a part, as a fleet by a ship, a forest by a tree, etc.

Indicative mood (Gram.), that mood or form of the verb which indicates, that is, which simply affirms or denies or inquires; as, he writes; he is not writing; has the mail arrived?

In*dic"a*tive, n. (Gram.) The indicative mood.

In*dic"a*tive*ly, adv. In an indicative manner; in a way to show or signify.

In"di*ca`tor (&ibreve;n"d&ibreve;*kā`t&etilde;r), n. [L.: cf. F. indicateur.]

1. One who, or that which, shows or points out; as, a fare indicator in a street car.

2. (Mach.) A pressure gauge; a water gauge, as for a steam boiler; an apparatus or instrument for showing the working of a machine or moving part; as: (a) (Steam Engine) An instrument which draws a diagram showing the varying pressure in the cylinder of an engine or pump at every point of the stroke. It consists of a small cylinder communicating with the engine cylinder and fitted with a piston which the varying pressure drives upward more or less against the resistance of a spring. A lever imparts motion to a pencil which traces the diagram on a card wrapped around a vertical drum which is turned back and forth by a string connected with the piston rod of the engine. See Indicator card (below). (b) A telltale connected with a hoisting machine, to show, at the surface, the position of the cage in the shaft of a mine, etc.

3. (Mech.) The part of an instrument by which an effect is indicated, as an index or pointer.

4. (Zoöl.) Any bird of the genus Indicator and allied genera. See Honey guide, under Honey.

5. (Chem.) That which indicates the condition of acidity, alkalinity, or the deficiency, excess, or sufficiency of a standard reagent, by causing an appearance, disappearance, or change of color, as in titration or volumetric analysis.

&fist; The common indicators are litmus, tropæolin, phenol phthalein, potassic permanganate, etc.

Indicator card, the figure drawn by an engine indicator, by means of which the working of the engine can be investigated and its power calculated. The Illustration shows one form of indicator card, from a steam engine, together with scales by which the pressure of the steam above or below that of the atmosphere, corresponding to any position of the engine piston in its stroke, can be measured. Called also indicator diagram. - - Indicator telegraph, a telegraph in which the signals are the deflections of a magnetic needle, as in the trans- Atlantic system.

In"di*ca*to*ry (&ibreve;n"d&ibreve;*k&adot;*t&osl;*r&ybreve;; 277), a. Serving to show or make known; showing; indicative; signifying; implying.

In`di*ca"trix (?), n. [NL.] (Geom. of Three Dimensions) A certain conic section supposed to be drawn in the tangent plane to any surface, and used to determine the accidents of curvature of the surface at the point of contact. The curve is similar to the intersection of the surface with a parallel to the tangent plane and indefinitely near it. It is an ellipse when the curvature is synclastic, and an hyperbola when the curvature is anticlastic.

||In`di*ca"vit (?), n. [L., he has indicated.] (Eng. Law) A writ of prohibition against proceeding in the spiritual court in certain cases, when the suit belongs to the common-law courts. Wharton (Law Dict. ).

In"dice (?), n. [F. indice indication, index. See Index.] Index; indication. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

In"di*ces (?), n. pl. See Index.

||In*di"ci*a (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of indicium, fr. index an index.] (Law) Discriminating marks; signs; tokens; indications; appearances. Burrill.

In*dic"i*ble (?), a. [F.] Unspeakable. [Obs.]

In*dic"o*lite (?), n. [L. indicum indigo + -lite: cf. F. indicolithe.] (Min.) A variety of tourmaline of an indigo-blue color.

In*dict" (-dīt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indicted (- dīt"&ebreve;d); p. pr. & vb. n. Indicting.] [OE. enditen. See Indite.]

1. To write; to compose; to dictate; to indite. [Obs.]

2. To appoint publicly or by authority; to proclaim or announce. [Obs.]

I am told shall have no Lent indicted this year.
Evelyn.

3. (Law) To charge with a crime, in due form of law, by the finding or presentment of a grand jury; to find an indictment against; as, to indict a man for arson. It is the peculiar province of a grand jury to indict, as it is of a house of representatives to impeach.

In*dict"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, indicted; subject to indictment; as, an indictable offender or offense.

In`dict*ee" (?), n. (Law) A person indicted.

In*dict"er (?), n. One who indicts.

In*dic"tion (?), n. [L. indictio: cf. F. indiction. See Indict, Indite.]

1. Declaration; proclamation; public notice or appointment. [Obs.] "Indiction of a war." Bacon.

Secular princes did use to indict, or permit the indiction of, synods of bishops.
Jer. Taylor.

2. A cycle of fifteen years.

&fist; This mode of reckoning time is said to have been introduced by Constantine the Great, in connection with the payment of tribute. It was adopted at various times by the Greek emperors of Constantinople, the popes, and the parliaments of France. Through the influence of the popes, it was extensively used in the ecclesiastical chronology of the Middle Ages. The number of indictions was reckoned at first from 312 a. d., but since the twelfth century it has been reckoned from the birth of Christ. The papal indiction is the only one ever used at the present day. To find the indiction and year of the indiction by the first method, subtract 312 from the given year a. d., and divide by 15; by the second method, add 3 to the given year a. d., and the divide by 15. In either case, the quotient is the number of the current indiction, and the remainder the year of the indiction. See Cycle of indiction, under Cycle.

In*dic"tive (?), a. [L. indictivus. See Indict.] Proclaimed; declared; public. Kennet.

In*dict"ment (?), n. [Cf. Inditement.]

1. The act of indicting, or the state of being indicted.

2. (Law) The formal statement of an offense, as framed by the prosecuting authority of the State, and found by the grand jury.

&fist; To the validity of an indictment a finding by the grand jury is essential, while an information rests only on presentation by the prosecuting authority.

3. An accusation in general; a formal accusation.

Bill of indictment. See under Bill.

In*dict"or (?), n. (Law) One who indicts. Bacon.

In"dies (?), n. pl. A name designating the East Indies, also the West Indies.

Our king has all the Indies in his arms.
Shak.

In*dif"fer*ence (?), n. [L. indifferentia similarity, want of difference: cf. F. indifférence.]

1. The quality or state of being indifferent, or not making a difference; want of sufficient importance to constitute a difference; absence of weight; insignificance.

2. Passableness; mediocrity.

3. Impartiality; freedom from prejudice, prepossession, or bias.

He . . . is far from such indifference and equity as ought and must be in judges which he saith I assign.
Sir T. More.

4. Absence of anxiety or interest in respect to what is presented to the mind; unconcernedness; as, entire indifference to all that occurs.

Indifference can not but be criminal, when it is conversant about objects which are so far from being of an indifferent nature, that they are highest importance.
Addison.

Syn. -- Carelessness; negligence; unconcern; apathy; insensibility; coldness; lukewarmness.

In*dif"fer*en*cy (?), n. Absence of interest in, or influence from, anything; unconcernedness; equilibrium; indifferentism; indifference. Gladstone.

To give ourselves to a detestable indifferency or neutrality in this cause.
Fuller.

Moral liberty . . . does not, after all, consist in a power of indifferency, or in a power of choosing without regard to motives.
Hazlitt.

In*dif"fer*ent (?), a. [F. indifférent, L. indifferens. See In- not, and Different.]

1. Not making a difference; having no influence or preponderating weight; involving no preference, concern, or attention; of no account; without significance or importance.

Dangers are to me indifferent.
Shak.

Everything in the world is indifferent but sin.
Jer. Taylor.

His slightest and most indifferent acts . . . were odious in the clergyman's sight.
Hawthorne.

2. Neither particularly good, not very bad; of a middle state or quality; passable; mediocre.

The staterooms are in indifferent order.
Sir W. Scott.

3. Not inclined to one side, party, or choice more than to another; neutral; impartial.

Indifferent in his choice to sleep or die.
Addison.

4. Feeling no interest, anxiety, or care, respecting anything; unconcerned; inattentive; apathetic; heedless; as, to be indifferent to the welfare of one's family.

It was a law of Solon, that any person who, in the civil commotions of the republic, remained neuter, or an indifferent spectator of the contending parties, should be condemned to perpetual banishment.
Addison.

5. (Law) Free from bias or prejudice; impartial; unbiased; disinterested.

In choice of committees for ripening business for the counsel, it is better to choose indifferent persons than to make an indifferency by putting in those that are strong on both sides.
Bacon.

Indifferent tissue (Anat.), the primitive, embryonic, undifferentiated tissue, before conversion into connective, muscular, nervous, or other definite tissue.

In*dif"fer*ent, adv. To a moderate degree; passably; tolerably. [Obs.] "News indifferent good." Shak.

In*dif"fer*ent*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. indifférentisme.]

1. State of indifference; want of interest or earnestness; especially, a systematic apathy regarding what is true or false in religion or philosophy; agnosticism.

The indifferentism which equalizes all religions and gives equal rights to truth and error.
Cardinal Manning.

2. (Metaph.) Same as Identism.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A heresy consisting in an unconcern for any particular creed, provided the morals be right and good. Gregory XVI.

In*dif"fer*ent*ist, n. One governed by indifferentism.

In*dif"fer*ent*ly, adv. In an indifferent manner; without distinction or preference; impartially; without concern, wish, affection, or aversion; tolerably; passably.

That they may truly and indifferently minister justice, to the punishment of wickedness and vice, and to the maintenance of thy true religion, and virtue.
Book of Com. Prayer [Eng. Ed. ]

Set honor in one eye and death i' the other,
And I will look on both indifferently.
Shak.

I hope it may indifferently entertain your lordship at an unbending hour.
Rowe.

In`di*ful"vin (?), n. [Indican + L. fulvus reddish yellow.] (Chem.) A reddish resinous substance, obtained from indican.

In`di*fus"cin (?), n. [Indican + L. fuscus dusky.] (Chem.) A brown amorphous powder, obtained from indican.

In"di*geen (?), n. Same as Indigene. Darwin.

In"di*gence (?), n. [L. indigentia: cf. F. indigence. See Indigent.] The condition of being indigent; want of estate, or means of comfortable subsistence; penury; poverty; as, helpless indigence. Cowper.

Syn. -- Poverty; penury; destitution; want; need; privation; lack. See Poverty.

In"di*gen*cy (?), n. Indigence.

New indigencies founded upon new desires.
South.

In"di*gene (?), n. [L. indigena: cf. F. indigène. See Indigenous.] One born in a country; an aboriginal animal or plant; an autochthon. Evelyn. Tylor.

In*dig"e*nous (?), a. [L. indigenus, indigena, fr. OL. indu (fr. in in) + the root of L. gignere to beget, bear. See In, and Gender.]

1. Native; produced, growing, or living, naturally in a country or climate; not exotic; not imported.

Negroes were all transported from Africa and are not indigenous or proper natives of America.
Sir T. Browne.

In America, cotton, being indigenous, is cheap.
Lion Playas.

2. Native; inherent; innate.

Joy and hope are emotions indigenous to the human mind.
I. Taylor.

In"di*gent (?), a. [L. indigent, L. indigens, p. p. of indigere to stand in need of, fr. OL. indu (fr. in- in) + L. egere to be needy, to need.]

1. Wanting; void; free; destitute; -- used with of. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Destitute of property or means of comfortable subsistence; needy; poor; in want; necessitous.

Indigent faint souls past corporal toil.
Shak.

Charity consists in relieving the indigent.
Addison.

In"di*gent*ly, adv. In an indigent manner.

In`di*gest" (?), a. [L. indigestus unarranged. See Indigested.] Crude; unformed; unorganized; undigested. [Obs.] "A chaos rude and indigest." W. Browne. "Monsters and things indigest." Shak.

In`di*gest", n. Something indigested. [Obs.] Shak.

In`di*gest"ed, a. [Pref. in- not + digested.]

1. Not digested; undigested. "Indigested food." Dryden.

2. Not resolved; not regularly disposed and arranged; not methodical; crude; as, an indigested array of facts.

In hot reformations . . . the whole is generally crude, harsh, and indigested.
Burke.

This, like an indigested meteor, appeared and disappeared almost at the same time.
South.

3. (Med.) (a) Not in a state suitable for healing; -- said of wounds. (b) Not ripened or suppurated; -- said of an abscess or its contents.

4. Not softened by heat, hot water, or steam.

In`di*gest"ed*ness, n. The state or quality of being undigested; crudeness. Bp. Burnet.

In*di*gest`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being indigestible; indigestibleness.

In`di*gest"i*ble (?), a. [L. indigestibilis: cf. F. indigestible. See In- not, and Digest.]

1. Not digestible; not readily soluble in the digestive juices; not easily convertible into products fitted for absorption.

2. Not digestible in the mind; distressful; intolerable; as, an indigestible simile. T. Warton.

-- In`di*gest"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`di*gest"i*bly, adv.

In`di*ges"tion (?; 106), n. [L. indigestio: cf. F. indigestion. See In- not, and Digest.] Lack of proper digestive action; a failure of the normal changes which food should undergo in the alimentary canal; dyspepsia; incomplete or difficult digestion.

In*dig"i*tate (?), v. i. [Pref. in- in + L. digitus finger.] To communicate ideas by the fingers; to show or compute by the fingers. [Obs.]

In*dig"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indigitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indigitating (?).] To point out with the finger; to indicate. [Obs.]

The depressing this finger, . . . in the right hand indigitates six hundred.
Sir T. Browne.

In*dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of pointing out as with the finger; indication. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

In`di*glu"cin (?), n. [Indican + glucin.] (Chem.) The variety of sugar (glucose) obtained from the glucoside indican. It is unfermentable, but reduces Fehling's solution.

In*dign" (?), a. [L. indignus; pref. in- not + dignus worthy: cf. F. indigne. See Dignity.] Unworthy; undeserving; disgraceful; degrading. Chaucer.

Counts it scorn to draw
Comfort indign from any meaner thing.
Trench.

{ In*dig"nance (?), In*dig"nan*cy (?), } n. Indignation. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*dig"nant (?), a. [L. indignans, -antis, p. pr. of indignari to be indignant, disdain. See Indign.] Affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath, as when a person is exasperated by unworthy or unjust treatment, by a mean action, or by a degrading accusation.

He strides indignant, and with haughty cries
To single fight the fairy prince defies.
Tickell.

In*dig"nant*ly, adv. In an indignant manner.

In`dig*na"tion (?), n. [F. indignation, L. indignatio. See Indign.]

1. The feeling excited by that which is unworthy, base, or disgraceful; anger mingled with contempt, disgust, or abhorrence. Shak.

Indignation expresses a strong and elevated disapprobation of mind, which is also inspired by something flagitious in the conduct of another.
Cogan.

When Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai.
Esther v. 9.

2. The effect of anger; punishment. Shak.

Hide thyself . . . until the indignation be overpast.
Is. xxvi. 20.

Syn. -- Anger; ire wrath; fury; rage. See Anger.

In*dig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [L. indignus unworthy + -fy.] To treat disdainfully or with indignity; to contemn. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*dig"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Indignities (#). [L. indignitas: cf. F. indignité. See Indign.] Any action toward another which manifests contempt for him; an offense against personal dignity; unmerited contemptuous treatment; contumely; incivility or injury, accompanied with insult.

How might a prince of my great hopes forget
So great indignities you laid upon me?
Shak.

A person of so great place and worth constrained to endure so foul indignities.
Hooker.

In*dign"ly (?), adv. Unworthily. [Obs.]

In"di*go (?), n.; pl. Indigoes (#). [F. indigo, Sp. indigo, indico, L. indicum indigo, fr. Indicus Indian. See Indian.]

1. A kind of deep blue, one of the seven prismatic colors.

2. (Chem.) A blue dyestuff obtained from several plants belonging to very different genera and orders; as, the woad, Isatis tinctoria, Indigofera tinctoria, I. Anil, Nereum tinctorium, etc. It is a dark blue earthy substance, tasteless and odorless, with a copper-violet luster when rubbed. Indigo does not exist in the plants as such, but is obtained by decomposition of the glycoside indican.

&fist; Commercial indigo contains the essential coloring principle indigo blue or indigotine, with several other dyes; as, indigo red, indigo brown, etc., and various impurities. Indigo is insoluble in ordinary reagents, with the exception of strong sulphuric acid.

Chinese indigo (Bot.), Isatis indigotica, a kind of woad. -- Wild indigo (Bot.), the American herb Baptisia tinctoria which yields a poor quality of indigo, as do several other species of the same genus.

In"di*go (?), a. Having the color of, pertaining to, or derived from, indigo.

Indigo berry (Bot.), the fruit of the West Indian shrub Randia aculeata, used as a blue dye. -- Indigo bird (Zoöl.), a small North American finch (Cyanospiza cyanea). The male is indigo blue in color. Called also indigo bunting. -- Indigo blue. (a) The essential coloring material of commercial indigo, from which it is obtained as a dark blue earthy powder, with a reddish luster, C16H10N2O2, which may be crystallized by sublimation. Indigo blue is also made from artificial amido cinnamic acid, and from artificial isatine; and these methods are of great commercial importance. Called also indigotin. (b) A dark, dull blue color like the indigo of commerce. -- Indigo brown (Chem.), a brown resinous substance found in crude indigo. -- Indigo copper (Min.), covellite. -- Indigo green, a green obtained from indigo. -- Indigo plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant of several species (genus Indigofera), from which indigo is prepared. The different varieties are natives of Asia, Africa, and America. Several species are cultivated, of which the most important are the I. tinctoria, or common indigo plant, the I. Anil, a larger species, and the I. disperma. -- Indigo purple, a purple obtained from indigo. -- Indigo red, a dyestuff, isomeric with indigo blue, obtained from crude indigo as a dark brown amorphous powder. -- Indigo snake (Zoöl.), the gopher snake. -- Indigo white, a white crystalline powder obtained by reduction from indigo blue, and by oxidation easily changed back to it; -- called also indigogen. -- Indigo yellow, a substance obtained from indigo.

||In`di*gof"e*ra (?), n. [NL., from E. indigo + L. ferre to bear.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants having many species, mostly in tropical countries, several of them yielding indigo, esp. Indigofera tinctoria, and I. Anil.

In"di*go*gen (?), n. [Indigo + -gen.]

1. (Chem.) See Indigo white, under Indigo.

2. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Indican, 2.

In`di*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Indigo + -meter.] An instrument for ascertaining the strength of an indigo solution, as in volumetric analysis. Ure.

In`di*gom"e*try (?), n. The art or method of determining the coloring power of indigo.

In`di*got"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. indigotique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, indigo; as, indigotic acid, which is also called anilic or nitrosalicylic acid.

In"di*go*tin (?), n. (Chem.) See Indigo blue, under Indigo.

In`dig*ru"bin (?), n. [Indigo + L. ruber red.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Urrhodin.

In`di*hu"min (?), n. [Indican + humin.] (Chem.) A brown amorphous substance resembling humin, and obtained from indican.

In*dil"a*to*ry (?), a. Not dilatory. [Obs.]

In*dil"i*gence (?), n. [L. indiligentia: cf. F. indiligence.] Want of diligence. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

In*dil"i*gent (?), a. [L. indiligens: cf. F. indiligent. See Diligent.] Not diligent; idle; slothful. [Obs.] Feltham. -- In*dil"i*gent*ly, adv. [Obs.]

In`di*min"ish*a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being diminished. [R.] Milton.

In"din (?), n. [From Indigo.] (Chem.) A dark red crystalline substance, isomeric with and resembling indigo blue, and obtained from isatide and dioxindol.

In`di*rect" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + direct: cf. F. indirect.]

1. Not direct; not straight or rectilinear; deviating from a direct line or course; circuitous; as, an indirect road.

2. Not tending to an aim, purpose, or result by the plainest course, or by obvious means, but obliquely or consequentially; by remote means; as, an indirect accusation, attack, answer, or proposal.

By what bypaths and indirect, crooked ways
I met this crown.
Shak.

3. Not straightforward or upright; unfair; dishonest; tending to mislead or deceive.

Indirect dealing will be discovered one time or other.
Tillotson.

4. Not resulting directly from an act or cause, but more or less remotely connected with or growing out of it; as, indirect results, damages, or claims.

5. (Logic & Math.) Not reaching the end aimed at by the most plain and direct method; as, an indirect proof, demonstration, etc.

Indirect claims, claims for remote or consequential damage. Such claims were presented to and thrown out by the commissioners who arbitrated the damage inflicted on the United States by the Confederate States cruisers built and supplied by Great Britain. -- Indirect demonstration, a mode of demonstration in which proof is given by showing that any other supposition involves an absurdity (reductio ad absurdum), or an impossibility; thus, one quantity may be proved equal to another by showing that it can be neither greater nor less. -- Indirect discourse. (Gram.) See Direct discourse, under Direct. -- Indirect evidence, evidence or testimony which is circumstantial or inferential, but without witness; -- opposed to direct evidence. -- Indirect tax, a tax, such as customs, excises, etc., exacted directly from the merchant, but paid indirectly by the consumer in the higher price demanded for the articles of merchandise.

In`di*rect"ed, a. Not directed; aimless. [Obs.]

In`di*rec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indirection.] Oblique course or means; dishonest practices; indirectness. "By indirections find directions out." Shak.

In`di*rect"ly (?), adv. In an direct manner; not in a straight line or course; not in express terms; obliquely; not by direct means; hence, unfairly; wrongly.

To tax it indirectly by taxing their expense.
A. Smith.

Your crown and kingdom indirectly held.
Shak.

In`di*rect"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being indirect; obliquity; deviousness; crookedness.

2. Deviation from an upright or straightforward course; unfairness; dishonesty. W. Montagu.

In`di*re"tin (?), n. [Indian + Gr. &?; resin.] (Chem.) A dark brown resinous substance obtained from indican.

In`di*ru"bin (?), n. [Indigo + L. ruber red.] (Chem.) A substance isomeric with, and resembling, indigo blue, and accompanying it as a side product, in its artificial production.

In`dis*cern"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + discernible: cf. F. indiscernable.] Not to be discerned; imperceptible; not discoverable or visible.

Secret and indiscernible ways.
Jer. Taylor.

-- In`dis*cern"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`dis*cern"i*bly, adv.

{ In`dis*cerp`i*bil"i*ty (?), In`dis*cerp`ti*bil"i*ty (?) }, n. The state or quality of being indiscerpible. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

{ In`dis*cerp"i*ble (?), In`dis*cerp"ti*ble (?) }, a. Not discerpible; inseparable. [Obs.] Bp. Butler. -- In`dis*cerp"i*ble*ness, n., In`dis*cerp"ti*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] -- In`dis*cerp"ti*bly, adv. [Obs.]

In*dis"ci*plin*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + disciplinable: cf. F. indisciplinable.] Not disciplinable; undisciplinable. [R.]

In*dis"ci*pline (?), n. [L. indisplina: cf. F. indiscipline. See In- not, and Discipline.] Want of discipline or instruction. [R.]

In`dis*cov"er*a*ble (?), a. Not discoverable; undiscoverable. J. Conybeare.

In`dis*cov"er*y (?), n. Want of discovery. [Obs.]

In`dis*creet" (?), a. [OE. indiscret, F. indiscret, fr. L. indiscretus unseparated, indiscreet. See In- not, and Discreet, and cf. Indiscrete.] Not discreet; wanting in discretion.

So drunken, and so indiscreet an officer.
Shak.

Syn. -- Imprudent; injudicious; inconsiderate; rash; hasty; incautious; heedless; undiscerning; foolish.

-- In`dis*creet"ly, adv. -- In`dis*creet"ness, n.

In`dis*crete" (?), a. [L. indiscretus unseparated. See Indiscreet.]

1. Indiscreet. [Obs.] Boyle.

2. Not discrete or separated; compact; homogenous.

An indiscrete mass of confused matter.
Pownall.

In`dis*cre"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + discretion: cf. F. indiscrétion.]

1. The quality or state of being indiscreet; want of discretion; imprudence.

2. An indiscreet act; indiscreet behavior.

Past indiscretion is a venial crime.
Cowper.

In`dis*crim"i*nate (?), a. Not discriminate; wanting discrimination; undistinguishing; not making any distinction; confused; promiscuous. "Blind or indiscriminate forgiveness." I. Taylor.

The indiscriminate defense of right and wrong.
Junius.

-- In`dis*crim"i*nate*ly, adv. Cowper.

In`dis*crim"i*na`ting (?), a. Not discriminating. -- In`dis*crim"i*na`ting*ly, adv.

In`dis*crim`i*na"tion (?), n. Want of discrimination or distinction; impartiality. Jefferson.

In`dis*crim"i*na*tive (?), a. Making no distinction; not discriminating.

In`dis*cussed" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + discuss: cf. L. indiscussus.] Not discussed. [Obs.] Donne.

In`dis*pen`sa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indispensabilité.] Indispensableness.

In`dis*pen"sa*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dispensable: cf. F. indispensable.]

1. Not dispensable; impossible to be omitted, remitted, or spared; absolutely necessary or requisite.

2. (Eccl.) Not admitting dispensation; not subject to release or exemption. [R.]

The law was moral and indispensable.
Bp. Burnet.

3. Unavoidable; inevitable. [Obs.] Fuller.

In`dis*pen"sa*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being indispensable, or absolutely necessary. S. Clarke.

In`dis*pen"sa*bly, adv. In an indispensable manner. "Indispensably necessary." Bp. Warburton.

In`dis*persed" (?), a. Not dispersed. [R.]

In`dis*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indisposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indisposing.] [OE. indispos indisposed, feeble, or F. indisposé indisposed. See In- not, and Dispose.]

1. To render unfit or unsuited; to disqualify.

2. To disorder slightly as regards health; to make somewhat. Shak.

It made him rather indisposed than sick.
Walton.

3. To disincline; to render averse or unfavorable; as, a love of pleasure indisposes the mind to severe study; the pride and selfishness of men indispose them to religious duties.

The king was sufficiently indisposed towards the persons, or the principles, of Calvin's disciples.
Clarendon.

In`dis*pos"ed*ness (?), n. The condition or quality of being indisposed. [R.] Bp. Hall.

In*dis`po*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indisposition.]

1. The state of being indisposed; disinclination; as, the indisposition of two substances to combine.

A general indisposition towards believing.
Atterbury.

2. A slight disorder or illness.

Rather as an indisposition in health than as any set sickness.
Hayward.

In*dis`pu*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indisputabilité.] Indisputableness.

In*dis"pu*ta*ble (?; 277), a. [Pref. in- not + disputable: cf. F. indisputable.] Not disputable; incontrovertible; too evident to admit of dispute.

Syn. -- Incontestable; unquestionable; incontrovertible; undeniable; irrefragable; certain; positive; undoubted; sure; infallible.

-- In*dis"pu*ta*ble*ness, n. -- In*dis"pu*ta*bly, adv.

In`dis*put"ed (?), a. Undisputed.

In*dis"si*pa*ble (?), a. Incapable o&?; being dissipated.

In*dis`so*lu*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indissolubilité.] The quality or state of being indissoluble.

In*dis"so*lu*ble (?), a. [L. indissolubilis: cf. F. indissoluble. See In- not, and Dissoluble, and cf. Indissolvable.]

1. Not dissoluble; not capable of being dissolved, melted, or liquefied; insoluble; as, few substances are indissoluble by heat, but many are indissoluble in water. Boyle.

2. Incapable of being rightfully broken or dissolved; perpetually binding or obligatory; firm; stable, as, an indissoluble league or covenant.

To the which my duties
Are with a most indissoluble tie
Forever knit.
Shak.

In*dis"so*lu*ble*ness, n. Indissolubility. Sir M. Hale.

In*dis"so*lu*bly, adv. In an indissoluble manner.

On they move, indissolubly firm.
Milton.

In`dis*solv"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dissolvable. Cf. Indissoluble.] Not dissolvable; incapable of being dissolved or separated; incapable of separation; perpetually firm and binding; indissoluble; as, an indissolvable bond of union. Bp. Warburton.

In`dis*solv"a*ble*ness, n. Indissolubleness.

In*dis"tan*cy (?), n. Want of distance or separation; nearness. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

In`dis*tinct" (&ibreve;n`d&ibreve;s*t&ibreve;&nsm;kt"), a. [L. indistinctus: cf. F. indistinct. See In- not, and Distinct.]

1. Not distinct or distinguishable; not separate in such a manner as to be perceptible by itself; as, the indistinct parts of a substance. "Indistinct as water is in water." Shak.

2. Obscure to the mind or senses; not clear; not definite; confused; imperfect; faint; as, indistinct vision; an indistinct sound; an indistinct idea or recollection.

When we come to parts too small four our senses, our ideas of these little bodies become obscure and indistinct.
I. Watts.

Their views, indeed, are indistinct and dim.
Cowper.

Syn. -- Undefined; indistinguishable; obscure; indefinite; vague; ambiguous; uncertain; confused.

In`dis*tinc"ti*ble (?), a. Indistinguishable. [Obs.] T. Warton.

In`dis*tinc"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indistinction.] Want of distinction or distinguishableness; confusion; uncertainty; indiscrimination.

The indistinction of many of the same name . . . hath made some doubt.
Sir T. Browne.

An indistinction of all persons, or equality of all orders, is far from being agreeable to the will of God.
Sprat.

In`dis*tinc"tive (?), a. Having nothing distinctive; common. -- In`dis*tinc"tive*ness, n.

In`dis*tinct"ly (?), adv. In an indistinct manner; not clearly; confusedly; dimly; as, certain ideas are indistinctly comprehended.

In its sides it was bounded distinctly, but on its ends confusedly and indistinctly.
Sir I. Newton.

In`dis*tinct"ness, n. The quality or condition of being indistinct; want of definiteness; dimness; confusion; as, the indistinctness of a picture, or of comprehension; indistinctness of vision.

In`dis*tin"guish*a*ble (?), a. Not distinguishable; not capable of being perceived, known, or discriminated as separate and distinct; hence, not capable of being perceived or known; as, in the distance the flagship was indisguishable; the two copies were indisguishable in form or color; the difference between them was indisguishable.

In`dis*tin"guish*a*bly, adv. In a indistinguishable manner. Sir W. Scott.

In`dis*tin"guished (?), a. Indistinct. [R.] "That indistinguished mass." Sir T. Browne.

In`dis*tin"guish*ing (?), a. Making no difference; indiscriminative; impartial; as, indistinguishing liberalities. [Obs.] Johnson.

In`dis*turb"ance (?), n. Freedom from disturbance; calmness; repose; apathy; indifference.

In*ditch" (?), v. t. To bury in, or cast into, a ditch. Bp. Hall.

In*dite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inditing.] [OE. enditen to indite, indict, OF. enditer to indicate, show, dictate, write, inform, and endicter to accuse; both fr. LL. indictare to show, to accuse, fr. L. indicere to proclaim, announce; pref. in- in + dicere to say. The word was influenced also by L. indicare to indicate, and by dictare to dictate. See Diction, and cf. Indict, Indicate, Dictate.]

1. To compose; to write; to be author of; to dictate; to prompt.

My heart is inditing a good matter.
Ps. xlv. 1.

Could a common grief have indited such expressions?
South.

Hear how learned Greece her useful rules indites.
Pope.

2. To invite or ask. [Obs.]

She will indite him to some supper.
Shak.

3. To indict; to accuse; to censure. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*dite", v. i. To compose; to write, as a poem.

Wounded I sing, tormented I indite.
Herbert.

In*dite"ment (?), n. [Cf. Indictment.] The act of inditing. Craig.

In*dit"er (?), n. One who indites. Smart.

In"di*um (?), n. [NL. See Indigo.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, discovered in certain ores of zinc, by means of its characteristic spectrum of two indigo blue lines; hence, its name. In appearance it resembles zinc, being white or lead gray, soft, malleable and easily fusible, but in its chemical relation it resembles aluminium or gallium. Symbol In. Atomic weight, 113.4.

In`di*vert"i*ble (&ibreve;n`d&ibreve;*v&etilde;rt"&ibreve;*b'l), a. Not to be diverted or turned aside. [R.] Lamb.

In`di*vid"a*ble (?), a. Indivisible. [R.] Shak.

In`di*vid"ed, a. Undivided. [R.] Bp. Patrick.

In`di*vid"u*al (?; 135), a. [L. individuus indivisible; pref. in- not + dividuus divisible, fr. dividere to divide: cf. F. individuel. See Divide.]

1. Not divided, or not to be divided; existing as one entity, or distinct being or object; single; one; as, an individual man, animal, or city.

Mind has a being of its own, distinct from that of all other things, and is pure, unmingled, individual substance.
A. Tucker.

United as one individual soul.
Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to one only; peculiar to, or characteristic of, a single person or thing; distinctive; as, individual traits of character; individual exertions; individual peculiarities.

In`di*vid"u*al, n. 1. A single person, animal, or thing of any kind; a thing or being incapable of separation or division, without losing its identity; especially, a human being; a person. Cowper.

An object which is in the strict and primary sense one, and can not be logically divided, is called an individual.
Whately.

That individuals die, his will ordains.
Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) An independent, or partially independent, zooid of a compound animal. (b) The product of a single egg, whether it remains a single animal or becomes compound by budding or fission.

In`di*vid"u*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. individualisme.]

1. The quality of being individual; individuality; personality.

2. An excessive or exclusive regard to one's personal interest; self-interest; selfishness.

The selfishness of the small proprietor has been described by the best writers as individualism.
Ed. Rev.

In`di*vid`u*al*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the individual or individualism. London Athenæum.

In`di*vid`u*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Individualities (#). [Cf. F. individualité.]

1. The quality or state of being individual or constituting an individual; separate or distinct existence; oneness; unity. Arbuthnot.

They possess separate individualities.
H. Spencer.

2. The character or property appropriate or peculiar to an individual; that quality which distinguishes one person or thing from another; the sum of characteristic traits; distinctive character; as, he is a person of marked individuality.

In`di*vid`u*al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. individualization.] The act of individualizing; the state of being individualized; individuation.

In`di*vid"u*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Individualized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Individualizing (?).] [Cf. F. individualiser.] To mark as an individual, or to distinguish from others by peculiar properties; to invest with individuality.

The peculiarities which individualize and distinguish the humor of Addison.
N. Drake.

In`di*vid"u*al*i`zer (?), n. One who individualizes.

In`di*vid"u*al*ly, adv. 1. In an individual manner or relation; as individuals; separately; each by itself. "Individually or collectively." Burke.

How should that subsist solitarily by itself which hath no substance, but individually the very same whereby others subsist with it?
Hooker.

2. In an inseparable manner; inseparably; incommunicably; indivisibly; as, individually the same.

[Omniscience], an attribute individually proper to the Godhead.
Hakewill.

In`di*vid"u*ate (?), a. [See Individual.] Undivided. [Obs.]

In`di*vid"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Individuated (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Individuating.] To distinguish from others of the species; to endow with individuality; to divide into individuals; to discriminate.

The soul, as the prime individuating principle, and the said reserved portion of matter as an essential and radical part of the individuation, shall . . . make up and restore the same individual person.
South.

Life is individuated into infinite numbers, that have their distinct sense and pleasure.
Dr. H. More.

In`di*vid`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. individuation.] The act of individuating or state of being individuated; individualization. H. Spencer.

In`di*vid"u*a`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, individuates. Sir K. Digby.

In`di*vi*du"i*ty (?), n. [L. individuitas.] Separate existence; individuality; oneness. Fuller.

In`di*vin"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + divinity: cf. F. indivinité.] Want or absence of divine power or of divinity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In`di*vis`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indivisibilité.] The state or property of being indivisible or inseparable; inseparability. Locke.

In`di*vis"i*ble (?), a. [L. indivisibilis: cf. F. indivisible. See In- not, and Divisible.]

1. Not divisible; incapable of being divided, separated, or broken; not separable into parts. "One indivisible point of time." Dryden.

2. (Math.) Not capable of exact division, as one quantity by another; incommensurable.

In`di*vis"i*ble, n. 1. That which is indivisible.

By atom, nobody will imagine we intend to express a perfect indivisible, but only the least sort of natural bodies.
Digby.

2. (Geom.) An infinitely small quantity which is assumed to admit of no further division.

Method of indivisibles, a kind of calculus, formerly in use, in which lines were considered as made up of an infinite number of points; surfaces, as made up of an infinite number of lines; and volumes, as made up of an infinite number of surfaces.

In`di*vis"i*ble*ness (?), n. The state of being indivisible; indivisibility. W. Montagu.

In`di*vis"i*bly, adv. In an indivisible manner.

In`di*vi"sion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + division: cf. F. indivision, LL. indivisio.] A state of being not divided; oneness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In"do- (?). [From L. Indus East Indian.] A prefix signifying Indian (i. e., East Indian); of or pertaining of India.

In`do*an"i*line (?), n. [Indigo + aniline.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of artificial blue dyes, in appearance resembling indigo, for which they are often used as substitutes.

In`do-Brit"on (?), n. [Indo- + Briton.] A person born in India, of mixed Indian and British blood; a half-caste. Malcom.

In`do-Chi*nese" (?), a. [Indo- + Chinese.] Of or pertaining to Indo-China (i. e., Farther India, or India beyond the Ganges).

In*doc`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being indocible; indocibleness; indocility.

In*doc"i*ble (?), a. [L. indocibilis. See In- not, and Docible.] Incapable of being taught, or not easily instructed; dull in intellect; intractable; unteachable; indocile. Bp. Hall. -- In*doc"i*ble*ness, n.

In*doc"ile (?), a. [L. indocilis: cf. F. indocile. See In- not, and Docile.] Not teachable; indisposed to be taught, trained, or disciplined; not easily instructed or governed; dull; intractable.

In`do*cil"i*ty (?), n. [L. indocilitas: cf. F. indocilité.] The quality or state of being indocile; dullness of intellect; unteachableness; intractableness.

The stiffness and indocility of the Pharisees.
W. Montagu.

In*doc"tri*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indoctrinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indoctrinating.] [Pref. in- in + L. doctrina doctrine: cf. F. endoctriner.] To instruct in the rudiments or principles of learning, or of a branch of learning; to imbue with learning; to instruct in, or imbue with, principles or doctrines; to teach; -- often followed by in.

A master that . . . took much delight in indoctrinating his young, unexperienced favorite.
Clarendon.

In*doc`tri*na"tion (?), n. The act of indoctrinating, or the condition of being indoctrinated; instruction in the rudiments and principles of any science or system of belief; information. Sir T. Browne.

In`do-Eng"lish (?), a. [Indo- + English.] Of or relating to the English who are born or reside in India; Anglo-Indian.

In`do-Eu`ro*pe"an (?), a. Aryan; - - applied to the languages of India and Europe which are derived from the prehistoric Aryan language; also, pertaining to the people or nations who speak these languages; as, the Indo-European or Aryan family.

The common origin of the Indo-European nations.
Tylor.

In"do*gen (?), n. [Indigo + - gen.] (Chem.) A complex, nitrogenous radical, C8H5NO, regarded as the essential nucleus of indigo.

In"do*gen*ide (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of the derivatives of indogen, which contain that group as a nucleus.

In`do-Ger*man"ic (?), a. [Indo- + Germanic.]

1. Same as Aryan, and Indo- European.

2. Pertaining to or denoting the Teutonic family of languages as related to the Sanskrit, or derived from the ancient Aryan language.

In"do*in (?), n. (Chem.) A substance resembling indigo blue, obtained artificially from certain isatogen compounds.

In"dol (&ibreve;n"dōl), n. [Indigo + -ol of phenol.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white, crystalline substance, C8H7N, obtained from blue indigo, and almost all indigo derivatives, by a process of reduction. It is also formed from albuminous matter, together with skatol, by putrefaction, and by fusion with caustic potash, and is present in human excrement, as well as in the intestinal canal of some herbivora.

In"do*lence (?), n. [L. indolentia freedom from pain: cf. F. indolence.]

1. Freedom from that which pains, or harasses, as toil, care, grief, etc. [Obs.]

I have ease, if it may not rather be called indolence.
Bp. Hough.

2. The quality or condition of being indolent; inaction, or want of exertion of body or mind, proceeding from love of ease or aversion to toil; habitual idleness; indisposition to labor; laziness; sloth; inactivity.

Life spent in indolence, and therefore sad.
Cowper.

As there is a great truth wrapped up in "diligence," what a lie, on the other hand, lurks at the root of our present use of the word "indolence"! This is from "in" and "doleo," not to grieve; and indolence is thus a state in which we have no grief or pain; so that the word, as we now employ it, seems to affirm that indulgence in sloth and ease is that which would constitute for us the absence of all pain.
Trench.

In"do*len*cy (?), n. Indolence. [Obs.] Holland.

In"do*lent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. dolens, -entis, p. pr. of dolere to feel pain: cf. F. indolent. See Dolorous.]

1. Free from toil, pain, or trouble. [Obs.]

2. Indulging in ease; avoiding labor and exertion; habitually idle; lazy; inactive; as, an indolent man.

To waste long nights in indolent repose.
Pope.

3. (Med.) Causing little or no pain or annoyance; as, an indolent tumor.

Syn. -- Idle; lazy; slothful; sluggish; listless; inactive; inert. See Idle.

In"do*lent*ly, adv. In an indolent manner.

Calm and serene you indolently sit.
Addison.

||In"do*les (?), n. [L. Cf. Adolescence.] Natural disposition; natural quality or abilities.

In"do*lin (?), n. [See Indol.] (Chem.) A dark resinous substance, polymeric with indol, and obtained by the reduction of indigo white.

In*dom"a*ble (?), a. [L. indomabilis; pref. in- not + domabilis tamable.] Indomitable. [Obs.]

In*dom"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. indomitabilis; pref. in- not + domitare, intens. fr. domare to tame. See Tame.] Not to be subdued; untamable; invincible; as, an indomitable will, courage, animal.

In*dom"ite (?), a. [L. indomitus.] Not tamed; untamed; savage; wild. [Obs.] J. Salkeld.

In*domp"ta*ble (?), a. [F. indomptable, L. indomitabilis.] Indomitable. [Obs.] Tooke.

In"door` (?), a. Done or being within doors; within a house or institution; domestic; as, indoor work.

In"doors` (?), adv. Within the house; -- usually separated, in doors.

In`do*phe"nol (?), n. [Indigo + phenol.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of artificial blue dyestuffs, resembling indigo in appearance, and obtained by the action of phenol on certain nitrogenous derivatives of quinone. Simple indophenol proper has not yet been isolated.

In*dors"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being indorsed; transferable; convertible.

In`dor*sa"tion (?), n. Indorsement. [Obs.]

In*dorse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indorsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indorsing.] [LL. indorsare. See Endorse.] [Written also endorse.]

1. To cover the back of; to load or burden. [Obs.]

Elephants indorsed with towers.
Milton.

2. To write upon the back or outside of a paper or letter, as a direction, heading, memorandum, or address.

3. (Law & Com.) To write one's name, alone or with other words, upon the back of (a paper), for the purpose of transferring it, or to secure the payment of a note, draft, or the like; to guarantee the payment, fulfillment, performance, or validity of, or to certify something upon the back of (a check, draft, writ, warrant of arrest, etc.).

4. To give one's name or support to; to sanction; to aid by approval; to approve; as, to indorse an opinion.

To indorse in blank, to write one's name on the back of a note or bill, leaving a blank to be filled by the holder.

In*dorsed" (?), a. (Her.) See Addorsed.

In`dor*see" (?), n. The person to whom a note or bill is indorsed, or assigned by indorsement.

In*dorse"ment (?), n. [From Indorse; cf. Endorsement.] [Written also endorsement.]

1. The act of writing on the back of a note, bill, or other written instrument.

2. That which is written on the back of a note, bill, or other paper, as a name, an order for, or a receipt of, payment, or the return of an officer, etc.; a writing, usually upon the back, but sometimes on the face, of a negotiable instrument, by which the property therein is assigned and transferred. Story. Byles. Burrill.

3. Sanction, support, or approval; as, the indorsement of a rumor, an opinion, a course, conduct.

Blank indorsement. See under Blank.

{ In*dors"er (?), In*dors"or (?), } n. The person who indorses. [Written also endorser.]

In*dow" (?), v. t. See Endow.

In*dow"ment (?), n. See Endowment.

In*dox"yl (?), n. [Indigo + hydroxyl.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, C8H7NO, isomeric with oxindol, obtained as an oily liquid.

In`dox*yl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to, or producing, indoxyl; as, indoxylic acid.

In"draught` (?), n. 1. An opening from the sea into the land; an inlet. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A draught of air or flow of water setting inward.

In"drawn` (?), a. Drawn in.

In*drench" (?), v. t. To overwhelm with water; to drench; to drown. [Obs.] Shak.

{ In"dris (?), In"dri (?), } n. (Zoöl.) Any lemurine animal of the genus Indris.

&fist; Several species are known, all of them natives of Madagascar, as the diadem indris (I. diadema), which has a white ruff around the forehead; the woolly indris (I. laniger); and the short-tailed or black indris (I. brevicaudatus), which is black, varied with gray.

In*du"bi*ous (?), a. [L. indubius. See In- not, and Dubious.]

1. Not dubious or doubtful; certain.

2. Not doubting; unsuspecting. "Indubious confidence." Harvey.

In*du"bi*ta*ble (?), a. [L. indubitabilis: cf. F. indubitable. See In- not, and Dubitable.] Not dubitable or doubtful; too evident to admit of doubt; unquestionable; evident; apparently certain; as, an indubitable conclusion. -- n. That which is indubitable.

Syn. -- Unquestionable; evident; incontrovertible; incontestable; undeniable; irrefragable.

In*du"bi*ta*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being indubitable.

In*du"bi*ta*bly, adv. Undoubtedly; unquestionably; in a manner to remove all doubt.

Oracles indubitably clear and infallibly certain.
Barrow.

In*du"bi*tate (?), a. [L. indubitatus; pref. in- not + dubitatus, p. p. of dubitare to doubt.] Not questioned or doubtful; evident; certain. [Obs.] Bacon.

In*du"bi*tate (?), v. t. [L. indubitatus, p. p. of indubitare; pref. in- in + dubitare to doubt.] To bring into doubt; to cause to be doubted. [Obs.]

To conceal, or indubitate, his exigency.
Sir T. Browne.

In*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Induced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inducing (?).] [L. inducere, inductum; pref. in- in + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Induct.]

1. To lead in; to introduce. [Obs.]

The poet may be seen inducing his personages in the first Iliad.
Pope.

2. To draw on; to overspread. [A Latinism] Cowper.

3. To lead on; to influence; to prevail on; to incite; to move by persuasion or influence. Shak.

He is not obliged by your offer to do it, . . . though he may be induced, persuaded, prevailed upon, tempted.
Paley.

Let not the covetous desire of growing rich induce you to ruin your reputation.
Dryden.

4. To bring on; to effect; to cause; as, a fever induced by fatigue or exposure.

Sour things induces a contraction in the nerves.
Bacon.

5. (Physics) To produce, or cause, by proximity without contact or transmission, as a particular electric or magnetic condition in a body, by the approach of another body in an opposite electric or magnetic state.

6. (Logic) To generalize or conclude as an inference from all the particulars; -- the opposite of deduce.

Syn. -- To move; instigate; urge; impel; incite; press; influence; actuate.

In*duce"ment (?), n. [From Induce.]

1. The act of inducing, or the state of being induced.

2. That which induces; a motive or consideration that leads one to action or induces one to act; as, reward is an inducement to toil. "Mark the inducement." Shak.

3. (Law) Matter stated by way of explanatory preamble or introduction to the main allegations of a pleading; a leading to.

Syn. -- Motive; reason; influence. See Motive.

In*du"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, induces or incites.

In*du"ci*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being induced, caused, or made to take place.

2. Obtainable by induction; derivable; inferable.

In*duct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inducted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inducting.] [L. inductus, p. p. of inducere. See Induce.]

1. To bring in; to introduce; to usher in.

The independent orator inducting himself without further ceremony into the pulpit.
Sir W. Scott.

2. To introduce, as to a benefice or office; to put in actual possession of the temporal rights of an ecclesiastical living, or of any other office, with the customary forms and ceremonies.

The prior, when inducted into that dignity, took an oath not to alienate any of their lands.
Bp. Burnet.

In*duc"te*ous (?), a. (Elec.) Rendered electro-polar by induction, or brought into the opposite electrical state by the influence of inductive bodies.

In*duc"tile (?), a. [Pref. in- not + ductile: cf. F. inductile.] Not ductile; incapable of being drawn into threads, as a metal; inelastic; tough.

In`duc*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inductile.

In*duc"tion (?), n. [L. inductio: cf. F. induction. See Induct.]

1. The act or process of inducting or bringing in; introduction; entrance; beginning; commencement.

I know not you; nor am I well pleased to make this time, as the affair now stands, the induction of your acquaintance.
Beau. & Fl.

These promises are fair, the parties sure,
And our induction dull of prosperous hope.
Shak.

2. An introduction or introductory scene, as to a play; a preface; a prologue. [Obs.]

This is but an induction: I will draw
The curtains of the tragedy hereafter.
Massinger.

3. (Philos.) The act or process of reasoning from a part to a whole, from particulars to generals, or from the individual to the universal; also, the result or inference so reached.

Induction is an inference drawn from all the particulars.
Sir W. Hamilton.

Induction is the process by which we conclude that what is true of certain individuals of a class, is true of the whole class, or that what is true at certain times will be true in similar circumstances at all times.
J. S. Mill.

4. The introduction of a clergyman into a benefice, or of an official into a office, with appropriate acts or ceremonies; the giving actual possession of an ecclesiastical living or its temporalities.

5. (Math.) A process of demonstration in which a general truth is gathered from an examination of particular cases, one of which is known to be true, the examination being so conducted that each case is made to depend on the preceding one; -- called also successive induction.

6. (Physics) The property by which one body, having electrical or magnetic polarity, causes or induces it in another body without direct contact; an impress of electrical or magnetic force or condition from one body on another without actual contact.

Electro-dynamic induction, the action by which a variable or interrupted current of electricity excites another current in a neighboring conductor forming a closed circuit. -- Electro-magnetic induction, the influence by which an electric current produces magnetic polarity in certain bodies near or around which it passes. -- Electro-static induction, the action by which a body possessing a charge of statical electricity develops a charge of statical electricity of the opposite character in a neighboring body. -- Induction coil, an apparatus producing induced currents of great intensity. It consists of a coil or helix of stout insulated copper wire, surrounded by another coil of very fine insulated wire, in which a momentary current is induced, when a current (as from a voltaic battery), passing through the inner coil, is made, broken, or varied. The inner coil has within it a core of soft iron, and is connected at its terminals with a condenser; -- called also inductorium, and Ruhmkorff's coil. -- Induction pipe, port, or valve, a pipe, passageway, or valve, for leading or admitting a fluid to a receiver, as steam to an engine cylinder, or water to a pump. -- Magnetic induction, the action by which magnetic polarity is developed in a body susceptible to magnetic effects when brought under the influence of a magnet. -- Magneto-electric induction, the influence by which a magnet excites electric currents in closed circuits.

Logical induction, (Philos.), an act or method of reasoning from all the parts separately to the whole which they constitute, or into which they may be united collectively; the operation of discovering and proving general propositions; the scientific method. -- Philosophical induction, the inference, or the act of inferring, that what has been observed or established in respect to a part, individual, or species, may, on the ground of analogy, be affirmed or received of the whole to which it belongs. This last is the inductive method of Bacon. It ascends from the parts to the whole, and forms, from the general analogy of nature, or special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience and experiment. It relates to actual existences, as in physical science or the concerns of life. Logical induction is founded on the necessary laws of thought; philosophical induction, on the interpretation of the indications or analogy of nature.

Syn. -- Deduction. -- Induction, Deduction. In induction we observe a sufficient number of individual facts, and, on the ground of analogy, extend what is true of them to others of the same class, thus arriving at general principles or laws. This is the kind of reasoning in physical science. In deduction we begin with a general truth, which is already proven or provisionally assumed, and seek to connect it with some particular case by means of a middle term, or class of objects, known to be equally connected with both. Thus, we bring down the general into the particular, affirming of the latter the distinctive qualities of the former. This is the syllogistic method. By induction Franklin established the identity of lightning and electricity; by deduction he inferred that dwellings might be protected by lightning rods.

In*duc"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or proceeding by, induction; inductive.

In*duct"ive (?), a. [LL. inductivus: cf. F. inductif. See Induce.]

1. Leading or drawing; persuasive; tempting; -- usually followed by to.

A brutish vice,
Inductive mainly to the sin of Eve.
Milton.

2. Tending to induce or cause. [R.]

They may be . . . inductive of credibility.
Sir M. Hale.

3. Leading to inferences; proceeding by, derived from, or using, induction; as, inductive reasoning.

4. (Physics) (a) Operating by induction; as, an inductive electrical machine. (b) Facilitating induction; susceptible of being acted upon by induction; as, certain substances have a great inductive capacity.

Inductive embarrassment (Physics), the retardation in signaling on an electric wire, produced by lateral induction. -- Inductive philosophy or method. See Philosophical induction, under Induction. -- Inductive sciences, those sciences which admit of, and employ, the inductive method, as astronomy, botany, chemistry, etc.

In*duct"ive*ly, adv. By induction or inference.

In`duc*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Induction + -meter.] (Elec.) An instrument for measuring or ascertaining the degree or rate of electrical induction.

In*duct"or (?), n. [L., one who stirs up or rouses. See Induce.]

1. The person who inducts another into an office or benefice.

2. (Elec.) That portion of an electrical apparatus, in which is the inducing charge or current.

In`duc*to"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E. Inductoriums (#), L. Inductoria (#). [NL., fr. E. induction.] (Elec.) An induction coil.

{ In*duc"tric (?), In*duc"tric*al (?), } a. (Elec.) Acting by, or in a state of, induction; relating to electrical induction.

In*due" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Induing.] [Written also endue.] [L. induere to put on, clothe, fr. OL. indu (fr. in- in) + a root seen also in L. exuere to put off, divest, exuviae the skin of an animal, slough, induviae clothes. Cf. Endue to invest.]

1. To put on, as clothes; to draw on.

The baron had indued a pair of jack boots.
Sir W. Scott.

2. To clothe; to invest; hence, to endow; to furnish; to supply with moral or mental qualities.

Indu'd with robes of various hue she flies.
Dryden.

Indued with intellectual sense and souls.
Shak.

In*due"ment (?), n. [From Indue; cf. Indument, Enduement.] The act of induing, or state of being indued; investment; endowment. W. Montagu.

In*dulge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indulged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indulging (?).] [L. indulgere to be kind or tender to one; cf. OIr. dilgud, equiv. to L. remissio, OIr. dligeth, equiv. to L. lex, Goth. dulgs debt.]

1. To be complacent toward; to give way to; not to oppose or restrain; (a) when said of a habit, desire, etc.: to give free course to; to give one's self up to; as, to indulge sloth, pride, selfishness, or inclinations; (b) when said of a person: to yield to the desire of; to gratify by compliance; to humor; to withhold restraint from; as, to indulge children in their caprices or willfulness; to indulge one's self with a rest or in pleasure.

Hope in another life implies that we indulge ourselves in the gratifications of this very sparingly.
Atterbury.

2. To grant as by favor; to bestow in concession, or in compliance with a wish or request.

Persuading us that something must be indulged to public manners.
Jer. Taylor.

Yet, yet a moment, one dim ray of light
Indulge, dread Chaos, and eternal Night!
Pope.

&fist; It is remarked by Johnson, that if the matter of indulgence is a single thing, it has with before it; if it is a habit, it has in; as, he indulged himself with a glass of wine or a new book; he indulges himself in idleness or intemperance. See Gratify.

In*dulge", v. i. To indulge one's self; to gratify one's tastes or desires; esp., to give one's self up (to); to practice a forbidden or questionable act without restraint; -- followed by in, but formerly, also, by to. "Willing to indulge in easy vices." Johnson.

In*dulge"ment (?), n. Indulgence. [R.] Wood.

In*dul"gence (?), n. [L. indulgentia: cf. F. indulgence.]

1. The act of indulging or humoring; the quality of being indulgent; forbearance of restrain or control.

If I were a judge, that word indulgence should never issue from my lips.
Tooke.

They err, that through indulgence to others, or fondness to any sin in themselves, substitute for repentance anything less.
Hammond.

2. An indulgent act; favor granted; gratification.

If all these gracious indulgences are without any effect on us, we must perish in our own folly.
Rogers.

3. (R. C. Ch.) Remission of the temporal punishment due to sins, after the guilt of sin has been remitted by sincere repentance; absolution from the censures and public penances of the church. It is a payment of the debt of justice to God by the application of the merits of Christ and his saints to the contrite soul through the church. It is therefore believed to diminish or destroy for sins the punishment of purgatory.

In*dul"gence (?), v. t. To grant an indulgence to.

In*dul"gen*cy (?), n. Indulgence. Dryden.

In*dul"gent (?), a. [L. indulgens, -entis, p. pr. of indulgere: cf. F. indulgent. See Indulge.] Prone to indulge; yielding to the wishes, humor, or appetites of those under one's care; compliant; not opposing or restraining; tolerant; mild; favorable; not severe; as, an indulgent parent. Shak.

The indulgent censure of posterity.
Waller.

The feeble old, indulgent of their ease.
Dryden.

In`dul*gen"tial (?), a. Relating to the indulgences of the Roman Catholic Church. Brevint.

In*dul"gent*ly (?), adv. In an indulgent manner; mildly; favorably. Dryden.

In*dul"ger, n. One who indulges. W. Montagu.

In*dul"gi*ate (?), v. t. To indulge. [R.] Sandys.

In"du*line (?), n. [Perh. fr. indigo.] (Chem.) (a) Any one of a large series of aniline dyes, colored blue or violet, and represented by aniline violet. (b) A dark green amorphous dyestuff, produced by the oxidation of aniline in the presence of copper or vanadium salts; -- called also aniline black.

{ In*dult" (?), In*dul"to (?), } n. [L. indultum indulgence, favor, fr. indultus, p. p. of indulgere: cf. It. indulto, F. indult. See Indulge.]

1. A privilege or exemption; an indulgence; a dispensation granted by the pope.

2. (Spain) A duty levied on all importations.

In"du*ment (?), n. [L. indumentum a covering. See Indue, and cf. Induement.] (Zoöl.) Plumage; feathers.

In*du"pli*cate (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Having the edges bent abruptly toward the axis; -- said of the parts of the calyx or corolla in æstivation. (b) Having the edges rolled inward and then arranged about the axis without overlapping; - - said of leaves in vernation.

In*du"pli*ca*tive (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Having induplicate sepals or petals in æstivation. (b) Having induplicate leaves in vernation.

In*dur"ance (?), n. [Obs.] See Endurance.

In"du*rate (?), a. [L. induratus, p. p. of indurare to harden. See Endure.]

1. Hardened; not soft; indurated. Tyndale.

2. Without sensibility; unfeeling; obdurate.

In"du*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indurating (?).]

1. To make hard; as, extreme heat indurates clay; some fossils are indurated by exposure to the air.

2. To make unfeeling; to deprive of sensibility; to render obdurate.

In"du*rate, v. i. To grow hard; to harden, or become hard; as, clay indurates by drying, and by heat.

In"du*ra`ted (?), a. Hardened; as, indurated clay; an indurated heart. Goldsmith.

In`du*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. induration, L. induratio hardness of heart.]

1. The act of hardening, or the process of growing hard.

2. State of being indurated, or of having become hard.

3. Hardness of character, manner, sensibility, etc.; obduracy; stiffness; want of pliancy or feeling.

A certain induration of character had arisen from long habits of business.
Coleridge.

In*du"sial (?), a. [See Indusium.] Of, pertaining to, or containing, the petrified cases of the larvæ of certain insects.

Indusial limestone (Geol.), a fresh- water limestone, largely composed of the agglomerated cases of caddice worms, or larvæ of caddice flies (Phryganea). It is found in Miocene strata of Auvergne, France, and some other localities.

{ In*du"si*ate (?), In*du"si*a`ted (?), } a. (Bot.) Furnished with an indusium.

||In*du"si*um (?), n.; pl. Indusia (-&adot;). [L., an under garment, fr. induere to put on: cf. F. indusie the covering of the seed spots of ferns.] (Bot.) (a) A collection of hairs united so as to form a sort of cup, and inclosing the stigma of a flower. (b) The immediate covering of the fruit dots or sori in many ferns, usually a very thin scale attached by the middle or side to a veinlet. (c) A peculiar covering found in certain fungi.

In*dus"tri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. industriel, LL. industrialis. See Industry.] Consisting in industry; pertaining to industry, or the arts and products of industry; concerning those employed in labor, especially in manual labor, and their wages, duties, and rights.

The great ideas of industrial development and economic social amelioration.
M. Arnold.

Industrial exhibition, a public exhibition of the various industrial products of a country, or of various countries. -- Industrial school, a school for teaching one or more branches of industry; also, a school for educating neglected children, and training them to habits of industry.

In*dus"tri*al*ism (?), n. 1. Devotion to industrial pursuits; labor; industry. J. S. Mill.

2. The principles or policy applicable to industrial pursuits or organized labor.

Industrialism must not confounded with industriousness.
H. Spencer.

In*dus"tri*al*ly, adv. With reference to industry.

In*dus"tri*ous (?), a. [L. industrius, industriosus: cf. F. industrieux. See Industry.]

1. Given to industry; characterized by diligence; constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied; busy; assiduous; not slothful or idle; -- commonly implying devotion to lawful and useful labor.

Frugal and industrious men are commonly friendly to the established government.
Sir W. Temple.

2. Steadily and perseveringly active in a particular pursuit or aim; as, he was negligent in business, but industrious in pleasure; an industrious mischief maker.

Industrious to seek out the truth of all things.
Spenser.

-- In*dus"tri*ous*ly, adv. -- In*dus"tri*ous*ness, n.

In"dus*try (?), n.; pl. Industries (#). [L. industria, cf. industrius diligent; of uncertain origin: cf. F. industrie.]

1. Habitual diligence in any employment or pursuit, either bodily or mental; steady attention to business; assiduity; -- opposed to sloth and idleness; as, industry pays debts, while idleness or despair will increase them.

We are more industrious than our forefathers, because in the present times the funds destined for the maintenance of industry are much greater in proportion to those which are likely to be employed in the maintenance of idleness, than they were two or three centuries ago.
A. Smith.

2. Any department or branch of art, occupation, or business; especially, one which employs much labor and capital and is a distinct branch of trade; as, the sugar industry; the iron industry; the cotton industry.

3. (Polit. Econ.) Human exertion of any kind employed for the creation of value, and regarded by some as a species of capital or wealth; labor.

Syn. -- Diligence; assiduity; perseverance; activity; laboriousness; attention. See Diligence.

In*du"tive (?), a. [L. indutus, p. p. of induere to put on. See Indue.] (Bot.) Covered; -- applied to seeds which have the usual integumentary covering.

||In*du"vi*æ (?), n. pl. [L., clothes, fr. induere to put on. See Indue.] (Bot.) Persistent portions of a calyx or corolla; also, leaves which do not disarticulate from the stem, and hence remain for a long time.

In*du"vi*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Covered with induviæ, as the upper part of the trunk of a palm tree.

In"dwell` (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Indwelt (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indwelling.] To dwell in; to abide within; to remain in possession.

The Holy Ghost became a dove, not as a symbol, but as a constantly indwelt form.
Milman.

In"dwell`er (?) n. An inhabitant. Spenser.

In"dwell`ing, n. Residence within, as in the heart.

The personal indwelling of the Spirit in believers.
South.

-ine (?; 104). 1. (Chem.) A suffix, indicating that those substances of whose names it is a part are basic, and alkaloidal in their nature.

&fist; All organic bases, and basic substances (especially nitrogenous substances), are systematically written with the termination -ine; as, quinine, morphine, guanidine, etc. All indifferent and neutral substances, as proteids, glycerides, glucosides, etc., should commonly be spelled with -in; as, gelatin, amygdalin, etc. This rue has no application to those numerous commercial or popular names with the termination -ine; as, gasoline, vaseline, etc.

2. (Organ. Chem.) A suffix, used to indicate hydrocarbons of the second degree of unsaturation; i. e., members of the acetyline series; as, hexine, heptine, etc.

In*earth" (?), v. t. To inter. [R.] Southey.

In*e"bri*ant (?), a. [L. inebrians, p. pr. of inebriare. See Inebriate.] Intoxicating.

In*e"bri*ant, n. Anything that intoxicates, as opium, alcohol, etc.; an intoxicant. Smart.

In*e"bri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inebriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inebriating (?).] [L. inebriatus, p. p. of inebriare; pref. in- in + ebriare to make drunk, fr. ebrius drunk. See Ebriety.]

1. To make drunk; to intoxicate.

The cups
That cheer but not inebriate.
Cowper.

2. Fig.: To disorder the senses of; to exhilarate or elate as if by spirituous drink; to deprive of sense and judgment; also, to stupefy.

The inebriating effect of popular applause.
Macaulay.

In*e"bri*ate, v. i. To become drunk. [Obs.] Bacon.

In*e"bri*ate (?), a. [L. inebriatus, p. p.] Intoxicated; drunk; habitually given to drink; stupefied.

Thus spake Peter, as a man inebriate and made drunken with the sweetness of this vision, not knowing what he said.
Udall.

In*e"bri*ate, n. One who is drunk or intoxicated; esp., an habitual drunkard; as, an asylum for inebriates.

Some inebriates have their paroxysms of inebriety.
E. Darwin.

In*e`bri*a"tion (?), n. [L. inebriatio.] The condition of being inebriated; intoxication; figuratively, deprivation of sense and judgment by anything that exhilarates, as success. Sir T. Browne.

Preserve him from the inebriation of prosperity.
Macaulay.

Syn. -- See Drunkenness.

In`e*bri"e*ty (?), n. [See Inebriate, Ebriety.] Drunkenness; inebriation. E. Darwin.

In*e"bri*ous (?), a. Intoxicated, or partially so; intoxicating. [R.] T. Brown.

In*ed"it*ed (?), a. Not edited; unpublished; as, an inedited manuscript. T. Warton.

||I`née" (?), n. [F.] An arrow poison, made from an apocynaceous plant (Strophanthus hispidus) of the Gaboon country; -- called also onaye.

In*ef`fa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. ineffabilitas: cf. F. ineffabilité.] The quality or state of being ineffable; ineffableness; unspeakableness.

In*ef"fa*ble (?), a. [L. ineffabilis: cf. F. ineffable. See In- not, and Effable, Fame.] Incapable of being expressed in words; unspeakable; unutterable; indescribable; as, the ineffable joys of heaven.

Contentment with our lot . . . will diffuse ineffable contentment over the soul.
Beattie.

In*ef"fa*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being ineffable or unutterable; unspeakableness.

In*ef"fa*bly, adv. In a manner not to be expressed in words; unspeakably. Milton.

In`ef*face"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + effaceable: cf. F. ineffaçable.] Incapable of being effaced; indelible; ineradicable.

In`ef*face"a*bly, adv. So as not to be effaceable.

In`ef*fect"i*ble (?), a. Ineffectual; impracticable. [R.] Bp. Hall.

In`ef*fect"ive (?), a. [Pref. in- not + effective: cf. F. ineffectif.] Not effective; ineffectual; futile; inefficient; useless; as, an ineffective appeal.

The word of God, without the spirit, [is] a dead and ineffective letter.
Jer. Taylor.

In`ef*fect"ive*ly, adv. In an ineffective manner; without effect; inefficiently; ineffectually.

In`ef*fect"ive*ness, n. Quality of being ineffective.

In`ef*fec"tu*al (?; 135), a. Not producing the proper effect; without effect; inefficient; weak; useless; futile; unavailing; as, an ineffectual attempt; an ineffectual expedient. Pope.

The peony root has been much commended, . . . and yet has been by many found ineffectual.
Boyle.

Syn. -- Inefficient; useless; inefficacious; vain; fruitless; unavailing; futile. See Useless, Inefficacious.

In`ef*fec`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. Ineffectualness. [R.]

In`ef*fec"tu*al*ly, adv. Without effect; in vain.

Hereford . . . had been besieged for about two months ineffectually by the Scots.
Ludlow.

In`ef*fec"tu*al*ness, n. Want of effect, or of power to produce it; inefficacy.

The ineffectualness of some men's devotion.
Wake.

In*ef`fer*ves"cence (?), n. Want of effervescence. Kirwan.

In*ef`fer*ves"cent (?), a. Not effervescing, or not susceptible of effervescence; quiescent.

In*ef`fer*ves`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being ineffervescible.

In*ef`fer*ves"ci*ble (?), a. Not capable or susceptible of effervescence.

In*ef`fi*ca"cious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + efficacious: cf. F. inefficace, L. inefficax.] Not efficacious; not having power to produce the effect desired; inadequate; incompetent; inefficient; impotent. Boyle.

The authority of Parliament must become inefficacious . . . to restrain the growth of disorders.
Burke.

&fist; Ineffectual, says Johnson, rather denotes an actual failure, and inefficacious an habitual impotence to any effect. But the distinction is not always observed, nor can it be; for we can not always know whether means are inefficacious till experiment has proved them ineffectual. Inefficacious is therefore sometimes synonymous with ineffectual.

In*ef`fi*ca"cious*ly, adv. Without efficacy or effect.

In*ef`fi*ca"cious*ness, n. Want of effect, or of power to produce the effect; inefficacy.

In*ef"fi*ca*cy (?), n. [L. inefficacia. See In- not, and Efficacy.] Want of power to produce the desired or proper effect; inefficiency; ineffectualness; futility; uselessness; fruitlessness; as, the inefficacy of medicines or means.

The seeming inefficacy of censures.
Bp. Hall.

The inefficacy was soon proved, like that of many similar medicines.
James Gregory.

In`ef*fi"cien*cy (?), n. The quality of being inefficient; want of power or energy sufficient for the desired effect; inefficacy; incapacity; as, he was discharged from his position for inefficiency.

In`ef*fi"cient (?), a. 1. Not efficient; not producing the effect intended or desired; inefficacious; as, inefficient means or measures.

2. Incapable of, or indisposed to, effective action; habitually slack or remiss; effecting little or nothing; as, inefficient workmen; an inefficient administrator.

In`ef*fi"cient*ly, adv. In an inefficient manner.

In`e*lab"o*rate (?), a. [L. inelaboratus. See In- not, and Elaborate.] Not elaborate; not wrought with care; unpolished; crude; unfinished.

In`e*las"tic (?), a. Not elastic.

In`e*las*tic"i*ty (?), n. Want of elasticity.

{ In*el"e*gance (?), In*el"e*gan*cy (?), } n.; pl. Inelegances (#), Inelegancies (#). [L. inelegantia: cf. F. inélégance.]

1. The quality of being inelegant; want of elegance or grace; want of refinement, beauty, or polish in language, composition, or manners.

The notorious inelegance of her figure.
T. Hook.

2. Anything inelegant; as, inelegance of style in literary composition.

In*el"e*gant (?), a. [L. inelegans: cf. F. inélégant. See In- not, and Elegant.] Not elegant; deficient in beauty, polish, refinement, grave, or ornament; wanting in anything which correct taste requires.

What order so contrived as not to mix
Tastes, not well joined, inelegant.
Milton.

It renders style often obscure, always embarrassed and inelegant.
Blair.

In*el"e*gant*ly, adv. In an inelegant manner.

In*el`i*gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inéligibilité.] The state or quality of being ineligible.

In*el"i*gi*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + eligible: cf. F. inéligible.] Not eligible; not qualified to be chosen for an office; not worthy to be chosen or preferred; not expedient or desirable. Burke.

In*el"li*gi*bly (?), adv. In an ineligible manner.

In*e"lo*quent (?), a. [L. ineloquens: cf. F. inéloquent. See In- not, and Eloquent.] Not eloquent; not fluent, graceful, or pathetic; not persuasive; as, ineloquent language.

Nor are thy lips ungraceful, sire of men,
Nor tongue ineloquent.
Milton.

In*e"lo*quent*ly, adv. Without eloquence.

In`e*luc"ta*ble (?), a. [L. ineluctabilis; pref. in- not + eluctabilis to be surmounted, fr. eluctari to struggle out of, to surmount: cf. F. inéluctable. See Eluctate.] Not to be overcome by struggling; irresistible; inevitable. Bp. Pearson.

The ineluctable conditions of matter.
Hamerton.

In`e*lud"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being eluded or evaded; unvoidable.

Most pressing reasons and ineludible demonstrations.
Glanvill.

In*em"bry*o*nate (?), a. (Biol.) Not embryonate.

In`e*nar"ra*ble (?), a. [L. inenarrabilis; pref. in- not + enarrabilis that may be related; fr. enarrare to relate: cf. F. inénarrable. See Enarration.] Incapable of being narrated; indescribable; ineffable. [Obs.] "Inenarrable goodness." Bp. Fisher.

In*ept" (?), a. [L. ineptus; prefix. in- not + aptus apt, fit: cf. F. inepte. Cf. Inapt.]

1. Not apt or fit; unfit; unsuitable; improper; unbecoming.

The Aristotelian philosophy is inept for new discoveries.
Glanvill.

2. Silly; useless; nonsensical; absurd; foolish.

To view attention as a special act of intelligence, and to distinguish it from consciousness, is utterly inept.
Sir W. Hamilton.

In*ept"i*tude (?), n. [L. ineptitudo.]

1. The quality of being inept; unfitness; inaptitude; unsuitableness.

That ineptitude for society, which is frequently the fault of us scholars.
Tatler.

2. Absurdity; nonsense; foolishness.

In*ept"ly, adv. Unfitly; unsuitably; awkwardly.

None of them are made foolishly or ineptly.
Dr. H. More.

In*ept"ness, n. Unfitness; ineptitude.

The feebleness and miserable ineptness of infancy.
Dr. H. More.

In*e"qua*ble (?), a. Unequable. [R.] Bailey.

In*e"qual (?), a. [L. inaequalis. See In- not, and Equal.] Unequal; uneven; various. [Obs.] Chaucer.

In`e*qual"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Inequalities (#). [L. inaequalitas.]

1. The quality of being unequal; difference, or want of equality, in any respect; lack of uniformity; disproportion; unevenness; disparity; diversity; as, an inequality in size, stature, numbers, power, distances, motions, rank, property, etc.

There is so great an inequality in the length of our legs and arms as makes it impossible for us to walk on all four.
Ray.

Notwithstanding which inequality of number, it was resolved in a council of war to fight the Dutch fleet.
Ludlow.

Sympathy is rarely strong where there is a great inequality of condition.
Macaulay.

2. Unevenness; want of levelness; the alternate rising and falling of a surface; as, the inequalities of the surface of the earth, or of a marble slab, etc.

The country is cut into so many hills and inequalities as renders it defensible.
Addison.

3. Variableness; changeableness; inconstancy; lack of smoothness or equability; deviation; unsteadiness, as of the weather, feelings, etc.

Inequality of air is ever an enemy to health.
Bacon.

4. Disproportion to any office or purpose; inadequacy; competency; as, the inequality of terrestrial things to the wants of a rational soul. South.

5. (Alg.) An expression consisting of two unequal quantities, with the sign of inequality (> or <) between them; as, the inequality 2 < 3, or 4 > 1.

6. (Astron.) An irregularity, or a deviation, in the motion of a planet or satellite from its uniform mean motion; the amount of such deviation.

In`e*qua"tion (?), n. (Math.) An inequality.

In*e`qui*dis"tant (?), a. Not equally distant; not equidistant.

In*e`qui*lat"er*al (?), a. 1. Having unequal sides; unsymmetrical; unequal- sided.

2. (Zoöl.) Having the two ends unequal, as in the clam, quahaug, and most lamellibranch shells.

In*e`qui*lo"bate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + equi- + lobate.] (Biol.) Unequally lobed; cut into lobes of different shapes or sizes.

In*eq"ui*ta*ble (?), a. Not equitable; not just. Burke.

In*eq"ui*tate (?), v. t. [L. inequitatus, p. p. inequitare to ride over. See 1st In-, and Equitant.] To ride over or through. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

In*eq"ui*ty (?), n. Want of equity; injustice; wrong. "Some form of inequity." H. Spencer.

{ In*e"qui*valve (?), In*e`qui*val"vu*lar (?), } a. (Zoöl.) Having unequal valves, as the shell of an oyster.

In`e*rad"i*ca*ble (?), a. Incapable of being eradicated or rooted out.

The bad seed thus sown was ineradicable.
Ld. Lytton.

In`e*rad"i*ca*bly, adv. So as not to be eradicable.

{ In`er*get"ic (?), In`er*get"ic*al (?), } a. [Pref. in- not + energetic, - ical.] Having no energy; sluggish. [R.] Boyle.

In`er*get"ic*al*ly, adv. Without energy. [R.]

{ In*erm" (?), In*er"mous (?), } a. (Bot.) Same as Inermis.

||In*er"mis (?), a. [L. inermis, inermus; pref. in- not + arma arms: cf. F. inerme.] (Bot.) Unarmed; destitute of prickles or thorns, as a leaf. Gray.

In*er`ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. Freedom or exemption from error; infallibility. Eikon Basilike.

In*er"ra*ble (?), a. [L. inerrabilis. See In- not, and Err.] Incapable of erring; infallible; unerring. "Inerabble and requisite conditions." Sir T. Browne. "Not an inerrable text." Gladstone.

In*er"ra*ble*ness (&ibreve;n*&ebreve;r"r&adot;*b'l*n&ebreve;s), n. Exemption from error; inerrability; infallibility. Hammond.

In*er"ra*bly, adv. With security from error; infallibly; unerringly.

In*er"ran*cy (?), n. Exemption from error.

The absolute inerrancy of the Bible.
The Century.

In`er*rat"ic (&ibreve;n`&ebreve;r*răt"&ibreve;k), a. Not erratic or wandering; fixed; settled; established.

In*err"ing*ly (?), adv. Without error, mistake, or deviation; unerringly. Glanvill.

In*ert" (?), a. [L. iners, inertis, unskilled, idle; pref. in- + ars art: cf. F. inerte. See Art.]

1. Destitute of the power of moving itself, or of active resistance to motion; as, matter is inert.

2. Indisposed to move or act; very slow to act; sluggish; dull; inactive; indolent; lifeless.

The inert and desponding party of the court.
Macaulay.

It present becomes extravagant, then imbecile, and at length utterly inert.
I. Taylor.

3. Not having or manifesting active properties; not affecting other substances when brought in contact with them; powerless for an expected or desired effect.

Syn. -- Inactive; dull; passive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; lazy; lifeless; irresolute; stupid; senseless; insensible. -- Inert, Inactive, Sluggish. A man may be inactive from mere want of stimulus to effort; but one who is inert has something in his constitution or his habits which operates like a weight holding him back from exertion. Sluggish is still stronger, implying some defect of temperament which directly impedes action. Inert and inactive are negative, sluggish is positive.

Even the favored isles . . .
Can boast but little virtue; and, inert
Through plenty, lose in morals what they gain
In manners -- victims of luxurious ease.
Cowper.

Doomed to lose four months in inactive obscurity.
Johnson.

Sluggish Idleness, the nurse of sin,
Upon a slothful ass he chose to ride.
Spenser.

In*er"ti*a (?), n. [L., idleness, fr. iners idle. See Inert.]

1. (Physics) That property of matter by which it tends when at rest to remain so, and when in motion to continue in motion, and in the same straight line or direction, unless acted on by some external force; -- sometimes called vis inertiæ.

2. Inertness; indisposition to motion, exertion, or action; want of energy; sluggishness.

Men . . . have immense irresolution and inertia.
Carlyle.

3. (Med.) Want of activity; sluggishness; -- said especially of the uterus, when, in labor, its contractions have nearly or wholly ceased.

Center of inertia. (Mech.) See under Center.

In*er"tion (?), n. Want of activity or exertion; inertness; quietude. [R.]

These vicissitudes of exertion and inertion of the arterial system constitute the paroxysms of remittent fever.
E. Darwin.

In*ert"i*tude (?), n. [See Inert.] Inertness; inertia. [R.] Good.

In*ert"ly, adv. Without activity; sluggishly. Pope.

In*ert"ness, n. 1. Want of activity or exertion; habitual indisposition to action or motion; sluggishness; apathy; insensibility. Glanvill.

Laziness and inertness of mind.
Burke.

2. Absence of the power of self-motion; inertia.

In*er"u*dite (?), a. [L. ineruditus. See In- not, and Erudite.] Not erudite; unlearned; ignorant.

In`es*cap"a*ble (?), a. Not escapable.

In*es"cate (?), v. t. [L. inescatus, p. p. of inescare; in- in + esca bait.] To allure; to lay a bait for. [Obs.]

To inescate and beguile young women!
Burton.

In`es*ca"tion (?), n. [L. inescatio.] The act of baiting; allurement. [Obs.] Hallywell.

In`es*cutch"eon (?), n. (Her.) A small escutcheon borne within a shield.

||In` es"se (?). [L.] In being; actually existing; - - distinguished from in posse, or in potentia, which denote that a thing is not, but may be.

In`es*sen"tial (?), a. [Pref. in- not + essential: cf. F. inessentiel.]

1. Having no essence or being. H. Brooke.

The womb of inessential Naught.
Shelley.

2. Not essential; unessential.

In*es"ti*ma*ble (?), a. [L. inaestimabilis: cf. F. inestimable. See In- not, and Estimate.] Incapable of being estimated or computed; especially, too valuable or excellent to be measured or fully appreciated; above all price; as, inestimable rights or privileges.

But above all, for thine inestimable love.
Bk. of Com. Prayer.

Science is too inestimable for expression by a money standard.
Lyon Playfair.

Syn. -- Incalculable; invaluable; priceless.

In*es"ti*ma*bly, adv. In a manner, or to a degree, above estimation; as, things inestimably excellent.

In`e*va"si*ble (?), a. Incapable of being evaded; inevitable; unavoidable.

In*ev"i*dence (?), n. [Cf. F. inévidence.] Want of evidence; obscurity. [Obs.] Barrow.

In*ev"i*dent (?), a. [Cf. F. inévident.] Not evident; not clear or obvious; obscure.

In*ev`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inévitabilité.] Impossibility to be avoided or shunned; inevitableness. Shelford.

In*ev"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. inevitabilis: cf. F. inévitable. See In- not, and Evitable.]

1. Not evitable; incapable of being shunned; unavoidable; certain. "The inevitable hour." Gray.

It was inevitable; it was necessary; it was planted in the nature of things.
Burke.

2. Irresistible. "Inevitable charms." Dryden.

In*ev"i*ta*ble*ness (?), n. The state of being unavoidable; certainty to happen. Prideaux.

In*ev"i*ta*bly, adv. Without possibility of escape or evasion; unavoidably; certainly.

Inevitably thou shalt die.
Milton.

How inevitably does immoderate laughter end in a sigh!
South.

In`ex*act" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + exact: cf. F. inexact.] Not exact; not precisely correct or true; inaccurate.

In`ex*act"i*tude (?), n. Inexactness; uncertainty; as, geographical inexactitude.

In`ex*act"ly, adv. In a manner not exact or precise; inaccurately. R. A. Proctor.

In`ex*act"ness, n. Incorrectness; want of exactness.

In`ex*cit`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inexcitable; insusceptibility to excitement.

In`ex*cit"a*ble (?), a. [L. inexcitabilis from which one cannot be aroused. See In- not, and Excite.] Not susceptible of excitement; dull; lifeless; torpid.

In`ex*cus"a*ble (?), a. [L. inexcusabilis: cf. F. inexcusable. See Excuse.] Not excusable; not admitting excuse or justification; as, inexcusable folly.

Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest; for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.
Rom. ii. 1.

In`ex*cus"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being inexcusable; enormity beyond forgiveness. South.

In`ex*cus"a*bly, adv. With a degree of guilt or folly beyond excuse or justification.

Inexcusably obstinate and perverse.
Jortin.

In*ex"e*cra*ble (?), a. That can not be execrated enough. [R.]

In*ex"e*cu`ta*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + executable: cf. F. inexécutable.] Incapable of being executed or performed; impracticable; infeasible.

In*ex`e*cu"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + execution: cf. F. inexécution.] Neglect of execution; nonperformance; as, the inexecution of a treaty. Spence.

In`ex*er"tion (?), n. Want of exertion; want of effort; defect of action; indolence; laziness.

In`ex*hal"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being exhaled. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In`ex*haust"ed (?), a. [Pref. in- not + exhausted: cf. F. inexhaustus.] Not exhausted; not emptied; not spent; not having lost all strength or resources; unexhausted. Dryden.

In`ex*haust"ed*ly, adv. Without exhaustion.

In`ex*haust`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being inexhaustible; abundance.

In`ex*haust"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being exhausted, emptied, or used up; unfailing; not to be wasted or spent; as, inexhaustible stores of provisions; an inexhaustible stock of elegant words. Dryden.

An inexhaustible store of anecdotes.
Macaulay.

-- In`ex*haust"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`ex*haust"i*bly, adv.

In`ex*haust"ive (?), a. Inexhaustible. Thomson.

In`ex*ist" (?), v. i. [Pref. in- in + exist.] To exist within; to dwell within. [Obs.]

Substances inexisting within the divine mind.
A. Tucker.

In`ex*ist"ant (?), a. [Cf. F. inexistant. See 1st Inexistent.] Inexistent; not existing. [Obs.] Gudworth.

In`ex*ist"ence (?), n. [Pref. in- in + existence.] [Obs.] (a) Inherence; subsistence. Bp. Hall. (b) That which exists within; a constituent. A. Tucker.

In`ex*ist"ence, n. [Pref. in- in + existence: cf. F. inexistence.] Want of being or existence.

In`ex*ist"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- in + existent: cf. F. inexistant.] Not having being; not existing.

In`ex*ist"ent, a. [Pref. in- in + existent.] Inherent; innate; indwelling. Boyle.

In*ex`o*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. inexorabilitas: cf. F. inexorabilité.] The quality of being inexorable, or unyielding to entreaty. Paley.

In*ex"o*ra*ble (?), a. [L. inexorabilis: cf. F. inexorable. See In- not, and Exorable, Adore.] Not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer; firm; determined; unyielding; unchangeable; inflexible; relentless; as, an inexorable prince or tyrant; an inexorable judge. "Inexorable equality of laws." Gibbon. "Death's inexorable doom." Dryden.

You are more inhuman, more inexorable,
O, ten times more than tigers of Hyrcania.
Shak.

In*ex"o*ra*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inexorable. Chillingworth.

In*ex"o*ra*bly, adv. In an inexorable manner; inflexibly. "Inexorably firm." Thomson.

In`ex*pan"si*ble (?), a. Incapable of expansion, enlargement, or extension. Tyndall.

In`ex*pect"a*ble (?), a. Not to be expected or anticipated. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In"ex*pect"ant (?), a. Not expectant. C. Bronté.

In*ex`pec*ta"tion (?), n. Absence of expectation. Feltham.

In`ex*pect"ed (?), a. [Pref. in- not + expected: cf. L. inexspectatus.] Unexpected. [Obs.]

In`ex*pect"ed*ly, adv. Unexpectedly. [Obs.]

In`ex*pect"ed*ness, n. Unexpectedness. [Obs.]

{ In`ex*pe"di*ence (?), In`ex*pe"di*en*cy (?), } n. The quality or state of being inexpedient; want of fitness; unsuitableness to the end or object; impropriety; as, the inexpedience of some measures.

It is not the rigor but the inexpediency of laws and acts of authority which makes them tyrannical.
Paley.

In`ex*pe"di*ent (?), a. Not expedient; not tending to promote a purpose; not tending to the end desired; inadvisable; unfit; improper; unsuitable to time and place; as, what is expedient at one time may be inexpedient at another.

If it was not unlawful, yet it was highly inexpedient to use those ceremonies.
Bp. Burnet.

Syn. -- Unwise; impolitic; imprudent; indiscreet; unprofitable; inadvisable; disadvantageous.

In`ex*pe"di*ent*ly (?), adv. Not expediently; unfitly.

In`ex*pen"sive (?), a. Not expensive; cheap.

In`ex*pe"ri*ence (?), n. [L. inexperientia, cf. F. inexpérience. See In- not, and Experience.] Absence or want of experience; lack of personal and experimental knowledge; as, the inexperience of youth.

Failings which are incident to youth and inexperience.
Dryden.

Prejudice and self-sufficiency naturally proceed from inexperience of the world, and ignorance of mankind.
Addison.

In`ex*pe"ri*enced (?), a. Not having experience; unskilled. "Inexperienced youth." Cowper.

In`ex*pert" (?), a. [L. inexpertus inexperienced: cf. F. inexpert. See In- not, and Expert.]

1. Destitute of experience or of much experience. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Not expert; not skilled; destitute of knowledge or dexterity derived from practice. Akenside.

In`ex*pert"ness, n. Want of expertness or skill.

In*ex"pi*a*ble (?), a. [L. inexpiabilis: cf. F. inexpiable. See In- not, and Expiable.]

1. Admitting of no expiation, atonement, or satisfaction; as, an inexpiable crime or offense. Pomfret.

2. Incapable of being mollified or appeased; relentless; implacable. [Archaic] "Inexpiable hate." Milton.

They are at inexpiable war with all establishments.
Burke.

In*ex"pi*a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being inexpiable.

In*ex"pi*a*bly, adv. In an inexpiable manner of degree; to a degree that admits of no atonement.

In*ex"pi*ate (?), a. [L. inexpiatus. See In- not, and Expiate.] Not appeased or placated. [Obs.]

To rest inexpiate were much too rude a part.
Chapman.

In`ex*plain"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + explainable; cf. L. inexplanabilis.] Incapable of being explained; inexplicable.

In*ex"ple*a*bly (?), adv. [Cf. L. inexplebilis; pref. in- not + explere to fill up. See Expletion.] Insatiably. [Obs.] Sandys.

In*ex`pli*ca*bil"i*ty, n. [Cf. F. inexplicabilité.] The quality or state of being inexplicable. H. Spencer.

In*ex"pli*ca*ble (?), a. [L. inexplicabilis: cf. F. inexplicable. See In- not, and Explicable.] Not explicable; not explainable; incapable of being explained, interpreted, or accounted for; as, an inexplicable mystery. "An inexplicable scratching." Cowper.

Their reason is disturbed; their views become vast and perplexed, to others inexplicable, to themselves uncertain.
Burke.

In*ex"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. A state of being inexplicable; inexplicability.

In*ex"pli*ca*bly, adv. In an inexplicable manner.

In`ex*plic"it (?), a. [L. inexplicitus: cf. F. inexplicite. See In- not, and Explicit.] Not explicit; not clearly stated; indefinite; vague.

In`ex*plor"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being explored, searched out, or discovered. Sir G. Buck.

In`ex*plo"sive (?), a. Not explosive.

In`ex*po"sure (?; 135), n. A state of not being exposed.

In`ex*press"i*ble (?), a. Not capable of expression or utterance in language; ineffable; unspeakable; indescribable; unutterable; as, inexpressible grief or pleasure. "Inexpressible grandeur." Blair.

In orbs
Of circuit inexpressible they stood.
Milton.

In`ex*press"i*bles (?), n. pl. Breeches; trousers. [Colloq. or Slang] Ld. Lytton.

In`ex*press"i*bly, adv. In an inexpressible manner or degree; unspeakably; unutterably. Spectator.

In`ex*press"ive (?), a. 1. Inexpressible. [R.]

2. Without expression or meaning; not expressive; dull; unintelligent; as, an inexpressive countenance.

In`ex*press"ive*ness, n. The state or quality of being inexpressive.

In`ex*pug"na*ble (?), a. [L. inexpugnabilis: cf. F. inexpugnable. See In- not, and Expugnable.] Incapable of being subdued by force; impregnable; unconquerable. Burke.

A fortress, inexpugnable by the arts of war.
Milman.

In`ex*pug"na*bly, adv. So as to be inexpugnable; in an inexpugnable manner. Dr. H. More.

In`ex*su"per*a*ble (?), a. [L. inexsuperabilis; pref. in- not + exsuperabilis that may be surmounted. See In- not, Ex-, and Superable.] Not capable of being passed over; insuperable; insurmountable.

In`ex*tend"ed (?), a. Not extended.

In`ex*ten"si*ble (?), a. Not capable of being extended; not elastic; as, inextensible fibers.

In`ex*ten"sion (?), n. Want of extension; unextended state.

In`ex*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [L. inexterminabilis. See In- not, and Exterminate.] Incapable of extermination. Rush.

In`ex*tinct" (?), a. [L. inextinctus, inexstinctus. See Extinct.] Not quenched; not extinct.

In`ex*tin"gui*ble (?), a. [L. inexstinguibilis: cf. F, inextinguible. See Inextinct.] Inextinguishable. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

In`ex*tin"guish*a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being extinguished; extinguishable; unquenchable; as, inextinguishable flame, light, thirst, desire, feuds. "Inextinguishable rage." Milton.

In`ex*tin"guish*a*bly, adv. So as not to be extinguished; in an inextinguishable manner.

In`ex*tir"pa*ble (?), a. [L. inexstirpabilis: cf. F. inextirpable. See In- not, and Extirpate.] Not capable of being extirpated or rooted out; ineradicable.

In*ex"tri*ca*ble (?), a. [L. inextricabilis: cf. F. inextricable. See In- not, and Extricate.]

1. Incapable of being extricated, untied, or disentangled; hopelessly intricate, confused, or obscure; as, an inextricable knot or difficulty; inextricable confusion.

Lost in the wild, inextricable maze.
Blackmore.

2. Inevitable. [R.] "Fate inextricable." Milton.

In*ex"tri*ca*ble*ness (?), n. The state of being inextricable.

In*ex"tri*ca*bly, adv. In an inextricable manner.

In*eye" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ineyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ineyeing.] [Pref. in- in + eye.] To ingraft, as a tree or plant, by the insertion of a bud or eye; to inoculate.

The arts of grafting and ineying.
J. Philips.

In*fab"ri*ca`ted (?), a. Not fabricated; unwrought; not artificial; natural. [Obs.]

In*fal"li*bil*ist (?), n. One who accepts or maintains the dogma of papal infallibility.

In*fal`li*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. infaillibilité.] The quality or state of being infallible, or exempt from error; inerrability.

Infallibility is the highest perfection of the knowing faculty.
Tillotson.

Papal infallibility (R. C. Ch.), the dogma that the pope can not, when acting in his official character of supreme pontiff, err in defining a doctrine of Christian faith or rule of morals, to be held by the church. This was decreed by the Ecumenical Council at the Vatican, July 18, 1870.

In*fal"li*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + fallible: cf. F. infallible.]

1. Not fallible; not capable of erring; entirely exempt from liability to mistake; unerring; inerrable. Dryden.

2. Not liable to fail, deceive, or disappoint; indubitable; sure; certain; as, infallible evidence; infallible success; an infallible remedy.

To whom also he showed himself alive, after his passion, by many infallible proofs.
Acts i. 3.

3. (R. C. Ch.) Incapable of error in defining doctrines touching faith or morals. See Papal infallibility, under Infallibility.

In*fal"li*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being infallible; infallibility. Bp. Hall.

In*fal"li*bly, adv. In an infallible manner; certainly; unfailingly; unerringly. Blair.

In*fame" (?), v. t. [L. infamare, fr. infamis infamous: cf. F. infamer, It. infamare. See Infamous.] To defame; to make infamous. [Obs.] Milton.

Livia is infamed for the poisoning of her husband.
Bacon.

In"fa*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infamized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infamizing (?).] To make infamous; to defame. [R.] Coleridge.

In"fa*mous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + famous: cf. L. infamis. See Infamy.]

1. Of very bad report; having a reputation of the worst kind; held in abhorrence; guilty of something that exposes to infamy; base; notoriously vile; detestable; as, an infamous traitor; an infamous perjurer.

False errant knight, infamous, and forsworn.
Spenser.

2. Causing or producing infamy; deserving detestation; scandalous to the last degree; as, an infamous act; infamous vices; infamous corruption. Macaulay.

3. (Law) Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime; as, at common law, an infamous person can not be a witness.

4. Having a bad name as being the place where an odious crime was committed, or as being associated with something detestable; hence, unlucky; perilous; dangerous. "Infamous woods." P. Fletcher.

Infamous hills, and sandy perilous wilds.
Milton.

The piny shade
More infamous by cursed Lycaon made.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Detestable; odious; scandalous; disgraceful; base; vile; shameful; ignominious.

In"fa*mous*ly, adv. In an infamous manner or degree; scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully.

The sealed fountain of royal bounty which had been infamously monopolized and huckstered.
Burke.

In"fa*mous*ness, n. The state or quality of being infamous; infamy.

In"fa*my (?), n.; pl. Infamies (#). [L. infamia, fr. infamis infamous; pref. in- not + fama fame: cf. F. infamie. See Fame.]

1. Total loss of reputation; public disgrace; dishonor; ignominy; indignity.

The afflicted queen would not yield, and said she would not . . . submit to such infamy.
Bp. Burnet.

2. A quality which exposes to disgrace; extreme baseness or vileness; as, the infamy of an action.

3. (Law) That loss of character, or public disgrace, which a convict incurs, and by which he is at common law rendered incompetent as a witness.

In"fan*cy (?), n. [L. infantia: cf. F. enfance. See Infant.]

1. The state or period of being an infant; the first part of life; early childhood.

The babe yet lies in smiling infancy.
Milton.

Their love in early infancy began.
Dryden.

2. The first age of anything; the beginning or early period of existence; as, the infancy of an art.

The infancy and the grandeur of Rome.
Arbuthnot.

3. (Law) The state or condition of one under age, or under the age of twenty-one years; nonage; minority.

In*fan"dous (?), a. [L. infandus; pref. in- not + fari to speak.] Too odious to be expressed or mentioned. [Obs.] Howell.

In*fang"thef (?), n. [AS. in-fangen- þeóf; in in, into + fangen taken (p. p. of fōn to take) + þeóf thief.] (O. Eng. Law) The privilege granted to lords of certain manors to judge thieves taken within the seigniory of such lords. Cowell.

In"fant (?), n. [L. infans; pref. in- not + fari to speak: cf. F. enfant, whence OE. enfaunt. See Fame, and cf. Infante, Infanta.] 1. A child in the first period of life, beginning at his birth; a young babe; sometimes, a child several years of age.

And tender cries of infants pierce the ear.
C. Pitt.

2. (Law) A person who is not of full age, or who has not attained the age of legal capacity; a person under the age of twenty-one years; a minor.

&fist; An infant under seven years of age is not penally responsible; between seven and fourteen years of age, he may be convicted of a malicious offense if malice be proved. He becomes of age on the day preceding his twenty-first birthday, previous to which time an infant has no capacity to contract.

3. Same as Infante. [Obs.] Spenser.

In"fant (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to infancy, or the first period of life; tender; not mature; as, infant strength.

2. Intended for young children; as, an infant school.

In"fant, v. t. [Cf. F. enfanter.] To bear or bring forth, as a child; hence, to produce, in general. [Obs.]

This worthy motto, "No bishop, no king," is . . . infanted out of the same fears.
Milton.

||In*fan"ta (?), n. [Sp. & Pg., fem. of infante. See Infante.] A title borne by every one of the daughters of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the eldest.

||In*fan"te (?), n. [Sp. & Pg. See Infant.] A title given to every one of sons of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the eldest or heir apparent.

In"fant*hood (?), n. Infancy. [R.]

In*fan"ti*ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to infanticide; engaged in, or guilty of, child murder.

In*fan"ti*cide (?), n. [L. infanticidium child murder; infans, -antis, child + caedere to kill: cf. F. infanticide. See Infant, and Homicide.] The murder of an infant born alive; the murder or killing of a newly born or young child; child murder.

In*fan"ti*cide, n. [L. infanticida: cf. F. infanticide.] One who commits the crime of infanticide; one who kills an infant.

In"fan*tile (?; 277), a. [L. infantilis: cf. F. infantile. See Infant.] Of or pertaining to infancy, or to an infant; similar to, or characteristic of, an infant; childish; as, infantile behavior.

In"fan*tine (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. enfantin.] Infantile; childish.

A degree of credulity next infantine.
Burke.

In"fant*like` (?), a. Like an infant. Shak.

In"fant*ly, a. Like an infant. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

In"fan*try (?), n. [F. infanterie, It. infanteria, fr. infante infant, child, boy servant, foot soldier, fr. L. infans, - antis, child; foot soldiers being formerly the servants and followers of knights. See Infant.]

1. A body of children. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. (Mil.) A body of soldiers serving on foot; foot soldiers, in distinction from cavalry.

In*farce" (?), v. t. [L. infarcire: pref. in- in + farcire, fartum and farctum, to stuff, cram.] To stuff; to swell. [Obs.]

The body is infarced with . . . watery humors.
Sir T. Elyot.

In*farc"tion (?), n. [See Infarce.] The act of stuffing or filling; an overloading and obstruction of any organ or vessel of the body; constipation.

In"fare` (?), n. [AS. infær entrance.] A house-warming; especially, a reception, party, or entertainment given by a newly married couple, or by the husband upon receiving the wife to his house. [Written also infair.] [Scot., & Local, U. S.]

In*fash"ion*a*ble, a. Unfashionable. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

In*fat"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. infatigabilis: cf. F. infatigable.] Indefatigable. [Obs.] Daniel.

In*fat"u*ate (?; 135), a. [L. infatuatus, p. p. of infatuare to infatuate; pref. in- in + fatuus foolish. See Fatuous.] Infatuated. Bp. Hall.

In*fat"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infatuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infatuating.]

1. To make foolish; to affect with folly; to weaken the intellectual powers of, or to deprive of sound judgment.

The judgment of God will be very visible in infatuating a people . . . ripe and prepared for destruction.
Clarendon.

2. To inspire with a foolish and extravagant passion; as, to be infatuated with gaming.

The people are . . . infatuated with the notion.
Addison.

In*fat"u*a`ted (?), a. Overcome by some foolish passion or desire; affected by infatuation.

In*fat`u*a"tion (?), n. [LL. infatuatio: cf. F. infatuation.] The act of infatuating; the state of being infatuated; folly; that which infatuates.

The infatuations of the sensual and frivolous part of mankind are amazing; but the infatuations of the learned and sophistical are incomparably more so.
I. Taylor.

Such is the infatuation of self- love.
Blair.

In*faust" (?), a. [L. infaustus; pref. in- not + faustus fortunate, lucky.] Not favorable; unlucky; unpropitious; sinister. [R.] Ld. Lytton.

In*faust"ing (?), n. The act of making unlucky; misfortune; bad luck. [Obs.] Bacon.

In*fea`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being infeasible; impracticability.

In*fea"si*ble (?), a. Not capable of being done or accomplished; impracticable. Glanvill.

In*fea"si*ble*ness, n. The state of quality of being infeasible; infeasibility. W. Montagu.

In*fect" (?), a. [L. infectus: cf. F. infect. See Infect, v. t.] Infected. Cf. Enfect. [Obs.] Shak.

In*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infected; p. pr. & vb. n. Infecting.] [L. infectus, p. p. of inficere to put or dip into, to stain, infect; pref. in- in + facere to make; cf. F. infecter. See Fact.]

1. To taint with morbid matter or any pestilential or noxious substance or effluvium by which disease is produced; as, to infect a lancet; to infect an apartment.

2. To affect with infectious disease; to communicate infection to; as, infected with the plague.

Them that were left alive being infected with this disease.
Sir T. North.

3. To communicate to or affect with, as qualities or emotions, esp. bad qualities; to corrupt; to contaminate; to taint by the communication of anything noxious or pernicious. Cowper.

Infected Ston's daughters with like heat.
Milton.

4. (Law) To contaminate with illegality or to expose to penalty.

Syn. -- To poison; vitiate; pollute; defile.

In*fect"er (?), n. One who, or that which, infects.

In*fect"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being infected.

In*fec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. infection, L. infectio a dyeing.]

1. The act or process of infecting.

There was a strict order against coming to those pits, and that was only to prevent infection.
De Foe.

2. That which infects, or causes the communicated disease; any effluvium, miasm, or pestilential matter by which an infectious disease is caused.

And that which was still worse, they that did thus break out spread the infection further by their wandering about with the distemper upon them.
De Foe.

3. The state of being infected; contamination by morbific particles; the result of infecting influence; a prevailing disease; epidemic.

The danger was really very great, the infection being so very violent in London.
De Foe.

4. That which taints or corrupts morally; as, the infection of vicious principles.

It was her chance to light
Amidst the gross infections of those times.
Daniel.

5. (Law) Contamination by illegality, as in cases of contraband goods; implication.

6. Sympathetic communication of like qualities or emotions; influence.

Through all her train the soft infection ran.
Pope.

Mankind are gay or serious by infection.
Rambler.

Syn. -- Infection, Contagion. -- Infection is often used in a definite and limited sense of the transmission of affections without direct contact of individuals or immediate application or introduction of the morbific agent, in contradistinction to contagion, which then implies transmission by direct contact. Quain. See Contagious.

In*fec"tious (?), a. [Cf. F. infectieux.]

1. Having qualities that may infect; communicable or caused by infection; pestilential; epidemic; as, an infectious fever; infectious clothing; infectious air; infectious vices.

Where the infectious pestilence.
Shak.

2. Corrupting, or tending to corrupt or contaminate; vitiating; demoralizing.

It [the court] is necessary for the polishing of manners . . . but it is infectious even to the best morals to live always in it.
Dryden.

3. (Law) Contaminating with illegality; exposing to seizure and forfeiture.

Contraband articles are said to be of an infectious nature.
Kent.

4. Capable of being easily diffused or spread; sympathetic; readily communicated; as, infectious mirth.

The laughter was so genuine as to be infectious.
W. Black.

Syn. -- See Contagious.

In*fec"tious*ly, adv. In an infectious manner. Shak.

In*fec"tious*ness, n. The quality of being infectious.

In*fect"ive (?), a. [L. infectivus pertaining to dyeing.] Infectious. Beau. & Fl.

True love . . . hath an infective power.
Sir P. Sidney.

In*fec"und (?), a. [L. infecundus: cf. F. infécond. See In- not, and Fecund.] Unfruitful; not producing young; barren; infertile. [Obs.] Evelyn.

In`fe*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. infecunditas: cf. F. infécondité.] Want of fecundity or fruitfulness; barrenness; sterility; unproductiveness.

In`fe*cun"dous (?), a. [See Infecund.] Infertile; barren; unprofitable; unproductive. [Obs.] Glanvill.

In*fee"ble (?), v. t. See Enfeeble.

In`fe*lic"i*tous (?), a. Not felicitous; unhappy; unfortunate; not fortunate or appropriate in application; not well said, expressed, or done; as, an infelicitous condition; an infelicitous remark; an infelicitous description; infelicitous words.

In`fe*lic"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infelicities (#). [L. infelicitas: cf. F. infélicité. See In- not, and Felicity.]

1. The state or quality of being infelicitous; unhappiness; misery; wretchedness; misfortune; want of suitableness or appropriateness. I. Watts.

Whatever is the ignorance and infelicity of the present state, we were made wise and happy.
Glanvill.

2. That (as an act, word, expression, etc.) which is infelicitous; as, infelicities of speech.

In`fe*lo"ni*ous (?), a. Not felonious, malignant, or criminal. G. Eliot.

In"felt` (?), a. [Pref. in- in + felt.] Felt inwardly; heartfelt. [R.]

The baron stood afar off, or knelt in submissive, acknowledged, infelt inferiority.
Milman.

In`feo*da"tion (?), n. (Law) See Infeudation.

In*feoff" (?), v. t. (Law) See Enfeoff.

In*feoff"ment (?), n. (Law) See Enfeoffment.

In*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inferring.] [L. inferre to bring into, bring forward, occasion, infer; pref. in- in + ferre to carry, bring: cf. F. inférer. See 1 st Bear.]

1. To bring on; to induce; to occasion. [Obs.] Harvey.

2. To offer, as violence. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To bring forward, or employ as an argument; to adduce; to allege; to offer. [Obs.]

Full well hath Clifford played the orator,
Inferring arguments of mighty force.
Shak.

4. To derive by deduction or by induction; to conclude or surmise from facts or premises; to accept or derive, as a consequence, conclusion, or probability; to imply; as, I inferred his determination from his silence.

To infer is nothing but by virtue of one proposition laid down as true, to draw in another as true.
Locke.

Such opportunities always infer obligations.
Atterbury.

5. To show; to manifest; to prove. [Obs.]

The first part is not the proof of the second, but rather contrariwise, the second inferreth well the first.
Sir T. More.

This doth infer the zeal I had to see him.
Shak.

In*fer"a*ble (&ibreve;n*f&etilde;r"&adot;*b'l or &ibreve;n*f&ebreve;r"-; 277), a. Capable of being inferred or deduced from premises. [Written also inferrible.] H. Spencer.

A sufficient argument . . . is inferable from these premises.
Burke.

In"fer*ence (?), n. [From Infer.]

1. The act or process of inferring by deduction or induction.

Though it may chance to be right in the conclusions, it is yet unjust and mistaken in the method of inference.
Glanvill.

2. That which inferred; a truth or proposition drawn from another which is admitted or supposed to be true; a conclusion; a deduction. Milton.

These inferences, or conclusions, are the effects of reasoning, and the three propositions, taken all together, are called syllogism, or argument.
I. Watts.

Syn. -- Conclusion; deduction; consequence. -- Inference, Conclusion. An inference is literally that which is brought in; and hence, a deduction or induction from premises, -- something which follows as certainly or probably true. A conclusion is stronger than an inference; it shuts us up to the result, and terminates inquiry. We infer what is particular or probable; we conclude what is certain. In a chain of reasoning we have many inferences, which lead to the ultimate conclusion. "An inference is a proposition which is perceived to be true, because of its connection with some known fact." "When something is simply affirmed to be true, it is called a proposition; after it has been found to be true by several reasons or arguments, it is called a conclusion." I. Taylor.

In`fer*en"tial (?), a. Deduced or deducible by inference. "Inferential proofs." J. S. Mill.

In`fer*en"tial*ly, adv. By way of inference.

||In*fe"ri*æ (?), n. pl. [L., fr. inferus underneath.] (Rom. Antiq.) Sacrifices offered to the souls of deceased heroes or friends.

In*fe"ri*or (?), a. [L., compar. of inferus that is below, underneath, the lower; akin to E. under: cf. F. inférieur. See Under.]

1. Lower in place, rank, excellence, etc.; less important or valuable; subordinate; underneath; beneath.

A thousand inferior and particular propositions.
I. Watts.

The body, or, as some love to call it, our inferior nature.
Burke.

Whether they are equal or inferior to my other poems, an author is the most improper judge.
Dryden.

2. Poor or mediocre; as, an inferior quality of goods.

3. (Astron.) (a) Nearer the sun than the earth is; as, the inferior or interior planets; an inferior conjunction of Mercury or Venus. (b) Below the horizon; as, the inferior part of a meridian.

4. (Bot.) (a) Situated below some other organ; -- said of a calyx when free from the ovary, and therefore below it, or of an ovary with an adherent and therefore inferior calyx. (b) On the side of a flower which is next the bract; anterior.

5. (Min.) Junior or subordinate in rank; as, an inferior officer.

Inferior court (Law), a court subject to the jurisdiction of another court known as the superior, or higher, court. -- Inferior letter, Inferior figure (Print.), a small letter or figure standing at the bottom of the line (opposed to superior letter or figure), as in A2, Bn, 2 and n are inferior characters. -- Inferior tide, the tide corresponding to the moon's transit of the meridian, when below the horizon.

In*fe"ri*or, n. A person lower in station, rank, intellect, etc., than another.

A great person gets more by obliging his inferior than by disdaining him.
South.

In*fe`ri*or"i*ty (?), [Cf. F. infériorité.] The state of being inferior; a lower state or condition; as, inferiority of rank, of talents, of age, of worth.

A deep sense of our own great inferiority.
Boyle.

In*fe"ri*or*ly (?), adv. In an inferior manner, or on the inferior part.

In*fer"nal (?), a. [F. infernal, L. infernalis, fr. infernus that which lies beneath, the lower. See Inferior.]

1. Of or pertaining to or suitable for the lower regions, inhabited, according to the ancients, by the dead; pertaining to Pluto's realm of the dead, the Tartarus of the ancients.

The Elysian fields, the infernal monarchy.
Garth.

2. Of or pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting, hell; suitable for hell, or to the character of the inhabitants of hell; hellish; diabolical; as, infernal spirits, or conduct.

The instruments or abettors in such infernal dealings.
Addison.

Infernal machine, a machine or apparatus maliciously designed to explode, and destroy life or property. - - Infernal stone (lapis infernalis), lunar caustic; formerly so called. The name was also applied to caustic potash.

Syn. -- Tartarean; Stygian; hellish; devilish; diabolical; satanic; fiendish; malicious.

In*fer"nal, n. An inhabitant of the infernal regions; also, the place itself. [Obs.] Drayton.

In*fer"nal*ly, adv. In an infernal manner; diabolically. "Infernally false." Bp. Hacket.

In`fe*ro*bran"chi*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Inferobranchiata.

In`fe*ro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Inferobranchiate.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of marine gastropod mollusks, in which the gills are between the foot and the mantle.

In`fe*ro*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. inferus lower + E. branchiate.] (Zoöl.) Having the gills on the sides of the body, under the margin of the mantle; belonging to the Inferobranchiata.

In*fer"ri*ble (?), a. Inferable.

In*fer"tile (?), a. [L. infertilis: cf. F. infertile. See In- not, and Fertile.] Not fertile; not productive; barren; sterile; as, an infertile soil.

In*fer"tile*ly, adv. In an infertile manner.

In`fer*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. infertilitas: cf. F. infertilité.] The state or quality of being infertile; unproductiveness; barrenness.

The infertility or noxiousness of the soil.
Sir M. Hale.

In*fest" (?), a. [L. infestus. See Infest, v. t.] Mischievous; hurtful; harassing. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*fest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infested; p. pr. & vb. n. Infesting.] [L. infestare, fr. infestus disturbed, hostile, troublesome; in in, against + the root of defendere: cf. F. infester. See Defend.] To trouble greatly by numbers or by frequency of presence; to disturb; to annoy; to frequent and molest or harass; as, fleas infest dogs and cats; a sea infested with pirates.

To poison vermin that infest his plants.
Cowper.

These, said the genius, are envy, avarice, superstition, love, with the like cares and passions that infest human life.
Addison.

And the cares, that infest the day,
Shall fold their tents, like the Arabs,
And as silently steal away.
Longfellow.

In`fes*ta"tion (?), n. [L. infestatio: cf. F. infestation.] The act of infesting or state of being infested; molestation; vexation; annoyance. Bacon.

Free from the infestation of enemies.
Donne.

In*fest"er (?), n. One who, or that which, infests.

In*fest"ive (?), a. [L. infestivus. See In- not, and Festive.] Having no mirth; not festive or merry; dull; cheerless; gloomy; forlorn. [R.]

In`fes*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Want of festivity, cheerfulness, or mirth; dullness; cheerlessness. [R.]

In*fes"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. infestus. See Infest, a.] Mischievous; harmful; dangerous. [Obs.] "Infestuous as serpents." Bacon.

In`feu*da"tion (?), n. [LL. infeudatio, fr. infeudare to enfeoff: cf. F. inféodation. See Feud a fief.]

1. (Law) The act of putting one in possession of an estate in fee. Sir M. Hale.

2. The granting of tithes to laymen. Blackstone.

In*fib`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. infibulare, infibulatum, to clasp, buckle, or button together; pref. in- in + fibula clasp, buckle: cf. F. infibulation.]

1. The act of clasping, or fastening, as with a buckle or padlock.

2. The act of attaching a ring, clasp, or frame, to the genital organs in such a manner as to prevent copulation.

In"fi*del (?), a. [L. infidelis; pref. in- not + fidelis faithful, fr. fides faith: cf. F. infidèle. See Fidelity.] Not holding the faith; -- applied esp. to one who does not believe in the inspiration of the Scriptures, and the supernatural origin of Christianity.

The infidel writer is a great enemy to society.
V. Knox.

In"fi*del, n. One who does not believe in the prevailing religious faith; especially, one who does not believe in the divine origin and authority of Christianity; a Mohammedan; a heathen; a freethinker.

&fist; Infidel is used by English writers to translate the equivalent word used Mohammedans in speaking of Christians and other disbelievers in Mohammedanism.

Syn. -- Infidel, Unbeliever, Freethinker, Deist, Atheist, Sceptic, Agnostic. An infidel, in common usage, is one who denies Christianity and the truth of the Scriptures. Some have endeavored to widen the sense of infidel so as to embrace atheism and every form of unbelief; but this use does not generally prevail. A freethinker is now only another name for an infidel. An unbeliever is not necessarily a disbeliever or infidel, because he may still be inquiring after evidence to satisfy his mind; the word, however, is more commonly used in the extreme sense. A deist believes in one God and a divine providence, but rejects revelation. An atheist denies the being of God. A sceptic is one whose faith in the credibility of evidence is weakened or destroyed, so that religion, to the same extent, has no practical hold on his mind. An agnostic remains in a state of suspended judgment, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity.

In`fi*del"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infidelities (&?;). [L. infidelitas: cf. F. infidélité.]

1. Want of faith or belief in some religious system; especially, a want of faith in, or disbelief of, the inspiration of the Scriptures, of the divine origin of Christianity.

There is, indeed, no doubt but that vanity is one of the principal causes of infidelity.
V. Knox.

2. Unfaithfulness to the marriage vow or contract; violation of the marriage covenant by adultery.

3. Breach of trust; unfaithfulness to a charge, or to moral obligation; treachery; deceit; as, the infidelity of a servant. "The infidelity of friends." Sir W. Temple.

In*field" (?), v. t. To inclose, as a field. [R.]

In"field` (?), n. 1. Arable and manured land kept continually under crop; -- distinguished from outfield. [Scotland] Jamieson.

2. (Baseball) The diamond; -- opposed to outfield. See Diamond, n., 5.

In*file" (?), v. t. To arrange in a file or rank; to place in order. [Obs.] Holland.

In*film" (?), v. t. To cover with a film; to coat thinly; as, to infilm one metal with another in the process of gilding; to infilm the glass of a mirror. [R.]

In*fil"ter (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Infiltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Infiltering.] [Cf. Infiltrate.] To filter or sift in.

In*fil"trate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Infiltrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infiltrating (?).] [Pref. in- + filtrate: cf. F, s'infiltrer. Cf. Infilter.] To enter by penetrating the pores or interstices of a substance; to filter into or through something.

The water infiltrates through the porous rock.
Addison.

In*fil"trate, v. t. To penetrate gradually; -- sometimes used reflexively. J. S. Mill.

In`fil*tra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. infiltration.]

1. The act or process of infiltrating, as of water into a porous substance, or of a fluid into the cells of an organ or part of the body.

2. The substance which has entered the pores or cavities of a body. Addison.

Calcareous infiltrations filling the cavities.
Kirwan.

Fatty infiltration. (Med.) See under Fatty. -- Infiltration gallery, a filter gallery.

In*fil"tra*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to infiltration. Kane.

In"fi*nite (?), a. [L. infinitus: cf. F. infini. See In- not, and Finite.]

1. Unlimited or boundless, in time or space; as, infinite duration or distance.

Whatever is finite, as finite, will admit of no comparative relation with infinity; for whatever is less than infinite is still infinitely distant from infinity; and lower than infinite distance the lowest or least can not sink.
H. Brooke.

2. Without limit in power, capacity, knowledge, or excellence; boundless; immeasurably or inconceivably great; perfect; as, the infinite wisdom and goodness of God; - - opposed to finite.

Great is our Lord, and of great power; his understanding is infinite.
Ps. cxlvii. 5.

O God, how infinite thou art!
I. Watts.

3. Indefinitely large or extensive; great; vast; immense; gigantic; prodigious.

Infinite riches in a little room.
Marlowe.

Which infinite calamity shall cause
To human life.
Milton.

4. (Math.) Greater than any assignable quantity of the same kind; -- said of certain quantities.

5. (Mus.) Capable of endless repetition; -- said of certain forms of the canon, called also perpetual fugues, so constructed that their ends lead to their beginnings, and the performance may be incessantly repeated. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Syn. -- Boundless; immeasurable; illimitable; interminable; limitless; unlimited; endless; eternal.

In"fi*nite, n. 1. That which is infinite; boundless space or duration; infinity; boundlessness.

Not till the weight is heaved from off the air, and the thunders roll down the horizon, will the serene light of God flow upon us, and the blue infinite embrace us again.
J. Martineau.

2. (Math.) An infinite quantity or magnitude.

3. An infinity; an incalculable or very great number.

Glittering chains, embroidered richly o'er
With infinite of pearls and finest gold.
Fanshawe.

4. The Infinite Being; God; the Almighty.

In"fi*nite*ly, adv. 1. Without bounds or limits; beyond or below assignable limits; as, an infinitely large or infinitely small quantity.

2. Very; exceedingly; vastly; highly; extremely. "Infinitely pleased." Dryden.

In"fi*nite*ness, n. The state or quality of being infinite; infinity; greatness; immensity. Jer. Taylor.

In`fin*i*tes"i*mal (?), a. [Cf. F. infinitésimal, fr. infinitésime infinitely small, fr. L. infinitus. See Infinite, a.] Infinitely or indefinitely small; less than any assignable quantity or value; very small.

Infinitesimal calculus, the different and the integral calculus, when developed according to the method used by Leibnitz, who regarded the increments given to variables as infinitesimal.

In`fin*i*tes"i*mal, n. (Math.) An infinitely small quantity; that which is less than any assignable quantity.

In`fin*i*tes"i*mal*ly, adv. By infinitesimals; in infinitely small quantities; in an infinitesimal degree.

In*fin`i*ti"val (?), a. Pertaining to the infinite mood. "Infinitival stems." Fitzed. Hall.

In*fin"i*tive (?), n. [L. infinitivus: cf. F. infinitif. See Infinite.] Unlimited; not bounded or restricted; undefined.

Infinitive mood (Gram.), that form of the verb which merely names the action, and performs the office of a verbal noun. Some grammarians make two forms in English: (a) The simple form, as, speak, go, hear, before which to is commonly placed, as, to speak; to go; to hear. (b) The form of the imperfect participle, called the infinitive in -ing; as, going is as easy as standing.

With the auxiliary verbs may, can, must, might, could, would, and should, the simple infinitive is expressed without to; as, you may speak; they must hear, etc. The infinitive usually omits to with the verbs let, dare, do, bid, make, see, hear, need, etc.; as, let me go; you dare not tell; make him work; hear him talk, etc.

&fist; In Anglo-Saxon, the simple infinitive was not preceded by to (the sign of modern simple infinitive), but it had a dative form (sometimes called the gerundial infinitive) which was preceded by to, and was chiefly employed in expressing purpose. See Gerund, 2.

The gerundial ending (-anne) not only took the same form as the simple infinitive (-an), but it was confounded with the present participle in -ende, or -inde (later - inge).

In*fin"i*tive, n. (Gram.) An infinitive form of the verb; a verb in the infinitive mood; the infinitive mood.

In*fin"i*tive, adv. (Gram.) In the manner of an infinitive mood.

||In`fi*ni"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Infinite; perpetual, as a canon whose end leads back to the beginning. See Infinite, a., 5.

In*fin"i*tude (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being infinite, or without limits; infiniteness.

2. Infinite extent; unlimited space; immensity; infinity. "I am who fill infinitude." Milton.

As pleasing to the fancy, as speculations of eternity or infinitude are to the understanding.
Addison.

3. Boundless number; countless multitude. "An infinitude of distinctions." Addison.

In*fin"i*tu`ple (?), a. [Cf. Quadruple.] Multiplied an infinite number of times. [R.] Wollaston.

In*fin"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infinities (#). [L. infinitas; pref. in- not + finis boundary, limit, end: cf. F. infinité. See Finite.]

1. Unlimited extent of time, space, or quantity; eternity; boundlessness; immensity. Sir T. More.

There can not be more infinities than one; for one of them would limit the other.
Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Unlimited capacity, energy, excellence, or knowledge; as, the infinity of God and his perfections. Hooker.

3. Endless or indefinite number; great multitude; as an infinity of beauties. Broome.

4. (Math.) A quantity greater than any assignable quantity of the same kind.

&fist; Mathematically considered, infinity is always a limit of a variable quantity, resulting from a particular supposition made upon the varying element which enters it. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.).

5. (Geom.) That part of a line, or of a plane, or of space, which is infinitely distant. In modern geometry, parallel lines or planes are sometimes treated as lines or planes meeting at infinity.

Circle at infinity, an imaginary circle at infinity, through which, in geometry of three dimensions, every sphere is imagined to pass. -- Circular points at infinity. See under Circular.

In*firm" (&ibreve;n*f&etilde;rm"), a. [L. infirmus: cf. F. infirme. See In- not, and Firm, a.] 1. Not firm or sound; weak; feeble; as, an infirm body; an infirm constitution.

A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man.
Shak.

2. Weak of mind or will; irresolute; vacillating. "An infirm judgment." Burke.

Infirm of purpose!
Shak.

3. Not solid or stable; insecure; precarious.

He who fixes on false principles treads or infirm ground.
South.

Syn. -- Debilitated; sickly; feeble; decrepit; weak; enfeebled; irresolute; vacillating; imbecile.

In*firm", v. t. [L. infirmare : cf. F. infirmer.] To weaken; to enfeeble. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

In`fir*ma"ri*an (&ibreve;n`f&etilde;r*mā"r&ibreve;*an), n. A person dwelling in, or having charge of, an infirmary, esp. in a monastic institution.

In*firm"a*ry (&ibreve;n*f&etilde;rm"&adot;*r&ybreve;), n.; pl. Infirmaries (- r&ibreve;z). [Cf. OE. fermerie, OF. enfermerie, F. infirmerie, LL. infirmaria. See Infirm.] A hospital, or place where the infirm or sick are lodged and nursed gratuitously, or where out-patients are treated.

In*firm"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. infirmatif.] Weakening; annulling, or tending to make void. [Obs.]

In*firm"a*to*ry (?), n. An infirmary. [Obs.]

In*firm"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infirmities (#). [L. infirmitas : cf. F. infirmite. See Infirm, a.] 1. The state of being infirm; feebleness; an imperfection or weakness; esp., an unsound, unhealthy, or debilitated state; a disease; a malady; as, infirmity of body or mind.

'T is the infirmity of his age.
Shak.

2. A personal frailty or failing; foible; eccentricity; a weakness or defect.

Will you be cured of your infirmity ?
Shak.

A friend should bear his friend's infirmities.
Shak.

The house has also its infirmities.
Evelyn.

Syn. -- Debility; imbecility; weakness; feebleness; failing; foible; defect; disease; malady. See Debility.

In*firm"ly, adv. In an infirm manner.

In*firm"ness, n. Infirmity; feebleness. Boyle.

In*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infixing.] [L. infixus, p. p of infigere to infix; pref. in- in + figere to fix: cf. F. infixer. See Fix.] 1. To set; to fasten or fix by piercing or thrusting in; as, to infix a sting, spear, or dart. Shak.

The fatal dart a ready passage found,
And deep within her heart infixed the wound.
Dryden.

2. To implant or fix; to instill; to inculcate, as principles, thoughts, or instructions; as, to infix good principles in the mind, or ideas in the memory.

In"fix (?), n. Something infixed. [R.] Welsford.

In*flame" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inflaming.] [OE. enflamen, OF. enflamer, F. enflammer, L. inflammare, inflammatum; pref. in- in + flammare to flame, fr. flamma flame. See Flame.] 1. To set on fire; to kindle; to cause to burn, flame, or glow.

We should have made retreat
By light of the inflamed fleet.
Chapman.

2. Fig.: To kindle or intensify, as passion or appetite; to excite to an excessive or unnatural action or heat; as, to inflame desire.

Though more, it seems,
Inflamed with lust than rage.
Milton.

But, O inflame and fire our hearts.
Dryden.

3. To provoke to anger or rage; to exasperate; to irritate; to incense; to enrage.

It will inflame you; it will make you mad.
Shak.

4. (Med.) To put in a state of inflammation; to produce morbid heat, congestion, or swelling, of; as, to inflame the eyes by overwork.

5. To exaggerate; to enlarge upon. [Obs.]

A friend exaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy inflames his crimes.
Addison.

Syn. -- To provoke; fire; kindle; irritate; exasperate; incense; enrage; anger; excite; arouse.

In*flame", v. i. To grow morbidly hot, congested, or painful; to become angry or incensed. Wiseman.

In*flamed" (?), p. a. 1. Set on fire; enkindled; heated; congested; provoked; exasperated.

2. (Her.) Represented as burning, or as adorned with tongues of flame.

In*flam"er (?n-flām\'b6?r), n. The person or thing that inflames. Addison.

In*flam"ma*bil"l*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inflammabilite.] Susceptibility of taking fire readily; the state or quality of being inflammable.

In*flam"ma*ble (?), a. [CF. F. inflammable.] 1. Capable of being easily set fire; easily enkindled; combustible; as, inflammable oils or spirits.

2. Excitable; irritable; irascible; easily provoked; as, an inflammable temper.

Inflammable air, the old chemical name for hydrogen.

In*flam"ma*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inflammable; inflammability. Boyle.

In*flam"ma*bly (&ibreve;n*flăm"m&adot;*bl&ybreve;), adv. In an inflammable manner.

In*flam*ma"tion (&ibreve;n*flăm*mā"shŭn), n. [L. inflammatio: cf. F. inflammation. See Inflame.] 1. The act of inflaming, kindling, or setting on fire; also, the state of being inflamed. "The inflammation of fat." Wilkins.

2. (Med.) A morbid condition of any part of the body, consisting in congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.

3. Violent excitement; heat; passion; animosity; turbulence; as, an inflammation of the mind, of the body politic, or of parties. Hooker.

In*flam"ma*tive (?), a. Inflammatory.

In*flam"ma*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. inflammatoire.] 1. Tending to inflame, kindle, or irritate.

2. Tending to excite anger, animosity, tumult, or sedition; seditious; as, inflammatory libels, writings, speeches, or publications. Burke.

3. (Med.) Accompanied with, or tending to cause, preternatural heat and excitement of arterial action; as, an inflammatory disease.

Inflammatory crust. (Med.) Same as Buffy coat, under Buffy. -- Inflammatory fever, a variety of fever due to inflammation.

In*flat"a*ble (?), a. That may be inflated.

In*flate" (?), p. a. [L. inflatus, p. p. of inflare to inflate; pref. in- in + flare to blow. See Blow to puff wind.] Blown in; inflated. Chaucer.

In*flate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflated; p. pr. & vb. n. Inflating.] 1. To swell or distend with air or gas; to dilate; to expand; to enlarge; as, to inflate a bladder; to inflate the lungs.

When passion's tumults in the bosom rise,
Inflate the features, and enrage the eyes.
J. Scott of Amwell.

2. Fig.: To swell; to puff up; to elate; as, to inflate one with pride or vanity.

Inflate themselves with some insane delight.
Tennyson.

3. To cause to become unduly expanded or increased; as, to inflate the currency.

In*flate", v. i. To expand; to fill; to distend.

In*flat"ed (?), a. 1. Filled, as with air or gas; blown up; distended; as, a balloon inflated with gas.

2. Turgid; swelling; puffed up; bombastic; pompous; as, an inflated style.

Inflated and astrut with self- conceit.
Cowper.

3. (Bot.) Hollow and distended, as a perianth, corolla, nectary, or pericarp. Martyn.

4. Distended or enlarged fictitiously; as, inflated prices, etc.

In*flat"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inflates; as, the inflaters of the stock exchange.

In*flat"ing*ly, adv. In a manner tending to inflate.

In*fla"tion (?), n. [L. inflatio: cf. F. inflation.] 1. The act or process of inflating, or the state of being inflated, as with air or gas; distention; expansion; enlargement. Boyle.

2. The state of being puffed up, as with pride; conceit; vanity. B. Jonson.

3. Undue expansion or increase, from overissue; -- said of currency. [U.S.]

In*fla"tion*ist, n. One who favors an increased or very large issue of paper money. [U.S.]

||In*fla"tus (?), n. [L. See Inflate, v. t.] A blowing or breathing into; inflation; inspiration.

The divine breath that blows the nostrils out
To ineffable inflatus.
Mrs. Browning.

In*flect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Inflecting.] [L. inflectere, inflexum; pref. in- in + flectere to bend. See Flexible, and cf. Inflex.] 1. To turn from a direct line or course; to bend; to incline, to deflect; to curve; to bow.

Are they [the rays of the sun] not reflected, refracted, and inflected by one and the same principle ?
Sir I. Newton.

2. (Gram.) To vary, as a noun or a verb in its terminations; to decline, as a noun or adjective, or to conjugate, as a verb.

3. To modulate, as the voice.

In*flect"ed, a. 1. Bent; turned; deflected.

2. (Gram.) Having inflections; capable of, or subject to, inflection; inflective.

Inflected cycloid (Geom.), a prolate cycloid. See Cycloid.

In*flec"tion (?), n. [L. inflexio : cf. F. inflexion. See Inflect.] [Written also inflecxion.] 1. The act of inflecting, or the state of being inflected.

2. A bend; a fold; a curve; a turn; a twist.

3. A slide, modulation, or accent of the voice; as, the rising and the falling inflection.

4. (Gram.) The variation or change which words undergo to mark case, gender, number, comparison, tense, person, mood, voice, etc.

5. (Mus.) (a) Any change or modification in the pitch or tone of the voice. (b) A departure from the monotone, or reciting note, in chanting.

6. (Opt.) Same as Diffraction.

Point of inflection (Geom.), the point on opposite sides of which a curve bends in contrary ways.

In*flec"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to inflection; having, or characterized by, inflection. Max Müller.

In*flect"ive (?), a. 1. Capable of, or pertaining to, inflection; deflecting; as, the inflective quality of the air. Derham.

2. (Gram.) Inflectional; characterized by variation, or change in form, to mark case, tense, etc.; subject to inflection.

Inflective language (Philol.), a language like the Greek or Latin, consisting largely of stems with variable terminations or suffixes which were once independent words. English is both agglutinative, as, manlike, headache, and inflective, as, he, his, him. Cf. Agglutinative.

In*flesh" (?), v. t. To incarnate.

In*flex" (?), v. t. [Cf. Flex, Inflect.] To bend; to cause to become curved; to make crooked; to deflect. J. Philips.

In*flexed" (?), a. 1. Turned; bent. Feltham.

2. (Bot.) Bent or turned abruptly inwards, or toward the axis, as the petals of a flower.

In*flex"i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inflexibilité.] The quality or state of being inflexible, or not capable of being bent or changed; unyielding stiffness; inflexibleness; rigidity; firmness of will or purpose; unbending pertinacity; steadfastness; resoluteness; unchangeableness; obstinacy.

The inflexibility of mechanism.
A. Baxter.

That grave inflexibility of soul.
Churchill.

The purity and inflexibility of their faith.
T. Warton.

In*flex"i*ble (?), a. [L. inflexiblis: cf. F. inflexible. See In- not, and Flexible.] 1. Not capable of being bent; stiff; rigid; firm; unyielding.

2. Firm in will or purpose; not to be turned, changed, or altered; resolute; determined; unyieding; inexorable; stubborn.

"Inflexibleas steel."
Miltom.

A man of upright and inflexible temper . . . can overcome all private fear.
Addison.

3. Incapable of change; unalterable; immutable.

The nature of things is inflexible.
I. Watts.

Syn. -- -- Unbending; unyielding; rigid; inexorable; pertinacious; obstinate; stubborn; unrelenting.

In*flex"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inflexible; inflexibility; rigidity; firmness.

In*flex"i*bly, adv. In an inflexible manner.

In*flex"ion (?), n. Inflection.

In*flex"ive (?), a. 1. Inflective.

"Inflexive endings."
W. E. Jelf.

2. Inflexible. [R.] "Foes inflexive." Chapman.

In*flex"ure (?), n. An inflection; a bend or fold. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

In*flict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inflicting.] [L. inflictus, p. p. of infligere to strike on, to inflict; pref. in- in, on + fligere to strike. Cf. Flail.] To give, cause, or produce by striking, or as if by striking; to apply forcibly; to lay or impose; to send; to cause to bear, feel, or suffer; as, to inflict blows; to inflict a wound with a dagger; to inflict severe pain by ingratitude; to inflict punishment on an offender; to inflict the penalty of death on a criminal.

What heart could wish, what hand inflict, this dire disgrace?
Drygen.

The persecution and the pain
That man inflicts on all inferior kinds.
Cowper.

In*flict"er (?), n. One who inflicts.

God is the sole and immediate inflicter of such strokes.
South.

In*flic"tion (?), n. [L. inflictio: cf. F. infliction.] 1. The act of inflicting or imposing; as, the infliction of torment, or of punishment.

2. That which is inflicted or imposed, as punishment, disgrace, calamity, etc.

His severest inflictions are in themselves acts of justice and righteousness.
Rogers.

In*flict"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. inflictif.] Causing infliction; acting as an infliction. Whitehead.

In`flo*res"cence (?), n. [L. inflorescens, p. pr. of inflorescere to begin to blossom; pref. in- in + florescere to begin to blossom: cf. F. inflorescence. See Florescent.] 1. A flowering; the putting forth and unfolding of blossoms.

2. (Bot.) (a) The mode of flowering, or the general arrangement and disposition of the flowers with reference to the axis, and to each other. (b) An axis on which all the buds are flower buds.

Inflorescence affords an excellent characteristic mark in distinguishing the species of plants.
Milne.

Centrifugal inflorescence, determinate inflorescence. -- Centripetal inflorescence, indeterminate inflorescence. See under Determinate, and Indeterminate.

In*flow" (?), v. i. To flow in. Wiseman.

In"flu*ence (&ibreve;n"fl&usl;*ens), n. [F. influence, fr. L. influens, -entis, p. pr. See Influent, and cf. Influenza.] 1. A flowing in or upon; influx. [Obs.]

God hath his influence into the very essence of all things.
Hooker.

2. Hence, in general, the bringing about of an effect, physical or moral, by a gradual process; controlling power quietly exerted; agency, force, or tendency of any kind which affects, modifies, or sways; as, the influence which the sun exerts on animal and vegetable life; the influence of education on the mind; the influence, according to astrologers, of the stars over affairs.

Astrologers call the evil influences of the stars, evil aspects.
Bacon.

Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?
Job xxxviii. 31.

She said : "Ah, dearest lord! what evil star
On you hath frown'd, and poured, his influence bad?"
Spenser.

3. Power or authority arising from elevated station, excelence of character or intellect, wealth, etc.; reputation; acknowledged ascendency; as, he is a man of influence in the community.

Such influence hath your excellency.
Sir P. Sidney.

4. (Elec.) Induction.

Syn. -- Control; persuasion; ascendency; sway; power; authority; supremacy; mastery; management; restraint; character; reputation; prestige.

In"flu*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Influenced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Influencing (?).] To control or move by power, physical or moral; to affect by gentle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway; to move; to persuade; to induce.

These experiments succeed after the same manner in vacuo as in the open air, and therefore are not influenced by the weight or pressure of the atmosphere.
Sir I. Newton.

This standing revelation . . . is sufficient to influence their faith and practice, if they attend.
Attebury.

The principle which influenced their obedience has lost its efficacy.
Rogers.

In"flu*en*cer (&ibreve;n"fl&usl;*en*s&etilde;r), n. One who, or that which, influences.

In"flu*en*cive (-s&ibreve;v), a. Tending to influence; influential.

In"flu*ent (-ent), a. [L. influens, -entis, p. pr. of influere, influxum, to flow in; pref. in- in + fluere to flow. See Fluid.] 1. Flowing in. "With influent tide." Cowper. "Influent odors." Mrs. Browning.

2. Exerting influence; influential. [Obs.]

I find no office by name assigned unto Dr. Cox, who was virtually influent upon all, and most active.
Fuller.

In`flu*en"tial (&ibreve;n`fl&usl;*&ebreve;n"shal), a. [See Influence.] Exerting or possessing influence or power; potent; efficacious; effective; strong; having authority or ascendency; as, an influential man, station, argument, etc.

A very influential Gascon prefix.
Earle.

In`flu*en"tial*ly, adv. In an influential manner.

In`flu*en"za (?), n. [It. influenza influence, an epidemic formerly attributed by astrologers to the influence of the heavenly bodies, influenza. See Influence.] (Med.) An epidemic affection characterized by acute nasal catarrh, or by inflammation of the throat or the bronchi, and usually accompanied by fever.

In"flux` (?), n. [L. influxus, fr. influere, influxum, to flow in: cf. F. influx. See Influent.] 1. The act of flowing in; as, an influx of light.

2. A coming in; infusion; intromission; introduction; importation in abundance; also, that which flows or comes in; as, a great influx of goods into a country, or an influx of gold and silver.

The influx of food into the Celtic region, however, was far from keeping pace with the influx of consumers.
Macaulau.

The general influx of Greek into modern languages.
Earle.

3. Influence; power. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

In*flux"ion (?), n. [L. influxio : cf. F. influxion.] A flowing in; infusion. [R.] Bacon.

In*flux"ious (?), a. Influential. [Obs.]

In*flux"ive (?), a. Having a tendency to flow in; having influence; influential. [R.] Holdsworth.

In*flux"ive*ly, adv. By influxion. [R.]

In*fold" (?n-f?ld\'b6), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infolded; p. pr. & vb. n. Infolding.] [Pref. in- in + fold.] [Written also enfold.] 1. To wrap up or cover with folds; to envelop; to inwrap; to inclose; to involve.

Gilded tombs do worms infold.
Shak.

Infold his limbs in bands.
Blackmore.

2. To clasp with the arms; to embrace.

Noble Banquo, . . . let me infold thee,
And hold thee to my heart.
Shak.

In*fold"ment (?), n. The act of infolding; the state of being infolded.

In*fo"li*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + L. folium leaf.] To cover or overspread with, or as with, leaves. [R.] Howell.

In*form" (?), a. [L. informis; pref. in- not + forma form, shape: cf. F. informe] Without regular form; shapeless; ugly; deformed. Cotton.

In*form", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Informed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Informing.] [OE. enformen, OF. enformer, F. informer. L. informare; pref. in- in + formare to form, share, fr. forma form. See Form.] 1. To give form or share to; to give vital or organizing power to; to give life to; to imbue and actuate with vitality; to animate; to mold; to figure; to fashion. "The informing Word." Coleridge.

Let others better mold the running mass
Of metals, and inform the breathing brass.
Dryden.

Breath informs this fleeting frame.
Prior.

Breathes in our soul, informs our mortal part.
Pope.

2. To communicate knowledge to; to make known to; to acquaint; to advise; to instruct; to tell; to notify; to enlighten; -- usually followed by of.

For he would learn their business secretly,
And then inform his master hastily.
Spenser.

I am informed thoroughly of the cause.
Shak.

3. To communicate a knowledge of facts to, by way of accusation; to warn against anybody.

Tertullus . . . informed the governor against Paul.
Acts xxiv. 1.

Syn. -- To acquaint; apprise; tell; teach; instruct; enlighten; animate; fashion.

In*form", v. t. 1. To take form; to become visible or manifest; to appear. [Obs.]

It is the bloody business which informs
Thus to mine eyes.
Shak.

2. To give intelligence or information; to tell. Shak.

He might either teach in the same manner, or inform how he had been taught.
Monthly Rev.

To inform against, to communicate facts by way of accusation against; to denounce; as, two persons came to the magistrate, and informed against A.

In*form"al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + formal.] 1. Not in the regular, usual, or established form; not according to official, conventional, prescribed, or customary forms or rules; irregular; hence, without ceremony; as, an informal writing, proceeding, or visit.

2. Deranged in mind; out of one's senses. [Obs.]

These poor informal women.
Shak.

In`for*mal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Informalities (&?;). 1. The state of being informal; want of regular, prescribed, or customary form; as, the informality of legal proceedings.

2. An informal, unconventional, or unofficial act or proceeding; something which is not in proper or prescribed form or does not conform to the established rule.

In*form"al*ly (?), adv. In an informal manner.

In*form"ant (?), n. [L. informans, -antis, p. pr. of informare. See Inform, v. t.] 1. One who, or that which, informs, animates, or vivifies. [Obs.] Glanvill.

2. One who imparts information or instruction.

3. One who offers an accusation; an informer. See Informer. [Obs. or R.]

It was the last evidence of the kind; the informant
was hanged.
Burke.

In`for*ma"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. informatio representation, conception. See Inform, v. t.] 1. The act of informing, or communicating knowledge or intelligence.

The active informations of the intellect.
South.

2. News, advice, or knowledge, communicated by others or obtained by personal study and investigation; intelligence; knowledge derived from reading, observation, or instruction.

Larger opportunities of information.
Rogers.

He should get some information in the subject he intends to handle.
Swift.

3. (Law) A proceeding in the nature of a prosecution for some offense against the government, instituted and prosecuted, really or nominally, by some authorized public officer on behalf of the government. It differs from an indictment in criminal cases chiefly in not being based on the finding of a grand jury. See Indictment.

In*form"a*tive (?), a. Having power to inform, animate, or vivify. Dr. H. More.

In*form"a*to*ry (?), a. Full of, or conveying, information; instructive. [R.] London Spectator.

In*formed" (?n-f?rmd\'b6), a. Unformed or ill-formed; deformed; shapeless. [Obs.] Spenser.

Informed stars. See under Unformed.

In*form"er (?), n. [From Inform, v.] 1. One who informs, animates, or inspires. [Obs.] Thomson.

Nature, informer of the poet's art.
Pope.

2. One who informs, or imparts knowledge or news.

3. (Law) One who informs a magistrate of violations of law; one who informs against another for violation of some law or penal statute.

Common informer (Law), one who habitually gives information of the violation of penal statutes, with a view to a prosecution therefor. Bouvier. Wharton.

In*for"mi*da*ble (?), a. [L. informidabilis. See In- not, and Formidable.] Not formidable; not to be feared or dreaded. [Obs.] "Foe not informidable." Milton.

In*form"i*ty (?), n. [L. informitas. See Inform, a.] Want of regular form; shapelessness. [Obs.]

In*form"ous (?), a. [See Inform, a.] Of irregular form; shapeless. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In*for"tu*nate (?), a. [L. infortunatus.] Unlucky; unfortunate. [Obs.] Shak.

"A most infortunate chance."
Howell.

-- In*for"tu*nate*ly, adv. [Obs.]

In*for"tune (?), n. [L. infortunium. See In- not, and Fortune.] Misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer.

In*for"tuned (?), a. Unfortunate. [Obs.]

I, woeful wretch and infortuned wight.
Chaucer.

In*found" (?), v. t. [L. infundere to pour in. See Infuse.] To pour in; to infuse. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

||In*"fra (?), adv. [L. Cf. Inferior.] Below; beneath; under; after; -- often used as a prefix.

In`fra-ax"il*la*ry (?), a. [Infra + axillary.] (Bot.) Situated below the axil, as a bud.

In`fra*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Infra + branchial.] (Zoöl.) Below the gills; -- applied to the ventral portion of the pallial chamber in the lamellibranchs.

In`fra*cla*vic"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + clavicular.] (Anat.) Below the clavicle; as, the infraclavicular fossa.

In*fract" (?n-fr&fist;kt\'b6), a. [L. infractus; pref. in- not + fractus. p. p. of frangere to break.] Not broken or fractured; unharmed; whole. [Obs.] Chapman.

In*fract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Infracting.] [L. infractus, p. p. of of infringere. See Infringe.] To break; to infringe. [R.] Thomson.

In*fract"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being broken.[R.]

In*frac"tion (?), n. [L. infractio: cf. F. infraction.] The act of infracting or breaking; breach; violation; nonobservance; infringement; as, an infraction of a treaty, compact, rule, or law. I. Watts.

In*fract"or (?), n. [Cf. F. infracteur.] One who infracts or infringes; a violator; a breaker.

In*fra"grant (?), a. Not fragrant.

In`fra*hy"oid (?), a. [Infra + hyoid.] (Anat.) Same as Hyosternal (a).

In`fra*la"bi*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Below the lower lip; -- said of certain scales of reptiles and fishes.

In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an (?), n. [Infra + lapse: cf. F. infralapsaire. See Lapse.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of that class of Calvinists who consider the decree of election as contemplating the apostasy as past and the elect as being at the time of election in a fallen and guilty state; -- opposed to Supralapsarian. The former considered the election of grace as a remedy for an existing evil; the latter regarded the fall as a part of God's original purpose in regard to men.

In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an, a. (Theol.) Of or pertaining to the Infralapsarians, or to their doctrine.

In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism (?), n. (Theor.) The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Infralapsarians.

In`fra*mar"gin*al (?), a. [Infra + marginal.] Below the margin; submarginal; as, an inframarginal convolution of the brain.

In`fra*max"il*la*ry (?), a. [Infra + maxillary.] (Anat.) (a) Under the lower jaw; submaxillary; as, the inframaxillary nerve. (b) Of or pertaining to the lower iaw.

In`fra*me"di*an (?), a. [Infra + median.] (Zoölogical Geog.) Of or pertaining to the interval or zone along the sea bottom, at the depth of between fifty and one hundred fathoms. E. Forbes.

In`fra*mun"dane (?), a. [Infra + mundane.] Lying or situated beneath the world.

In*fran"chise (?), v. t. See Enfranchise.

In*fran`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being infrangible; infrangibleness.

In*fran"gi*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + grangible: cf. F. infrangible.] 1. Not capable of being broken or separated into parts; as, infrangible atoms.

[He] link'd their fetlocks with a golden band
Infrangible.
Pope.

2. Not to be infringed or violated.

In*fran"gi*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being infrangible; infrangibility.

In`fra*oc"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + ocular.] (Zoöl.) Situated below the eyes, as the antenna of certain insects.

In`fra*or"bit*al (?), a. [Infra + orbital.] (Anat.) Below the orbit; as, the infraorbital foramen; the infraorbital nerve.

In`fra*pose" (?), v. t. [Infra + pose.] To place under or beneath. [R.]

In`fra*po*si"tion (?), n. [Infra + position.] A situation or position beneath. Kane.

In`fra*scap"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + scapular.] (Anat.) Beneath the scapula, or shoulder blade; subscapular.

In`fra*spi"nal (?), a. [Infra + spinal.] (Anat.) (a) Below the vertebral column, subvertebral. (b) Below the spine; infraspinate; infraspinous.

{ In`fra*spi"nate (?), In`fra*spi*nous (?), } a. [Infra + spinate, spinous.] (Anat.) Below the spine; infraspinal; esp., below the spine of the scapula; as, the infraspinous fossa; the infraspinate muscle.

In`fra*sta*pe"di*al (?), a. [Infra + stapedial.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which in many animals projects below the connection with the stapes. -- n. The infrastapedial part of the columella.

In`fra*ster"nal (?), a. [Infra + sternal.] (Anat.) Below the sternum; as, the infrasternal depression, or pit of the stomach.

In`fra*tem"po*ral (?), a. [Infra + temporal.] (Anat.) Below the temple; below the temporal bone.

In`fra*ter"ri*to"ri*al (?), a. [Infra + territorial.] Within the territory of a state. Story.

In`fra*troch"le*ar (?), a. [Infra + trochlear.] (Anat.) Below a trochlea, or pulley; -- applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve.

{ In*fre"quence (?), In*fre"quen*cy (?), } n. [L. infrequentia scantiness : cf. F. infrequence.] 1. The state of rarely occuring; uncommonness; rareness; as, the infrequence of his visits.

2. The state of not being frequented; solitude; isolation; retirement; seclusion. [R.]

The solitude and infrequency of the place.
Bp. Hall.

In*fre"quent (?), a. [L. infrequens : cf. F. infrequent. See In- not, and Frequent.] Seldom happening or occurring; rare; uncommon; unusual.

The act whereof is at this day infrequent or out of use
among all sorts of men.
Sir T. Elyot.

In*fre"quent*ly (?), adv. Not frequently; rarely.

In*frig"i*date (?), v. t. [L. infrigidatus, p. p. of infrigidare to chill. See 1st In-, and Frigid.] To chill; to make cold; to cool. [Obs.] Boyle.

In*frig`i*da"tion (?), n. [L. infrigidatio.] The act of chilling or causing to become cold; a chilling; coldness; congelation. [Obs.] Boyle.

In*fringe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infringing (?).] [L. infringere; pref. in- in + frangere to break. See Fraction, and cf. Infract .] 1. To break; to violate; to transgress; to neglect to fulfill or obey; as, to infringe a law or contract.

If the first that did the edict infringe,
Had answered for his deed.
Shak.

The peace . . . was infringed by Appius Claudius.
Golding.

2. To hinder; to destroy; as, to infringe efficacy; to infringe delight or power. [Obs.] Hooker.

In*fringe", v. i. 1. To break, violate, or transgress some contract, rule, or law; to injure; to offend.

2. To encroach; to trespass; -- followed by on or upon; as, to infringe upon the rights of another.

In*fringe"ment (?), n. 1. The act of infringing; breach; violation; nonfulfillment; as, the infringement of a treaty, compact, law, or constitution.

The punishing of this infringement is proper to that
jurisdiction against which the contempt is.
Clarendon.

2. An encroachment on a patent, copyright, or other special privilege; a trespass.

In*frin"ger (?), n. One who infringes or violates; a violator. Strype.

In*fruc"tu*ose" (?), a. [L. infructuosus. See In- not, and Fruit.] Not producing fruit; unfruitful; unprofitable. [R.] T. Adams.

In*fru"gal (?), a. Not frugal; wasteful; as, an infrugal expense of time. J. Goodman.

In`fru*gif"er*ous (?), a. Not bearing fruit; not fructiferous.

In`fu*cate (?), v. t. [L. infucatus painted; pref. in- in + fucare to paint, dye. See Fucate.] To stain; to paint; to daub.

In`fu*ca"tion (?), n. The act of painting or staining, especially of painting the face.

||In"fu*la (?), n.; pl. Infule (#). [L.] A sort of fillet worn by dignitaries, priests, and others among the ancient Romans. It was generally white.

In"fu*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infumated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infumating.] [L. infumatus, p. p. of infumare to infumate; pref. in- in + fumare to smoke, fr. fumus smoke.] To dry by exposing to smoke; to expose to smoke.

In"fu*ma`ted (?), a. (Zoöl.) Clouded; having a cloudy appearance.

In`fu*ma"tion (?), n. Act of drying in smoke.

In*fumed" (?), a. Dried in smoke; smoked.

{ In`fun*dib"u*lar (?), In`fun*dib"u*late (?), } a. [See Infundibulum.] Having the form of a funnel; pertaining to an infundibulum.

Infundibulate Bryozoa (Zoöl.), a group of marine Bryozoa having a circular arrangement of the tentacles upon the disk.

In`fun*dib"u*li*form (?), a. [L. infundibulum funnel + -form: cf. F. infundibuliforme.] 1. Having the form of a funnel or cone; funnel-shaped.

2. (Bot.) Same as Funnelform.

||In`fun*dib"u*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Infundibula (#), E. Infundibulums (#). [L., a funnel, from infundere to pour in or into. See Infuse.] 1. (Anat.) A funnel-shaped or dilated organ or part; as, the infundibulum of the brain, a hollow, conical process, connecting the floor of the third ventricle with the pituitary body; the infundibula of the lungs, the enlarged terminations of the bronchial tubes.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A central cavity in the Ctenophora, into which the gastric sac leads. (b) The siphon of Cephalopoda. See Cephalopoda.

In*fu"ner*al (?), v. t. To inter with funeral rites; to bury. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

In`fur*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- in + L. furca fork.] A forked expansion or divergence; a bifurcation; a branching. Craig.

In*fu"ri*ate (?), a. [It. infuriato, p. p. of infuriare. See Infuriate, v. t.] Enraged; raging; furiously angry; infuriated. Milton.

Inflamed beyond the most infuriate wrath.
Thomson.

In*fu"ri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infuriated (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Infuriating] [It. infuriato, p. p. of infuriare; pref. in- (L. in) + furia fury, L. furia. See Fury.] To render furious; to enrage; to exasperate.

Those curls of entangled snakes with which Erinys is said to have infuriated Athemas and Ino.
Dr. H. More.

In*fu"ri*a`ted (?), a. Enraged; furious.

In*fus"cate (?), v. t. [L. infuscatus, p. p. of infuscare; pref. in- in + fuscare to make dark, fr. fuscus dark.] To darken; to make black; to obscure.

In*fus"ca*ted (?), a. (Zoöl.) Darkened with a blackish tinge.

In`fus*ca"tion (?), n. The act of darkening, or state of being dark; darkness; obscurity. Johnson.

In*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infusing.] [L. infusus, p. p. of infundere to pour in or into; pref. in- in + fundere to pour: cf. F. infuser. See Found to cast.] 1. To pour in, as a liquid; to pour (into or upon); to shed.

That strong Circean liquor cease to infuse.
Denham.

2. To instill, as principles or qualities; to introduce.

That souls of animals infuse themselves Into the trunks of men.
Shak.

Why should he desire to have qualities infused into his son which himself never possessed?
Swift.

3. To inspire; to inspirit or animate; to fill; -- followed by with.

Infuse his breast with magnanimity.
Shak.

Infusing him with self and vain conceit.
Shak.

4. To steep in water or other fluid without boiling, for the propose of extracting medicinal qualities; to soak.

One scruple of dried leaves is infused in ten ounces of warm water.
Coxe.

5. To make an infusion with, as an ingredient; to tincture; to saturate. [R.] Bacon.

In*fuse, n. Infusion. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*fus"er (?), n. One who, or that which, infuses.

In*fu`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From Infuse.] Capability of being infused, poured in, or instilled.

In*fu`si*bil"i*ty, n. [Pref. in- not + fusibility: cf. F. infusibilité.] Incapability or difficulty of being fused, melted, or dissolved; as, the infusibility of carbon.

In*fu"si*ble (?), a. [From Infuse, v.] Capable of being infused.

Doctrines being infusible into all.
Hammond.

In*fu"si*ble, a. [Pref. in- not + fusible: cf. F. infusible.] Not fusible; incapable or difficult of fusion, or of being dissolved or melted. Sir T. Browne.

The best crucibles are made of Limoges earth, which seems absolutely infusible.
Lavoisier (Trans. ).

In*fu"si*ble*ness, n. Infusibility.

In*fu"sion (?), n. [L. infusio a pouring in: cf. F. infusion. See Infuse, v. t.] 1. The act of infusing, pouring in, or instilling; instillation; as, the infusion of good principles into the mind; the infusion of ardor or zeal.

Our language has received innumerable elegancies and improvements from that infusion of Hebraisms.
Addison.

2. That which is infused; suggestion; inspiration.

His folly and his wisdom are of his own growth, not the echo or infusion of other men.
Swift.

3. The act of plunging or dipping into a fluid; immersion. [Obs.] "Baptism by infusion." Jortin.

4. (Pharmacy) (a) The act or process of steeping or soaking any substance in water in order to extract its virtues. (b) The liquid extract obtained by this process.

Sips meek infusion of a milder herb.
Cowper.

In*fu"sion*ism (?), n. The doctrine that the soul is preexistent to the body, and is infused into it at conception or birth; -- opposed to traducianism and creationism.

In*fu"sive (?), a. Having the power of infusion; inspiring; influencing.

The infusive force of Spirit on man.
Thomson.

||In`fu*so"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.; -- so called because found in infusions which are left exposed to the air for a time. See Infuse.] (Zoöl.) One of the classes of Protozoa, including a large number of species, all of minute size.

&fist; They are found in all seas, lakes, ponds, and streams, as well as in infusions of organic matter exposed to the air. They are distinguished by having vibrating lashes or cilia, with which they obtain their food and swim about. They are devided into the orders Flagellata, Ciliata, and Tentaculifera. See these words in the Vocabulary.

Formely the term Infusoria was applied to all microscopic organisms found in water, including many minute plants, belonging to the diatoms, as well as minute animals belonging to various classes, as the Rotifera, which are worms; and the Rhizopoda, which constitute a distinct class of Protozoa. Fossil Infusoria are mostly the siliceous shells of diatoms; sometimes they are siliceous skeletons of Radiolaria, or the calcareous shells of Foraminifera.

In`fu*so"ri*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Belonging to the Infusoria; composed of, or containing, Infusoria; as, infusorial earth.

Infusorial earth (Geol.), a deposit of fine, usually white, siliceous material, composed mainly of the shells of the microscopic plants called diatoms. It is used in polishing powder, and in the manufacture of dynamite.

In`fu*so"ri*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Infusoria.

In*fu"so*ry (?), a. (Zoöl.) Infusorial.

In*fu"so*ry (?), n.; pl. Infusories (&?;). (Zoöl.) One of the Infusoria; -- usually in the pl.

-ing (?). 1. [For OE. -and, - end, -ind, AS. -ende; akin to Goth. -and-, L. -ant-, -ent-, Gr. &?;.] A suffix used to from present participles; as, singing, playing.

2. [OE. -ing, AS. -ing, - ung.] A suffix used to form nouns from verbs, and signifying the act of; the result of the act; as, riding, dying, feeling. It has also a secondary collective force; as, shipping, clothing.

&fist; The Old English ending of the present participle and verbal noun became confused, both becoming -ing.

3. [AS. -ing.] A suffix formerly used to form diminutives; as, lording, farthing.

Ing (?), n. [AS. ing.] A pasture or meadow; generally one lying low, near a river. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

In`gan*na"tion (?), n. [LL. ingannare to decieve.] Cheat; deception. [Obs.] Sir T. Brown.

In"gate` (&?;), n. 1. Entrance; ingress. [Obs.]

Which hath in charge the ingate of the year.
Spenser.

2. (Founding) The aperture in a mold for pouring in the metal; the gate. Simmonds.

In"gath`er*ing (?), n. The act or business of gathering or collecting anything; especially, the gathering of the fruits of the earth; harvest.

Thou shalt keep . . . the feast of ingathering.
Ex. xxii. 16.

In*gel"a*ble (?), a. Not congealable.

In*gem"i*nate (?), a. [L. ingeminatus, p. p.] Redoubled; repeated. Jer. Taylor.

In*gem"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingeminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingeminating (?).] [L. ingeminatus, p. p. of ingeminare to double; pref. in- in + geminare. See Geminate.] To redouble or repeat; to reiterate. Clarendon.

. . . She yet ingeminates
The last of sounds, and what she hears relates.
Sandys.

In*gem`i*na"tion (?), n. Repetition; reduplication; reiteration. De Quincey.

That Sacred ingemination, Amen, Amen.
Featley.

Happiness with an echo or ingemination.
Holdsworth.

||In*ge"na (?), n. (Zoöl.) The gorilla.

In*gen"der (?), v. t. See Engender.

In*gen`er*a*bil"l*ty (?), n. Incapacity of being engendered or produced. Cudworth.

In*gen"er*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + generable: cf. F. ingenerable.] Incapable of being engendered or produced; original. Holland.

In*gen"er*a*bly, adv. In an ingenerable manner.

In*gen"er*ate (?), a. [L. ingeneratus, p. p. of ingenerare. See engender] Generated within; inborn; innate; as, ingenerate powers of body. W. Wotton.

Those virtues were rather feigned and affected . . . than true qualities ingenerate in his judgment.
Bacon.

In*gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingenerat (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingenerating (?).] To generate or produce within; to beget; to engender; to occasion; to cause. Mede.

Those noble habits are ingenerated in the soul.
Sir M. Hale.

In*gen`er*a"tion (?), n. Act of ingenerating.

In*ge"ni*ate (?), v. t. & i. [See Ingenious.] To invent; to contrive. [Obs.] Daniel.

In"ge*nie (?), n. [Obs.] See Ingeny.

In*ge`ni*os"i*ty (?), n. [LL. ingeniositas.] Ingenuity; skill; cunning. [Obs.] Cudworth.

In*gen"ious (?), a. [L. ingeniosus, fr. ingenium innate or natural quality, natural capacity, genius: cf. F. ingénieux. See Engine.] 1. Possessed of genius, or the faculty of invention; skillful or promp to invent; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new combinations; as, an ingenious author, mechanic.

A man . . . very wise and ingenious in feats of war.
Hakluyt.

Thou, king, send out
For torturers ingenious.
Shak.

The more ingenious men are, the more apt are they to trouble themselves.
Sir W. Temple.

2. Proceeding from, pertaining to, or characterized by, genius or ingenuity; of curious design, structure, or mechanism; as, an ingenious model, or machine; an ingenious scheme, contrivance, etc.

Thus men go wrong with an ingenious skill.
Cowper.

3. Witty; shrewd; adroit; keen; sagacious; as, an ingenious reply.

4. Mental; intellectual. [Obs.]

A course of learning and ingenious studies.
Shak.

In*gen"ious*ly (?), adv. In an ingenious manner; with ingenuity; skillfully; wittily; cleverly.

"Too ingeniously politic."
Sir W. Temple.

In*gen"ious*ness, n. The quality or state of being ingenious; ingenuity.

{ In*gen"ite, In*gen"it } (?), a. [L. ingenitus, p. p. of ingignere to instill by birth or nature; pref. in- + gignere to beget.] Innate; inborn; inbred; inherent; native; ingenerate. [Obs.]

It is natural or ingenite, which comes by some defect of the organs and overmuch brain.
Burton.

In`ge*nu"i*ty (?), n. [L. ingenuitas ingenuousness: cf. F. ingénuité. See Ingenuous.] 1. The quality or power of ready invention; quickness or acuteness in forming new combinations; ingeniousness; skill in devising or combining.

All the means which human ingenuity has contrived.
Blair.

2. Curiousness, or cleverness in design or contrivance; as, the ingenuity of a plan, or of mechanism.

He gives . . .
To artist ingenuity and skill.
Cowper.

3. Openness of heart; ingenuousness. [Obs.]

The stings and remorses of natural ingenuity, a principle that men scarcely ever shake off, as long as they carry anything of human nature about them.
South.

Syn. -- Inventiveness; ingeniousness; skill; cunning; cleverness; genius. -- Ingenuity, Cleverness. Ingenuity is a form of genius, and cleverness of talent. The former implies invention, the letter a peculiar dexterity and readiness of execution. Sir James Mackintosh remarks that the English overdo in the use of the word clever and cleverness, applying them loosely to almost every form of intellectual ability.

In*gen"u*ous (?), a. [L. ingenuus inborn, innate, freeborn, noble, frank; pref. in- in + the root of gignere to beget. See Genius, and cf. Ingenious.] 1. Of honorable extraction; freeborn; noble; as, ingenuous blood of birth.

2. Noble; generous; magnanimous; honorable; upright; high-minded; as, an ingenuous ardor or zeal.

If an ingenuous detestation of falsehood be but carefully and early instilled, that is the true and genuine method to obviate dishonesty.
Locke.

3. Free from reserve, disguise, equivocation, or dissimulation; open; frank; as, an ingenuous man; an ingenuous declaration, confession, etc.

Sensible in myself . . . what a burden it is for me, who would be ingenuous, to be loaded with courtesies which he hath not the least hope to requite or deserve.
Fuller.

4. Ingenious. [Obs.] Shak.

&fist; (Formerly) printers did not discriminate between . . . ingenuous and ingenious, and these words were used or rather printed interchangeably almost to the beginning of the eighteenth century. G. P. Marsh.

Syn. -- Open; frank; unreserved; artless; plain; sincere; candid; fair; noble; generous. -- Ingenuous, Open, Frank. One who is open speaks out at once what is uppermost in his mind; one who is frank does it from a natural boldness, or dislike of self-restraint; one who is ingenuous is actuated by a native simplicity and artlessness, which make him willing to confess faults, and make known his sentiments without reserve. See Candid.

In*gen"u*ous*ly, adv. In an ingenuous manner; openly; fairly; candidly; artlessly.

Being required to explain himself, he ingenuously confessed.
Ludlow.

In*gen"u*ous*ness, n. 1. The state or quality of being ingenuous; openness of heart; frankness.

2. Ingenuity. [Obs.] Fuller.

In"ge*ny (?), n. [L. ingenium. See Ingenious.] Natural gift or talent; ability; wit; ingenuity. [Obs.] [Written also ingenie.] Becon.

In*ger"mi*nate (?), v. t. To cause to germinate.

In*gest" (?), v. t. [L. ingenium, p. p. of ingerere to put in; pref. in- in + gerere to bear.] To take into, or as into, the stomach or alimentary canal. Sir T. Browne.

||In*ges"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ingest.] (Physiol.) That which is introduced into the body by the stomach or alimentary canal; -- opposed to egesta.

In*ges"tion (?), n. [L. ingestio: cf. F. ingestion.] (Physiol.) The act of taking or putting into the stomach; as, the ingestion of milk or other food.

||In*ghal"la (?), n. (Zoöl.) The reedbuck of South Africa. [Written also ingali.]

In*girt" (?), v. t. [See Ingirt.] To encircle; to gird; to engirt.

The wreath is ivy that ingirts our beams.
Drayton.

In*girt", a. Surrounded; encircled. Fenton.

In"gle (&ibreve;&nsm;"g'l), n. [Gael. & Ir. aingeali fire; cf. L. igniculusi spark, dim. of ignis fire. Cf. Ignite.] Flame; blaze; a fire; a fireplace. [Obs. or Scot.] Burns.

Ingle nook, the chimney corner. -- Ingle side, Ingle cheek, the fireside.

In"gle, n. [Written also engle, enghle: cf. Gael. & Ir. aingeal an angel. Cf. Engle.] A paramour; a favourite; a sweetheart; an engle. [Obs.] Toone.

In"gle (?), v. t. To cajole or coax; to wheedle. See Engle. [Obs.]

In*glo"bate (?), a. In the form of a globe or sphere; -- applied to nebulous matter collected into a sphere by the force of gravitation.

In*globe" (?), v. t. To infix, as in a globe; to fix or secure firmly. [Obs.] Milton.

In*glo"ri*ous (?), a. [L. inglorious; pref. in- not + gloria glory, fame: cf. F. inglorieux. See Glory.]

1. Not glorious; not bringing honor or glory; not accompanied with fame, honor, or celebrity; obscure; humble; as, an inglorious life of ease. Shak.

My next desire is, void of care and strife,
To lead a soft, secure, inglorious life.
Dryden.

Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest.
Gray.

2. Shameful; disgraceful; ignominious; as, inglorious flight, defeat, etc.

Inglorious shelter in an alien land.
J. Philips.

In*glo"ri*ous*ly, adv. In an inglorious manner; dishonorably; with shame; ignominiously; obscurely.

In*glo"ri*ous*ness, n. The state of being inglorious.

In*glut" (?), v. t. To glut. [R.] Ascham.

In*glu"vi*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the ingluvies or crop of birds.

||In*glu"vi*es (?), n. [L.] (Anat.) The crop, or craw, of birds.

In*glu"vi*ous (?), a. Gluttonous. [Obs.] Blount.

In"-go`ing (?), n. The act of going in; entrance.

In"-go`ing, a. Going; entering, as upon an office or a possession; as, an in-going tenant.

In*gorge" (?), v. t. & i. See Engorge. Milton.

In"got (?), n. [Prob. from AS. in in + geótan to pour: cf. F. linglot, LL. lingotus a mass of gold or silver, extended in the manner of a tongue, and G. einguss, LG. & OE. ingot ingot, a mold for casting metals in. See Found to cast, and cf. Linget, Lingot, Nugget.]

1. That in which metal is cast; a mold. [Obs.]

And from the fire he took up his matter
And in the ingot put it with merry cheer.
Chaucer.

2. A bar or wedge of steel, gold, or other malleable metal, cast in a mold; a mass of unwrought cast metal.

Wrought ingots from Besoara's mine.
Sir W. Jones.

Ingot mold, a box or mold in which ingots are cast. -- Ingot iron. See Decarbonized steel, under Decarbonize.

In*grace" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + grace.] To ingratiate. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

In*gra"cious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + gracious.] Ungracious; unkind. [Obs.] Holland.

In*graff" (?), v. t. See Ingraft. [Obs.]

In*graft" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingrafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ingrafting.] [Written also engraft.]

1. To insert, as a scion of one tree, shrub, or plant in another for propagation; as, to ingraft a peach scion on a plum tree; figuratively, to insert or introduce in such a way as to make a part of something.

This fellow would ingraft a foreign name
Upon our stock.
Dryden.

A custom . . . ingrafted into the monarchy of Rome.
Burke.

2. To subject to the process of grafting; to furnish with grafts or scions; to graft; as, to ingraft a tree.

In*graft"er (?), n. A person who ingrafts.

In*graft"ment (?), n. 1. The act of ingrafting.

2. The thing ingrafted; a scion.

In"grain` (?; 277), a. [Pref. in- in + grain kermes. See Engrain, Grain.]

1. Dyed with grain, or kermes. [Obs.]

2. Dyed before manufacture, -- said of the material of a textile fabric; hence, in general, thoroughly inwrought; forming an essential part of the substance.

Ingrain carpet, a double or two-ply carpet. -- Triple ingrain carpet, a three- ply carpet.

In"grain`, n. An ingrain fabric, as a carpet.

In"grain` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingrained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingraining.] [Written also engrain.]

1. To dye with or in grain or kermes.

2. To dye in the grain, or before manufacture.

3. To work into the natural texture or into the mental or moral constitution of; to stain; to saturate; to imbue; to infix deeply.

Our fields ingrained with blood.
Daniel.

Cruelty and jealousy seem to be ingrained in a man who has these vices at all.
Helps.

In*grap"ple (?), v. t. & i. To seize; to clutch; to grapple. [Obs.] Drayton.

In"grate` (?; 277), a. [L. ingratus. See Ingrateful.] Ingrateful. [Obs. or Poetic] Bacon.

In"grate`, n. An ungrateful person. Milton.

In"grate`ful (?), a. [L. ingratus ingrateful (pref. in- not + gratus beloved, dear, grateful) + -ful: cf. F. ingrat. See Grateful.]

1. Ungrateful; thankless; unappreciative. Milton.

He proved extremely false and ingrateful to me.
Atterbury.

2. Unpleasing to the sense; distasteful; offensive.

He gives . . . no ingrateful food.
Milton.

-- In"grate`ful*ly, adv. -- In"grate`ful*ness, n.

In"grate`ly (?), adv. Ungratefully. [Obs.]

In*gra"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingratiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingratiating (?).] [Pref. in- in + L. gratia. See Grace.]

1. To introduce or commend to the favor of another; to bring into favor; to insinuate; -- used reflexively, and followed by with before the person whose favor is sought.

Lysimachus . . . ingratiated himself both with Philip and his pupil.
Budgell.

2. To recommend; to render easy or agreeable; -- followed by to. [Obs.] Dr. J. Scott.

What difficulty would it [the love of Christ] not ingratiate to us?
Hammond.

In*gra"ti*ate, v. i. To gain favor. [R.] Sir W. Temple.

In*grat"i*tude (?), n. [F. ingratitude, L. ingratitudo. See Ingrate.] Want of gratitude; insensibility to, forgetfulness of, or ill return for, kindness or favors received; unthankfulness; ungratefulness.

Ingratitude, thou marble-hearted fiend.
Shak.

Ingratitude is abhorred both by God and man.
L'Estrange.

In*grave" (?), v. t. To engrave. [R.] "Whose gleaming rind ingrav'n." Tennyson.

In*grave", v. t. [Pref. in- in + grave. Cf. Engrave.] To bury. [Obs.] Heywood.

In*grav"i*date (?), v. t. [L. ingravidatus, p. p. of ingravidare to impregnate. See 1st In-, and Gravidated.] To impregnate. [Obs.] Fuller.

In*grav`i*da"tion (?), n. The state of being pregnant or impregnated. [Obs.]

In*great" (?), v. t. To make great; to enlarge; to magnify. [Obs.] Fotherby.

{ In*gre"di*ence (?), In*gre"di*en*cy (?), } n. [See Ingredient.]

1. Entrance; ingress. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. The quality or state of being an ingredient or component part. Boyle.

In*gre"di*ent (?), n. [F. ingrédient, L. ingrediens, -entis, entering into, p. pr. of ingredi, p. p. ingressus, to go into, to enter; pref. in- in + gradi to walk, go. See Grade.] That which enters into a compound, or is a component part of any combination or mixture; an element; a constituent.

By way of analysis we may proceed from compounds to ingredients.
Sir I. Newton.

Water is the chief ingredient in all the animal fluids and solids.
Arbuthnot.

In*gre"di*ent, a. Entering as, or forming, an ingredient or component part.

Acts where no sin is ingredient.
Jer. Taylor.

In"gress (?), n. [L. ingressus, fr. ingredi. See Ingredient.]

1. The act of entering; entrance; as, the ingress of air into the lungs.

2. Power or liberty of entrance or access; means of entering; as, all ingress was prohibited.

3. (Astron.) The entrance of the moon into the shadow of the earth in eclipses, the sun's entrance into a sign, etc.

In"gress (?), v. i. To go in; to enter. [R.]

In*gres"sion (?), n. [L. ingressio: cf. F. ingression.] Act of entering; entrance. Sir K. Digby.

In*grieve (?), v. t. To render more grievous; to aggravate. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

In*groove" (?), v. t. To groove in; to join in or with a groove. Tennyson.

In*gross" (?), v. t. See Engross.

In"grow`ing (?), a. Growing or appearing to grow into some other substance.

Ingrowing nail, one whose edges are becoming imbedded in the adjacent flesh.

In"growth` (?), n. A growth or development inward. J. LeConte.

||In"guen (?), n. [L. inguen, inguinis.] (Anat.) The groin.

In*guilt"y (?), a. Not guilty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In"gui*nal (?), a. [L. inguinalis, fr. inguen, inguinis, the groin: cf. F. inguinal.] (Astron. & Med.) Of or pertaining to, or in the region of, the inguen or groin; as, an inguinal canal or ligament; inguinal hernia.

Inguinal ring. See Abdominal ring, under Abdominal.

In*gulf" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingulfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingulfing.] [Cf. Engulf.] [Written also engulf.] To swallow up or overwhelm in, or as in, a gulf; to cast into a gulf. See Engulf.

A river large . . .
Passed underneath ingulfed.
Milton.

In*gulf"ment (?), n. The act of ingulfing, or the state of being ingulfed.

In*gur"gi*tate (?), v. t. [L. ingurgitatus, p. p. of ingurgitare to pour in; pref. in- in + gurges whirlpool, gulf.]

1. To swallow, devour, or drink greedily or in large quantity; to guzzle. Cleveland.

2. To swallow up, as in a gulf. Fotherby.

In*gur"gi*tate, v. i. To guzzle; to swill. Burton.

In*gur`gi*ta"tion (?), n. [L. ingurgitatio: cf. F. ingurgitation.] The act of swallowing greedily or immoderately; that which is so swallowed. E. Darwin.

He drowned his stomach and senses with a large draught and ingurgitation of wine.
Bacon.

In*gust"a*ble (?), a. [L. ingustabilis. See Gustable.] Tasteless; insipid. Sir T. Browne.

In*hab"ile (?), a. [L. inhabilis: cf. F. inhabile. See In- not, and Habile, and cf. Unable.]

1. Not apt or fit; unfit; not convenient; inappropriate; unsuitable; as, inhabile matter. [Obs.]

2. Unskilled; unready; awkward; incompetent; unqualified; -- said of persons. [Obs.] See Unable.

In`ha*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inhabileté, inhabilité. See Inability.] Unsuitableness; unaptness; unfitness; inability. [Obs.] Barrow.

In*hab"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhabited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inhabiting.] [OE. enhabiten, OF. enhabiter, L. inhabitare; pref. in- in + habitare to dwell. See Habit.] To live or dwell in; to occupy, as a place of settled residence; as, wild beasts inhabit the forest; men inhabit cities and houses.

The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity.
Is. lvii. 15.

O, who would inhabit
This bleak world alone?
Moore.

In*hab"it, v. i. To have residence in a place; to dwell; to live; to abide. [Archaic or Poetic] Shak.

They say wild beasts inhabit here.
Waller.

In*hab"it*a*ble (?), a. [L. inhabitabilis. See Inhabit.] Capable of being inhabited; habitable.

Systems of inhabitable planets.
Locke.

In*hab"it*a*ble, a. [L. inhabitabilis: cf. F. inhabitable. See In- not, and Habitable.] Not habitable; not suitable to be inhabited. [Obs.]

The frozen ridges of the Alps
Or other ground inhabitable.
Shak.

{ In*hab"it*ance (?), In*hab"it*an*cy (?), } n. 1. The act of inhabiting, or the state of being inhabited; the condition of an inhabitant; residence; occupancy.

Ruins yet resting in the wild moors testify a former inhabitance.
Carew.

2. (Law) The state of having legal right to claim the privileges of a recognized inhabitant; especially, the right to support in case of poverty, acquired by residence in a town; habitancy.

In*hab"it*ant (?), n. [L. inhabitans, -antis, p. pr. of inhabitare.]

1. One who dwells or resides permanently in a place, as distinguished from a transient lodger or visitor; as, an inhabitant of a house, a town, a city, county, or state. "Frail inhabitants of earth." Cowper.

In this place, they report that they saw inhabitants which were very fair and fat people.
Abp. Abbot.

2. (Law) One who has a legal settlement in a town, city, or parish; a permanent resident.

In*hab"i*tate (?), v. t. To inhabit. [Obs.]

In*hab`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. inhabitatio a dwelling.]

1. The act of inhabiting, or the state of being inhabited; indwelling.

The inhabitation of the Holy Ghost.
Bp. Pearson.

2. Abode; place of dwelling; residence. [Obs.] Milton.

3. Population; inhabitants. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

The beginning of nations and of the world's inhabitation.
Sir W. Raleigh.

In*hab"it*a*tive*ness (?), n. (Phrenol.) A tendency or propensity to permanent residence in a place or abode; love of home and country.

In*hab"it*ed, a. Uninhabited. [Obs.] Brathwait.

In*hab"it*er (?), n. An inhabitant. [R.] Derham.

In*hab"it*ive*ness (?), n. (Phrenol.) See Inhabitativeness.

What the phrenologists call inhabitiveness.
Lowell.

In*hab"it*ress, n. A female inhabitant. [R.]

In*hal"ant (?), a. [Cf. F. inhalant.] Inhaling; used for inhaling.

In*hal"ant (?), n. An apparatus also called an inhaler (which see); that which is to be inhaled.

In`ha*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inhalation.] The act of inhaling; also, that which is inhaled.

In*hale" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inhaling.] [L. inhalare to breathe upon; pref. in- in + halare to breathe: cf. F. inhaler. Cf. Exhale.] To breathe or draw into the lungs; to inspire; as, to inhale air; -- opposed to exhale.

Martin was walking forth to inhale the fresh breeze of the evening.
Arbuthnot.

In*hal"ent (?), a. Used for inhaling; as, the inhalent end of a duct. Dana.

In*hal"er (?), n. 1. One who inhales.

2. An apparatus for inhaling any vapor or volatile substance, as ether or chloroform, for medicinal purposes.

3. A contrivance to filter, as air, in order to protect the lungs from inhaling damp or cold air, noxious gases, dust, etc.; also, the respiratory apparatus for divers.

In*hance" (?), v. t. See Enhance.

{ In`har*mon"ic (?), In`har*mon"ic*al (?), } a. Not harmonic; inharmonious; discordant; dissonant.

In`har*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + harmonious: cf. F. inharmonieux.]

1. Not harmonious; unmusical; discordant; dissonant.

Sounds inharmonious in themselves and harsh.
Cowper.

2. Conflicting; jarring; not in harmony.

In`har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. Without harmony.

In`har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. The quality of being inharmonious; want of harmony; discord.

The inharmoniousness of a verse.
A. Tucker.

In*har"mo*ny (?), n. Want of harmony.

{ In"haul` (?), In"haul`er (?) }, n. (Naut.) A rope used to draw in the jib boom, or flying jib boom.

In*hearse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhearsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inhearsing.] To put in, or as in, a hearse or coffin. Shak.

In*here" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inhered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inhering.] [L. inhaerere; pref. in- in + haerere to stick, hang. See Hesitate.] To be inherent; to stick (in); to be fixed or permanently incorporated with something; to cleave (to); to belong, as attributes or qualities.

They do but inhere in the subject that supports them.
Digby.

{ In*her"ence (?), In*her"en*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. inhérence.] The state of inhering; permanent existence in something; innateness; inseparable and essential connection. Jer. Taylor.

In*her"ent (?), a. [L. inhaerens, -entis, p. pr. of inhaerere: cf. F. inhérent. See Inhere.] Permanently existing in something; inseparably attached or connected; naturally pertaining to; innate; inalienable; as, polarity is an inherent quality of the magnet; the inherent right of men to life, liberty, and protection. "A most inherent baseness." Shak.

The sore disease which seems inherent in civilization.
Southey.

Syn. -- Innate; inborn; native; natural; inbred; inwrought; inseparable; essential; indispensable.

In*her"ent*ly, adv. By inherence; inseparably.

Matter hath inherently and essentially such an internal energy.
Bentley.

In*her"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inherited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inheriting.] [OE. enheriten to inherit, to give a heritage to, OF. enheriter to appoint as an heir, L. inhereditare; pref. in- in + hereditare to inherit, fr. heres heir. See Heir.]

1. (Law) To take by descent from an ancestor; to take by inheritance; to take as heir on the death of an ancestor or other person to whose estate one succeeds; to receive as a right or title descendible by law from an ancestor at his decease; as, the heir inherits the land or real estate of his father; the eldest son of a nobleman inherits his father's title; the eldest son of a king inherits the crown.

2. To receive or take by birth; to have by nature; to derive or acquire from ancestors, as mental or physical qualities; as, he inherits a strong constitution, a tendency to disease, etc.

Prince Harry is valiant; for the cold blood he did naturally inherit of his father he hath . . . manured . . . with good store of fertile sherris.
Shak.

3. To come into possession of; to possess; to own; to enjoy as a possession.

But the meek shall inherit the earth.
Ps. xxxvii. 11.

To bury so much gold under a tree,
And never after to inherit it.
Shak.

4. To put in possession of. [R.] Shak.

In*her"it (?), v. i. To take or hold a possession, property, estate, or rights by inheritance.

Thou shalt not inherit our father's house.
Judg. xi. 2.

In*her`it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inheritable or descendible to heirs. Jefferson.

In*her"it*a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being inherited; transmissible or descendible; as, an inheritable estate or title. Blackstone.

2. Capable of being transmitted from parent to child; as, inheritable qualities or infirmities.

3. [Cf. OF. enheritable, inheritable.] Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by descent; capable of succeeding to, as an heir.

By attainder . . . the blood of the person attainted is so corrupted as to be rendered no longer inheritable.
Blackstone.

The eldest daughter of the king is also alone inheritable to the crown on failure of issue male.
Blackstone.

Inheritable blood, blood or relationship by which a person becomes qualified to be an heir, or to transmit possessions by inheritance.

In*her"it*a*bly, adv. By inheritance. Sherwood.

In*her"it*ance (?), n. [Cf. OF. enheritance.]

1. The act or state of inheriting; as, the inheritance of an estate; the inheritance of mental or physical qualities.

2. That which is or may be inherited; that which is derived by an heir from an ancestor or other person; a heritage; a possession which passes by descent.

When the man dies, let the inheritance
Descend unto the daughter.
Shak.

3. A permanent or valuable possession or blessing, esp. one received by gift or without purchase; a benefaction.

To an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away.
1 Pet. i. 4.

4. Possession; ownership; acquisition. "The inheritance of their loves." Shak.

To you th' inheritance belongs by right
Of brother's praise; to you eke 'longs his love.
Spenser.

5. (Biol.) Transmission and reception by animal or plant generation.

6. (Law) A perpetual or continuing right which a man and his heirs have to an estate; an estate which a man has by descent as heir to another, or which he may transmit to another as his heir; an estate derived from an ancestor to an heir in course of law. Blackstone.

&fist; The word inheritance (used simply) is mostly confined to the title to land and tenements by a descent. Mozley & W.

Men are not proprietors of what they have, merely for themselves; their children have a title to part of it which comes to be wholly theirs when death has put an end to their parents' use of it; and this we call inheritance.
Locke.

In*her"it*or (?), n. One who inherits; an heir.

Born inheritors of the dignity.
Milton.

In*her"it*ress (?), n. A heiress. Milman.

In*her"it*rix (?), n. Same as Inheritress. Shak.

In*herse" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Inhearse.

In*he"sion (?), n. [L. inhaesio. See Inhere.] The state of existing, of being inherent, in something; inherence. A. Baxter.

Constant inhesion and habitual abode.
South.

In`hi*a"tion (?), n. [L. inhiatio, fr. inhiare to gape; pref. in- + hiare to gape.] A gaping after; eager desire; craving. [R.] Bp. Hall.

In*hib"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhibited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inhibiting.] [L. inhibitus, p. p. of inhibere; pref. in- in + habere to have, hold. See Habit.]

1. To check; to hold back; to restrain; to hinder.

Their motions also are excited or inhibited . . . by the objects without them.
Bentley.

2. To forbid; to prohibit; to interdict.

All men were inhibited, by proclamation, at the dissolution, so much as to mention a Parliament.
Clarendon.

Burial may not be inhibited or denied to any one.
Ayliffe.

In`hi*bi"tion (?), n. [L. inhibitio: cf. F. inhibition.]

1. The act of inhibiting, or the state of being inhibited; restraint; prohibition; embargo.

2. (Physiol.) A stopping or checking of an already present action; a restraining of the function of an organ, or an agent, as a digestive fluid or ferment, etc.; as, the inhibition of the respiratory center by the pneumogastric nerve; the inhibition of reflexes, etc.

3. (Law) A writ from a higher court forbidding an inferior judge from further proceedings in a cause before; esp., a writ issuing from a higher ecclesiastical court to an inferior one, on appeal. Cowell.

In*hib"i*tor (?), n. [NL.] That which causes inhibitory action; esp., an inhibitory nerve.

In*hib"i*to*ry (?), a. [LL. inhibitorius: cf. F. inhibitoire.] Of or pertaining to, or producing, inhibition; consisting in inhibition; tending or serving to inhibit; as, the inhibitory action of the pneumogastric on the respiratory center.

I would not have you consider these criticisms as inhibitory.
Lamb.

Inhibitory nerves (Physiol.), those nerves which modify, inhibit, or suppress a motor or secretory act already in progress.

In*hib"i*to*ry-mo"tor (?), a. (Physiol.) A term applied to certain nerve centers which govern or restrain subsidiary centers, from which motor impressions issue. McKendrick.

In*hive" (?), v. t. To place in a hive; to hive.

In*hold" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inheld (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inholding.] To have inherent; to contain in itself; to possess. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

In*hold"er, n. An inhabitant. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*hoop" (?), v. t. To inclose in a hoop, or as in a hoop. [R.] Shak.

In*hos"pi*ta*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + hospitable: cf. L. inhospitalis.]

1. Not hospitable; not disposed to show hospitality to strangers or guests; as, an inhospitable person or people.

Have you no touch of pity, that the poor
Stand starved at your inhospitable door?
Cowper.

2. Affording no shelter or sustenance; barren; desert; bleak; cheerless; wild. "Inhospitable wastes." Blair.

-- In*hos"pi*ta*ble*ness, n. -- In*hos"pi*ta*bly, adv.

In*hos`pi*tal"i*ty (?), n. [L. inhospitalitas: cf. F. inhospitalité. See In- not, and Hospitality.] The quality or state of being inhospitable; inhospitableness; lack of hospitality. Bp. Hall.

In*hu"man (?), a. [L. inhumanus: cf. F. inhumain. See In- not, and Human.]

1. Destitute of the kindness and tenderness that belong to a human being; cruel; barbarous; savage; unfeeling; as, an inhuman person or people.

2. Characterized by, or attended with, cruelty; as, an inhuman act or punishment.

Syn. -- Cruel; unfeeling; pitiless; merciless; savage; barbarous; brutal; ferocious; ruthless; fiendish.

In`hu*man"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Inhumanities (#). [L. inhumanitas: cf. F. inhumanité.] The quality or state of being inhuman; cruelty; barbarity.

Man's inhumanity to man
Makes countless thousands mourn.
Burns.

In*hu"man*ly (?), adv. In an inhuman manner; cruelly; barbarously.

In*hu"mate (?), v. t. [L. inhumatus, p. p. of inhumare to inhume; pref. in- in + humare to cover with earth. See Humation, and cf. Inhume.] To inhume; to bury; to inter. Hedge.

In`hu*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inhumation.]

1. The act of inhuming or burying; interment.

2. (Old Chem.) The act of burying vessels in warm earth in order to expose their contents to a steady moderate heat; the state of being thus exposed.

3. (Med.) Arenation.

In*hume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inhuming.] [Cf. F. inhumer. See Inhumate.]

1. To deposit, as a dead body, in the earth; to bury; to inter.

Weeping they bear the mangled heaps of slain,
Inhume the natives in their native plain.
Pope.

2. To bury or place in warm earth for chemical or medicinal purposes.

||In"i*a (?), n. (Zoöl.) A South American freshwater dolphin (Inia Boliviensis). It is ten or twelve feet long, and has a hairy snout.

In"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the inion.

In`im*ag"i*na*ble (?), a. Unimaginable; inconceivable. [R.] Bp. Pearson.

In*im"i*cal (?; 277), a. [L. inimicalis, fr. inimicus unfriendly, hostile; pref. in- not + amicus friendly. See Amity.]

1. Having the disposition or temper of an enemy; unfriendly; unfavorable; -- chiefly applied to private, as hostile is to public, enmity.

2. Opposed in tendency, influence, or effects; antagonistic; inconsistent; incompatible; adverse; repugnant.

We are at war with a system, which, by its essence, is inimical to all other governments.
Burke.

In*im`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being inimical or hostile; hostility; unfriendliness. [R.]

In*im"i*cal*ly (?), adv. In an inimical manner.

In*im`i*ci"tious (?), a. [L. inimicitia enmity. See Inimical.] Inimical; unfriendly. [R.] Sterne.

In*im"i*cous (?), a. [L. inimicus.] Inimical; hurtful. [Obs.] Evelyn.

In*im`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inimitable; inimitableness. Norris.

In*im"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. inimitabilis: cf. F. inimitable. See In- not, and Imitable.] Not capable of being imitated, copied, or counterfeited; beyond imitation; surpassingly excellent; matchless; unrivaled; exceptional; unique; as, an inimitable style; inimitable eloquence. "Inimitable force." Dryden.

Performing such inimitable feats.
Cowper.

-- In*im"i*ta*ble*ness, n. -- In*im"i*ta*bly, adv.

||In"i*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'ini`on the back of the head.] (Anat.) The external occipital protuberance of the skull.

In*iq"ui*tous (?), a. [From Iniquity.] Characterized by iniquity; unjust; wicked; as, an iniquitous bargain; an iniquitous proceeding.

Demagogues . . . bribed to this iniquitous service.
Burke.

Syn. -- Wicked; wrong; unjust; unrighteous; nefarious; criminal. -- Iniquitous, Wicked, Nefarious. Wicked is the generic term. Iniquitous is stronger, denoting a violation of the rights of others, usually by fraud or circumvention. Nefarious is still stronger, implying a breach of the most sacred obligations, and points more directly to the intrinsic badness of the deed.

In*iq"ui*tous*ly, adv. In an iniquitous manner; unjustly; wickedly.

In*iq"ui*ty (?), n.; pl. Iniquities (#). [OE. iniquitee, F. iniquité, L. iniquitas, inequality, unfairness, injustice. See Iniquous.]

1. Absence of, or deviation from, just dealing; want of rectitude or uprightness; gross injustice; unrighteousness; wickedness; as, the iniquity of bribery; the iniquity of an unjust judge.

Till the world from his perfection fell
Into all filth and foul iniquity.
Spenser.

2. An iniquitous act or thing; a deed of injustice or unrighteousness; a sin; a crime. Milton.

Your iniquities have separated between you and your God.
Is. lix. 2.

3. A character or personification in the old English moralities, or moral dramas, having the name sometimes of one vice and sometimes of another. See Vice.

Acts old Iniquity, and in the fit
Of miming gets the opinion of a wit.
B. Jonson.

In*i"quous (?), a. [L. iniquus; pref. in- not + aequus. See Equal.] Iniquitous. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In*ir"ri*ta*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + irritable: cf. F. inirritable.] Not irritable; esp. (Physiol.), incapable of being stimulated to action, as a muscle. -- In*ir`ri*ta*bil"i*ty (#), n.

In*ir"ri*ta*tive (?), a. Not accompanied with excitement; as, an inirritative fever. E. Darwin.

In*isle" (?), v. t. [Cf. Enisled.] To form into an island; to surround. [Obs.] Drayton.

In*i"tial (?), a. [L. initialis, from initium a going in, entrance, beginning, fr. inire to go into, to enter, begin; pref. in- in + ire to go: cf. F. initial. See Issue, and cf. Commence.]

1. Of or pertaining to the beginning; marking the commencement; incipient; commencing; as, the initial symptoms of a disease.

2. Placed at the beginning; standing at the head, as of a list or series; as, the initial letters of a name.

In*i"tial, n. The first letter of a word or a name.

In*i"tial, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Initialed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Initialing.] To put an initial to; to mark with an initial of initials. [R.]

In*i"tial*ly, adv. In an initial or incipient manner or degree; at the beginning. Barrow.

In*i"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Initiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Initiating (?).] [L. initiatus, p. p. of initiare to begin, fr. initium beginning. See Initial.]

1. To introduce by a first act; to make a beginning with; to set afoot; to originate; to commence; to begin or enter upon.

How are changes of this sort to be initiated?
I. Taylor.

2. To acquaint with the beginnings; to instruct in the rudiments or principles; to introduce.

Providence would only initiate mankind into the useful knowledge of her treasures, leaving the rest to employ our industry.
Dr. H. More.

To initiate his pupil into any part of learning, an ordinary skill in the governor is enough.
Locke.

3. To introduce into a society or organization; to confer membership on; especially, to admit to a secret order with mysterious rites or ceremonies.

The Athenians believed that he who was initiated and instructed in the mysteries would obtain celestial honor after death.
Bp. Warburton.

He was initiated into half a dozen clubs before he was one and twenty.
Spectator.

In*i"ti*ate, v. i. To do the first act; to perform the first rite; to take the initiative. [R.] Pope.

In*i"ti*ate (?), a. [L. initiatus, p. p.]

1. Unpracticed; untried; new. [Obs.] "The initiate fear that wants hard use." Shak.

2. Begun; commenced; introduced to, or instructed in, the rudiments; newly admitted.

To rise in science as in bliss,
Initiate in the secrets of the skies.
Young.

Initiate tenant by courtesy (Law), said of a husband who becomes such in his wife's estate of inheritance by the birth of a child, but whose estate is not consummated till the death of the wife. Mozley & W.

In*i"ti*ate, n. One who is, or is to be, initiated.

In*i`ti*a"tion (?), n. [L. initiatio: cf. F. initiation.]

1. The act of initiating, or the process of being initiated or introduced; as, initiation into a society, into business, literature, etc. "The initiation of courses of events." Pope.

2. The form or ceremony by which a person is introduced into any society; mode of entrance into an organized body; especially, the rite of admission into a secret society or order.

Silence is the first thing that is taught us at our initiation into sacred mysteries.
Broome.

In*i"ti*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. initiatif.] Serving to initiate; inceptive; initiatory; introductory; preliminary.

In*i"ti*a*tive, n. [Cf. F. initiative.]

1. An introductory step or movement; an act which originates or begins.

The undeveloped initiatives of good things to come.
I. Taylor.

2. The right or power to introduce a new measure or course of action, as in legislation; as, the initiative in respect to revenue bills is in the House of Representatives.

In*i"ti*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who initiates.

In*i"ti*a*to*ry (?), a. 1. Suitable for an introduction or beginning; introductory; prefatory; as, an initiatory step. Bp. Hall.

2. Tending or serving to initiate; introducing by instruction, or by the use and application of symbols or ceremonies; elementary; rudimentary.

Some initiatory treatises in the law.
Herbert.

Two initiatory rites of the same general import can not exist together.
J. M. Mason.

In*i"ti*a*to*ry, n. An introductory act or rite. [R.]

In*i"tion (?), n. [Cf. OF. inition. See Initial.] Initiation; beginning. [Obs.] Sir R. Naunton.

In*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Injected; p. pr. & vb. n. Injecting.] [L. injectus, p. p. of inicere, injicere, to throw in; pref. in- in + jacere to throw: cf. F. injecter. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. To throw in; to dart in; to force in; as, to inject cold water into a condenser; to inject a medicinal liquid into a cavity of the body; to inject morphine with a hypodermic syringe.

2. Fig.: To throw; to offer; to propose; to instill.

Cæsar also, then hatching tyranny, injected the same scrupulous demurs.
Milton.

3. To cast or throw; -- with on. [R.]

And mound inject on mound.
Pope.

4. (Anat.) To fill (a vessel, cavity, or tissue) with a fluid or other substance; as, to inject the blood vessels.

In*jec"tion (?), n. [L. injectio : cf. F. injection.] 1. The act of injecting or throwing in; -- applied particularly to the forcible throwing in of a liquid, or aëriform body, by means of a syringe, pump, etc.

2. That which is injected; especially, a liquid medicine thrown into a cavity of the body by a syringe or pipe; a clyster; an enema. Mayne.

3. (Anat.) (a) The act or process of filling vessels, cavities, or tissues with a fluid or other substance. (b) A specimen prepared by injection.

4. (Steam Eng.) (a) The act of throwing cold water into a condenser to produce a vacuum. (b) The cold water thrown into a condenser.

Injection cock, or Injection valve (Steam Eng.), the cock or valve through which cold water is admitted into a condenser. -- Injection condenser. See under Condenser. -- Injection pipe, the pipe through which cold water is through into the condenser of a steam engine.

In*ject"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, injects.

2. (Mach.) A contrivance for forcing feed water into a steam boiler by the direct action of the steam upon the water. The water is driven into the boiler by the impulse of a jet of the steam which becomes condensed as soon as it strikes the stream of cold water it impels; -- also called Giffard's injector, from the inventor.

In*jel"ly (?), v. t. To place in jelly. [R.]

In*join" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Enjoin.

In*joint (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + joint.] To join; to unite. [R.] Shak.

In*joint, v. t. [Pref. in- in + joint.] To disjoint; to separate. [Obs.] Holland.

In`ju*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. injucunditas. See In- not, and Jocund.] Unpleasantness; disagreeableness. [Obs.] Cockeram.

In*ju"di*ca*ble (?), a. Not cognizable by a judge. [Obs.] Bailey.

In`ju*di"cial (?), a. Not according to the forms of law; not judicial. [R.]

In`ju*di"cious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + judicious; cf. F. injudicieux.] 1. Not judicious; wanting in sound judgment; undiscerning; indiscreet; unwise; as, an injudicious adviser.

An injudicious biographer who undertook to be his editor and the protector of his memory.
A. Murphy.

2. Not according to sound judgment or discretion; unwise; as, an injudicious measure.

Syn. -- Indiscreet; inconsiderate; undiscerning; incautious; unwise; rash; hasty; imprudent.

In`ju*di"cious*ly, adv. In an injudicious manner.

In`ju*di"cious*ness, n. The quality of being injudicious; want of sound judgment; indiscretion. Whitlock.

In*junc"tion (?), n. [L. injunctio, fr. injungere, injunctum, to join into, to enjoin. See Enjoin.] 1. The act of enjoining; the act of directing, commanding, or prohibiting.

2. That which is enjoined; an order; a mandate; a decree; a command; a precept; a direction.

For still they knew, and ought to have still remembered,
The high injunction, not to taste that fruit.
Milton.

Necessary as the injunctions of lawful authority.
South.

3. (Law) A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, in some cases, under statutes, by a court of law, whereby a party is required to do or to refrain from doing certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ.

&fist; It is more generally used as a preventive than as a restorative process, although by no means confined to the former. Wharton. Daniell. Story.

In"jure (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Injured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Injuring.] [L. injuriari, fr. injuria injury, perh. through F. injurier to insult, in OF. also, to injure; or perhaps fr. E. injury, or F. injure injury. See Injury.] To do harm to; to impair the excellence and value of; to hurt; to damage; -- used in a variety of senses; as: (a) To hurt or wound, as the person; to impair soundness, as of health. (b) To damage or lessen the value of, as goods or estate. (c) To slander, tarnish, or impair, as reputation or character. (d) To impair or diminish, as happiness or virtue. (e) To give pain to, as the sensibilities or the feelings; to grieve; to annoy. (f) To impair, as the intellect or mind.

When have I injured thee? when done thee wrong?
Shak.

Syn. -- To damage; mar; spoil; harm; sully; wrong; maltreat; abuse; insult; affront; dishonor.

In"jur*er (?), n. One who injures or wrongs.

||In*ju"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Injurie (#). [L.] (Law) Injury; invasion of another's rights.

In*ju"ri*ous (?), a. [L. injuriousus, injurius; cf. F. injurieux. See Injury.] 1. Not just; wrongful; iniquitous; culpable. [Obs.] Milton.

Till the injurious Roman did extort
This tribute from us, we were free.
Shak.

2. Causing injury or harm; hurtful; harmful; detrimental; mischievous; as, acts injurious to health, credit, reputation, property, etc.

Without being injurious to the memory of our English Pindar.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Harmful; hurtful; pernicious; mischievous; baneful; deleterious; noxious; ruinous; detrimental.

In*ju"ri*ous*ly, adv. In an injurious or hurtful manner; wrongfully; hurtfully; mischievously.

In*ju"ri*ous*ness, n. The quality of being injurious or hurtful; harmfulness; injury.

In"ju*ry (?), n.; pl. Injuries (#). [OE. injurie, L. injuria, fr. injurius injurious, wrongful, unjust; pref. in- not + jus, juris, right, law, justice: cf. F. injure. See Just, a.] Any damage or hurt done to a person or thing; detriment to, or violation of, the person, character, feelings, rights, property, or interests of an individual; that which injures, or occasions wrong, loss, damage, or detriment; harm; hurt; loss; mischief; wrong; evil; as, his health was impaired by a severe injury; slander is an injury to the character.

For he that doeth injury shall receive that that he did evil.
Wyclif(Col. iii. 25).

Many times we do injury to a cause by dwelling on trifling arguments.
I. Watts.

Riot ascends above their loftiest towers,
And injury and outrage.
Milton.

&fist; Injury in morals and jurisprudence is the intentional doing of wrong. Fleming.

Syn. -- Harm; hurt; damage; loss; impairment; detriment; wrong; evil; injustice.

In*jus"tice (?), n. [F. injustice, L. injustitia. See In- not, and Justice, and cf. Unjust.] 1. Want of justice and equity; violation of the rights of another or others; iniquity; wrong; unfairness; imposition.

If this people [the Athenians] resembled Nero in their extravagance, much more did they resemble and even exceed him in cruelty and injustice.
Burke.

2. An unjust act or deed; a sin; a crime; a wrong.

Cunning men can be guilty of a thousand injustices without being discovered, or at least without being punished.
Swift.

Ink (&ibreve;&nsm;k), n. (Mach.) The step, or socket, in which the lower end of a millstone spindle runs.

Ink, n. [OE. enke, inke, OF. enque, F. encre, L. encaustum the purple red ink with which the Roman emperors signed their edicts, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; burnt in, encaustic, fr. &?; to burn in. See Encaustic, Caustic.] 1. A fluid, or a viscous material or preparation of various kinds (commonly black or colored), used in writing or printing.

Make there a prick with ink.
Chaucer.

Deformed monsters, foul and black as ink.
Spenser.

2. A pigment. See India ink, under India.

&fist; Ordinarily, black ink is made from nutgalls and a solution of some salt of iron, and consists essentially of a tannate or gallate of iron; sometimes indigo sulphate, or other coloring matter, is added. Other black inks contain potassium chromate, and extract of logwood, salts of vanadium, etc. Blue ink is usually a solution of Prussian blue. Red ink was formerly made from carmine (cochineal), Brazil wood, etc., but potassium eosin is now used. Also red, blue, violet, and yellow inks are largely made from aniline dyes. Indelible ink is usually a weak solution of silver nitrate, but carbon in the form of lampblack or India ink, salts of molybdenum, vanadium, etc., are also used. Sympathetic inks may be made of milk, salts of cobalt, etc. See Sympathetic ink (below).

Copying ink, a peculiar ink used for writings of which copies by impression are to be taken. -- Ink bag (Zoöl.), an ink sac. - - Ink berry. (Bot.) (a) A shrub of the Holly family (Ilex glabra), found in sandy grounds along the coast from New England to Florida, and producing a small black berry. (b) The West Indian indigo berry. See Indigo. -- Ink plant (Bot.), a New Zealand shrub (Coriaria thymifolia), the berries of which yield a juice which forms an ink. -- Ink powder, a powder from which ink is made by solution. -- Ink sac (Zoöl.), an organ, found in most cephalopods, containing an inky fluid which can be ejected from a duct opening at the base of the siphon. The fluid serves to cloud the water, and enable these animals to escape from their enemies. See Illust. of Dibranchiata. -- Printer's ink, or Printing ink. See under Printing. - - Sympathetic ink, a writing fluid of such a nature that what is written remains invisible till the action of a reagent on the characters makes it visible.

Ink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inked (&ibreve;&nsm;kt); p. pr. & vb. n. Inking.] To put ink upon; to supply with ink; to blacken, color, or daub with ink.

Ink"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inks; especially, in printing, the pad or roller which inks the type.

Ink"fish` (?), n. A cuttlefish. See Cuttlefish.

Ink"horn` (?), n. [Ink + horn; cf. F. cornet à encre, G. dintenhorn.] A small bottle of horn or other material formerly used for holding ink; an inkstand; a portable case for writing materials. "With a writer's inkhorn by his side." Ezek. ix. 2.

From his pocket the notary drew his papers and inkhorn.
Longfellow.

Ink"horn", a. Learned; pedantic; affected. [Obs.] "Inkhorn terms." Bale.

Ink"horn`ism (?), n. Pedantry. Sir T. Wilson.

Ink"i*ness (?), n. [From Inky.] The state or quality of being inky; blackness.

Ink"ing, a. Supplying or covering with ink.

Inking roller, a somewhat elastic roller, used to spread ink over forms of type, copperplates, etc. -- Inking trough or table, a trough or table from which the inking roller receives its ink.

In"kle (?), n. [Prob.the same word as lingle, the first l being mistaken for the definite article in French. See Lingle.] A kind of tape or braid. Shak.

In"kle, v. t. [OE. inklen to hint; cf. Dan. ymte to whisper.] To guess. [Prov. Eng.] "She inkled what it was." R. D. Blackmore.

In"kling (?), n. A hint; an intimation.

The least inkling or glimpse of this island.
Bacon.

They had some inkling of secret messages.
Clarendon.

In"knee` (?), n. Same as Knock- knee.

In"kneed` (?), a. See Knock- kneed.

In*knot" (?), v. t. To fasten or bind, as with a knot; to knot together. Fuller.

Ink"stand` (?), n. A small vessel for holding ink, to dip the pen into; also, a device for holding ink and writing materials.

Ink"stone" (?), n. A kind of stone containing native vitriol or sulphate of iron, used in making ink.

Ink"y (?), a. Consisting of, or resembling, ink; soiled with ink; black. "Inky blots." Shak. "Its inky blackness." Boyle.

In*lace" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inlaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inlacing (?).] [Pref. in- + lace: cf. OE. enlacen to entangle, involve, OF. enlacier, F. enlacer. See Lace, and cf. Enlace.] To work in, as lace; to embellish with work resembling lace; also, to lace or enlace. P. Fletcher.

In"la*ga"tion (?), n. [Law L. inlagatio, fr. inlagare to restore to law. See In, and Law.] (Old Eng. Law) The restitution of an outlawed person to the protection of the law; inlawing. Bouvier.

In*laid" (?), p. p. of Inlay.

In"land (?), a. 1. Within the land; more or less remote from the ocean or from open water; interior; as, an inland town. "This wide inland sea." Spenser.

From inland regions to the distant main.
Cowper.

2. Limited to the land, or to inland routes; within the seashore boundary; not passing on, or over, the sea; as, inland transportation, commerce, navigation, etc.

3. Confined to a country or state; domestic; not foreign; as, an inland bill of exchange. See Exchange.

In"land, n. The interior part of a country. Shak.

In"land, adv. Into, or towards, the interior, away from the coast. Cook.

The greatest waves of population have rolled inland from the east.
S. Turner.

In"land*er (?), n. One who lives in the interior of a country, or at a distance from the sea. Sir T. Browne.

In"land*ish, a. Inland. [Obs.] T. Reeve(1657)

In*lap"i*date (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + L. lapis, lapidis, stone.] To convert into a stony substance; to petrify. [R.] Bacon.

In*lard" (?), v. t. See Enlard.

In*law" (?), v. t. [In + law. Cf. Inlagation.] (Old Eng. Law) To clear of outlawry or attainder; to place under the protection of the law. Burrill.

In*lay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inlaied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inlaying.] To lay within; hence, to insert, as pieces of pearl, ivory, choice woods, or the like, in a groundwork of some other material; to form an ornamental surface; to diversify or adorn with insertions.

Look, how the floor of heaven
Is thick inlaid with patines of bright gold.
Shak.

But these things are . . . borrowed by the monks to inlay their story.
Milton.

In"lay` (?), n. Matter or pieces of wood, ivory, etc., inlaid, or prepared for inlaying; that which is inserted or inlaid for ornament or variety.

Crocus and hyacinth with rich inlay
Broidered the ground.
Milton.

The sloping of the moonlit sward
Was damask work, and deep inlay
Of braided blooms.
Tennyson.

In*lay"er (?), n. One who inlays, or whose occupation it is to inlay.

In*league" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inleagued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inleaguing (?).] To ally, or form an alliance with; to unite; to combine.

With a willingness inleague our blood
With his, for purchase of full growth in friendship.
Ford.

In*lea"guer (?), v. t. To beleaguer. Holland.

In"let (?), n. 1. A passage by which an inclosed place may be entered; a place of ingress; entrance.

Doors and windows, inlets of men and of light.
Sir H. Wotton.

2. A bay or recess, as in the shore of a sea, lake, or large river; a narrow strip of water running into the land or between islands.

3. That which is let in or inlaid; an inserted material.

&fist; Inlet is also used adjectively, as in inlet pipe, inlet valve, etc.

In*light"en (?), v. t. See Enlighten.

In*list" (?), v. t. See Enlist.

In*live" (?), v. t. To animate. [R.] B. Jonson.

In*lock" (?), v. t. To lock in, or inclose.

||In lo"co (?). [L.] In the place; in the proper or natural place.

In*lu"mine (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Illumine.

In"ly (?), a. [OE. inlich, AS. inlīc. See In.] Internal; interior; secret.

Didst thou but know the inly touch of love.
Shak.

In"ly, adv. Internally; within; in the heart. "Whereat he inly raged." Milton.

In"ma*cy (?), n. [From Inmate.] The state of being an inmate. [R.] Craig.

In"mate` (&ibreve;n"māt`), n. [In + mate an associate.] One who lives in the same house or apartment with another; a fellow lodger; esp., one of the occupants of an asylum, hospital, or prison; by extension, one who occupies or lodges in any place or dwelling.

So spake the enemy of mankind, inclos'd
In serpent, inmate bad.
Milton.

In"mate`, a. Admitted as a dweller; resident; internal. [R.] "Inmate guests." Milton.

In"meats` (?), n. pl. The edible viscera of animals, as the heart, liver, etc.

In*mesh" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inmeshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inmeshing.] To bring within meshes, as of a net; to enmesh.

In*mew" (?), v. t. [Cf.Emmew, Immew.] To inclose, as in a mew or cage. [R.] "Inmew the town below." Beau. & Fl.

In"most` (?), a. [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Foremost, Innermost.] Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost.

And pierce the inmost center of the earth.
Shak.

The silent, slow, consuming fires,
Which on my inmost vitals prey.
Addison.

Inn (?), n. [AS. in, inn, house, chamber, inn, from AS. in in; akin to Icel. inni house. See In.] 1. A place of shelter; hence, dwelling; habitation; residence; abode. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Therefore with me ye may take up your inn
For this same night.
Spenser.

2. A house for the lodging and entertainment of travelers or wayfarers; a tavern; a public house; a hotel.

&fist; As distinguished from a private boarding house, an inn is a house for the entertainment of all travelers of good conduct and means of payment, as guests for a brief period, not as lodgers or boarders by contract.

The miserable fare and miserable lodgment of a provincial inn.
W. Irving.

3. The town residence of a nobleman or distinguished person; as, Leicester Inn. [Eng.]

4. One of the colleges (societies or buildings) in London, for students of the law barristers; as, the Inns of Court; the Inns of Chancery; Serjeants' Inns.

Inns of chancery (Eng.), colleges in which young students formerly began their law studies, now occupied chiefly by attorneys, solicitors, etc. -- Inns of court (Eng.), the four societies of "students and practicers of the law of England" which in London exercise the exclusive right of admitting persons to practice at the bar; also, the buildings in which the law students and barristers have their chambers. They are the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn.

Inn (&ibreve;n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inned (&ibreve;nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Inning.] To take lodging; to lodge. [R.] Addison.

Inn, v. t. 1. To house; to lodge. [Obs.]

When he had brought them into his city
And inned them, everich at his degree.
Chaucer.

2. To get in; to in. See In, v. t.

In"nate (&ibreve;n"n&asl;t or &ibreve;n*nāt"; 277), a. [L. innatus; pref. in- in + natus born, p. p. of nasci to be born. See Native.] 1. Inborn; native; natural; as, innate vigor; innate eloquence.

2. (Metaph.) Originating in, or derived from, the constitution of the intellect, as opposed to acquired from experience; as, innate ideas. See A priori, Intuitive.

There is an innate light in every man, discovering to him the first lines of duty in the common notions of good and evil.
South.

Men would not be guilty if they did not carry in their mind common notions of morality, innate and written in divine letters.
Fleming (Origen).

If I could only show, as I hope I shall . . . how men, barely by the use of their natural faculties, may attain to all the knowledge they have, without the help of any innate impressions; and may arrive at certainty without any such original notions or principles.
Locke.

3. (Bot.) Joined by the base to the very tip of a filament; as, an innate anther. Gray.

Innate ideas (Metaph.), ideas, as of God, immortality, right and wrong, supposed by some to be inherent in the mind, as a priori principles of knowledge.

In*nate" (?), v. t. To cause to exit; to call into being. [Obs.] "The first innating cause." Marston.

In"nate*ly (?), adv. Naturally.

In"nate*ness, n. The quality of being innate.

In*na"tive (?), a. Native. [Obs.] Chapman.

In*nav"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. innavigabilis : cf. F. innavigable. See In- not, and Navigable.] Incapable of being navigated; impassable by ships or vessels. Drygen. -- In*nav"i*ga*bly, adv.

Inne (?), adv. & prep. In. [Obs.]

And eke in what array that they were inne.
Chaucer.

In"ner (&ibreve;n"n&etilde;r), a. [AS. innera, a compar. fr. inne within, fr. in in. See In.] 1. Further in; interior; internal; not outward; as, an inner chamber.

2. Of or pertaining to the spirit or its phenomena.

This attracts the soul,
Governs the inner man, the nobler part.
Milton.

3. Not obvious or easily discovered; obscure.

Inner house (Scot.), the first and second divisions of the court of Session at Edinburgh; also, the place of their sittings. -- Inner jib (Naut.), a fore-and-aft sail set on a stay running from the fore-topmast head to the jib boom. -- Inner plate (Arch.), the wall plate which lies nearest to the center of the roof, in a double-plated roof. -- Inner post (Naut.), a piece brought on at the fore side of the main post, to support the transoms. -- Inner square (Carp.), the angle formed by the inner edges of a carpenter's square.

In"ner*ly, adv. More within. [Obs.] Baret.

In"ner*most` (-mōst`), a. [A corruption of inmost due to influence of inner. See Inmost.] Farthest inward; most remote from the outward part; inmost; deepest within. Prov. xviii. 8.

In"ner*most`ly, adv. In the innermost place. [R.]

His ebon cross worn innermostly.
Mrs. Browning.

In*ner"vate (&ibreve;n*n&etilde;r"vāt), v. t. [See Innerve.] (Anat.) To supply with nerves; as, the heart is innervated by pneumogastric and sympathetic branches.

In`ner*va"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. innervation.] 1. The act of innerving or stimulating.

2. (Physiol.) Special activity excited in any part of the nervous system or in any organ of sense or motion; the nervous influence necessary for the maintenance of life, and the functions of the various organs.

3. (Anat.) The distribution of nerves in an animal, or to any of its parts.

In*nerve" (&ibreve;n*n&etilde;rv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innerved (- n&etilde;rvd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Innerving.] [Pref. in- in + nerve.] To give nervous energy or power to; to give increased energy, force, or courage to; to invigorate; to stimulate.

Inn"hold`er (?), n. One who keeps an inn.

In"ning (?), n. [AS. innung, fr. in in, prep. & adv.] 1. Ingathering; harvesting. [Obs.] Holland.

2. The state or turn of being in; specifically, in cricket, baseball, etc., the turn or time of a player or of a side at the bat; -- often in the pl. Hence: The turn or time of a person, or a party, in power; as, the Whigs went out, and the Democrats had their innings.

3. pl. Lands recovered from the sea. Ainsworth.

In*ni"ten*cy (?), n. [L. inniti, p. p. innixus, to lean upon; pref. in- in, on + niti to lean.] A leaning; pressure; weight. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

In*nix"ion (?), n. [See Innitency.] Act of leaning upon something; incumbency. [Obs.] Derham.

Inn"keep`er (?), n. An innholder.

In"no*cence (?), n. [F. innocence, L. innocentia. See Innocent.] 1. The state or quality of being innocent; freedom from that which is harmful or infurious; harmlessness.

2. The state or quality of being morally free from guilt or sin; purity of heart; blamelessness.

The silence often of pure innocence
Persuades when speaking fails.
Shak.

Banished from man's life his happiest life,
Simplicity and spotless innocence!
Milton.

3. The state or quality of being not chargeable for, or guilty of, a particular crime or offense; as, the innocence of the prisoner was clearly shown.

4. Simplicity or plainness, bordering on weakness or silliness; artlessness; ingenuousness. Chaucer. Shak.

Syn. -- Harmlessness; innocuousness; blamelessness; purity; sinlessness; guiltlessness.

In"no*cen*cy (?), n. Innocence.

In"no*cent (?), a. [F. innocent, L. innocens, -entis; pref. in- not + nocens, p. pr. of nocere to harm, hurt. See Noxious.] 1. Not harmful; free from that which can injure; innoxious; innocuous; harmless; as, an innocent medicine or remedy.

The spear
Sung innocent, and spent its force in air.
Pope.

2. Morally free from guilt; guiltless; not tainted with sin; pure; upright.

To offer up a weak, poor, innocent lamb.
Shak.

I have sinned in that I have betrayed the innocent blood.
Matt. xxvii. 4.

The aidless, innocent lady, his wished prey.
Milton.

3. Free from the guilt of a particular crime or offense; as, a man is innocent of the crime charged.

Innocent from the great transgression.
Ps. xix. 13.

4. Simple; artless; foolish. Shak.

5. Lawful; permitted; as, an innocent trade.

6. Not contraband; not subject to forfeiture; as, innocent goods carried to a belligerent nation.

Innocent party (Law), a party who has not notice of a fact tainting a litigated transaction with illegality.

Syn. -- Harmless; innoxious; innoffensive; guiltless; spotless; immaculate; pure; unblamable; blameless; faultless; guileless; upright.

In"no*cent, n. 1. An innocent person; one free from, or unacquainted with, guilt or sin. Shak.

2. An unsophisticated person; hence, a child; a simpleton; an idiot. B. Jonson.

In Scotland a natural fool was called an innocent.
Sir W. Scott.

Innocents' day (Eccl.), Childermas day.

In"no*cent*ly, adv. In an innocent manner.

In"no*cu"i*ty (?), n. Innocuousness.

In*noc"u*ous (?), a. [L. innocuus; in- not + nocuus hurtful, fr. nocere to hurt. See Innocent.] Harmless; producing no ill effect; innocent.

A patient, innocuous, innocent man.
Burton.

-- In*noc"u*ous*ly, adv. -- In*noc"u*ous*ness, n.

Where the salt sea innocuously breaks.
Wordsworth.

In"no*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innodated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Innodating (?).] [L. innodatus, p. p. of innodare; pref. in- in + nodus knot.] To bind up, as in a knot; to include. [Obs.] Fuller.

In*nom"i*na*ble (?), a. [L. innominabilis; pref. in- not + nominare to name: cf. F. innominable.] Not to be named. [R.] Testament of Love.

In*nom"i*nate (?), a. [L. innominatus; pref. in- not + nominare to name.] 1. Having no name; unnamed; as, an innominate person or place. [R.] Ray.

2. (Anat.) A term used in designating many parts otherwise unnamed; as, the innominate artery, a great branch of the arch of the aorta; the innominate vein, a great branch of the superior vena cava.

Innominate bone (Anat.), the great bone which makes a lateral half of the pelvis in mammals; hip bone; haunch bone; huckle bone. It is composed of three bones, ilium, ischium, and pubis, consolidated into one in the adult, though separate in the fetus, as also in many adult reptiles and amphibians. -- Innominate contracts (Law), in the Roman law, contracts without a specific name.

In"no*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innovated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Innovating (?).] [L. innovatus, p. p. of innovare to revew; pref. in- in + novare to make new, fr. novus new. See New.] 1. To bring in as new; to introduce as a novelty; as, to innovate a word or an act. [Archaic]

2. To change or alter by introducing something new; to remodel; to revolutionize. [Archaic] Burton.

From his attempts upon the civil power, he proceeds
to innovate God's worship.
South.

In"no*vate, v. i. To introduce novelties or changes; -- sometimes with in or on. Bacon.

Every man, therefore, is not fit to innovate.
Dryden.

In`no*va"tion (?), n. [L. innovatio; cf. F. innovation.] 1. The act of innovating; introduction of something new, in customs, rites, etc. Dryden.

2. A change effected by innovating; a change in customs; something new, and contrary to established customs, manners, or rites. Bacon.

The love of things ancient doth argue stayedness, but levity and want of experience maketh apt unto innovations.
Hooker.

3. (Bot.) A newly formed shoot, or the annually produced addition to the stems of many mosses.

In`no*va"tion*ist, n. One who favors innovation.

In"no*va*tive (?), a. Characterized by, or introducing, innovations. Fitzed. Hall.

In"no*va`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. innovateur.] One who innovates. Shak.

In*nox"ious (?), a. [L. innoxius. See In- not, and Noxious.] 1. Free from hurtful qualities or effects; harmless. "Innoxious flames." Sir K. Digby.

2. Free from crime; pure; innocent. Pope.

-- In*nox`ious*ly, adv. -- In*nox"ious*ness, n.

In*nu"bi*lous (?), a. [L. innubilus. See Nubilous.] Cloudless. [Obs.] Blount.

In`nu*en"do (?), n.; pl. Innuedoes(&?;). [L., by intimation, by hinting, gerund of innuere, innutum, to give a nod, to intimate; pref. in- in, to + -nuere (in comp.) to nod. See Nutation.] 1. An oblique hint; a remote allusion or reference, usually derogatory to a person or thing not named; an insinuation.

Mercury . . . owns it a marriage by an innuendo.
Dryden.

Pursue your trade of scandal picking;
Your innuendoes, when you tell us,
That Stella loves to talk with fellows.
Swift.

2. (Law) An averment employed in pleading, to point the application of matter otherwise unintelligible; an interpretative parenthesis thrown into quoted matter to explain an obscure word or words; -- as, the plaintiff avers that the defendant said that he (innuendo the plaintiff) was a thief. Wharton.

&fist; The term is so applied from having been the introductory word of this averment or parenthetic explanation when pleadings were in Latin. The word "meaning" is used as its equivalent in modern forms.

Syn. -- Insinuation; suggestion; hint; intimation; reference; allusion; implication; representation; -- Innuendo, Insinuation. An innuendo is an equivocal allusion so framed as to point distinctly at something which is injurious to the character or reputation of the person referred to. An insinuation turns on no such double use of language, but consists in artfully winding into the mind imputations of an injurious nature without making any direct charge.

In"nu*ent (?), a. [L. innuens, p. pr.] Conveying a hint; significant. [Obs.] Burton.

In"nu*it, n. [Native name.] (Ethnol.) An Eskimo.

In*nu`mer*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. innumerabilitas.] State of being innumerable. Fotherby.

In*nu`mer*a*ble (?), a. [L. innumerabilis : cf. F. innumefable. See In- not, and Numerable.] Not capable of being counted, enumerated, or numbered, for multitude; countless; numberless; unnumbered, hence, indefinitely numerous; of great number.

Innumerable as the stars of night.
Milton.

-- In*nu"mer*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*nu"mer*a*bly, adv.

In*nu"mer*ous (?), a. [L. innumerosus, innumerus. See Numerous.] Innumerable. [Archaic] Milton.

In`nu*tri"tion (?), n. Want of nutrition; failure of nourishment. E. Darwin.

In`nu*tri"tious (?), a. Not nutritious; not furnishing nourishment.

In*nu"tri*tive (?), a. Innutritious.

Inn"yard` (?), n. The yard adjoining an inn.

In`o*be"di*ence (?), n. [L. inoboedientia : cf. F. inobedience.] Disobedience. [Obs.] Wyclif. Chaucer.

In`o*be"di*ent (?), a. [L. inoboediens, p. pr. of inoboedire : cf. F. inobedient. See Obedient.] Not obedient; disobedient. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-- In`o*be"di*ent*ly, adv. [Obs.]

In`ob*serv"a*ble (?), a. [L. inobservabilis : cf. F. inobservable. See In- not, and Observable.] Not observable.

In`ob*serv"ance (?), a. [L. inobservantia : cf. F. inobservance.] Want or neglect of observance. Bacon.

In`ob*serv"ant (?), a. [L. inobservans. See In- not, and Observant.] Not observant; regardless; heedless. Bp. Hurd.

-- In`ob*serv"ant*ly, adv.

In*ob`ser*va"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inobservation.] Neglect or want of observation. [R.]

In`ob*tru"sive (?), a. Not obtrusive; unobtrusive.

-- In`ob*tru"sive*ly, adv. -- In`ob*tru"sive*ness, n.

In`o*car"pin (?), n. [Gr. 'i`s, 'ino`s, muscle + karpo`s fruit.] (Chem.) A red, gummy, coloring matter, extracted from the colorless juice of the Otaheite chestnut (Inocarpus edulis).

In*oc`cu*pa"tion, n. Want of occupation.

||In`o*cer"a*mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'i`s, 'ino`s, a muscle + &?; an earthen vessel.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of large, fossil, bivalve shells, allied to the mussels. The genus is characteristic of the Cretaceous period.

In*oc`u*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inoculable.

In*oc"u*la*ble (?), a. [See Inoculate.] Capable of being inoculated; capable of communicating disease, or of being communicated, by inoculation.

In*oc"u*lar (?), a. (Zoöl) Inserted in the corner of the eye; -- said of the antennæ of certain insects.

In*oc"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inoculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inoculating (?).] [L. inoculatus, p. p. of inoculare to ingraft; pref. in- in, on + oculare to furnish with eyes, fr. oculus an eye, also, a bud. See Ocular.] 1. To bud; to insert, or graft, as the bud of a tree or plant in another tree or plant.

2. To insert a foreign bud into; as, to inoculate a tree.

3. (Med.) To communicate a disease to ( a person ) by inserting infectious matter in the skin or flesh; as, to inoculate a person with the virus of smallpox, rabies, etc. See Vaccinate.

4. Fig.: To introduce into the mind; -- used especially of harmful ideas or principles; to imbue; as, to inoculate one with treason or infidelity.

In*oc"u*late, v. i. 1. To graft by inserting buds.

2. To communicate disease by inoculation.

In*oc"u*la"tion (?), n. [L. inoculatio: cf. F. inoculation.] 1. The act or art of inoculating trees or plants.

2. (Med.) The act or practice of communicating a disease to a person in health, by inserting contagious matter in his skin or flesh.

&fist; The use was formerly limited to the intentional communication of the smallpox, but is now extended to include any similar introduction of modified virus; as, the inoculation of rabies by Pasteur.

3. Fig.: The communication of principles, especially false principles, to the mind.

In*oc"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. inoculateur.] One who inoculates; one who propagates plants or diseases by inoculation.

In*o"di*ate (&ibreve;n*ō"d&ibreve;*āt), v. t. [Pref. in- in + L. odium hatred.] To make odious or hateful. [Obs.] South.

In*o"dor*ate (?), a. Inodorous. [Obs.] Bacon.

In*o"dor*ous (?), a. [L. inodorus. See In- not, and Odorous.] Emitting no odor; wthout smell; scentless; odorless. -- In*o"dor*ous*ness, n.

In"of*fen"sive (?), a. [Pref. in- not + offensiue: cf. F. inoffensif.] 1. Giving no offense, or provocation; causing no uneasiness, annoyance, or disturbance; as, an inoffensive man, answer, appearance.

2. Harmless; doing no injury or mischief. Dryden.

3. Not obstructing; presenting no interruption or hindrance. [R.] Milton.

So have I seen a river gently glide
In a smooth course, and inoffensive tide.
Addison.

-- In"of*fen"sive*ly, adv. -- In"of*fen"sive*ness, n.

In"of*fi"cial (?), a. Not official; not having official sanction or authority; not according to the forms or ceremony of official business; as, inofficial intelligence.

Pinckney and Marshall would not make inofficial visits to discuss official business.
Pickering.

Syn. -- Private; informal; unwarranted; unauthorizod; irregular; unceremonious; unprofessional.

In`of*fi"cial*ly, adv. Without the usual forms, or not in the official character.

In`of*fi"cious (?), a. [L. inofficiosus: cf. F. inofficieux. See In- not, and Officious.] 1. Indifferent to obligation or duty. [Obs.]

Thou drown'st thyself in inofficious sleep.
B. Jonson.

2. Not officious; not civil or attentive. [Obs.] Jonhson.

3. (Law) Regardless of natural obligation; contrary to natural duty; unkind; -- commonly said of a testament made without regard to natural obligation, or by which a child is unjustly deprived of inheritance. "The inofficious testament." Blackstone. "An inofficious disposition of his fortune." Paley.

In`of*fi"cious*ly, adv. Not officiously.

In"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a muscle + -gen.] (Physiol.) A complex nitrogenous substance, which, by Hermann's hypothesis, is continually decomposed and reproduced in the muscles, during their life.

In*op`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. inoperari to effect; pref. in- in + operari to operate.] Agency; influence; production of effects. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In*op"er*a*tive (?), a. [Pref. in- not + operative.] Not operative; not active; producing no effects; as, laws renderd inoperative by neglect; inoperative remedies or processes.

{ In`o*per"cu*lar (?), In`o*per"cu*late (?), } a. (Zoöl.) Having no operculum; -- said of certain gastropod shells.

In`o*pin"a*ble (?), a. [L. inopinabilis. See Inopinate.] Not to be expected; inconceivable. [Obs.] "Inopinable, incredible . . . sayings." Latimer.

In*op"i*nate (?), a. [L. inopinatus. See In- not, and Opine.] Not expected or looked for. [Obs.]

In*op`por*tune" (&?;), a. [L. inopportunus: cf. F. inopportun. See In- not, and Opportune.] Not opportune; inconvenient; unseasonable; as, an inopportune occurrence, remark, etc.

No visit could have been more inopportune.
T. Hook.

In*op`por*tune"ly, adv. Not opportunely; unseasonably; inconveniently.

In*op`por*tu"ni*ty (?), n. Want of opportunity; unseasonableness; inconvenience. [R.]

In`op*press"ive (?), a. Not oppressive or burdensome. O. Wolcott.

In*op"u*lent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + opulent: cf. F. inopulent.] Not opulent; not affluent or rich.

In*or"di*na*cy (?), n. The state or quality of being inordinate; excessiveness; immoderateness; as, the inordinacy of love or desire. Jer. Taylor.

In*or"di*nate (?), a. [L. inordinatus disordered. See In- not, and Ordinate.] Not limited to rules prescribed, or to usual bounds; irregular; excessive; immoderate; as, an inordinate love of the world. "Inordinate desires." Milton. "Inordinate vanity." Burke.

-- In*or"di*nate*ly, adv. -- In*or"di*nate*ness, n.

In*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [L. inordinatio.] Deviation from custom, rule, or right; irregularity; inordinacy. [Obs.] South.

Every inordination of religion that is not in defect, is properly called superstition.
Jer. Taylor.

In`or*gan"ic (?), a. [Pref. in- not + organic: cf. F. inorganique.] Not organic; without the organs necessary for life; devoid of an organized structure; unorganized; lifeness; inanimate; as, all chemical compounds are inorganic substances.

&fist; The term inorganic is used to denote any one the large series of substances (as minerals, metals, etc.), which are not directly connected with vital processes, either in origin or nature, and which are broadly and relatively contrasted with organic substances. See Organic.

Inorganic Chemistry. See under Chemistry.

In`or*gan"ic*al (?), a. Inorganic. Locke.

In`or*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. In an inorganic manner.

In`or*gan"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being inorganic. [Obs.] "The inorganity of the soul." Sir T. Browne.

In*or`gan*i*za"tion (?), n. The state of being without organization.

In*or"gan*ized (?), a. Not having organic structure; devoid of organs; inorganic.

In`or*thog"ra*phy (?), n. Deviation from correct orthography; bad spelling. [Obs.] Feltham.

In*os"cu*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inosculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inosculating (?).] [Pref. in- in + osculate.] 1. To unite by apposition or contact, as two tubular vessels at their extremities; to anastomose.

2. To intercommunicate; to interjoin.

The several monthly divisions of the journal may inosculate, but not the several volumes.
De Quincey.

In*os"cu*late (?), v. t. 1. To unite by apposition or contact, as two vessels in an animal body. Berkeley.

2. To unite intimately; to cause to become as one.

They were still together, grew
(For so they said themselves) inosculated.
Tennyson.

In*os`cu*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inosculation.] The junction or connection of vessels, channels, or passages, so that their contents pass from one to the other; union by mouths or ducts; anastomosis; intercommunication; as, inosculation of veins, etc. Ray.

In`o*sin"ic (?), a. [From Inosite.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, inosite; as, inosinic acid.

In"o*site (?), n. [Gr. 'i`s, 'ino`s, strength, muscle.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white crystalline substance with a sweet taste, found in certain animal tissues and fluids, particularly in the muscles of the heart and lungs, also in some plants, as in unripe pease, beans, potato sprouts, etc. Called also phaseomannite.

&fist; Chemically, it has the composition represented by the formula, C6H12O6+H2O, and was formerly regarded as a carbohydrate, isomeric with dextrose, but is now known to be an aromatic compound (a hexacid phenol derivative of benzene).

In*ox"idi`za*ble (?), a. (Chem.) Incapable of being oxidized; as, gold and platinum are inoxidizable in the air.

In*ox"i*dize (?), v. i. To prevent or hinder oxidation, rust, or decay; as, inoxidizing oils or varnishes.

||In` pos"se (?). [L.] In possibility; possible, although not yet in existence or come to pass; -- contradistinguished from in esse.

In`quar*ta"tion (?), n. Quartation.

In"quest (?), n. [OE. enqueste, OF. enqueste, F. enquête, LL. inquesta, for inquisita, fr. L. inquisitus, p. p. of inquirere. See Inquire.] 1. Inquiry; quest; search. [R.] Spenser.

The laborious and vexatious inquest that the soul must make after science.
South.

2. (Law) (a) Judicial inquiry; official examination, esp. before a jury; as, a coroner's inquest in case of a sudden death. (b) A body of men assembled under authority of law to inquire into any matter, civil or criminal, particularly any case of violent or sudden death; a jury, particularly a coroner's jury. The grand jury is sometimes called the grand inquest. See under Grand. (c) The finding of the jury upon such inquiry.

Coroner's inquest, an inquest held by a coroner to determine the cause of any violent, sudden, or mysterious death. See Coroner. -- Inquest of office, an inquiry made, by authority or direction of proper officer, into matters affecting the rights and interests of the crown or of the state. Craig. Bouvier.

In*qui"et (?), v. t. [L. inquietare: cf. F. inquieter. See Quiet.] To disquiet. [Obs.] Joye.

In*qui`e*ta"tion (?), n. [L. inquietatio : cf. F. inquielation.] Disturbance. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

In*qui"et*ness, n. Unquietness. [Obs.] Joye.

In*qui"e*tude (?), n. [L. inquietudo: cf. F. inquietude.] Disturbed state; uneasiness either of body or mind; restlessness; disquietude. Sir H. Wotton.

In"qui*line (?), n. [L. inquilinus a tenant, lodger.] (Zoöl.) A gallfly which deposits its eggs in galls formed by other insects.

In"qui*nate (?), v. t. [L. inquinatus, p. p. of inquinare to defile.] To defile; to pollute; to contaminate; to befoul. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In`qui*na"tion (?), n. [L. inquinatio.] A defiling; pollution; stain. [Obs.] Bacon.

In*quir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. enquerable.] Capable of being inquired into; subject or liable to inquisition or inquest. Bacon.

In*quir"ance (?), n. Inquiry. [Obs.] Latimer.

In*quire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inquired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inquiring.] [OE. enqueren, inqueren, OF. enquerre, F. enquérir, L. inquirere, inquisitum; pref. in- in + quarere to seek. See Quest a seeking, and cf. Inquiry.] [Written also enquire.] 1. To ask a question; to seek for truth or information by putting queries.

We will call the damsel, and inquire.
Gen. xxiv. 57.

Then David inquired of the Lord yet again. And the Lord answered him.
1 Sam. xxiii. 4.

2. To seek to learn anything by recourse to the proper means of knowledge; to make examination.

And inquire
Gladly into the ways of God with man.
Miltom.

&fist; This word is followed by of before the person asked; as, to inquire of a neighbor. It is followed by concerning, after, or about, before the subject of inquiry; as, his friends inquired about or concerning his welfare. "Thou dost not inquire wisely concerning this." Eccl. vii. 10. It is followed by into when search is made for particular knowledge or information; as, to inquire into the cause of a sudden death. It is followed by for or after when a place or person is sought, or something is missing. "Inquire in the house of Judas for one called Saul of Tarsus." Acts ix. 11.

In*quire", v. t. 1. To ask about; to seek to know by asking; to make examination or inquiry respecting.

Having thus at length inquired the truth concerning law and dispense.
Milton.

And all obey and few inquire his will.
Byron.

2. To call or name. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn. -- To ask; question. See Question.

In*quir"ent (?), a. [L. inquirens, p. pr.] Making inquiry; inquiring; questioning. [Obs.] Shenstone.

In*quir"er (?), n. [Written also enquirer.] One who inquires or examines; questioner; investigator. Locke.

Expert inquirers after truth.
Cowper.

In*quir"ing, a. Given to inquiry; disposed to investigate causes; curious; as, an inquiring mind.

In*quir"ing*ly, adv. In an inquiring manner.

In*quir"y (?), n.; pl. Inquiries (#). [See Inquire.] [Written also enquiry.] 1. The act of inquiring; a seeking for information by asking questions; interrogation; a question or questioning.

He could no path nor track of foot descry,
Nor by inquiry learn, nor guess by aim.
Spenser.

The men which were sent from Cornelius had made inquiry for Simon's house, and stood before the gate.
Acts x. 17.

2. Search for truth, information, or knowledge; examination into facts or principles; research; investigation; as, physical inquiries.

All that is wanting to the perfection of this art will undoubtedly be found, if able men . . . will make inquiry into it.
Dryden.

Court of inquiry. See under Court. -- Writ of inquiry, a writ issued in certain actions at law, where the defendant has suffered judgment to pass against him by default, in order to ascertain and assess the plaintiff's damages, where they can not readily be ascertained by mere calculation. Burrill.

Syn. -- Interrogation; interrogatory; question; query; scrutiny; investigation; research; examination.

In*quis"i*ble (?), a. Admitting judicial inquiry. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

In`qui*si"tion (?), n. [L. inquisitio : cf. F. inquisition. See Inquire, and cf. Inquest.] 1. The act of inquiring; inquiry; search; examination; inspection; investigation.

As I could learn through earnest inquisition.
Latimer.

Let not search and inquisition quail
To bring again these foolish runaways.
Shak.

2. (Law) (a) Judicial inquiry; official examination; inquest. (b) The finding of a jury, especially such a finding under a writ of inquiry. Bouvier.

The justices in eyre had it formerly in charge to make inquisition concerning them by a jury of the county.
Blackstone.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A court or tribunal for the examination and punishment of heretics, fully established by Pope Gregory IX. in 1235. Its operations were chiefly confined to Spain, Portugal, and their dependencies, and a part of Italy.

In`qui*si"tion, v. t. To make inquisition concerning; to inquire into. [Obs.] Milton.

In`qui*si"tion*al (?), a. [LL. inquisitionalis.] Relating to inquiry or inquisition; inquisitorial; also, of or pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Inquisition.

All the inquisitional rigor . . . executed upon books.
Milton.

In`qui*si"tion*a*ry, (&?;), a. [Cf. F. inquisitionnaire.] [R.] Inquisitional.

In*quis"i*tive (?), a. [OE. inquisitif, F. inquisitif.] 1. Disposed to ask questions, especially in matters which do not concern the inquirer.

A wise man is not inquisitive about things impertinent.
Broome.

2. Given to examination, investigation, or research; searching; curious.

A young, inquisitive, and sprightly genius.
I. Watts.

Syn. -- Inquiring; prying; curious; meddling; intrusive. - - Inquisitive, Curious, Prying. Curious denotes a feeling, and inquisitive a habit. We are curious when we desire to learn something new; we are inquisitive when we set ourselves to gain it by inquiry or research. Prying implies inquisitiveness, and is more commonly used in a bad sense, as indicating a desire to penetrate into the secrets of others.

[We] curious are to hear,
What happens new.
Milton.

This folio of four pages [a newspaper], happy work!
Which not even critics criticise; that holds
Inquisitive attention, while I read.
Cowper.

Nor need we with a prying eye survey
The distant skies, to find the Milky Way.
Creech.

In*quis"i*tive, n. A person who is inquisitive; one curious in research. Sir W. Temple.

In*quis"i*tive*ly, adv. In an inquisitive manner.

The occasion that made him afterwards so inquisitively apply himself to the study of physic.
Boyle.

In*quis"i*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being inquisitive; the disposition to seek explanation and information; curiosity to learn what is unknown; esp., uncontrolled and impertinent curiosity.

Mr. Boswell, whose inquisitiveness is seconded by great activity, scrambled in at a high window.
Johnson.

Curiosity in children nature has provided, to remove that ignorance they were born with; which, without this busy inquisitiveness, will make them dull.
Locke.

In*quis"i*tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. inquisiteur. See Inquire.] 1. An inquisitive person; one fond of asking questions. [R.] "Inquisitors are tatlers." Feltham.

2. (Law) One whose official duty it is to examine and inquire, as coroners, sheriffs, etc. Mozley & W.

3. (R.C.Ch.) A member of the Court of Inquisition.

In*quis`i*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. inquisitorial.] 1. Pertaining to inquisition; making rigorous and unfriendly inquiry; searching; as, inquisitorial power. "Illiberal and inquisitorial abuse." F. Blackburne.

He conferred on it a kind of inquisitorial and censorious power even over the laity, and directed it to inquire into all matters of conscience.
Hume.

2. Pertaining to the Court of Inquisition or resembling its practices. "Inquisitorial robes." C. Buchanan.

In*quis`i*to"ri*al*ly, adv. In an inquisitorial manner.

In*quis`i*to"ri*ous (?), a. Making strict inquiry; inquisitorial. [Obs.] Milton.

In*quis`i*tu"ri*ent (?), a. Inquisitorial. [Obs.] "Our inquisiturient bishops." Milton.

In*rac"i*nate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + F. racine root: cf. F. enraciner.] To enroot or implant.

In*rail" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inrailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inrailing.] To rail in; to inclose or surround, as with rails. Hooker.

In*reg"is*ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inregistered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inregistering.] [Pref. in- in + register: cf. F. enregistrer. Cf. Enregister.] To register; to enter, as in a register. [R.] Walsh.

In"road` (&ibreve;n"rōd`), n. The entrance of an enemy into a country with purposes of hostility; a sudden or desultory incursion or invasion; raid; encroachment.

The loss of Shrewsbury exposed all North Wales to the daily inroads of the enemy.
Clarendon.

With perpetual inroads to alarm,
Though inaccessible, his fatal throne.
Milton.

Syn. -- Invasion; incursion; irruption. See Invasion.

In*road" (&ibreve;n*rōd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inroaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Inroading.] To make an inroad into; to invade. [Obs.]

The Saracens . . . conquered Spain, inroaded Aquitaine.
Fuller.

In*roll" (?), v. t. See Enroll.

In"run`ning (?), n. The act or the place of entrance; an inlet. Tennyson.

In"rush` (?), n. A rush inwards; as, the inrush of the tide. G. Eliot.

In*rush" (?), v. i. To rush in. [Obs.] Holland.

||In*sab`ba*ta"ti (?), n. pl. [LL. Insabatati. See 1st In-, and Sabot.] The Waldenses; -- so called from their peculiarly cut or marked sabots, or shoes.

In*safe"ty (?), n. Insecurity; danger. [Obs.]

In*sal`i*va"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The mixing of the food with the saliva and other secretions of the mouth in eating.

In`sa*lu"bri*ous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + salubrious: cf. L. insalubris, F. insalubre.] Not salubrious or healthful; unwholesome; as, an insalubrious air or climate.

In`sa*lu"bri*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. insalubrite.] Unhealthfulness; unwholesomeness; as, the insalubrity of air, water, or climate. Boyle.

In*sal"u*ta*ry (?), a. [L. insaluteris : cf. F. insalutaire. See In- not, and Salutary.] 1. Not salutary or wholesome; unfavorable to health.

2. Not tending to safety; productive of evil.

In*san`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being insanable or incurable; insanableness.

In*san"a*ble (?), a. [L. insanabilis; cf. OF. insanable. See In- not, and Sanable.] Not capable of being healed; incurable; irremediable.

In*san"a*ble*ness, n. The state of being insanable; insanability; incurableness.

In*san"a*bly, adv. In an incurable manner.

In*sane" (?), a. [L. insanus. See In- not, and Sane.] 1. Exhibiting unsoundness or disorder of mind; not sane; mad; deranged in mind; delirious; distracted. See Insanity, 2.

2. Used by, or appropriated to, insane persons; as, an insane hospital.

3. Causing insanity or madness. [R.]

Or have we eaten on the insaneroot
That takes the reason prisoner ?
Shak.

4. Characterized by insanity or the utmost folly; chimerical; unpractical; as, an insane plan, attempt, etc.

I know not which was the insane measure.
Southey.

In*sane"ly, adv. Without reason; madly; foolishly.

In*sane"ness, n. Insanity; madness.

In*sa"ni*ate (?), v. t. To render unsound; to make mad. [Obs.] Feltham.

In*sa"nie (?), n. Insanity. [Obs.] Shak.

In*san"i*ta*ry (?), a. Not sanitary; unhealthy; as, insanitary conditions of drainage.

In*san`i*ta"tion (?), n. Lack of sanitation; careless or dangerous hygienic conditions.

In*san"i*ty (?), n. [L. insanitas unsoundness; cf. insania insanity, F. insanite.] 1. The state of being insane; unsoundness or derangement of mind; madness; lunacy.

All power of fancy over reason is a degree of insanity.
Johnson.

Without grace
The heart's insanity admits no cure.
Cowper.

2. (Law) Such a mental condition, as, either from the existence of delusions, or from incapacity to distinguish between right and wrong, with regard to any matter under action, does away with individual responsibility.

Syn. -- Insanity, Lunacy, Madness, Derangement, Alienation, Aberration, Mania, Delirium, Frenzy, Monomania, Dementia. Insanity is the generic term for all such diseases; lunacy has now an equal extent of meaning, though once used to denote periodical insanity; madness has the same extent, though originally referring to the rage created by the disease; derangement, alienation, are popular terms for insanity; delirium, mania, and frenzy denote excited states of the disease; dementia denotes the loss of mental power by this means; monomania is insanity upon a single subject.

In*sa"po*ry (?), a. [Pref. in- not + sapor.] Tasteless; unsavory. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

In*sa`tia*bil"i*ty (?), n., [L. insatiabilitas; cf. F. insatiabilite.] The state or quality of being insatiable; insatiableness.

Eagerness for increase of possession deluges the soul, and we sink into the gulfs of insatiability.
Rambler.

In*sa"tia*ble (?), a. [F. insatiable, L. ionsatiabilis. See In- not, and Satiable.] Not satiable; incapable of being satisfied or appeased; very greedy; as, an insatiable appetite, thirst, or desire.

"Insatiable of glory."
Milton.

In*sa"tia*ble*ness, n. Greediness of appetite that can not be satisfied or appeased; insatiability.

The eye of the covetous hath a more particular insatiableness.
Bp. Hall.

In*sa"tia*bly, adv. In an insatiable manner or degree; unappeasably. "Insatiably covetous." South.

In*sa"ti*ate (?), a. [L. insatiatus.] Insatiable; as, insatiate thirst.

The insatiate greediness of his desires.
Shak.

And still insatiate, thirsting still for blood.
Hook.

In*sa"ti*ate*ly, adv. Insatiably. Sir T. Herbert.

In*sa"ti*ate*ness, n. The state of being insatiate.

In`sa*ti"e*ty (?), n. [L. insatietas: cf. F. insatiete. See Satiety.] Insatiableness. T. Grander.

In*sat`is*fac"tion (?), n. 1. Insufficiency; emptiness. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Dissatisfaction. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In*sat"u*ra*ble (?), a. [L. insaturabilis: cf. F. insaturable. See In- not, and Saturable.] Not capable of being saturated or satisfied.

In"science (&ibreve;n"shens; 277), n. [L. inscientia: cf. F. inscience.] Want of knowledge; ignorance. [Obs.]

In"scient (&ibreve;n"shent), a. [L. insciens, -entis, ignorant. See In- not, and Scient, Science.] Having little or no knowledge; ignorant; stupid; silly. [R.] N. Bacon.

In"scient, a. [Pref. in- in + L. sciens knowing.] Having knowledge or insight; intelligent. [R.]

Gaze on, with inscient vision, toward the sun.
Mrs. Browning.

In*sconce" (?), v. t. See Ensconce.

In*scrib"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being inscribed, -- used specif. (Math.) of solids or plane figures capable of being inscribed in other solids or figures.

In*scrib"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being inscribable.

In*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inscribing.] [L. inscribere. See 1st In-, and Scribe.] 1. To write or engrave; to mark down as something to be read; to imprint.

Inscribe a verse on this relenting stone.
Pope.

2. To mark with letters, characters, or words.

O let thy once lov'd friend inscribe thy stone.
Pope.

3. To assign or address to; to commend to by a short address; to dedicate informally; as, to inscribe an ode to a friend. Dryden.

4. To imprint deeply; to impress; to stamp; as, to inscribe a sentence on the memory.

5. (Geom.) To draw within so as to meet yet not cut the boundaries.

&fist; A line is inscribed in a circle, or in a sphere, when its two ends are in the circumference of the circle, or in the surface of the sphere. A triangle is inscribed in another triangle, when the three angles of the former are severally on the three sides of the latter. A circle is inscribed in a polygon, when it touches each side of the polygon. A sphere is inscribed in a polyhedron, when the sphere touches each boundary plane of the polyhedron. The latter figure in each case is circumscribed about the former.

In*scrib"er (?), n. One who inscribes. Pownall.

In*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. Capable of being inscribed; inscribable.

In*scrip"tion (?), n. [L. inscriptio, fr. inscribere, inscriptum, to inscribe: cf. F. inscription. See Inscribe.] 1. The act or process of inscribing.

2. That which is inscribed; something written or engraved; especially, a word or words written or engraved on a solid substance for preservation or public inspection; as, inscriptions on monuments, pillars, coins, medals, etc.

3. (Anat.) A line of division or intersection; as, the tendinous inscriptions, or intersections, of a muscle.

4. An address, consignment, or informal dedication, as of a book to a person, as a mark of respect or an invitation of patronage.

In*scrip"tive (?), a. Bearing inscription; of the character or nature of an inscription.

In*scroll" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inscrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inscrolling.] To write on a scroll; to record. [Written also inscrol.] Shak.

In*scru`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inscrutable; inscrutableness.

In*scru"ta*ble (?), a. [L. inscrutabilis : cf. F. inscrutable. See In- not, and Scrutiny.] Unsearchable; incapable of being searched into and understood by inquiry or study; impossible or difficult to be explained or accounted for satisfactorily; obscure; incomprehensible; as, an inscrutable design or event.

'T is not in man
To yield a reason for the will of Heaven
Which is inscrutable.
Beau. & Fl.

Waiving a question so inscrutable as this.
De Quincey.

In*scru"ta*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inscrutable; inscrutability.

In*scru"ta*bly, adv. In an inscrutable manner.

In*sculp" (?), v. t. [L. insculpere: cf. F. insculper. See 1st In-, and Sculptor.] To engrave; to carve; to sculpture. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

Which he insculped in two likely stones.
Drayton.

In*sculp"tion (?), n. Inscription. [Obs.]

In*sculp"ture (?), n. An engraving, carving, or inscription. [Obs.]

On his gravestone this insculpture.
Shak.

In*sculp"tured (?), p. a. Engraved. Glover.

In*seam" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inseamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inseaming.] To impress or mark with a seam or cicatrix. Pope.

In*search" (?), v. t. To make search after; to investigate or examine; to ensearch. [Obs.]

In*sec"a*ble (&ibreve;n*s&ebreve;k"&adot;*b'l), a. [L. insecabilis; pref. in- not + secabilis that may be cut: cf. F. insecable.] Incapable of being divided by cutting; indivisible.

In"sect (&ibreve;n"s&ebreve;kt), n. [F. insecte, L. insectum, fr. insectus, p. p. of insecare to cut in. See Section. The name was originally given to certain small animals, whose bodies appear cut in, or almost divided. Cf. Entomology.] 1. (Zoöl.) One of the Insecta; esp., one of the Hexapoda. See Insecta.

&fist; The hexapod insects pass through three stages during their growth, viz., the larva, pupa, and imago or adult, but in some of the orders the larva differs little from the imago, except in lacking wings, and the active pupa is very much like the larva, except in having rudiments of wings. In the higher orders, the larva is usually a grub, maggot, or caterpillar, totally unlike the adult, while the pupa is very different from both larva and imago and is inactive, taking no food.

2. (Zoöl.) Any air-breathing arthropod, as a spider or scorpion.

3. (Zoöl.) Any small crustacean. In a wider sense, the word is often loosely applied to various small invertebrates.

4. Fig.: Any small, trivial, or contemptible person or thing. Thomson.

Insect powder, a powder used for the extermination of insects; esp., the powdered flowers of certain species of Pyrethrum, a genus now merged in Chrysanthemum. Called also Persian powder.

In"sect (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to an insect or insects.

2. Like an insect; small; mean; ephemeral.

||In*sec"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Insect.] 1. (Zoöl.) One of the classes of Arthropoda, including those that have one pair of antennæ, three pairs of mouth organs, and breathe air by means of tracheæ, opening by spiracles along the sides of the body. In this sense it includes the Hexapoda, or six-legged insects and the Myriapoda, with numerous legs. See Insect, n.

2. (Zoöl.) In a more restricted sense, the Hexapoda alone. See Hexapoda.

3. (Zoöl.) In the most general sense, the Hexapoda, Myriapoda, and Arachnoidea, combined.

&fist; The typical Insecta, or hexapod insects, are divided into several orders, viz.: Hymenoptera, as the bees and ants; Diptera, as the common flies and gnats; Aphaniptera, or fleas; Lepidoptera, or moths and butterflies; Neuroptera, as the ant-lions and hellgamite; Coleoptera, or beetles; Hemiptera, as bugs, lice, aphids; Orthoptera, as grasshoppers and cockroaches; Pseudoneuroptera, as the dragon flies and termites; Euplexoptera, or earwigs; Thysanura, as the springtails, podura, and lepisma. See these words in the Vocabulary.

In"sec*ta*ry (?), n. A place for keeping living insects. -- In`sec*ta"ri*um (#), n. [L.]

In`sec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. insectatio. See Insectator.] The act of pursuing; pursuit; harassment; persecution. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

In`sec*ta"tor (?), n. [L., fr. insectari to pursue, freq. fr. insequi. See Ensue.] A pursuer; a persecutor; a censorious critic. [Obs.] Bailey.

In"sect*ed (?), a. Pertaining to, having the nature of, or resembling, an insect. Howell.

In*sec"ti*cide (?), n. [Insect + L. caedere to kill.] An agent or preparation for destroying insects; an insect powder. -- In*sec"ti*ci`dal (#), a.

In*sec"tile (?), a. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, insects. Bacon.

In*sec"tion (?), n. [See Insect.] A cutting in; incisure; incision.

||In`sec*tiv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. insectum an insect + vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.) 1. An order of mammals which feed principally upon insects.

&fist; They are mostly of small size, and their molar teeth have sharp cusps. Most of the species burrow in the earth, and many of those of cold climates hibernate in winter. The order includes the moles, shrews, hedgehogs, tanrecs, and allied animals, also the colugo.

2. A division of the Cheiroptera, including the common or insect-eating bats.

In*sec"ti*vore (?), n.; pl. Insectivores (-vōrz). [F.] (Zoöl.) One of the Insectivora.

In`sec*tiv"o*rous (?), a. [See Insectivora.] Feeding or subsisting on insects; carnivorous. The term is applied: (a) to plants which have some special adaptation for catching and digesting insects, as the sundew, Venus's flytrap, Sarracenia, etc. (b) to the Insectivora, and to many bats, birds, and reptiles.

In`sec*tol"o*ger (?), n. An entomologist. [Obs.]

In`sec*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Insect + -logy: cf. F. insectologie.] Entomology. [Obs.]

In`se*cure" (?), a. 1. Not secure; not confident of safety or permanence; distrustful; suspicious; apprehensive of danger or loss.

With sorrow and insecure apprehensions.
Jer. Taylor.

2. Not effectually guarded, protected, or sustained; unsafe; unstable; exposed to danger or loss. Bp. Hurg.

The trade with Egypt was exceedingly insecure and precarious.
Mickle.

In`se*cure"ly, adv. In an insecure manner.

In`se*cure"ness, n. Insecurity.

In`se*cu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl. Insecurities (#). [Pref. in- not + security : cf. LL. insecuritas, F. insecurite.] 1. The condition or quality of being insecure; want of safety; danger; hazard; as, the insecurity of a building liable to fire; insecurity of a debt.

2. The state of feeling insecure; uncertainty; want of confidence.

With what insecurity of truth we ascribe effects . . . unto arbitrary calculations.
Sir T. Browne.

A time of insecurity, when interests of all sorts become objects of speculation.
Burke.

In`se*cu"tion (?), n. [L. insecutio, fr. insequi p. p. insecutus. See Ensue.] A following after; close pursuit. [Obs.] Chapman.

In*sem"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. inseminatus, p. p. of inseminare to sow. See Seminate.] To sow; to impregnate. [Obs.]

In*sem`i*na"tion (?), n. A sowing. [Obs.]

In*sen"sate (?), a. [L. insensatus. See In- not, and Sensate.] Wanting sensibility; destitute of sense; stupid; foolish.

The silence and the calm
Of mute, insensate things.
Wordsworth.

The meddling folly or insensate ambition of statesmen.
Buckle.

-- In*sen"sate*ly, adv. -- In*sen"sate*ness, n.

In*sense" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + sense.] To make to understand; to instruct. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

In*sen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. insensibilité.]

1. The state or quality of being insensible; want of sensibility; torpor; unconsciousness; as, the insensibility produced by a fall, or by opiates.

2. Want of tenderness or susceptibility of emotion or passion; dullness; stupidity.

Syn. -- Dullness; numbness; unfeelingness; stupidity; torpor; apathy; impassiveness; indifference.

In*sen"si*ble (?), a. [L. insensibilis: cf. F. insensible. See In- not, and Sensible.]

1. Destitute of the power of feeling or perceiving; wanting bodily sensibility. Milton.

2. Not susceptible of emotion or passion; void of feeling; apathetic; unconcerned; indifferent; as, insensible to danger, fear, love, etc.; -- often used with of or to.

Accept an obligation without being a slave to the giver, or insensible to his kindness.
Sir H. Wotton.

Lost in their loves, insensible of shame.
Dryden.

3. Incapable of being perceived by the senses; imperceptible. Hence: Progressing by imperceptible degrees; slow; gradual; as, insensible motion.

Two small and almost insensible pricks were found upon Cleopatra's arm.
Sir T. Browne.

They fall away,
And languish with insensible decay.
Dryden.

4. Not sensible or reasonable; meaningless. [Obs.]

If it make the indictment be insensible or uncertain, it shall be quashed.
Sir M. Hale.

Syn. -- Imperceptible; imperceivable; dull; stupid; torpid; numb; unfeeling; apathetic; stoical; impassive; indifferent; unsusceptible; hard; callous.

In*sen"si*ble*ness, n. Insensibility. Bp. Hall.

In*sen"si*bly, adv. In a manner not to be felt or perceived; imperceptibly; gradually.

The hills rise insensibly.
Addison.

In*sen"si*tive (?), a. Not sensitive; wanting sensation, or wanting acute sensibility. Tillotson. Ruskin.

In*sen"su*ous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + sensuous.] Not sensuous; not pertaining to, affecting, or addressing, the senses.

That intermediate door
Betwixt the different planes of sensuous form
And form insensuous.
Mrs. Browning.

In*sen"ti*ent (?), a. Not sentient; not having perception, or the power of perception.

The . . . attributes of an insentient, inert substance.
Reid.

But there can be nothing like to this sensation in the rose, because it is insentient.
Sir W. Hamilton.

In*sep`a*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. inseparabilitas: cf. F. inséparabilité.] The quality or state of being inseparable; inseparableness. Locke.

In*sep"a*ra*ble (?), a. [L. inseparabilis: cf. F. inséparable. See In- , and Separable.]

1. Not separable; incapable of being separated or disjoined.

The history of every language is inseparable from that of the people by whom it is spoken.
Mure.

Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable.
D. Webster.

2. (Gram.) Invariably attached to some word, stem, or root; as, the inseparable particle un- .

In*sep"a*ra*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inseparable; inseparability. Bp. Burnet.

In*sep"a*ra*bly, adv. In an inseparable manner or condition; so as not to be separable. Bacon.

And cleaves through life inseparably close.
Cowper.

In*sep"a*rate (?), a. [L. inseparatus. See In- not, and Separate.] Not separate; together; united. Shak.

In*sep"a*rate*ly, adv. Inseparably. [Obs.] Cranmer.

In*sert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inserting.] [L. insertus, p. p. of inserere to insert; pref. in- in + serere to join, connect. See Series.] To set within something; to put or thrust in; to introduce; to cause to enter, or be included, or contained; as, to insert a scion in a stock; to insert a letter, word, or passage in a composition; to insert an advertisement in a newspaper.

These words were very weakly inserted where they will be so liable to misconstruction.
Bp. Stillingfleet.

In*sert"ed, a. (Bot.) Situated upon, attached to, or growing out of, some part; -- said especially of the parts of the flower; as, the calyx, corolla, and stamens of many flowers are inserted upon the receptacle. Gray.

In*sert"ing, n. 1. A setting in.

2. Something inserted or set in, as lace, etc., in garments. [R.]

In*ser"tion (?), n. [L. insertio: cf. F. insertion. See Insert.]

1. The act of inserting; as, the insertion of scions in stocks; the insertion of words or passages in writings.

2. The condition or mode of being inserted or attached; as, the insertion of stamens in a calyx.

3. That which is set in or inserted, especially a narrow strip of embroidered lace, muslin, or cambric.

4. (Anat.) The point or part by which a muscle or tendon is attached to the part to be moved; -- in contradistinction to its origin.

Epigynous insertion (Bot.), the insertion of stamens upon the ovary. -- Hypogynous insertion (Bot.), insertion beneath the ovary.

In*serve" (?), v. i. [L. inservire; in- in + servire to serve.] To be of use to an end; to serve. [Obs.]

In*serv"i*ent (?), a. [L. inserviens, p. pr. of inservire.] Conducive; instrumental. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In*ses"sion (?), n. [L. insessio, fr. insidere, insessum, to sit in. See Insidious.]

1. The act of sitting, as in a tub or bath. "Used by way of fomentation, insession, or bath." [R.] Holland.

2. That in which one sits, as a bathing tub. [R.]

Insessions be bathing tubs half full.
Holland.

||In*ses"sor (?), n.; pl. Insessores (#). [See Insessores.] (Zoöl.) One of the Insessores. The group includes most of the common singing birds.

||In`ses*so"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. insessor, lit., one who sits down, fr. incidere. See Insession.] (Zoöl.) An order of birds, formerly established to include the perching birds, but now generally regarded as an artificial group.

In`ses*so"ri*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) 1. Pertaining to, or having the character of, perching birds.

2. Belonging or pertaining to the Insessores.

In*set" (?), v. t. To infix. [Obs.] Chaucer.

In"set (?), n. 1. That which is inserted or set in; an insertion.

2. (Bookbinding) One or more separate leaves inserted in a volume before binding; as: (a) A portion of the printed sheet in certain sizes of books which is cut off before folding, and set into the middle of the folded sheet to complete the succession of paging; -- also called offcut. (b) A page or pages of advertisements inserted.

In*sev"er*a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being severed; indivisible; inseparable. De Quincey.

In*shad"ed (?), a. Marked with different shades. W. Browne.

In"shave` (?), n. (Mech.) A plane for shaving or dressing the concave or inside faces of barrel staves.

In*sheathe" (?), v. t. To insert as in a sheath; to sheathe. Hughes.

In*shell" (?), v. t. To hide in a shell. [Obs.] Shak.

In*ship" (?), v. t. To embark. [Obs.] Shak.

In"shore` (?), a. Being near or moving towards the shore; as, inshore fisheries; inshore currents. -- adv. Towards the shore; as, the boat was headed inshore.

In*shrine" (?), v. t. See Enshrine.

In`sic*ca"tion (?), n. The act or process of drying in.

In"side` (?), prep. or adv. Within the sides of; in the interior; contained within; as, inside a house, book, bottle, etc.

In"side`, a. 1. Being within; included or inclosed in anything; contained; interior; internal; as, the inside passengers of a stagecoach; inside decoration.

Kissing with inside lip.
Shak.

2. Adapted to the interior.

Inside callipers (Mech.), callipers for measuring the diameters of holes, etc. -- Inside finish (Arch.), a general term for the final work in any building necessary for its completion, but other than unusual decoration; thus, in joiner work, the doors and windows, inside shutters, door and window trimmings, paneled jams, baseboards, and sometimes flooring and stairs; in plaster work, the finishing coat, the cornices, centerpieces, etc.; in painting, all simple painting of woodwork and plastering. -- Inside track, the inner part of a race course; hence, colloquially, advantage of place, facilities, etc., in competition.

In"side`, n. 1. The part within; interior or internal portion; content.

Looked he o' the inside of the paper?
Shak.

2. pl. The inward parts; entrails; bowels; hence, that which is within; private thoughts and feelings.

Here's none but friends; we may speak
Our insides freely.
Massinger.

3. An inside passenger of a coach or carriage, as distinguished from one upon the outside. [Colloq. Eng.]

So down thy hill, romantic Ashbourne, glides
The Derby dilly, carrying three insides.
Anti- Jacobin.

Patent insides or outsides, a name give to newspaper sheets printed on one side with general and miscellaneous matter, and furnished wholesale to offices of small newspapers, where the blank pages are filled up with recent and local news.

In*sid"i*ate (?), v. t. [L. insidiatus, p. p. of insidiare to lie in ambush, fr. insidiae. See Insidious.] To lie in ambush for. [Obs.] Heywood.

In*sid"i*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who lies in ambush. [Obs.] Barrow.

In*sid"i*ous (?), a. [L. insidiosus, fr. insidiae an ambush, fr. insidere to sit in; pref. in- + sedere to sit: cf. F. insidieux. See Sit.]

1. Lying in wait; watching an opportunity to insnare or entrap; deceitful; sly; treacherous; -- said of persons; as, the insidious foe. "The insidious witch." Cowper.

2. Intended to entrap; characterized by treachery and deceit; as, insidious arts.

The insidious whisper of the bad angel.
Hawthorne.

Insidious disease (Med.), a disease existing, without marked symptoms, but ready to become active upon some slight occasion; a disease not appearing to be as bad as it really is.

Syn. -- Crafty; wily; artful; sly; designing; guileful; circumventive; treacherous; deceitful; deceptive.

-- In*sid"i*ous*ly, adv. -- In*sid"i*ous*ness, n.

In"sight` (?), n. 1. A sight or view of the interior of anything; a deep inspection or view; introspection; -- frequently used with into.

He had an insight into almost all the secrets of state.
Jortin.

2. Power of acute observation and deduction; penetration; discernment; perception.

Quickest insight
In all things that to greatest actions lead.
Milton.

In*sig"ni*a (?), n. pl. [L. insigne, pl. insignia, fr. insignis distinguished by a mark; pref. in- in + signum a mark, sign. See Ensign, Sign.]

1. Distinguishing marks of authority, office, or honor; badges; tokens; decorations; as, the insignia of royalty or of an order.

2. Typical and characteristic marks or signs, by which anything is known or distinguished; as, the insignia of a trade.

In`sig*nif"i*cance (?), n. 1. The condition or quality of being insignificant; want of significance, sense, or meaning; as, the insignificance of words or phrases.

2. Want of force or effect; unimportance; pettiness; inefficacy; as, the insignificance of human art.

3. Want of claim to consideration or notice; want of influence or standing; meanness.

Reduce him, from being the first person in the nation, to a state of insignificance.
Beattie.

In`sig*nif"i*can*cy (?), n. Insignificance.

In`sig*nif"i*cant (?), a. 1. Not significant; void of signification, sense, or import; meaningless; as, insignificant words.

2. Having no weight or effect; answering no purpose; unimportant; valueless; futile.

Laws must be insignificant without the sanction of rewards and punishments.
Bp. Wilkins.

3. Without weight of character or social standing; mean; contemptible; as, an insignificant person.

Syn. -- Unimportant; immaterial; inconsiderable; small; inferior; trivial; mean; contemptible.

In`sig*nif"i*cant*ly, adv. without significance, importance, or effect; to no purpose. "Anger insignificantly fierce." Cowper.

In`sig*nif"i*ca*tive (?), a. [L. insignificativus. See In- not, and Significative.] Not expressing meaning; not significant.

In*sign"ment (?), n. [See Insignia.] A token, mark, or explanation. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

In*sim"u*late (?), v. t. [L. insimulatus, p. p. of insimulare to accuse.] To accuse. [Obs.] Donne.

In`sin*cere" (?), a. [L. insincerus. See In- not, and Sincere.]

1. Not being in truth what one appears to be; not sincere; dissembling; hypocritical; disingenuous; deceitful; false; -- said of persons; also of speech, thought; etc.; as, insincere declarations.

2. Disappointing; imperfect; unsound. [Obs.]

To render sleep's soft blessings insincere.
Pope.

Syn. -- Dissembling; hollow; hypocritical; deceptive deceitful; false; disingenuous; untrustworthy.

In`sin*cere"ly, adv. Without sincerity.

In`sin*cer"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. insincérité.] The quality of being insincere; want of sincerity, or of being in reality what one appears to be; dissimulation; hypocritical; deceitfulness; hollowness; untrustworthiness; as, the insincerity of a professed friend; the insincerity of professions of regard.

What men call policy and knowledge of the world, is commonly no other thing than dissimulation and insincerity.
Blair.

In*sin"ew (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insinewed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insinewing.] To strengthen, as with sinews; to invigorate. [Obs.]

All members of our cause, . . .
That are insinewed to this action.
Shak.

In*sin"u*ant (?), a. [L. insinuans, p. pr.: cf. F. insinuant.] Insinuating; insinuative. [Obs.]

In*sin"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insinuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insinuating.] [L. insinuatus, p. p. of insinuareto insinuate; pref. in- in + sinus the bosom. See Sinuous.]

1. To introduce gently or slowly, as by a winding or narrow passage, or a gentle, persistent movement.

The water easily insinuates itself into, and placidly distends, the vessels of vegetables.
Woodward.

2. To introduce artfully; to infuse gently; to instill.

All the art of rhetoric, besides order and clearness, are for nothing else but to insinuate wrong ideas, move the passions, and thereby mislead the judgment.
Locke.

Horace laughs to shame all follies and insinuates virtue, rather by familiar examples than by the severity of precepts.
Dryden.

3. To hint; to suggest by remote allusion; -- often used derogatorily; as, did you mean to insinuate anything?

4. To push or work (one's self), as into favor; to introduce by slow, gentle, or artful means; to ingratiate; -- used reflexively.

He insinuated himself into the very good grace of the Duke of Buckingham.
Clarendon.

Syn. -- To instill; hint; suggest; intimate.

In*sin"u*ate, v. i. 1. To creep, wind, or flow in; to enter gently, slowly, or imperceptibly, as into crevices.

2. To ingratiate one's self; to obtain access or favor by flattery or cunning.

He would insinuate with thee but to make thee sigh.
Shak.

To insinuate, flatter, bow, and bend my limbs.
Shak.

In*sin"u*a`ting (?), a. Winding, creeping, or flowing in, quietly or stealthily; suggesting; winning favor and confidence insensibly. Milton.

His address was courteous, and even insinuating.
Prescott.

In*sin"u*a`ting*ly, adv. By insinuation.

In*sin"u*a`tion (?), n. [L. insinuatio: cf. F. insinuation.]

1. The act or process of insinuating; a creeping, winding, or flowing in.

By a soft insinuation mix'd
With earth's large mass.
Crashaw.

2. The act of gaining favor, affection, or influence, by gentle or artful means; -- formerly used in a good sense, as of friendly influence or interposition. Sir H. Wotton.

I hope through the insinuation of Lord Scarborough to keep them here till further orders.
Lady Cowper.

3. The art or power of gaining good will by a prepossessing manner.

He bad a natural insinuation and address which made him acceptable in the best company.
Clarendon.

4. That which is insinuated; a hint; a suggestion or intimation by distant allusion; as, slander may be conveyed by insinuations.

I scorn your coarse insinuation.
Cowper.

Syn. -- Hint; intimation; suggestion. See Innuendo.

In*sin"u*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. insinuatif.]

1. Stealing on or into the confidence or affections; having power to gain favor. "Crafty, insinuative, plausible men." Bp. Reynolds.

2. Using insinuations; giving hints; insinuating; as, insinuative remark.

In*sin"u*a`tor (?), n. [L., an introducer.] One who, or that which, insinuates. De Foe.

In*sin"u*a*to*ry (?), a. Insinuative.

In*sip"id (?), a. [L. insipidus; pref. in- not + sapidus savory, fr. sapere to taste: cf. F. insipide. See Savor.]

1. Wanting in the qualities which affect the organs of taste; without taste or savor; vapid; tasteless; as, insipid drink or food. Boyle.

2. Wanting in spirit, life, or animation; uninteresting; weak; vapid; flat; dull; heavy; as, an insipid woman; an insipid composition.

Flat, insipid, and ridiculous stuff to him.
South.

But his wit is faint, and his salt, if I may dare to say so, almost insipid.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Tasteless; vapid; dull; spiritless; unanimated; lifeless; flat; stale; pointless; uninteresting.

{ In`si*pid"i*ty (?), In*sip"id*ness (?), } n. [Cf. F. insipidité.] The quality or state of being insipid; vapidity. "Dryden's lines shine strongly through the insipidity of Tate's." Pope.

In*sip"id*ly, adv. In an insipid manner; without taste, life, or spirit; flatly. Locke. Sharp.

In*sip"i*ence (?), n. [L. insipientia: cf. OF. insipience.] Want of intelligence; stupidity; folly. [R.] Blount.

In*sip"i*ent (?), a. [L. insipiens; pref. in- not + sapiens wise.] Wanting wisdom; stupid; foolish. [R.] Clarendon. -- n. An insipient person. [R.] Fryth.

In*sist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Insisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Insisting.] [F. insister, L. insistere to set foot upon, follow, persist; pref. in- in + sistere to stand, cause to stand. See Stand.]

1. To stand or rest; to find support; -- with in, on, or upon. [R.] Ray.

2. To take a stand and refuse to give way; to hold to something firmly or determinedly; to be persistent, urgent, or pressing; to persist in demanding; -- followed by on, upon, or that; as, he insisted on these conditions; he insisted on going at once; he insists that he must have money.

Insisting on the old prerogative.
Shak.

Without further insisting on the different tempers of Juvenal and Horace.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Insist, Persist. -- Insist implies some alleged right, as authority or claim. Persist may be from obstinacy alone, and either with or against rights. We insist as against others; we persist in what exclusively relates to ourselves; as, he persisted in that course; he insisted on his friend's adopting it. C. J. Smith.

In*sist"ence (?), n. The quality of insisting, or being urgent or pressing; the act of dwelling upon as of special importance; persistence; urgency.

In*sist"ent (?), a. [L. insistens, -entis, p. pr. of insistere.]

1. Standing or resting on something; as, an insistent wall. Sir H. Wotton.

2. Insisting; persistent; persevering.

3. (Zoöl.) See Incumbent.

In*sist"ent*ly, adv. In an insistent manner.

In*sis"ture (?; 135), n. A dwelling or standing on something; fixedness; persistence. [Obs.] Shak.

In*si"ti*en*cy (?), n. [Pref. in- not + L. sitiens, p. pr. of sitire to be thirsty, fr. sitis thirst.] Freedom from thirst. [Obs.]

The insitiency of a camel for traveling in deserts.
Grew.

In*si"tion (?; 277), n. [L. insitio, fr. inserere, insitum, to sow or plant in, to ingraft; pref. in- in + serere, satum, to sow.] The insertion of a scion in a stock; ingraftment. Ray.

||In` si"tu (?). [L.] In its natural position or place; -- said of a rock or fossil, when found in the situation in which it was originally formed or deposited.

In*snare" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insnared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insnaring.] [Written also ensnare.]

1. To catch in a snare; to entrap; to take by artificial means. "Insnare a gudgeon." Fenton.

2. To take by wiles, stratagem, or deceit; to involve in difficulties or perplexities; to seduce by artifice; to inveigle; to allure; to entangle.

The insnaring charms
Of love's soft queen.
Glover.

In*snar"er (?), n. One who insnares.

In*snarl" (?), v. t. To make into a snarl or knot; to entangle; to snarl. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

In`so*bri"e*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + &?;obriety: cf. F. insobriété.] Want of sobriety, moderation, or calmness; intemperance; drunkenness.

In*so`cia*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. insociabilité.] The quality of being insociable; want of sociability; unsociability. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

In*so"cia*ble (?), a. [L. insociabilis: cf. F. insociable. See In- not, and Sociable.]

1. Incapable of being associated, joined, or connected. [Obs.]

Lime and wood are insociable.
Sir H. Wotton.

2. Not sociable or companionable; disinclined to social intercourse or conversation; unsociable; taciturn.

This austere insociable life.
Shak.

In*so"cia*bly, adv. Unsociably.

In*so"ci*ate (?), a. Not associate; without a companion; single; solitary; recluse. [Obs.] "The insociate virgin life." B. Jonson.

In"so*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insolating.] [L. insolatus, p. p. of insolare to expose to the sun; pref. in- in + sol the sun.] To dry in, or to expose to, the sun's rays; to ripen or prepare by such exposure. Johnson.

In`so*la"tion (?), n. [L. insolatio: cf. F. insolation.]

1. The act or process to exposing to the rays of the sun for the purpose of drying or maturing, as fruits, drugs, etc., or of rendering acid, as vinegar.

2. (Med.) (a) A sunstroke. (b) Exposure of a patient to the sun's rays; a sun bath.

In"sole` (?), n. The inside sole of a boot or shoe; also, a loose, thin strip of leather, felt, etc., placed inside the shoe for warmth or ease.

In"so*lence (?), n. [F. insolence, L. insolentia. See Insolent.]

1. The quality of being unusual or novel. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. The quality of being insolent; pride or haughtiness manifested in contemptuous and overbearing treatment of others; arrogant contempt; brutal impudence.

Flown with insolence and wine.
Milton.

3. Insolent conduct or treatment; insult.

Loaded with fetters and insolences from the soldiers.
Fuller.

In"so*lence, v. t. To insult. [Obs.] Eikon Basilike.

In"so*len*cy (?), n. Insolence. [R.] Evelyn.

In"so*lent (?), a. [F. insolent, L. insolens, -entis, pref. in- not + solens accustomed, p. pr. of solere to be accustomed.]

1. Deviating from that which is customary; novel; strange; unusual. [Obs.]

If one chance to derive any word from the Latin which is insolent to their ears . . . they forthwith make a jest at it.
Pettie.

If any should accuse me of being new or insolent.
Milton.

2. Haughty and contemptuous or brutal in behavior or language; overbearing; domineering; grossly rude or disrespectful; saucy; as, an insolent master; an insolent servant. "A paltry, insolent fellow." Shak.

Insolent is he that despiseth in his judgment all other folks as in regard of his value, of his cunning, of his speaking, and of his bearing.
Chaucer.

Can you not see? or will ye not observe . . .
How insolent of late he is become,
How proud, how peremptory?
Shak.

3. Proceeding from or characterized by insolence; insulting; as, insolent words or behavior.

Their insolent triumph excited . . . indignation.
Macaulay.

Syn. -- Overbearing; insulting; abusive; offensive; saucy; impudent; audacious; pert; impertinent; rude; reproachful; opprobrious. -- Insolent, Insulting. Insolent, in its primitive sense, simply denoted unusual; and to act insolently was to act in violation of the established rules of social intercourse. He who did this was insolent; and thus the word became one of the most offensive in our language, indicating gross disregard for the feelings of others. Insulting denotes a personal attack, either in words or actions, indicative either of scorn or triumph. Compare Impertinent, Affront, Impudence.

In"so*lent*ly, adv. In an insolent manner.

In`so*lid"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + solidity: cf. F. insolidité.] Want of solidity; weakness; as, the insolidity of an argument. [R.] Dr. H. More.

In*sol`u*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. insolubilitas: cf. F. insolubilité.]

1. The quality or state of being insoluble or not dissolvable, as in a fluid.

2. The quality of being inexplicable or insolvable.

In*sol"u*ble (?), a. [L. insolubilis indissoluble, that can not be loosed: cf. F. insoluble. See In- not, and Soluble, and cf. Insolvable.]

1. Not soluble; in capable or difficult of being dissolved, as by a liquid; as, chalk is insoluble in water.

2. Not to be solved or explained; insolvable; as, an insoluble doubt, question, or difficulty.

3. Strong. "An insoluble wall." [Obs.] Holland

In*sol"u*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being insoluble; insolubility. Boyle.

In*solv"a*ble (?), a. 1. Not solvable; insoluble; admitting no solution or explanation; as, an insolvable problem or difficulty. I. Watts.

2. Incapable of being paid or discharged, as debts.

3. Not capable of being loosed or disentangled; inextricable. "Bands insolvable." Pope.

In*sol"ven*cy (?), n.; pl. Insolvencies (&?;). (Law) (a) The condition of being insolvent; the state or condition of a person who is insolvent; the condition of one who is unable to pay his debts as they fall due, or in the usual course of trade and business; as, a merchant's insolvency. (b) Insufficiency to discharge all debts of the owner; as, the insolvency of an estate.

Act of insolvency. See Insolvent law under Insolvent, a.

In*sol"vent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + solvent: cf. OF. insolvent.] (Law) (a) Not solvent; not having sufficient estate to pay one's debts; unable to pay one's debts as they fall due, in the ordinary course of trade and business; as, in insolvent debtor. (b) Not sufficient to pay all the debts of the owner; as, an insolvent estate. (c) Relating to persons unable to pay their debts.

Insolvent law, or Act of insolvency, a law affording relief, -- subject to various modifications in different States, -- to insolvent debtors, upon their delivering up their property for the benefit of their creditors. See Bankrupt law, under Bankrupt, a.

In*sol"vent, n. (Law) One who is insolvent; as insolvent debtor; -- in England, before 1861, especially applied to persons not traders. Bouvier.

In*som"ni*a (?), n. [L., fr. insomnis sleepless; pref. in- not + somnus sleep.] Want of sleep; inability to sleep; wakefulness; sleeplessness.

In*som"ni*ous (?), a. [L. insomniosus, fr. insomnia insomnia.] Restless; sleepless. Blount.

In*som"no*lence (?), n. Sleeplessness.

In`so*much" (?), adv. So; to such a degree; in such wise; -- followed by that or as, and formerly sometimes by both. Cf. Inasmuch.

Insomusch as that field is called . . . Aceldama.
Acts i. 19.

Simonides was an excellent poet, insomuch that he made his fortune by it.
L'Estrange.

In`so*no"rous (?), a. Not clear or melodious.

In*sooth" (?), adv. In sooth; truly. [Archaic]

||In`sou`ciance" (?), n. [F.] Carelessness; heedlessness; thoughtlessness; unconcern.

||In`sou`ciant" (?), a. [F.] Careless; heedless; indifferent; unconcerned. J. S. Mill.

In*soul" (?), v. t. To set a soul in; reflexively, to fix one's strongest affections on. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

[He] could not but insoul himself in her.
Feltham.

In*span" (?), v. t. & i. [D. inspannen.] To yoke or harness, as oxen to a vehicle. [South Africa]

In*spect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inspected; p. pr. & vb. n. Inspecting.] [L. inspectus, p. p. of inspicere to inspect; pref. in- in + specere to look at, to view: cf. F. inspecter, fr. L. inspectare, freq. fr. inspicere. See Spy.]

1. To look upon; to view closely and critically, esp. in order to ascertain quality or condition, to detect errors, etc., to examine; to scrutinize; to investigate; as, to inspect conduct.

2. To view and examine officially, as troops, arms, goods offered, work done for the public, etc.; to oversee; to superintend. Sir W. Temple.

In*spect", n. [L. inspectus. See Inspect, v. t.] Inspection. [Obs.] Thomson.

In*spec"tion (?), n. [L. inspectio: cf. F. inspection.] 1. The act or process of inspecting or looking at carefully; a strict or prying examination; close or careful scrutiny; investigation. Spenser.

With narrow search, and with inspection deep,
Considered every creature.
Milton.

2. The act of overseeing; official examination or superintendence.

Trial by inspection (O. Eng. Law), a mode of trial in which the case was settled by the individual observation and decision of the judge upon the testimony of his own senses, without the intervention of a jury. Abbott.

In*spect"ive (?), a. [L. inspectivus.] Engaged in inspection; inspecting; involving inspection.

In*spect"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. inspecteur.] One who inspects, views, or oversees; one to whom the supervision of any work is committed; one who makes an official view or examination, as a military or civil officer; a superintendent; a supervisor; an overseer.

Inspector general (Mil.), a staff officer of an army, whose duties are those of inspection, and embrace everything relative to organization, recruiting, discharge, administration, accountability for money and property, instruction, police, and discipline.

In*spect"or*ate (?), n. Inspectorship. [R.]

In`spec*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an inspector or to inspection. [R.]

In*spect"or*ship (?), n. 1. The office of an inspector.

2. The district embraced by an inspector's jurisdiction.

In*spect"ress, n. A female inspector.

In*sperse" (?), v. t. [L. inspersus, p. p. of inspergere to sprinkle upon; pref. in- in, on + spargere to sprinkle.] To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.] Bailey.

In*sper"sion (?), n. [L. inspersio.] The act of sprinkling. [Obs.] Chapman.

||In*spex"i*mus (?), n. [L., we have inspected.] The first word of ancient charters in England, confirming a grant made by a former king; hence, a royal grant.

In*sphere" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insphered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insphering.] [Cf. Ensphere.] To place in, or as in, an orb a sphere. Cf. Ensphere.

Bright aërial spirits live insphered
In regions mild of calm and serene air.
Milton.

In*spir"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being inspired or drawn into the lungs; inhalable; respirable; admitting inspiration. Harvey.

In`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [F. inspiration, L. inspiratio. See Inspire.]

1. The act of inspiring or breathing in; breath; specif. (Physiol.), the drawing of air into the lungs, accomplished in mammals by elevation of the chest walls and flattening of the diaphragm; -- the opposite of expiration.

2. The act or power of exercising an elevating or stimulating influence upon the intellect or emotions; the result of such influence which quickens or stimulates; as, the inspiration of occasion, of art, etc.

Your father was ever virtuous, and holy men at their death have good inspirations.
Shak.

3. (Theol.) A supernatural divine influence on the prophets, apostles, or sacred writers, by which they were qualified to communicate moral or religious truth with authority; a supernatural influence which qualifies men to receive and communicate divine truth; also, the truth communicated.

All Scripture is given by inspiration of God.
2 Tim. iii. 16.

The age which we now live in is not an age of inspiration and impulses.
Sharp.

Plenary inspiration (Theol.), that kind of inspiration which excludes all defect in the utterance of the inspired message. -- Verbal inspiration (Theol.), that kind of inspiration which extends to the very words and forms of expression of the divine message.

In`spi*ra"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to inspiration.

In`spi*ra"tion*ist, n. One who holds to inspiration.

In"spi*ra`tor (?), n. (Mach.) A kind of injector for forcing water by steam. See Injector, n., 2.

In*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or aiding, inspiration; as, the inspiratory muscles.

In*spire" (&ibreve;n*spīr"), v. t. [OE. enspiren, OF. enspirer, inspirer, F. inspirer, fr. L. inspirare; pref. in- in + spirare to breathe. See Spirit.]

1. To breathe into; to fill with the breath; to animate.

When Zephirus eek, with his sweete breath,
Inspirèd hath in every holt and heath
The tender crops.
Chaucer.

Descend, ye Nine, descend and sing,
The breathing instruments inspire.
Pope.

2. To infuse by breathing, or as if by breathing.

He knew not his Maker, and him that inspired into him an active soul.
Wisdom xv. 11.

3. To draw in by the operation of breathing; to inhale; -- opposed to expire.

Forced to inspire and expire the air with difficulty.
Harvey.

4. To infuse into the mind; to communicate to the spirit; to convey, as by a divine or supernatural influence; to disclose preternaturally; to produce in, as by inspiration.

And generous stout courage did inspire.
Spenser.

But dawning day new comfort hath inspired.
Shak.

5. To infuse into; to affect, as with a superior or supernatural influence; to fill with what animates, enlivens, or exalts; to communicate inspiration to; as, to inspire a child with sentiments of virtue.

Erato, thy poet's mind inspire,
And fill his soul with thy celestial fire.
Dryden.

In*spire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inspired; p. pr. & vb. n. Inspiring.]

1. To draw in breath; to inhale air into the lungs; -- opposed to expire.

2. To breathe; to blow gently. [Obs.]

And when the wind amongst them did inspire,
They wavèd like a penon wide dispread.
Spenser.

In*spired" (?), a. 1. Breathed in; inhaled.

2. Moved or animated by, or as by, a supernatural influence; affected by divine inspiration; as, the inspired prophets; the inspired writers.

3. Communicated or given as by supernatural or divine inspiration; having divine authority; hence, sacred, holy; -- opposed to uninspired, profane, or secular; as, the inspired writings, that is, the Scriptures.

In*spir"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inspires. "Inspirer of that holy flame." Cowper.

In*spir"ing, a. Animating; cheering; moving; exhilarating; as, an inspiring or scene.

In*spir"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inspirited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inspiriting.] To infuse new life or spirit into; to animate; to encourage; to invigorate.

The courage of Agamemnon is inspirited by the love of empire and ambition.
Pope.

Syn. -- To enliven; invigorate; exhilarate; animate; cheer; encourage; inspire.

In*spis"sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inspissated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inspissating (?).] [L. inspissatus, p. p. of inspissare to thicken; pref. in- + spissare to thicken, fr. spissus thick.] To thicken or bring to greater consistence, as fluids by evaporation.

In*spis"sate (?), a. [L. inspissatus, p. p.] Thick or thickened; inspissated. Greenhill.

In`spis*sa"tion (?), n. The act or the process of inspissating, or thickening a fluid substance, as by evaporation; also, the state of being so thickened.

In`sta*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Instabilities (#). [L. instabilitas: cf. F. instabilité.]

1. The quality or condition of being unstable; want of stability, firmness, or steadiness; liability to give way or to fail; insecurity; precariousness; as, the instability of a building.

2. Lack of determination of fixedness; inconstancy; fickleness; mutability; changeableness; as, instability of character, temper, custom, etc. Addison.

Syn. -- Inconstancy; fickleness; changeableness; wavering; unsteadiness; unstableness.

In*sta"ble (?), a. [L. instabilis: cf. F. instable. See In- not, and Stable, a., and cf. Unstable.] Not stable; not standing fast or firm; unstable; prone to change or recede from a purpose; mutable; inconstant.

In*sta"ble*ness, n. Instability; unstableness.

In*stall" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Installed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Installing.] [F. installer, LL. installare, fr. pref. in- in + OHG. stal a place, stall, G. stall, akin to E. stall: cf. It. installare. See Stall.] [Written also instal.]

1. To set in a seat; to give a place to; establish (one) in a place.

She installed her guest hospitably by the fireside.
Sir W. Scott.

2. To place in an office, rank, or order; to invest with any charge by the usual ceremonies; to instate; to induct; as, to install an ordained minister as pastor of a church; to install a college president.

Unworthily
Thou wast installed in that high degree.
Shak.

In`stal*la"tion (?), n. [F. installation, LL. installatio: cf. It. installazione. See Install.]

1. The act of installing or giving possession of an office, rank, or order, with the usual rites or ceremonies; as, the installation of an ordained minister in a parish.

On the election, the bishop gives a mandate for his installation.
Ayliffe.

2. (Mech.) The whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories, when set up and arranged for practical working, as in electric lighting, transmission of power, etc.

In*stall"ment (?), n. [Written also instalment.]

1. The act of installing; installation.

Take oaths from all kings and magistrates at their installment, to do impartial justice by law.
Milton.

2. The seat in which one is placed. [Obs.]

The several chairs of order, look, you scour; . . .
Each fair installment, coat, and several crest
With loyal blazon, evermore be blest.
Shak.

3. A portion of a debt, or sum of money, which is divided into portions that are made payable at different times. Payment by installment is payment by parts at different times, the amounts and times being often definitely stipulated. Bouvier.

In*stamp" (?), v. t. See Enstamp.

In"stance (?), n. [F. instance, L. instantia, fr. instans. See Instant.]

1. The act or quality of being instant or pressing; urgency; solicitation; application; suggestion; motion.

Undertook at her instance to restore them.
Sir W. Scott.

2. That which is instant or urgent; motive. [Obs.]

The instances that second marriage move
Are base respects of thrift, but none of love.
Shak.

3. Occasion; order of occurrence.

These seem as if, in the time of Edward I., they were drawn up into the form of a law, in the first instance.
Sir M. Hale.

4. That which offers itself or is offered as an illustrative case; something cited in proof or exemplification; a case occurring; an example.

Most remarkable instances of suffering.
Atterbury.

5. A token; a sign; a symptom or indication. Shak.

Causes of instance, those which proceed at the solicitation of some party. Hallifax. -- Court of first instance, the court by which a case is first tried. -- For instance, by way of example or illustration. -- Instance Court (Law), the Court of Admiralty acting within its ordinary jurisdiction, as distinguished from its action as a prize court.

Syn. -- Example; case. See Example.

In"stance (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instancing (?).] To mention as a case or example; to refer to; to cite; as, to instance a fact. H. Spenser.

I shall not instance an abstruse author.
Milton.

In"stance, v. i. To give an example. [Obs.]

This story doth not only instance in kingdoms, but in families too.
Jer. Taylor.

In"stan*cy (?), n. Instance; urgency. [Obs.]

Those heavenly precepts which our Lord and Savior with so great instancy gave.
Hooker.

In"stant (?), a. [L. instans, -antis, p. pr. of instare to stand upon, to press upon; pref. in- in, on + stare to stand: cf. F. instant. See Stand.]

1. Pressing; urgent; importunate; earnest.

Rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation; continuing instant in prayer.
Rom. xii. 12.

I am beginning to be very instant for some sort of occupation.
Carlyle.

2. Closely pressing or impending in respect to time; not deferred; immediate; without delay.

Impending death is thine, and instant doom.
Prior.

3. Present; current.

The instant time is always the fittest time.
Fuller.

&fist; The word in this sense is now used only in dates, to indicate the current month; as, the tenth of July instant.

In"stant, adv. Instantly. [Poetic]

Instant he flew with hospitable haste.
Pope.

In"stant, n. [F. instant, fr. L. instans standing by, being near, present. See Instant, a.]

1. A point in duration; a moment; a portion of time too short to be estimated; also, any particular moment.

There is scarce an instant between their flourishing and their not being.
Hooker.

2. A day of the present or current month; as, the sixth instant; -- an elliptical expression equivalent to the sixth of the month instant, i. e., the current month. See Instant, a., 3.

Syn. -- Moment; flash; second.

In*stan`ta*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. instantanéité.] Quality of being instantaneous. Shenstone.

In`stan*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. instantané.]

1. Done or occurring in an instant, or without any perceptible duration of time; as, the passage of electricity appears to be instantaneous.

His reason saw
With instantaneous view, the truth of things.
Thomson.

2. At or during a given instant; as, instantaneous acceleration, velocity, etc.

Instantaneous center of rotation (Kinematics), in a plane or in a plane figure which has motions both of translation and of rotation in the plane, is the point which for the instant is at rest. -- Instantaneous axis of rotation (Kinematics), in a body which has motions both of translation and rotation, is a line, which is supposed to be rigidly united with the body, and which for the instant is at rest. The motion of the body is for the instant simply that of rotation about the instantaneous axis.

-- In`stan*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- In`stan*ta"ne*ous*ness, n.

||In*stan"ter (?), adv. [L., vehemently, earnestly. See Instant, n. & a.] Immediately; instantly; at once; as, he left instanter.

In"stant*ly (?), adv. 1. Without the least delay or interval; at once; immediately. Macaulay.

2. With urgency or importunity; earnestly; pressingly. "They besought him instantly." Luke vii. 4.

Syn. -- Directly; immediately; at once. See Directly.

In*star" (?), v. t. To stud as with stars. [R.] "A golden throne instarred with gems." J. Barlow.

In*state" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instated; p. pr. & vb. n. Instating.] To set, place, or establish, as in a rank, office, or condition; to install; to invest; as, to instate a person in greatness or in favor. Shak.

In*stau"rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instaurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instaurating (?).] [L. instauratus, p. p. of instaurare to renew. See 1st In-, and Store.] To renew or renovate. [R.]

In`stau*ra"tion (?), n. [L. instauratio: cf. F. instauration.] Restoration after decay, lapse, or dilapidation; renewal; repair; renovation; renaissance.

Some great catastrophe or . . . instauration.
T. Burnet.

In"stau*ra`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. instaurateur.] One who renews or restores to a former condition. [R.] Dr. H. More.

In*staure" (?), v. t. [See Instaurate.] To renew or renovate; to instaurate. [Obs.] Marston.

In*stead" (?), adv. [Pref. in- + stead place.]

1. In the place or room; -- usually followed by of.

Let thistles grow of wheat.
Job xxxi. 40.

Absalom made Amasa captain of the host instead of Joab.
2 Sam. xvii. 25.

2. Equivalent; equal to; -- usually with of. [R.]

This very consideration to a wise man is instead of a thousand arguments, to satisfy him, that in those times no such thing was believed.
Tillotson.

In*steep" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insteeped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insteeping.] To steep or soak; to drench. [R.] "In gore he lay insteeped." Shak.

In"step (?), n. [Formerly also instop, instup.]

1. The arched middle portion of the human foot next in front of the ankle joint.

2. That part of the hind leg of the horse and allied animals, between the hock, or ham, and the pastern joint.

In"sti*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instigating (?).] [L. instigatus, p. p. of instigare to instigate; pref. in- in + a root akin to G. stechen to prick, E. stick. See Stick.] To goad or urge forward; to set on; to provoke; to incite; -- used chiefly with reference to evil actions; as, to instigate one to a crime.

He hath only instigated his blackest agents to the very extent of their malignity.
Bp. Warburton.

Syn. -- To stimulate; urge; spur; provoke; tempt; incite; impel; encourage; animate.

In"sti*ga`ting*ly, adv. Incitingly; temptingly.

In`sti*ga"tion (?), n. [L. instigatio: cf. F. instigation.] The act of instigating, or the state of being instigated; incitement; esp. to evil or wickedness.

The baseness and villainy that . . . the instigation of the devil could bring the sons of men to.
South.

In"sti*ga`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. instigateur.] One who instigates or incites. Burke.

In*still" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instilling.] [L. instillare, instillatum; pref. in- in + stillare to drop, fr. stilla a drop: cf. F. instiller. See Distill.] [Written also instil.] To drop in; to pour in drop by drop; hence, to impart gradually; to infuse slowly; to cause to be imbibed.

That starlight dews
All silently their tears of love instill.
Byron.

How hast thou instilled
Thy malice into thousands.
Milton.

Syn. -- To infuse; impart; inspire; implant; inculcate; insinuate.

In`stil*la"tion (?), n. [L. instillatio: cf. F. instillation.] The act of instilling; also, that which is instilled. Johnson.

In"stil*la`tor (?), n. An instiller. [R.]

In*stil"la*to*ry (?), a. Belonging to instillation. [R.]

In*still"er (?), n. One who instills. Skelton.

In*still"ment (?), n. The act of instilling; also, that which is instilled. [Written also instilment.]

In*stim"u*late (?), v. t. [Pref. in- not + stimulate.] Not to stimulate; to soothe; to quiet. [Obs.] Cheyne.

In*stim"u*late, v. t. [L. instimulatus, p. p. instimulare to stimulate. See 1st In-, and Stimulate.] To stimulate; to excite. [Obs.] Cockeram.

In*stim`u*la"tion (?), n. Stimulation.

In*stinct" (?), a. [L. instinctus, p. p. of instinguere to instigate, incite; cf. instigare to instigate. Cf. Instigate, Distinguish.] Urged or stimulated from within; naturally moved or impelled; imbued; animated; alive; quick; as, birds instinct with life.

The chariot of paternal deity . . .
Itself instinct with spirit, but convoyed
By four cherubic shapes.
Milton.

A noble performance, instinct with sound principle.
Brougham.

In"stinct (&ibreve;n"st&ibreve;&nsm;kt), n. [L. instinctus instigation, impulse, fr. instinguere to instigate: cf. F. instinct. See Instinct, a.]

1. Natural inward impulse; unconscious, involuntary, or unreasoning prompting to any mode of action, whether bodily, or mental, without a distinct apprehension of the end or object to be accomplished.

An instinct is a propensity prior to experience, and independent of instructions.
Paley.

An instinct is a blind tendency to some mode of action, independent of any consideration, on the part of the agent, of the end to which the action leads.
Whately.

An instinct is an agent which performs blindly and ignorantly a work of intelligence and knowledge.
Sir W. Hamilton.

By a divine instinct, men's minds mistrust
Ensuing dangers.
Shak.

2. (Zoöl.) Specif., the natural, unreasoning, impulse by which an animal is guided to the performance of any action, without thought of improvement in the method.

The resemblance between what originally was a habit, and an instinct becomes so close as not to be distinguished.
Darwin.

3. A natural aptitude or knack; a predilection; as, an instinct for order; to be modest by instinct.

In*stinct" (&ibreve;n*st&ibreve;&nsm;kt"), v. t. To impress, as an animating power, or instinct. [Obs.] Bentley.

In*stinc"tion (?), n. Instinct; incitement; inspiration. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

In*stinc"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. instinctif.] Of or pertaining to instinct; derived from, or prompted by, instinct; of the nature of instinct; determined by natural impulse or propensity; acting or produced without reasoning, deliberation, instruction, or experience; spontaneous. "Instinctive motion." Milton. "Instinctive dread." Cowper.

With taste instinctive give
Each grace appropriate.
Mason.

Have we had instinctive intimations of the death of some absent friends?
Bp. Hall.

&fist; The terms instinctive belief, instinctive judgment, instinctive cognition, are expressions not ill adapted to characterize a belief, judgment, or cognition, which, as the result of no anterior consciousness, is, like the products of animal instinct, the intelligent effect of (as far as we are concerned) an unknown cause. Sir H. Hamilton.

Syn. -- Natural; voluntary; spontaneous; original; innate; inherent; automatic.

In*stinc"tive*ly, adv. In an instinctive manner; by force of instinct; by natural impulse.

In`stinc*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being instinctive, or prompted by instinct. [R.] Coleridge.

In*stip"u*late (?), a. See Exstipulate.

In"sti*tute (&ibreve;n"st&ibreve;*tūt), p. a. [L. institutus, p. p. of instituere to place in, to institute, to instruct; pref. in- in + statuere to cause to stand, to set. See Statute.] Established; organized; founded. [Obs.]

They have but few laws. For to a people so instruct and institute, very few to suffice.
Robynson (More's Utopia).

In"sti*tute (&ibreve;n"st&ibreve;*tūt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instituted (- tū`t&ebreve;d); p. pr. & vb. n. Instituting.]

1. To set up; to establish; to ordain; as, to institute laws, rules, etc.

2. To originate and establish; to found; to organize; as, to institute a court, or a society.

Whenever any from of government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government.
Jefferson (Decl. of Indep. ).

3. To nominate; to appoint. [Obs.]

We institute your Grace
To be our regent in these parts of France.
Shak.

4. To begin; to commence; to set on foot; as, to institute an inquiry; to institute a suit.

And haply institute
A course of learning and ingenious studies.
Shak.

5. To ground or establish in principles and rudiments; to educate; to instruct. [Obs.]

If children were early instituted, knowledge would insensibly insinuate itself.
Dr. H. More.

6. (Eccl. Law) To invest with the spiritual charge of a benefice, or the care of souls. Blackstone.

Syn. -- To originate; begin; commence; establish; found; erect; organize; appoint; ordain.

In"sti*tute, n. [L. institutum: cf. F. institut. See Institute, v. t. & a.]

1. The act of instituting; institution. [Obs.] "Water sanctified by Christ's institute." Milton.

2. That which is instituted, established, or fixed, as a law, habit, or custom. Glover.

3. Hence: An elementary and necessary principle; a precept, maxim, or rule, recognized as established and authoritative; usually in the plural, a collection of such principles and precepts; esp., a comprehensive summary of legal principles and decisions; as, the Institutes of Justinian; Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England. Cf. Digest, n.

They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy.
Burke.

To make the Stoics' institutes thy own.
Dryden.

4. An institution; a society established for the promotion of learning, art, science, etc.; a college; as, the Institute of Technology; also, a building owned or occupied by such an institute; as, the Cooper Institute.

5. (Scots Law) The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or limitation. Tomlins.

Institutes of medicine, theoretical medicine; that department of medical science which attempts to account philosophically for the various phenomena of health as well as of disease; physiology applied to the practice of medicine. Dunglison.

In"sti*tu`ter (?), n. An institutor. [R.]

In`sti*tu"tion (?), n. [L. institutio: cf. F. institution.]

1. The act or process of instituting; as: (a) Establishment; foundation; enactment; as, the institution of a school.

The institution of God's law is described as being established by solemn injunction.
Hooker.

(b) Instruction; education. [Obs.] Bentley. (c) (Eccl. Law) The act or ceremony of investing a clergyman with the spiritual part of a benefice, by which the care of souls is committed to his charge. Blackstone.

2. That which instituted or established; as: (a) Established order, method, or custom; enactment; ordinance; permanent form of law or polity.

The nature of our people,
Our city's institutions.
Shak.

(b) An established or organized society or corporation; an establishment, especially of a public character, or affecting a community; a foundation; as, a literary institution; a charitable institution; also, a building or the buildings occupied or used by such organization; as, the Smithsonian Institution. (c) Anything forming a characteristic and persistent feature in social or national life or habits.

We ordered a lunch (the most delightful of English institutions, next to dinner) to be ready against our return.
Hawthorne.

3. That which institutes or instructs; a textbook; a system of elements or rules; an institute. [Obs.]

There is another manuscript, of above three hundred years old, . . . being an institution of physic.
Evelyn.

In`sti*tu"tion*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or treating of, institutions; as, institutional legends.

Institutional writers as Rousseau.
J. S. Mill.

2. Instituted by authority.

3. Elementary; rudimental.

In`sti*tu"tion*a*ry (?), a. 1. Relating to an institution, or institutions.

2. Containing the first principles or doctrines; elemental; rudimentary.

In"sti*tu`tist (?), n. A writer or compiler of, or a commentator on, institutes. [R.] Harvey.

In"sti*tu`tive (?), a. 1. Tending or intended to institute; having the power to establish. Barrow.

2. Established; depending on, or characterized by, institution or order. "Institutive decency." Milton.

In"sti*tu`tive*ly adv. In conformity with an institution. Harrington.

In"sti*tu`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. instituteur.]

1. One who institutes, founds, ordains, or establishes.

2. One who educates; an instructor. [Obs.] Walker.

3. (Episcopal Church) A presbyter appointed by the bishop to institute a rector or assistant minister over a parish church.

In*stop" (?), v. t. To stop; to close; to make fast; as, to instop the seams. [Obs.] Dryden.

In*store" (?), v. t. [See Instaurate, Store.] To store up; to inclose; to contain. [Obs.] Wyclif.

In*strat"i*fied (?), a. Interstratified.

In*struct" (?), a. [L. instructus, p. p. of instruere to furnish, provide, construct, instruct; pref. in- in, on + struere. See Structure.] 1. Arranged; furnished; provided. [Obs.] "He had neither ship instruct with oars, nor men." Chapman.

2. Instructed; taught; enlightened. [Obs.] Milton.

In*struct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instructed; p. pr. & vb. n. Instructing.]

1. To put in order; to form; to prepare. [Obs.]

They speak to the merits of a cause, after the proctor has prepared and instructed the same for a hearing.
Ayliffe.

2. To form by communication of knowledge; to inform the mind of; to impart knowledge or information to; to enlighten; to teach; to discipline.

Schoolmasters will I keep within my house,
Fit to instruct her youth.
Shak.

3. To furnish with directions; to advise; to direct; to command; as, the judge instructs the jury.

She, being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger.
Matt. xiv. 8.

Take her in; instruct her what she has to do.
Shak.

Syn. -- To teach; educate; inform; train; discipline; indoctrinate; direct; enjoin.

In*struct"er (?), n. See Instructor.

In*struct"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being instructed; teachable; docible. Bacon.

In*struc"tion (?), n. [L. instructio: cf. F. instruction.]

1. The act of instructing, teaching, or furnishing with knowledge; information.

2. That which instructs, or with which one is instructed; the intelligence or information imparted; as: (a) Precept; information; teachings. (b) Direction; order; command. "If my instructions may be your guide." Shak.

Syn. -- Education; teaching; indoctrination; information; advice; counsel. See Education.

In*struc"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or promoting, instruction; educational.

In*struct"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. instructif.] Conveying knowledge; serving to instruct or inform; as, experience furnishes very instructive lessons. Addison.

In various talk the instructive hours they past.
Pope.

-- In*struct"ive*ly, adv. -- In*struct"ive*ness, n.

The pregnant instructiveness of the Scripture.
Boyle.

In*struct"or (?), n. [L., a preparer: cf. F. instructeur.] [Written also instructer.] One who instructs; one who imparts knowledge to another; a teacher.

In*struct"ress (?), n. A woman who instructs; a preceptress; a governess. Johnson.

In"stru*ment (?), n. [F. instrument, L. instrumentum. See Instruct.]

1. That by means of which any work is performed, or result is effected; a tool; a utensil; an implement; as, the instruments of a mechanic; astronomical instruments.

All the lofty instruments of war.
Shak.

2. A contrivance or implement, by which musical sounds are produced; as, a musical instrument.

Praise him with stringed instruments and organs.
Ps. cl. 4.

But signs when songs and instruments he hears.
Dryden.

3. (Law) A writing, as the means of giving formal expression to some act; a writing expressive of some act, contract, process, as a deed, contract, writ, etc. Burrill.

4. One who, or that which, is made a means, or is caused to serve a purpose; a medium, means, or agent.

Or useful serving man and instrument,
To any sovereign state.
Shak.

The bold are but the instruments of the wise.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Tool; implement; utensil; machine; apparatus; channel; agent.

In"stru*ment (?), v. t. To perform upon an instrument; to prepare for an instrument; as, a sonata instrumented for orchestra.

In`stru*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. instrumental.]

1. Acting as an instrument; serving as a means; contributing to promote; conductive; helpful; serviceable; as, he was instrumental in conducting the business.

The head is not more native to the heart,
The hand more instrumental to the mouth.
Shak.

2. (Mus.) Pertaining to, made by, or prepared for, an instrument, esp. a musical instrument; as, instrumental music, distinguished from vocal music. "He defended the use of instrumental music in public worship." Macaulay.

Sweet voices mix'd with instrumental sounds.
Dryden.

3. (Gram.) Applied to a case expressing means or agency; as, the instrumental case. This is found in Sanskrit as a separate case, but in Greek it was merged into the dative, and in Latin into the ablative. In Old English it was a separate case, but has disappeared, leaving only a few anomalous forms.

Instrumental errors, those errors in instrumental measurements, etc., which arise, exclusively from want of mathematical accuracy in an instrument.

In`stru*men"tal*ist, n. One who plays upon an instrument of music, as distinguished from a vocalist.

In`stru*men*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Instrumentalities (&?;). The quality or condition of being instrumental; that which is instrumental; anything used as a means; medium; agency.

The instrumentality of faith in justification.
Bp. Burnet.

The discovery of gunpowder developed the science of attack and defense in a new instrumentality.
J. H. Newman.

In`stru*men"tal*ly (?), adv. 1. By means of an instrument or agency; as means to an end. South.

They will argue that the end being essentially beneficial, the means become instrumentally so.
Burke.

2. With instruments of music; as, a song instrumentally accompanied. Mason.

In`stru*men"tal*ness, n. Usefulness or agency, as means to an end; instrumentality. [R.] Hammond.

In`stru*men"ta*ry (?), a. Instrumental. [R.]

In`stru*men*ta"tion (?), n. 1. The act of using or adapting as an instrument; a series or combination of instruments; means; agency.

Otherwise we have no sufficient instrumentation for our human use or handling of so great a fact.
H. Bushnell.

2. (Mus.) (a) The arrangement of a musical composition for performance by a number of different instruments; orchestration; instrumental composition; composition for an orchestra or military band. (b) The act or manner of playing upon musical instruments; performance; as, his instrumentation is perfect.

In"stru*men`tist (?), n. A performer on a musical instrument; an instrumentalist.

In*style" (?), v. t. To style. [Obs.] Crashaw.

In*suav"i*ty (?), n. [L. insuavitas: cf. F. insuavité. See In- not, and Suavity.] Want of suavity; unpleasantness. [Obs.] Burton.

In`sub*jec"tion (?), n. Want of subjection or obedience; a state of disobedience, as to government.

In`sub*mer"gi*ble (?), a. Not capable of being submerged; buoyant. [R.]

In`sub*mis"sion (?), n. Want of submission; disobedience; noncompliance.

In`sub*or"di*nate (?), a. Not submitting to authority; disobedient; rebellious; mutinous.

In`sub*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. insubordination.] The quality of being insubordinate; disobedience to lawful authority.

In`sub*stan"tial (?), a. Unsubstantial; not real or strong. "Insubstantial pageant." [R.] Shak.

In`sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. Unsubstantiality; unreality. [R.]

In`suc*ca"tion (?), n. [L. insucare, insucatum, to soak in; pref. in- + succus, sucus, sap.] The act of soaking or moistening; maceration; solution in the juice of herbs. [Obs.] Coxe.

The medicating and insuccation of seeds.
Evelyn.

In`suc*cess" (?), n. Want of success. [R.] Feltham.

In*sue" (?), v. i. See Ensue, v. i.

In"sue*tude (?), n. [L. insuetudo, from insuetus unaccustomed; pref. in- not + suetus, p. p. of suescere to be accustomed.] The state or quality of being unaccustomed; absence of use or habit.

Absurdities are great or small in proportion to custom or insuetude.
Landor.

In*suf"fer*a*ble (?), a. 1. Incapable of being suffered, borne, or endured; insupportable; unendurable; intolerable; as, insufferable heat, cold, or pain; insufferable wrongs. Locke.

2. Offensive beyond endurance; detestable.

A multitude of scribblers who daily pester the world with their insufferable stuff.
Dryden.

In*suf"fer*a*bly, adv. In a manner or to a degree beyond endurance; intolerably; as, a blaze insufferably bright; a person insufferably proud.

In`suf*fi"cience (?), n. Insufficiency. Shak.

In`suf*fi"cien*cy (?), n. [L. insufficientia: cf. F. insuffisance, whence OE. insuffisance. See Insufficient.]

1. The quality or state of being insufficient; want of sufficiency; deficiency; inadequateness; as, the insufficiency of provisions, of an excuse, etc.

The insufficiency of the light of nature is, by the light of Scripture, . . . fully supplied.
Hooker.

2. Want of power or skill; inability; incapacity; incompetency; as, the insufficiency of a man for an office.

In`suf*fi"cient (?), a. [L. insufficiens, -entis. See In- not, and Sufficient.]

1. Not sufficient; not enough; inadequate to any need, use, or purpose; as, the provisions are insufficient in quantity, and defective in quality. "Insufficient for His praise." Cowper.

2. Wanting in strength, power, ability, capacity, or skill; incompetent; incapable; unfit; as, a person insufficient to discharge the duties of an office.

Syn. -- Inadequate; scanty; incommensurate; unequal; unfit; incompetent; incapable; inefficient.

In`suf*fi"cient*ly, adv. In an insufficient manner or degree; unadequately.

In`suf*fla"tion (?), n. [L. insuffatio: cf. F. insuffation. See In- in, and Sufflation.] The act of breathing on or into anything; especially: (a) (R. C. Ch.) The breathing upon a person in the sacrament of baptism to symbolize the inspiration of a new spiritual life. (b) (Med.) The act of blowing (a gas, powder, or vapor) into any cavity of the body.

In*suit"a*ble (?), a. Unsuitable. [Obs.] -- In*suit`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Obs.]

In"su*lar (?), a. [L. insularis, fr. insula island: cf. F. insulaire. See Isle.]

1. Of or pertaining to an island; of the nature, or possessing the characteristics, of an island; as, an insular climate, fauna, etc.

2. Of or pertaining to the people of an island; narrow; circumscribed; illiberal; contracted; as, insular habits, opinions, or prejudices.

The penury of insular conversation.
Johnson.

In"su*lar, n. An islander. [R.] Berkeley.

In`su*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. insularité.]

1. The state or quality of being an island or consisting of islands; insulation.

The insularity of Britain was first shown by Agricola, who sent his fleet round it.
Pinkerton.

2. Narrowness or illiberality of opinion; prejudice; exclusiveness; as, the insularity of the Chinese or of the aristocracy.

In"su*lar*ly (?), adv. In an insular manner.

In"su*la*ry (?), a. Insular. [Obs.] Howell.

In"su*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insulating (?).] [L. insulatus insulated, fr. insula island. See Isle, and cf. Isolate.]

1. To make an island of. [Obs.] Pennant.

2. To place in a detached situation, or in a state having no communication with surrounding objects; to isolate; to separate.

3. (Elec. & Thermotics) To prevent the transfer of electricity or heat to or from (bodies) by the interposition of nonconductors.

Insulating stool (Elec.), a stool with legs of glass or some other nonconductor of electricity, used for insulating a person or any object placed upon it.

In"su*la`ted (&ibreve;n"s&usl;*lā"t&ebreve;d), p. a. 1. Standing by itself; not being contiguous to other bodies; separated; unconnected; isolated; as, an insulated house or column.

The special and insulated situation of the Jews.
De Quincey.

2. (Elect. & Thermotics) Separated from other bodies by means of nonconductors of heat or electricity.

3. (Astron.) Situated at so great a distance as to be beyond the effect of gravitation; -- said of stars supposed to be so far apart that the affect of their mutual attraction is insensible. C. A. Young.

Insulated wire, wire wound with silk, or covered with other nonconducting material, for electrical use.

In`su*la"tion (?), n. 1. The act of insulating, or the state of being insulated; detachment from other objects; isolation.

2. (Elec. & Thermotics) The act of separating a body from others by nonconductors, so as to prevent the transfer of electricity or of heat; also, the state of a body so separated.

In"su*la`tor (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, insulates.

2. (Elec. & Thermotics) The substance or body that insulates; a nonconductor.

In"su*lite (?), n. (Elec.) An insulating material, usually some variety of compressed cellulose, made of sawdust, paper pulp, cotton waste, etc.

In"su*lous (?), a. [L. insulosus, fr. insula island.] Abounding in islands. [R.]

In*sulse" (?), a. [L. insulsus; pref. in- not + salsus salted, fr. salire, salsum, to salt.] Insipid; dull; stupid. [Obs.] Milton.

In*sul"si*ty (?), n. [L. insulsitas.] Insipidity; stupidity; dullness. [Obs.]

The insulsity of mortal tongues.
Milton.

In"sult (?), n. [L. insultus, fr. insilire to leap upon: cf. F. insulte. See Insult, v. t.]

1. The act of leaping on; onset; attack. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. Gross abuse offered to another, either by word or act; an act or speech of insolence or contempt; an affront; an indignity.

The ruthless sneer that insult adds to grief.
Savage.

Syn. -- Affront; indignity; abuse; outrage; contumely. See Affront.

In*sult" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Insulting.] [F. insulter, L. insultare, freq. fr. insilire to leap into or upon; pref. in- in, on + salire to leap. See Salient.]

1. To leap or trample upon; to make a sudden onset upon. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To treat with abuse, insolence, indignity, or contempt, by word or action; to abuse; as, to call a man a coward or a liar, or to sneer at him, is to insult him.

In*sult", v. i. 1. To leap or jump.

Give me thy knife, I will insult on him.
Shak.

Like the frogs in the apologue, insulting upon their wooden king.
Jer. Taylor.

2. To behave with insolence; to exult. [Archaic]

The lion being dead, even hares insult.
Daniel.

An unwillingness to insult over their helpless fatuity.
Landor.

In*sult"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being insulted or affronted. [R.] Emerson.

In`sul*ta"tion (?), n. [L. insultatio, fr. insultare: cf. OF. insultation.]

1. The act of insulting; abusive or insolent treatment; insult. [Obs.] Feltham.

2. Exultation. [Obs.] Is. xiv. (heading).

In*sult"er (?), n. One who insults. Shak.

In*sult"ing, a. Containing, or characterized by, insult or abuse; tending to insult or affront; as, insulting language, treatment, etc. -- In*sult"ing*ly, adv.

Syn. -- Insolent; impertinent; saucy; rude; abusive; contemptuous. See Insolent.

In*sult"ment (?), n. Insolent treatment; insult. [Obs.] "My speech of insultment ended." Shak.

In*sume" (?), v. t. [L. insumere; pre. in- in + sumere to take.] To take in; to absorb. [Obs.]

In*su`per*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being insuperable; insuperableness.

In*su"per*a*ble (?), a. [L. insuperabilis: cf. OF. insuperable. See In- not, and Superable.] Incapable of being passed over or surmounted; insurmountable; as, insuperable difficulties.

And middle natures, how they long to join,
Yet never pass the insuperable line?
Pope.

The difficulty is enhanced, or is . . . insuperable.
I. Taylor.

Syn. -- Impassable; insurmountable; unconquerable.

-- In*su"per*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*su"per*a*bly, adv.

In`sup*port"a*ble (?), a. [L. insupportabilis: cf. F. insupportable. See In- not, and Support.] Incapable of being supported or borne; unendurable; insufferable; intolerable; as, insupportable burdens; insupportable pain. -- In`sup*port"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`sup*port"a*bly, adv.

In`sup*pos"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being supposed; not supposable; inconceivable.

In`sup*press"i*ble (?), a. That can not be suppressed or concealed; irrepressible. Young. -- In`sup*press"i*bly, adv.

In`sup*press"ive (?), a. Insuppressible. [Obs.] "The insuppressive mettle of our spirits." Shak.

In*sur"a*ble (?), a. [From Insure.] Capable of being insured against loss, damage, death, etc.; proper to be insured.

The French law annuls the latter policies so far as they exceed the insurable interest which remained in the insured at the time of the subscription thereof.
Walsh.

In*sur"ance (?), n. [From Insure.]

1. The act of insuring, or assuring, against loss or damage by a contingent event; a contract whereby, for a stipulated consideration, called premium, one party undertakes to indemnify or guarantee another against loss by certain specified risks. Cf. Assurance, n., 6.

&fist; The person who undertakes to pay in case of loss is termed the insurer; the danger against which he undertakes, the risk; the person protected, the insured; the sum which he pays for the protection, the premium; and the contract itself, when reduced to form, the policy. Johnson's Cyc.

2. The premium paid for insuring property or life.

3. The sum for which life or property is insured.

4. A guaranty, security, or pledge; assurance. [Obs.]

The most acceptable insurance of the divine protection.
Mickle.

Accident insurance, insurance against pecuniary loss by reason of accident to the person. -- Endowment insurance or assurance, a combination of life insurance and investment such that if the person upon whose life a risk is taken dies before a certain specified time the insurance becomes due at once, and if he survives, it becomes due at the time specified. -- Fire insurance. See under Fire. -- Insurance broker, a broker or agent who effects insurance. -- Insurance company, a company or corporation whose business it is to insure against loss, damage, or death. -- Insurance policy, a certificate of insurance; the document containing the contract made by an insurance company with a person whose property or life is insured. -- Life insurance. See under Life.

In*sur"an*cer (?), n. One who effects insurance; an insurer; an underwriter. [Obs.] Dryden.

hose bold insurancers of deathless fame.
Blair.

In*sur"ant (?), n. The person insured. Champness.

In"sure (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insuring.] [OE. ensuren, prob. for assuren, by a change of prefix. See 1st In-, and Sure, and cf. Assure, Ensure.] [Written also ensure.]

1. To make sure or secure; as, to insure safety to any one.

2. Specifically, to secure against a loss by a contingent event, on certain stipulated conditions, or at a given rate or premium; to give or to take an insurance on or for; as, a merchant insures his ship or its cargo, or both, against the dangers of the sea; goods and buildings are insured against fire or water; persons are insured against sickness, accident, or death; and sometimes hazardous debts are insured.

In*sure", v. i. To underwrite; to make insurance; as, a company insures at three per cent.

In*sur"er (?), n. One who, or that which, insures; the person or company that contracts to indemnify losses for a premium; an underwriter.

{ In*sur"gence (?), In*sur"gen*cy (?), } n. A state of insurrection; an uprising; an insurrection.

A moral insurgence in the minds of grave men against the Court of Rome.
G. Eliot.

In*sur"gent (?), a. [L. insurgens, p. pr. of insurgere to rise up; pref. in- in + surgere to rise. See Surge.] Rising in opposition to civil or political authority, or against an established government; insubordinate; rebellious. "The insurgent provinces." Motley.

In*sur"gent, n. [Cf. F. insurgent.] A person who rises in revolt against civil authority or an established government; one who openly and actively resists the execution of laws; a rebel.

Syn. -- See Rebel.

In`sur*mount`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being insurmountable.

In`sur*mount"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + surmountable: cf. F. insurmountable.] Incapable of being passed over, surmounted, or overcome; insuperable; as, insurmountable difficulty or obstacle. Locke.

Hope thinks nothing difficult; despair tells us that difficulty is insurmountable.
I. Watts.

Syn. -- Insuperable; impassable; invincible.

In`sur*mount"a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being insurmountable; insurmountability.

In`sur*mount"a*bly, adv. In a manner or to a degree not to be overcome.

In`sur*rec"tion (?), n. [L. insurrectio, fr. insurgere, insurrectum: cf. F. insurrection. See Insurgent.]

1. A rising against civil or political authority, or the established government; open and active opposition to the execution of law in a city or state.

It is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein.
Ezra iv. 19.

2. A rising in mass to oppose an enemy. [Obs.]

Syn. -- Insurrection, Sedition, Revolt, Rebellion, Mutiny. Sedition is the raising of commotion in a state, as by conspiracy, without aiming at open violence against the laws. Insurrection is a rising of individuals to prevent the execution of law by force of arms. Revolt is a casting off the authority of a government, with a view to put it down by force, or to substitute one ruler for another. Rebellion is an extended insurrection and revolt. Mutiny is an insurrection on a small scale, as a mutiny of a regiment, or of a ship's crew.

I say again,
In soothing them, we nourish 'gainst our senate
The cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition.
Shak.

Insurrections of base people are commonly more furious in their beginnings.
Bacon.

He was greatly strengthened, and the enemy as much enfeebled, by daily revolts.
Sir W. Raleigh.

Though of their names in heavenly records now
Be no memorial, blotted out and razed
By their rebellion from the books of life.
Milton.

In`sur*rec"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. insurrectionnel.] Pertaining to insurrection; consisting in insurrection.

In`sur*rec"tion*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, insurrection; rebellious; seditious.

Their murderous insurrectionary system.
Burke.

In`sur*rec"tion*ist, n. One who favors, or takes part in, insurrection; an insurgent.

In`sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. Want of susceptibility, or of capacity to feel or perceive.

In`sus*cep`ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + susceptible: cf. F. insusceptible.] Not susceptible; not capable of being moved, affected, or impressed; that can not feel, receive, or admit; as, a limb insusceptible of pain; a heart insusceptible of pity; a mind insusceptible to flattery. -- In`sus*cep`ti*bly adv.

In`sus*cep"tive (?), a. Not susceptive or susceptible. [R.] Rambler.

In*su`sur*ra"tion (?), n. [L. insusurratio, fr. insusurrare to whisper into.] The act of whispering into something. [Obs.] Johnson.

In*swathe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inswathed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inswating.] To wrap up; to infold; to swathe.

Inswathed sometimes in wandering mist.
Tennyson.

In*tact" (?), a. [L. intactus; pref. in- not + tactus, p. p. of tangere to touch: cf. F. intact. See In- not, and Tact, Tangent.] Untouched, especially by anything that harms, defiles, or the like; uninjured; undefiled; left complete or entire. Buckle.

When all external differences have passed away, one element remains intact, unchanged, -- the everlasting basis of our common nature, the human soul.
F. W. Robertson.

{ In*tac"ti*ble (?), In*tac"ta*ble (?) }, a. Not perceptible to the touch.

In*tagl"ia*ted (?), a. [It. intagliato, p. p. of intagliare. See Intaglio.] Engraved in intaglio; as, an intagliated stone. T. Warton.

In*tagl"io (?), n.; pl. E. Intaglius (#), It. Intagli (#). [It., fr. intagliare to engrave, carve; pref. in- in + tagliare to cut, carve. See Detail.] A cutting or engraving; a figure cut into something, as a gem, so as to make a design depressed below the surface of the material; hence, anything so carved or impressed, as a gem, matrix, etc.; -- opposed to cameo. Also used adjectively.

In*tail", v. t. See Entail, v. t.

In"take` (?), n. 1. The place where water or air is taken into a pipe or conduit; -- opposed to outlet.

2. the beginning of a contraction or narrowing in a tube or cylinder.

3. The quantity taken in; as, the intake of air.

In*tam"i*na`ted (?), a. [L. intaminatus. See Contaminate.] Uncontaminated. [Obs.] Wood.

In*tan`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Intangibilities (#). [Cf. F. intangibilité.] The quality or state of being intangible; intangibleness.

In*tan"gi*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + tangible: cf. F. intangible.] Not tangible; incapable of being touched; not perceptible to the touch; impalpable; imperceptible. Bp. Wilkins.

A corporation is an artificial, invisible, intangible being.
Marshall.

-- In*tan"gi*ble*ness, n. -- In*tan"gi*bly, adv.

In*tan"gle (?), v. t. See Entangle.

In*tast"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being tasted; tasteless; unsavory. [R.] Grew.

In"te*ger (?), n. [L. integer untouched, whole, entire. See Entire.] A complete entity; a whole number, in contradistinction to a fraction or a mixed number.

Complex integer (Theory of Numbers), an expression of the form a + b√-1, where a and b are real integers.

In`te*gra*bil"i*ty (?), n. (Math.) The quality of being integrable.

In"te*gra*ble (?), a. (Math.) Capable of being integrated.

In"te*gral (?), a. [Cf. F. intégral. See Integer.]

1. Lacking nothing of completeness; complete; perfect; uninjured; whole; entire.

A local motion keepeth bodies integral.
Bacon.

2. Essential to completeness; constituent, as a part; pertaining to, or serving to form, an integer; integrant.

Ceasing to do evil, and doing good, are the two great integral parts that complete this duty.
South.

3. (Math.) (a) Of, pertaining to, or being, a whole number or undivided quantity; not fractional. (b) Pertaining to, or proceeding by, integration; as, the integral calculus.

Integral calculus. See under Calculus.

In"te*gral, n. 1. A whole; an entire thing; a whole number; an individual.

2. (Math.) An expression which, being differentiated, will produce a given differential. See differential Differential, and Integration. Cf. Fluent.

Elliptic integral, one of an important class of integrals, occurring in the higher mathematics; -- so called because one of the integrals expresses the length of an arc of an ellipse.

In`te*gral"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. intégralité.] Entireness. [Obs.] Whitaker.

In"te*gral*ly (?), adv. In an integral manner; wholly; completely; also, by integration.

In"te*grant (?), a. [L. integrans, -antis, p. pr. of integrare to make whole, renew: cf. F. intégrant. See Integrate.] Making part of a whole; necessary to constitute an entire thing; integral. Boyle.

All these are integrant parts of the republic.
Burke.

Integrant parts, or particles, of bodies, those smaller particles into which a body may be reduced without loss of its original constitution, as by mechanical division.

In"te*grate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Integrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Integrating (?).] [L. integratus, p. p. of integrare to make whole, renew: cf. F. intégrer. See Integer, Entire.]

1. To form into one whole; to make entire; to complete; to renew; to restore; to perfect. "That conquest rounded and integrated the glorious empire." De Quincey.

Two distinct substances, the soul and body, go to compound and integrate the man.
South.

2. To indicate the whole of; to give the sum or total of; as, an integrating anemometer, one that indicates or registers the entire action of the wind in a given time.

3. (Math.) To subject to the operation of integration; to find the integral of.

In`te*gra"tion (&ibreve;n`t&esl;*grā"shŭn), n. [L. integratio a renewing, restoring: cf. F. intégration.]

1. The act or process of making whole or entire.

2. (Math.) The operation of finding the primitive function which has a given function for its differential coefficient. See Integral.

&fist; The symbol of integration is &integral2l; (standing for the Latin summa sum), and the integral is also regarded as the limiting value of the sum of great numbers of differentials, when the magnitude of the differentials decreases, and their number increases indefinitely. See Limit, n. When the summation is made between specified values of the variable, the result is a definite integral, and those values of the variable are the limits of the integral. When the summation is made successively for two or more variables, the result is a multiple integral.

3. In the theory of evolution: The process by which the manifold is compacted into the relatively simple and permanent. It is supposed to alternate with differentiation as an agent in development.

In"te*gra`tor (?), n. (Math. & Mech.) That which integrates; esp., an instrument by means of which the area of a figure can be measured directly, or its moment of inertia, or statical moment, etc., be determined.

In*teg"ri*ty (?), n. [L. integritas: cf. F. intégrité. See Integer, and cf. Entirety.]

1. The state or quality of being entire or complete; wholeness; entireness; unbroken state; as, the integrity of an empire or territory. Sir T. More.

2. Moral soundness; honesty; freedom from corrupting influence or motive; -- used especially with reference to the fulfillment of contracts, the discharge of agencies, trusts, and the like; uprightness; rectitude.

The moral grandeur of independent integrity is the sublimest thing in nature.
Buckminster.

Their sober zeal, integrity, and worth.
Cowper.

3. Unimpaired, unadulterated, or genuine state; entire correspondence with an original condition; purity.

Language continued long in its purity and integrity.
Sir M. Hale.

Syn. -- Honesty; uprightness; rectitude. See Probity.

In`te*gro*pal"li*al (?), a. [L. integer whole + E. pallial.] (Zoöl.) Having the pallial line entire, or without a sinus, as certain bivalve shells.

In*teg`u*ma"tion (?), n. [See Integument.] That part of physiology which treats of the integuments of animals and plants.

In*teg"u*ment (?), n. [L. integumentum, fr. integere to cover; pref. in- in, on + tegere to cover: cf. F. intégument. See 1st n-, and Tegument.] That which naturally invests or covers another thing, as the testa or the tegmen of a seed; specifically (Anat.), a covering which invests the body, as the skin, or a membrane that invests a particular part.

In*teg`u*men"ta*ry (?), n. Belonging to, or composed of, integuments.

In*teg`u*men*ta"tion (?), n. The act or process of covering with integuments; the state or manner of being thus covered.

In"tel*lect (?), n. [L. intellectus, fr. intelligere, intellectum, to understand: cf. intellect. See Intelligent.] (Metaph.) The part or faculty of the human soul by which it knows, as distinguished from the power to feel and to will; sometimes, the capacity for higher forms of knowledge, as distinguished from the power to perceive objects in their relations; the power to judge and comprehend; the thinking faculty; the understanding.

In"tel*lect`ed (?), a. Endowed with intellect; having intellectual powers or capacities. [R.]

In body, and in bristles, they became
As swine, yet intellected as before.
Cowper.

In`tel*lec"tion (?), n. [L. intellectio synecdoche: cf. F. intellection.] A mental act or process; especially: (a) The act of understanding; simple apprehension of ideas; intuition. Bentley. (b) A creation of the mind itself. Hickok.

In`tel*lec"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. intellectif.]

1. Pertaining to, or produced by, the intellect or understanding; intellectual.

2. Having power to understand, know, or comprehend; intelligent; rational. Glanvill.

3. Capable of being perceived by the understanding only, not by the senses.

Intellective abstractions of logic and metaphysics.
Milton.

In`tel*lec"tive*ly, adv. In an intellective manner. [R.] "Not intellectivelly to write." Warner.

In`tel*lec"tu*al (?; 135), a. [L. intellectualis: cf. F. intellectuel.]

1. Belonging to, or performed by, the intellect; mental; as, intellectual powers, activities, etc.

Logic is to teach us the right use of our reason or intellectual powers.
I. Watts.

2. Endowed with intellect; having the power of understanding; having capacity for the higher forms of knowledge or thought; characterized by intelligence or mental capacity; as, an intellectual person.

Who would lose,
Though full of pain, this intellectual being,
Those thoughts that wander through eternity?
Milton.

3. Suitable for exercising the intellect; formed by, and existing for, the intellect alone; perceived by the intellect; as, intellectual employments.

4. Relating to the understanding; treating of the mind; as, intellectual philosophy, sometimes called "mental" philosophy.

In`tel*lec"tu*al, n. The intellect or understanding; mental powers or faculties.

Her husband, for I view far round, not nigh,
Whose higher intellectual more I shun.
Milton.

I kept her intellectuals in a state of exercise.
De Quincey.

In`tel*lec"tu*al*ism (?), n. 1. Intellectual power; intellectuality.

2. The doctrine that knowledge is derived from pure reason.

In`tel*lec"tu*al*ist (?), n. 1. One who overrates the importance of the understanding. [R.] Bacon.

2. One who accepts the doctrine of intellectualism.

In`tel*lec`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. intellectualitas: cf. F. intellectualité.] Intellectual powers; possession of intellect; quality of being intellectual.

In`tel*lec"tu*al*ize (?), v. t. 1. To treat in an intellectual manner; to discuss intellectually; to reduce to intellectual form; to express intellectually; to idealize.

Sentiment is intellectualized emotion.
Lowell.

2. To endow with intellect; to bestow intellectual qualities upon; to cause to become intellectual.

In`tel*lec"tu*al*ly, adv. In an intellectual manner.

In*tel"li*gence (?), n. [F. intelligence, L. intelligentia, intellegentia. See Intelligent.]

1. The act or state of knowing; the exercise of the understanding.

2. The capacity to know or understand; readiness of comprehension; the intellect, as a gift or an endowment.

And dimmed with darkness their intelligence.
Spenser.

3. Information communicated; news; notice; advice.

Intelligence is given where you are hid.
Shak.

4. Acquaintance; intercourse; familiarity. [Obs.]

He lived rather in a fair intelligence than any friendship with the favorites.
Clarendon.

5. Knowledge imparted or acquired, whether by study, research, or experience; general information.

I write as he that none intelligence
Of meters hath, ne flowers of sentence.
Court of Love.

6. An intelligent being or spirit; -- generally applied to pure spirits; as, a created intelligence. Milton.

The great Intelligences fair
That range above our mortal state,
In circle round the blessed gate,
Received and gave him welcome there.
Tennyson.

Intelligence office, an office where information may be obtained, particularly respecting servants to be hired.

Syn. -- Understanding; intellect; instruction; advice; notice; notification; news; information; report.

In*tel"li*gen*cer (?), n. One who, or that which, sends or conveys intelligence or news; a messenger.

All the intriguers in foreign politics, all the spies, and all the intelligencers . . . acted solely upon that principle.
Burke.

In*tel"li*gen*cing (?), a. Informing; giving information; talebearing. [Obs.] Shak.

That sad intelligencing tyrant.
Milton.

In*tel"li*gen*cy (?), n. Intelligence. [Obs.] Evelyn.

In*tel"li*gent (?), a. [L. intelligens, intellegens, -entis, p. pr. of intelligere, intellegere, to perceive; inter between + legere to gather, collect, choose: cf. F. intelligent. See Legend.]

1. Endowed with the faculty of understanding or reason; as, man is an intelligent being.

2. Possessed of intelligence, education, or judgment; knowing; sensible; skilled; marked by intelligence; as, an intelligent young man; an intelligent architect; an intelligent answer.

3. Cognizant; aware; communicative. [Obs.]

Intelligent of seasons.
Milton.

Which are to France the spies and speculations
Intelligent of our state.
Shak.

Syn. -- Sensible; understanding. See Sensible.

In*tel`li*gen"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. intelligentiel.] [R.]

1. Of or pertaining to the intelligence; exercising or implying understanding; intellectual. "With act intelligential." Milton.

2. Consisting of unembodied mind; incorporeal.

Food alike those pure
Intelligential substances require.
Milton.

In*tel`li*gen"tia*ry (?), n. One who gives information; an intelligencer. [Obs.] Holinshed.

In*tel"li*gent*ly (?), adv. In an intelligent manner; with intelligence.

In*tel`li*gi*bil"i*ty (?), [Cf. F. intelligilibilité.] The quality or state of being intelligible; clearness; perspicuity; definiteness.

In*tel"li*gi*ble (?), [L. intellegibilis: cf. F. intelligible. See Intelligent.] Capable of being understood or comprehended; as, an intelligible account or description; intelligible pronunciation, writing, etc.

The intelligible forms of ancient poets.
Coleridge.

Syn. -- Comprehensible; perspicuous; plain; clear.

In*tel"li*gi*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being intelligible; intelligibility. Locke.

In*tel"li*gi*bly, adv. In an intelligible manner; so as to be understood; clearly; plainly; as, to write or speak intelligibly.

{ In*tem"er*ate (?), In*tem"er*a`ted (?), } a. [L. intemeratus; pref. in- not + temeratus defiled.] Pure; undefiled. [Obs.]

In*tem"er*ate*ness (?), n. The state of being unpolluted; purity. [Obs.] Donne.

In*tem"per*a*ment (?), n. A bad state; as, the intemperament of an ulcerated part. [R.] Harvey.

In*tem"per*ance (?), n. [F. intempérance, L. intemperantia. See In- not, and Temperance.]

1. The act of becoming, or state of being, intemperate; excess in any kind of action or indulgence; any immoderate indulgence of the appetites or passions.

God is in every creature; be cruel toward none, neither abuse any by intemperance.
Jer. Taylor.

Some, as thou sawest, by violent stroke shall die,
By fire, flood, famine, by intemperance more
In meats and drinks.
Milton.

2. Specifically: Habitual or excessive indulgence in alcoholic liquors.

In*tem"per*an*cy (?), n. Intemperance. [Obs.]

In*tem"per*ant (?), a. [L. intemperans, -antis. See In- not, and Temperant.] Intemperate. [Obs.]

Such as be intemperant, that is, followers of their naughty appetites and lusts.
Udall.

In*tem`per*ate (?), a. [L. intemperatus. See In- not, and Temperate.] 1. Indulging any appetite or passion to excess; immoderate in enjoyment or exertion.

2. Specifically, addicted to an excessive or habitual use of alcoholic liquors.

3. Excessive; ungovernable; inordinate; violent; immoderate; as, intemperate language, zeal, etc.; intemperate weather.

Most do taste through fond intemperate thirst.
Milton.

Use not thy mouth to intemperate swearing.
Ecclus. xxiii. 13.

In*tem`per*ate (?), v. t. To disorder. [Obs.]

In*tem`per*ate*ly (?), adv. In an intemperate manner; immoderately; excessively; without restraint.

The people . . . who behaved very unwisely and intemperately on that occasion.
Burke.

In*tem`per*ate*ness, n. 1. The state of being intemperate; excessive indulgence of any appetite or passion; as, intemperateness in eating or drinking.

2. Severity of weather; inclemency. Boyle.

By unseasonable weather, by intemperateness of the air or meteors.
Sir M. Hale.

In*tem"per*a*ture (?; 135), n. [Cf. OF. intemperature.] Intemperateness. [Obs.] Boyle.

In`tem*pes"tive (?), a. [L. intempestivus: cf. F. intempestif. See In- not, and Tempestive.] Out of season; untimely. [Obs.] Burton.

Intempestive bashfulness gets nothing.
Hales.

In`tem*pes"tive*ly, adv. Unseasonably. [Obs.]

In*tem`pes*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [L. intempestivitas: cf. F. intempestivité.] Unseasonableness; untimeliness. [Obs.] Hales.

In*ten"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + tenable: cf. F. intenable.] Incapable of being held; untenable; not defensible; as, an intenable opinion; an intenable fortress. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton.

In*tend" (&ibreve;n*t&ebreve;nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intended; p. pr. & vb. n. Intending.] [OE. entenden to be attentive, F. entendre, fr. L. intendre, intentum, and intensum, to intend, attend, stretch out, extend; pref. in- in + tendere to stretch, stretch out. See Tend.]

1. To stretch; to extend; to distend. [Obs.]

By this the lungs are intended or remitted.
Sir M. Hale.

2. To strain; to make tense. [Obs.]

When a bow is successively intended and remedied.
Cudworth.

3. To intensify; to strengthen. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Magnetism may be intended and remitted.
Sir I. Newton.

4. To apply with energy.

Let him intend his mind, without respite, without rest, in one direction.
Emerson.

5. To bend or turn; to direct, as one's course or journey. [Archaic] Shak.

6. To fix the mind on; to attend to; to take care of; to superintend; to regard. [Obs.]

Having no children, she did, with singular care and tenderness, intend the education of Philip.
Bacon.

My soul, not being able to intend two things at once, abated of its fervency in praying.
Fuller.

7. To fix the mind upon (something to be accomplished); to be intent upon; to mean; to design; to plan; to purpose; -- often followed by an infinitely with to, or a dependent clause with that; as, he intends to go; he intends that she shall remain.

They intended evil against thee.
Ps. xxi. 11.

To-morrow he intends
To hunt the boar with certain of his friends.
Shak.

8. To design mechanically or artistically; to fashion; to mold. [Obs.]

Modesty was made
When she was first intended.
Beau. & Fl.

9. To pretend; to counterfeit; to simulate. [Obs.]

Intend a kind of zeal both to the prince and Claudio.
Shak.

Syn. -- To purpose; mean; design; plan; conceive; contemplate.

In*tend"an*cy (?), n.; pl. Intendancies (#). [Cf. F. intendance. See Intendant.]

1. The office or employment of an intendant.

2. A territorial district committed to the charge of an intendant.

In*tend"ant (?), n. [F. intendant, fr. L. intendere to direct (one's thoughts) to a thing. See Intend.] One who has the charge, direction, or management of some public business; a superintendent; as, an intendant of marine; an intendant of finance.

In*tend"ant, a. [See Intend.] Attentive. [Obs.]

In*tend"ed, a. 1. Made tense; stretched out; extended; forcible; violent. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Purposed; designed; as, intended harm or help.

They drew a curse from an intended good.
Cowper.

3. Betrothed; affianced; as, an intended husband.

In*tend"ed, n. One with whom marriage is designed; one who is betrothed; an affianced lover.

If it were not that I might appear to disparage his intended, . . . I would add that to me she seems to be throwing herself away.
Dickens.

In*tend"ed*ly, adv. Intentionally. [R.] Milton.

In*tend"ent (?), n. See Intendant, n. [Obs.]

In*tend"er (?), n. One who intends. Feltham.

In*tend"i*ment (?), n. [LL. intendimentum. See Intendment.] Attention; consideration; knowledge; understanding. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*tend"ment (?), n. [OE. entendement understanding, insight, F. entendement, fr. LL. intendimentum. See Intend.]

1. Charge; oversight. [Obs.] Ford.

2. Intention; design; purpose.

The intendment of God and nature.
Jer. Taylor.

3. (Law) The true meaning, understanding, or intention of a law, or of any legal instrument.

In*ten"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intenerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intenerating.] [Pref. in- in + L. tener soft, tender. See Tender, a.] To make tender or sensitive; to soften.

Fear intenerates the heart.
Bp. Hall.

So have I seen the little purls of a stream . . . intenerate the stubborn pavement.
Jer. Taylor.

In*ten"er*ate (&ibreve;n*t&ebreve;n"&etilde;r*&asl;t), a. Made tender or soft; softened. [Obs.]

In*ten`er*a"tion (-ā"shŭn), n. The act or process of intenerating, or the state of being intenerated; softening. [R.] Bacon.

In*ten"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. tenere to hold: cf. L. intenibilis not to be grasped. Cf. Intenable.] Incapable of holding or containing. [Obs.]

This captious and intenible sieve.
Shak.

In*ten"sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intensated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intensating.] [See Intense.] To intensify. [R.] Emerson.

In`ten*sa"tion (?), n. The act or process of intensifying; intensification; climax. [R.] Carlyle.

In*ten"sa*tive (?), a. Adding intensity; intensifying.

In*tense" (?), a. [L. intensus stretched, tight, p. p. of intendere to stretch: cf. F. intense. See Intend, and cf. Intent, and cf. Intent, a.]

1. Strained; tightly drawn; kept on the stretch; strict; very close or earnest; as, intense study or application; intense thought.

2. Extreme in degree; excessive; immoderate; as: (a) Ardent; fervent; as, intense heat. (b) Keen; biting; as, intense cold. (c) Vehement; earnest; exceedingly strong; as, intense passion or hate. (d) Very severe; violent; as, intense pain or anguish. (e) Deep; strong; brilliant; as, intense color or light.

In this intense seclusion of the forest.
Hawthorne.

In*tense"ly, adv. 1. Intently. [Obs.] J. Spencer.

2. To an extreme degree; as, weather intensely cold.

In*tense"ness, n. The state or quality of being intense; intensity; as, the intenseness of heat or cold; the intenseness of study or thought.

In*ten`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense.

In*ten"si*fi`er (?), n. One who or that which intensifies or strengthens; in photography, an agent used to intensify the lights or shadows of a picture.

In*ten"si*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intensified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intensifying (?).] [Intense + - fly.] To render more intense; as, to intensify heat or cold; to intensify colors; to intensify a photographic negative; to intensify animosity. Bacon.

How piercing is the sting of pride
By want embittered and intensified.
Longfellow.

In*ten"si*fy, v. i. To become intense, or more intense; to act with increasing power or energy.

In*ten"sion (?), n. [L. intensio: cf. F. intension. See Intend, and cf. Intention.]

1. A straining, stretching, or bending; the state of being strained; as, the intension of a musical string.

2. Increase of power or energy of any quality or thing; intenseness; fervency. Jer. Taylor.

Sounds . . . likewise do rise and fall with the intension or remission of the wind.
Bacon.

3. (Logic & Metaph.) The collective attributes, qualities, or marks that make up a complex general notion; the comprehension, content, or connotation; -- opposed to extension, extent, or sphere.

This law is, that the intension of our knowledge is in the inverse ratio of its extension.
Sir W. Hamilton.

In*ten"si*tive (?), a. Increasing the force or intensity of; intensive; as, the intensitive words of a sentence. H. Sweet.

In*ten"si*ty (?), n. [LL. intensitas: cf. F. intensité. See Intense.]

1. The state or quality of being intense; intenseness; extreme degree; as, intensity of heat, cold, mental application, passion, etc.

If you would deepen the intensity of light, you must be content to bring into deeper blackness and more distinct and definite outline the shade that accompanies it.
F. W. Robertson.

2. (Physics) The amount or degree of energy with which a force operates or a cause acts; effectiveness, as estimated by results produced.

3. (Mech.) The magnitude of a distributed force, as pressure, stress, weight, etc., per unit of surface, or of volume, as the case may be; as, the measure of the intensity of a total stress of forty pounds which is distributed uniformly over a surface of four square inches area is ten pounds per square inch.

4. (Photog.) The degree or depth of shade in a picture.

In*ten"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. intensif. See Intense.]

1. Stretched; admitting of intension, or increase of degree; that can be intensified. Sir M. Hale.

2. Characterized by persistence; intent; unremitted; assiduous; intense. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

3. (Gram.) Serving to give force or emphasis; as, an intensive verb or preposition.

In*ten"sive, n. That which intensifies or emphasizes; an intensive verb or word.

In*ten"sive*ly, adv. In an intensive manner; by increase of degree. Abp. Bramhall.

In*ten"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being intensive; intensity. Sir M. Hale.

In*tent" (?), a. [L. intentus, p. p. of intendere. See Intend, and cf. Intense.]

1. Closely directed; strictly attentive; bent; -- said of the mind, thoughts, etc.; as, a mind intent on self-improvement.

2. Having the mind closely directed to or bent on an object; sedulous; eager in pursuit of an object; -- formerly with to, but now with on; as, intent on business or pleasure. "Intent on mischief." Milton.

Be intent and solicitous to take up the meaning of the speaker.
I. Watts.

In*tent", n. [OE. entent, entente, attention, purpose, OF. entente, F. entente understanding, meaning; a participial noun, fr. F. & OF. entendre. See Intend.] The act of turning the mind toward an object; hence, a design; a purpose; intention; meaning; drift; aim.

Be thy intents wicked or charitable.
Shak.

The principal intent of Scripture is to deliver the laws of duties supernatural.
Hooker.

>To all intents and purposes, in all applications or senses; practically; really; virtually; essentially. "He was miserable to all intents and purpose." L'Estrange.

Syn. -- Design; purpose; intention; meaning; purport; view; drift; object; end; aim; plan.

In`ten*ta"tion (?), n. Intention. [Obs.]

In*ten"tion (?), n. [F. intention, L. intentio. See Intend, and cf. Intension.]

1. A stretching or bending of the mind toward an object; closeness of application; fixedness of attention; earnestness.

Intention is when the mind, with great earnestness, and of choice, fixes its view on any idea.
Locke.

2. A determination to act in a certain way or to do a certain thing; purpose; design; as, an intention to go to New York.

Hell is paved with good intentions.
Johnson.

3. The object toward which the thoughts are directed; end; aim.

In [chronical distempers], the principal intention is to restore the tone of the solid parts.
Arbuthnot.

4. The state of being strained. See Intension. [Obs.]

5. (Logic) Any mental apprehension of an object.

First intention (Logic), a conception of a thing formed by the first or direct application of the mind to the individual object; an idea or image; as, man, stone. -- Second intention (Logic), a conception generalized from first intuition or apprehension already formed by the mind; an abstract notion; especially, a classified notion, as species, genus, whiteness. -- To heal by the first intention (Surg.), to cicatrize, as a wound, without suppuration. -- To heal by the second intention (Surg.), to unite after suppuration.

Syn. -- Design; purpose; object; aim; intent; drift; purport; meaning. See Design.

In*ten"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. intentionnel.] Done by intention or design; intended; designed; as, the act was intentional, not accidental.

In*ten`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being intentional; purpose; design. Coleridge.

In*ten"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In an intentional manner; with intention; by design; of purpose.

In*ten"tioned (?), a. Having designs; -- chiefly used in composition; as, well-intentioned, having good designs; ill-intentioned, having ill designs.

In*ten"tive (?), a. [OE. ententif, OF. ententif, fr. L. intentivus intensive. See Intent, n., and cf. Intensive.] Attentive; intent. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*ten"tive*ly, adv. Attentively; closely. [Obs.] "Intentively to observe." Holland.

In*ten"tive*ness, n. Closeness of attention or application of mind; attentiveness. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

In*tent"ly (?), adv. In an intent manner; as, the eyes intently fixed.

Syn. -- Fixedly; steadfastly; earnestly; attentively; sedulously; diligently; eagerly.

In*tent"ness, n. The state or quality of being intent; close application; attention.

Extreme solicitude or intentness upon business.
South.

In"ter- (?). [L. inter, prep., among, between, a compar. form of in in; akin to intra, intro, within, Skr. antar between, in, and E. in. See In, and cf. Entrails, Interior, Enter-, Exterior.] A prefix signifying among, between, amid; as, interact, interarticular, intermit.

In*ter" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interring (?).] [OE. enteren, OF. enterer, enterrer, LL. interrare; L. pref. in- in + terra the earth. See Terrace.] To deposit and cover in the earth; to bury; to inhume; as, to inter a dead body. Shak.

In`ter*act" (?), n. [Pref. inter- + act. Cf. Entr'acte.] A short act or piece between others, as in a play; an interlude; hence, intermediate employment or time. Chesterfield.

In`ter*act", v. i. To act upon each other; as, two agents mutually interact. Emerson. Tyndall.

In`ter*ac"tion (?), n. 1. Intermediate action.

2. Mutual or reciprocal action or influence; as, the interaction of the heart and lungs on each other.

In`ter*ad"di*tive (?), a. Added or placed between the parts of another thing, as a clause inserted parenthetically in a sentence.

In`ter*a"gen*cy (?), n. Intermediate agency.

In`ter*a"gent (?), n. An intermediate agent.

In"ter*all (?), n. Entrail or inside. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

In`ter*al"ve*o*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between alveoli; as, the interalveolar septa between adjacent air cells in the lungs.

In`ter*am`bu*la"cral (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the interambulacra.

||In`ter*am`bu*la"crum (?), n.; pl. L. Interambulacra (&?;), E. Interambulacrums (&?;). (Zoöl.) In echinoderms, one of the areas or zones intervening between two ambulacra. See Illust. of Ambulacrum.

In`ter*am"ni*an (?), a. [Pref. inter- + L. amnis river: cf. L. interamnus.] Situated between rivers. [R.] "An interamnian country." J. Bryant.

In`ter*an"i*mate (?), v. t. To animate or inspire mutually. [Obs.] Donne.

In`ter*ar`bo*ra"tion (?), n. The interweaving of branches of trees. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

In`ter*ar*tic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated between joints or articulations; as, interarticular cartilages and ligaments.

In`ter*a*tom"ic (?), a. (Chem. & Physics) Between atoms; situated, or acting, between the atoms of bodies; as, interatomic forces.

In`ter*au"lic (?), a. Existing between royal courts. [R.] "Interaulic politics." Motley.

In`ter*au*ric"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between the auricles; as, the interauricular partition of the heart.

In`ter*ax"al (?), a. (Arch.) Situated in an interaxis. Gwilt.

In`ter*ax"il*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Situated within or between the axils of leaves.

In`ter*ax"is (?), n.; pl. Interaxes (&?;). (Arch.) The space between two axes. See Axis, 6.

The doors, windows, niches, and the like, are then placed centrally in the interaxes.
Gwilt.

In`ter*bas*ta"tion (?), n. [Pref. inter- + baste to sew.] Patchwork. [Obs.] Dr. J. Smith.

In`ter*brach"i*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Between the arms.

In`ter*brain` (?), n. (Anat.) See Thalamencephalon.

In`ter*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Between the branchiæ.

In`ter*breed" (?), v. t. & i. To breed by crossing different stocks of animals or plants.

In*ter"ca*lar (?), a. Intercalary.

In*ter"ca*la*ry (?; 277), a. [L. intercalaris, intercalarius: cf. F. intercalaire. See Intercalate.]

1. (Chron.) Inserted or introduced among others in the calendar; as, an intercalary month, day, etc.; -- now applied particularly to the odd day (Feb. 29) inserted in the calendar of leap year. See Bissextile, n.

2. Introduced or inserted among others; additional; supernumerary. "Intercalary spines." Owen.

This intercalary line . . . is made the last of a triplet.
Beattie.

Intercalary day (Med.), one on which no paroxysm of an intermittent disease occurs. Mayne.

In*ter"ca*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercalated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intercalating (?).] [L. intercalatus, p. p. of intercalare to intercalate to intercalate; inter between + calare to call, proclaim. See Calendar.]

1. (Chron.) To insert, as a day or other portion of time, in a calendar.

2. To insert among others, as a verse in a stanza; specif. (Geol.), to introduce as a bed or stratum, between the layers of a regular series of rocks.

Beds of fresh-water shells . . . are intercalated and interstratified with the shale.
Mantell.

In*ter`ca*la"tion (?), n. [L. intercalatio: cf. F. intercalation.]

1. (Chron.) The insertion of a day, or other portion of time, in a calendar.

2. The insertion or introduction of anything among others, as the insertion of a phrase, line, or verse in a metrical composition; specif. (Geol.), the intrusion of a bed or layer between other layers.

Intercalations of fresh-water species in some localities.
Mantell.

In`ter*ca*rot"id (?), a. (Anat.) Situated between the external and internal carotid arteries; as, an intercarotid ganglion.

In`ter*car"pal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the carpal bone; as, intercarpal articulations, ligaments.

In`ter*car`ti*lag"i*nous (?), a. (Anat.) Within cartilage; endochondral; as, intercartilaginous ossification.

In`ter*cav"ern*ous (?), a. (Anat.) Between the cavernous sinuses; as, the intercavernous sinuses connecting the cavernous sinuses at the base of the brain.

In`ter*cede" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Interceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Interceding.] [L. intercedere, intercessum; inter between + cedere to pass: cf. F. intercéder. See Cede.]

1. To pass between; to intervene. [Obs.]

He supposed that a vast period interceded between that origination and the age wherein he lived.
Sir M. Hale.

2. To act between parties with a view to reconcile differences; to make intercession; to beg or plead in behalf of another; to mediate; -- usually followed by with and for; as, I will intercede with him for you.

I to the lords will intercede, not doubting
Their favorable ear.
Milton.

Syn. -- To mediate; arbitrate. See Interpose.

In`ter*cede", v. t. To be, to come, or to pass, between; to separate. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

In`ter*ced"ence (?), n. The act of interceding; intercession; intervention. [R.] Bp. Reynolds.

In`ter*ced"ent, a. [L. intercedens, p. pr. of intercedere.] Passing between; mediating; pleading. [R.] -- In`ter*ced"ent*ly, adv.

In`ter*ced"er (?), n. One who intercedes; an intercessor; a mediator. Johnson.

In`ter*cel"lu*lar (?), a. Lying between cells or cellules; as, intercellular substance, space, or fluids; intercellular blood channels.

In`ter*cen"tral (?), a. Between centers.

Intercentral nerves (Physiol.), those nerves which transmit impulses between nerve centers, as opposed to peripheral fibers, which convey impulses between peripheral parts and nerve centers.

||In`ter*cen"trum (?), n.; pl. Intercentra (&?;). (Anat.) The median of the three elements composing the centra of the vertebræ in some fossil batrachians.

In`ter*cept" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercepted; p. pr. & vb. n. Intercepting.] [L. interceptus, p. p. of intercipere to intercept; inter between + capere to take, seize: cf. F. intercepter. See Capable.]

1. To take or seize by the way, or before arrival at the destined place; to cause to stop on the passage; as, to intercept a letter; a telegram will intercept him at Paris.

God will shortly intercept your breath.
Joye.

2. To obstruct or interrupt the progress of; to stop; to hinder or oppose; as, to intercept the current of a river.

Who intercepts me in my expedition?
Shak.

We must meet first, and intercept his course.
Dryden.

3. To interrupt communication with, or progress toward; to cut off, as the destination; to blockade.

While storms vindictive intercept the shore.
Pope.

4. (Math.) To include between; as, that part of the line which is intercepted between the points A and B.

Syn. -- To cut off; stop; catch; seize; obstruct.

In"ter*cept` (?), n. (Math.) A part cut off or intercepted, as a portion of a line included between two points, or cut off two straight lines or curves.

In`ter*cept"er (?), n. One who, or that which, intercepts. Shak.

In`ter*cep"tion (?), n. [L. interceptio a taking away: cf. F. interception.] The act of intercepting; as, interception of a letter; interception of the enemy.

In`ter*cept"ive (?), a. Intercepting or tending to intercept.

In`ter*ces"sion (?), n. [L. intercessio an intervention, a becoming surety: cf. F. intercession. See Intercede.] The act of interceding; mediation; interposition between parties at variance, with a view to reconcilation; prayer, petition, or entreaty in favor of, or (less often) against, another or others.

But the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us with groanings which can not be uttered.
Rom. viii. 26.

In`ter*ces"sion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or characterized by, intercession or entreaty.

In`ter*ces"sion*ate (?), v. t. To entreat. [Obs.]

In`ter*ces"sor (?), n. [L., a surety: cf. F. intercesseur.]

1. One who goes between, or intercedes; a mediator. (a) One who interposes between parties at variance, with a view to reconcile them. (b) One who pleads in behalf of another. Milton.

2. (Eccl.) A bishop, who, during a vacancy of the see, administers the bishopric till a successor is installed.

In`ter*ces*so"ri*al (?), a. Intercessory.

In`ter*ces"so*ry (?), a. [LL. intercessorius.] Pertaining to, of the nature of, or characterized by, intercession; interceding; as, intercessory prayer.

In`ter*chain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interchained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interchaining.] To link together; to unite closely or firmly, as by a chain.

Two bosoms interchained with an oath.
Shak.

In`ter*change" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interchanged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interchanging (?).] [OE. entrechangen, OF. entrechangier. See Inter-, and Change.]

1. To put each in the place of the other; to give and take mutually; to exchange; to reciprocate; as, to interchange places; they interchanged friendly offices and services.

I shall interchange
My waned state for Henry's regal crown.
Shak.

2. To cause to follow alternately; to intermingle; to vary; as, to interchange cares with pleasures.

In`ter*change", v. i. To make an interchange; to alternate. Sir P. Sidney.

In`ter*change" (?), n. [Cf. OF. entrechange.]

1. The act of mutually changing; the act of mutually giving and receiving; exchange; as, the interchange of civilities between two persons. "Interchange of kindnesses." South.

2. The mutual exchange of commodities between two persons or countries; barter; commerce. Howell.

3. Alternate succession; alternation; a mingling.

The interchanges of light and darkness.
Holder.

Sweet interchange
Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains.
Milton.

In`ter*change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being interchangeable; interchangeableness.

In`ter*change"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. entrechangeable.]

1. Admitting of exchange or mutual substitution. "Interchangeable warrants." Bacon.

2. Following each other in alternate succession; as, the four interchangeable seasons. Holder.

-- In`ter*change"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`ter*change"a*bly, adv.

In`ter*change"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. entrechangement.] Mutual transfer; exchange. [Obs.] Shak.

In`ter*chap"ter (?), n. An intervening or inserted chapter.

In*ter"ci*dence (?), n. [See Intercident.] The act or state of coming or falling between; occurrence; incident. [Obs.] Holland.

In*ter"ci*dent (?), a. [L. intercidens, -entis, p. pr. of intercidere to fall between; inter between + cadere to fall.] Falling or coming between; happening accidentally. [Obs.] Boyle.

In`ter*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. intercipiens, -entis, p. pr. of intercipere. See Intercept.] Intercepting; stopping. -- n. One who, or that which, intercepts or stops anything on the passage. Wiseman.

In`ter*ci"sion (?), n. [L. intercisio a cutting through, fr. intercidere to cut asunder.] A cutting off, through, or asunder; interruption. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

In`ter*cit"i*zen*ship (?), n. The mutual right to civic privileges, in the different States. Bancroft.

In`ter*clav"i*cle (?), n. (Anat.) See Episternum.

In`ter*cla*vic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Between the clavicles; as, the interclavicular notch of the sternum. (b) Of or pertaining to the interclavicle.

In`ter*close" (?), v. t. [Pref. inter- + close. See Interclude.] To shut in; to inclose. [Obs.]

In`ter*cloud" (?), v. t. To cloud. [R.] Daniel.

In`ter*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Intercluding.] [L. intercludere, interclusum; inter between + claudere to shut. See Close, and cf. Interclose.] To shut off or out from a place or course, by something intervening; to intercept; to cut off; to interrupt. Mitford.

So all passage of external air into the receiver may be intercluded.
Boyle.

In`ter*clu"sion (?), n. [L. interclusio. See Interclude.] Interception; a stopping; obstruction.

In`ter*col*le"gi*ate (?), a. Existing or carried on between colleges or universities; as, intercollegiate relations, rivalry, games, etc.

In`ter*col"line (?), a. (Geol.) Situated between hills; -- applied especially to valleys lying between volcanic cones.

In`ter*co*lo"ni*al (?), a. Between or among colonies; pertaining to the intercourse or mutual relations of colonies; as, intercolonial trade. -- In`ter*co*lo"ni*al*ly, adv.

In`ter*co*lum"nar (?), a. Between columns or pillars; as, the intercolumnar fibers of Poupart's ligament; an intercolumnar statue.

In`ter*co*lum`ni*a"tion (?), n. (Arch.) The clear space between two columns, measured at the bottom of their shafts. Gwilt.

&fist; It is customary to measure the intercolumniation in terms of the diameter of the shaft, taken also at the bottom. Different words, derived from the Greek, are in use to denote certain common proportions. They are: Pycnostyle, when the intercolumniation is of one and a half diameters; Systyle, of two diameters; Eustyle, of two and a quarter diameters; Diastyle, of three diameters; Aræostyle, of four or more, and so great that a wooden architrave has to be used instead of stone; Aræosystyle, when the intercolumniations are alternately systyle and aræostyle.

In`ter*com"bat (?), n. Combat. [Obs.] Daniel.

In`ter*com"ing (?), n. The act of coming between; intervention; interference. [Obs.]

In`ter*com"mon (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercommoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intercommoning.] [OF. entrecommuner. See Inter-, and Common, and cf. Intercommune.]

1. To share with others; to participate; especially, to eat at the same table. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (O. Eng. Law) To graze cattle promiscuously in the commons of each other, as the inhabitants of adjoining townships, manors, etc.

In`ter*com"mon*age (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) The right or privilege of intercommoning.

In`ter*com*mune" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intercommuned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intercommuning.] [Cf. Intercommon, Intercommunicate, Commune.]

1. To intercommunicate. [Obs.]

2. To have mutual communication or intercourse by conversation. [Scot.]

In`ter*com*mu"ni*ca*ble (?), a. Capable of being mutually communicated.

In`ter*com*mu"ni*cate (?), v. i. To communicate mutually; to hold mutual communication.

In`ter*com*mu"ni*cate, v. t. To communicate mutually; to interchange. Holland.

In`ter*com*mu`ni*ca"tion (?), n. Mutual communication. Owen.

In`ter*com*mun"ion (?), n. Mutual communion; as, an intercommunion of deities. Faber.

In`ter*com*mu"ni*ty (?), n. Intercommunication; community of possessions, religion, etc.

In consequence of that intercommunity of paganism . . . one nation adopted the gods of another.
Bp. Warburton.

In`ter*com*par"i*son (?), n. Mutual comparison of corresponding parts.

{ In`ter*con"dy*lar (?), In`ter*con"dy*loid (?), } a. (Anat.) Between condyles; as, the intercondylar fossa or notch of the femur.

In`ter*con*nect" (?), v. t. To join together.

In`ter*con*nec"tion (?), n. Connection between; mutual connection.

In`ter*con`ti*nen"tal (?), a. Between or among continents; subsisting or carried on between continents; as, intercontinental relations or commerce.

In`ter*con*vert"i*ble (?), a. Convertible the one into the other; as, coin and bank notes are interconvertible.

In`ter*cos"tal (?), a. (Anat. & Physiol.) Between the ribs; pertaining to, or produced by, the parts between the ribs; as, intercostal respiration, in which the chest is alternately enlarged and contracted by the intercostal muscles.

In"ter*course (?), n. [Formerly entercourse, OF. entrecours commerce, exchange, F. entrecours a reciprocal right on neighboring lands, L. intercursus a running between, fr. intercurrere to run between. See Inter-, and Course.] A commingling; intimate connection or dealings between persons or nations, as in common affairs and civilities, in correspondence or trade; communication; commerce; especially, interchange of thought and feeling; association; communion.

This sweet intercourse
Of looks and smiles.
Milton.

Sexual intercourse, sexual or carnal connection; coition.

Syn. -- Communication; connection; commerce; communion; fellowship; familiarity; acquaintance.

In`ter*cross" (?; 115), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Intercrossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intercrossing.]

1. To cross each other, as lines.

2. (Biol.) To fertilize by the impregnation of one species or variety by another; to impregnate by a different species or variety.

In"ter*cross` (?), n. The process or result of cross fertilization between different kinds of animals, or different varieties of plants.

We have reason to believe that occasional intercrosses take place with all animals and plants.
Darwin.

In`ter*cru"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Between crura; -- applied especially to the interneural plates in the vertebral column of many cartilaginous fishes.

In`ter*cur" (?), v. i. [L. intercurrere. See Intercourse.] To intervene; to come or occur in the meantime. [Obs.] Shelton.

In`ter*cur"rence (?), n. [See Intercurrent.] A passing or running between; occurrence. Boyle.

In`ter*cur"rent (?), a. [L. intercurrens, p. pr. of intercurrere: cf. F. intercurrent. See Intercur.]

1. Running between or among; intervening. Boyle. Bp. Fell.

2. (Med.) (a) Not belonging to any particular season. (b) Said of diseases occurring in the course of another disease. Dunglison.

In`ter*cur"rent (?), n. Something intervening. Holland.

In`ter*cu*ta"ne*ous (?), a. Subcutaneous.

In`ter*dash" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interdashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interdashing.] To dash between or among; to intersperse. Cowper.

In`ter*deal", v. i. To intrigue. [Obs.] Daniel.

In`ter*den"tal (?), a. 1. Situated between teeth; as, an interdental space, the space between two teeth in a gear wheel.

2. (Phon.) Formed between the upper and lower teeth; as, interdental consonants.

In`ter*den"til (?), n. (Arch.) The space between two dentils. Gwilt.

In`ter*de*pend"ence (?), n. Mutual dependence. "The interdependence of virtue and knowledge." M. Arnold.

In`ter*de*pend"en*cy (?), n. Mutual dependence; as, interdependency of interests. De Quincey.

In`ter*de*pend"ent (?), a. Mutually dependent.

In`ter*dict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interdicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Interdicting.] [OE. entrediten to forbid communion, L. interdicere, interdictum. See Interdict, n.]

1. To forbid; to prohibit or debar; as, to interdict intercourse with foreign nations.

Charged not to touch the interdicted tree.
Milton.

2. (Eccl.) To lay under an interdict; to cut off from the enjoyment of religious privileges, as a city, a church, an individual.

An archbishop may not only excommunicate and interdict his suffragans, but his vicar general may do the same.
Ayliffe.

In"ter*dict` (?), n. [OE. entredit, enterdit, OF. entredit, F. interdit, fr. L. interdictum, fr. interdicere to interpose, prohibit; inter between + dicere to say. See Diction.]

1. A prohibitory order or decree; a prohibition.

These are not fruits forbidden; no interdict
Defends the touching of these viands pure.
Milton.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A prohibition of the pope, by which the clergy or laymen are restrained from performing, or from attending, divine service, or from administering the offices or enjoying the privileges of the church.

3. (Scots Law) An order of the court of session, having the like purpose and effect with a writ of injunction out of chancery in England and America.

In`ter*dic"tion (?), n. [L. interdictio: cf. F. interdiction.] The act of interdicting; prohibition; prohibiting decree; curse; interdict.

The truest issue of thy throne
By his own interdiction stands accurst.
Shak.

In`ter*dict"ive (?), a. Having the power to prohibit; as, an interdictive sentence. Milton.

In`ter*dict"o*ry (?), a. [L. interdictorius.] Belonging to an interdiction; prohibitory.

In`ter*dig"i*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the fingers or toes; as, interdigital space.

In`ter*dig"i*tate (?), v. t. To interweave. [R.]

In`ter*dig"i*tate, v. i. [Pref. inter- + L. digitus finger.] To interlock, as the fingers of two hands that are joined; to be interwoven; to commingle. Owen.

In`ter*dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. (Anat.) The state of interdigitating; interdigital space. Owen.

In"ter*dome` (?), n. (Arch.) The open space between the inner and outer shells of a dome or cupola of masonry.

In"ter*duce (?), n. [Cf. F. entre- deux, literally, between two.] (Carp.) An intertie.

In"ter*e*pim"er*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Between the epimeral plates of insects and crustaceans.

In`ter*e`qui*noc"tial (?), a. Coming between the equinoxes.

Summer and winter I have called interequinoctial intervals.
F. Balfour.

In"ter*ess (?), v. t. [See Interest, v. t.] To interest or affect. [Obs.] Hooker.

In"ter*esse (?), n. Interest. [Obs.] Spenser.

In"ter*est (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interested (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interesting.] [From interess'd, p. p. of the older form interess, fr. F. intéresser, L. interesse. See Interest, n.]

1. To engage the attention of; to awaken interest in; to excite emotion or passion in, in behalf of a person or thing; as, the subject did not interest him; to interest one in charitable work.

To love our native country . . . to be interested in its concerns is natural to all men.
Dryden.

A goddess who used to interest herself in marriages.
Addison.

2. To be concerned with or engaged in; to affect; to concern; to excite; -- often used impersonally. [Obs.]

Or rather, gracious sir,
Create me to this glory, since my cause
Doth interest this fair quarrel.
Ford.

3. To cause or permit to share. [Obs.]

The mystical communion of all faithful men is such as maketh every one to be interested in those precious blessings which any one of them receiveth at God's hands.
Hooker.

Syn. -- To concern; excite; attract; entertain; engage; occupy; hold.

In"ter*est, n. [OF. interest, F. intérêt, fr. L. interest it interests, is of interest, fr. interesse to be between, to be difference, to be importance; inter between + esse to be; cf. LL. interesse usury. See Essence.]

1. Excitement of feeling, whether pleasant or painful, accompanying special attention to some object; concern.

&fist; Interest expresses mental excitement of various kinds and degrees. It may be intellectual, or sympathetic and emotional, or merely personal; as, an interest in philosophical research; an interest in human suffering; the interest which an avaricious man takes in money getting.

So much interest have I in thy sorrow.
Shak.

2. Participation in advantage, profit, and responsibility; share; portion; part; as, an interest in a brewery; he has parted with his interest in the stocks.

3. Advantage, personal or general; good, regarded as a selfish benefit; profit; benefit.

Divisions hinder the common interest and public good.
Sir W. Temple.

When interest calls of all her sneaking train.
Pope.

4. Premium paid for the use of money, -- usually reckoned as a percentage; as, interest at five per cent per annum on ten thousand dollars.

They have told their money, and let out
Their coin upon large interest.
Shak.

5. Any excess of advantage over and above an exact equivalent for what is given or rendered.

You shall have your desires with interest.
Shak.

6. The persons interested in any particular business or measure, taken collectively; as, the iron interest; the cotton interest.

Compound interest, interest, not only on the original principal, but also on unpaid interest from the time it fell due. -- Simple interest, interest on the principal sum without interest on overdue interest.

In"ter*est*ed (&ibreve;n"t&etilde;r*&ebreve;st*&ebreve;d), a. [See Interest, v. t.]

1. Having the attention engaged; having emotion or passion excited; as, an interested listener.

2. Having an interest; concerned in a cause or in consequences; liable to be affected or prejudiced; as, an interested witness.

In"ter*est*ed*ness, n. The state or quality of being interested; selfishness. Richardson.

In"ter*est*ing, a. Engaging the attention; exciting, or adapted to excite, interest, curiosity, or emotion; as, an interesting story; interesting news. Cowper.

In"ter*est*ing*ly, adv. In an interesting manner.

In"ter*est*ing*ness, n. The condition or quality of being interesting. A. Smith.

In`ter*fa"cial (?), a. (Geom.) Included between two plane surfaces or faces; as, an interfacial angle.

In`ter*fas*cic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between fascicles or bundles; as, the interfascicular spaces of connective tissue.

In`ter*fer"ant (?), n. (Law) One of the contestants in interference before the Patent Office. [U.S.]

In`ter*fere" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Interfered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interfering.] [OF. entreferir to strike each other; entre between (L. inter) + OF. ferir to strike, F. férir, fr. L. ferire. See Ferula.]

1. To come in collision; to be in opposition; to clash; as, interfering claims, or commands.

2. To enter into, or take a part in, the concerns of others; to intermeddle; to interpose.

To interfere with party disputes.
Swift.

There was no room for anyone to interfere with his own opinions.
Bp. Warburton.

3. To strike one foot against the opposite foot or ankle in using the legs; -- sometimes said of a human being, but usually of a horse; as, the horse interferes.

4. (Physics) To act reciprocally, so as to augment, diminish, or otherwise affect one another; -- said of waves, rays of light, heat, etc. See Interference, 2.

5. (Patent Law) To cover the same ground; to claim the same invention.

Syn. -- To interpose; intermeddle. See Interpose.

In`ter*fer"ence (?), n. [See Interfere.]

1. The act or state of interfering; as, the stoppage of a machine by the interference of some of its parts; a meddlesome interference in the business of others.

2. (Physics) The mutual influence, under certain conditions, of two streams of light, or series of pulsations of sound, or, generally, two waves or vibrations of any kind, producing certain characteristic phenomena, as colored fringes, dark bands, or darkness, in the case of light, silence or increased intensity in sounds; neutralization or superposition of waves generally.

&fist; The term is most commonly applied to light, and the undulatory theory of light affords the proper explanation of the phenomena which are considered to be produced by the superposition of waves, and are thus substantially identical in their origin with the phenomena of heat, sound, waves of water, and the like.

3. (Patent Law) The act or state of interfering, or of claiming a right to the same invention.

Interference figures (Optics), the figures observed when certain sections of crystallized bodies are viewed in converging polarized light; thus, a section of a uniaxial crystal, cut normal to the vertical axis, shows a series of concentric colored rings with a single black cross; -- so called because produced by the interference of luminous waves. - - Interference fringe. (Optics) See Fringe.

In`ter*fer"er (?), n. One who interferes.

In`ter*fer"ing*ly, adv. By or with interference.

In`ter*flow" (?), v. i. To flow in. [R.] Holland.

{ In*ter"flu*ent (?), In*ter"flu*ous (?), } a. [L. interfluens, p. pr., and interfluus. See Inter-, and Fluent.] Flowing between or among; intervening. Boyle.

In`ter*fold"ed (?), p. a. Intertwined; interlocked; clasped together. Longfellow.

In`ter*fo`li*a"ceous (?), a. [Pref. inter- + foliaceous: cf. F. interfoliacé.] (Bot.) At the same node with opposite or whorled leaves, but occupying a position between their places of attachment.

In`ter*fo"li*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. inter- + L. folium leaf.] To interleave. [Obs.] Evelyn.

In`ter*fol*lic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between follicles; as, the interfollicular septa in a lymphatic gland.

In`ter*fret"ted (?), a. (Her.) Interlaced; linked together; -- said of charges or bearings. See Fretted.

In`ter*ful"gent (?), a. [L. interfulgens, p. pr. See Inter-, and Fulgent.] Shining between.

In`ter*fuse" (&?;), v. t. [L. interfusus, p. p. of interfundere to pour between; inter between + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.]

1. To pour or spread between or among; to diffuse; to scatter.

The ambient air, wide interfused,
Embracing round this florid earth.
Milton.

2. To spread through; to permeate; to pervade. [R.]

Keats, in whom the moral seems to have so perfectly interfused the physical man, that you might almost say he could feel sorrow with his hands.
Lowell.

3. To mix up together; to associate. H. Spencer.

In`ter*fu"sion (?), n. [L. interfusio.] The act of interfusing, or the state of being interfused. Coleridge.

In`ter*gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Between and uniting the nervous ganglions; as, interganglionic cords.

In`ter*glob"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between globules; -- applied esp. to certain small spaces, surrounded by minute globules, in dentine.

In`ter*grave" (?), v. t. [imp. Intergraved (?); p. p. Intergraved or Intergraven (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Intergraving.] To grave or carve between; to engrave in the alternate sections.

The work itself of the bases, was intergraven.
3 Kings vii. 28 (Douay version. )

{ In`ter*he"mal, In`ter*hæ"mal } (?), a. (Anat.) Between the hemal arches or hemal spines. -- n. An interhemal spine or cartilage.

In`ter*hy"al (?), a. [Inter- + the Greek letter &?;.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a segment sometimes present at the proximal end of the hyoidean arch. -- n. An interhyal ligament or cartilage.

In"ter*im (?), n. [L., fr. inter between + im, an old accusative of is he, this, that.]

1. The meantime; time intervening; interval between events, etc.

All the interim is
Like a phantasms, or a hideous dream.
Shak.

2. (Hist.) A name given to each of three compromises made by the emperor Charles V. of Germany for the sake of harmonizing the connecting opinions of Protestants and Catholics.

In*te"ri*or (?), a. [L., compar. fr. inter between: cf. F. intérieur. See Inter- , and cf. Intimate.]

1. Being within any limits, inclosure, or substance; inside; internal; inner; -- opposed to exterior, or superficial; as, the interior apartments of a house; the interior surface of a hollow ball.

2. Remote from the limits, frontier, or shore; inland; as, the interior parts of a region or country.

Interior angle (Geom.), an angle formed between two sides, within any rectilinear figure, as a polygon, or between two parallel lines by these lines and another intersecting them; -- called also internal angle. -- Interior planets (Astron.), those planets within the orbit of the earth. -- Interior screw, a screw cut on an interior surface, as in a nut; a female screw.

Syn. -- Internal; inside; inner; inland; inward.

In*te"ri*or, n. 1. That which is within; the internal or inner part of a thing; the inside.

2. The inland part of a country, state, or kingdom.

Department of the Interior, that department of the government of the United States which has charge of pensions, patents, public lands and surveys, the Indians, education, etc.; that department of the government of a country which is specially charged with the internal affairs of that country; the home department. -- Secretary of the Interior, the cabinet officer who, in the United States, is at the head of the Department of the Interior.

In*te`ri*or"i*ty (?), n. State of being interior.

In*te"ri*or*ly (?), adv. Internally; inwardly.

{ In`ter*ja"cence (?), In`ter*ja"cen*cy (?), } n. [See Interjacent.] The state of being between; a coming or lying between or among; intervention; also, that which lies between.

England and Scotland is divided only by the interjacency of the Tweed.
Sir M. Hale.

In`ter*ja"cent (?), a. [L. interjacens, -entis, p. pr. of interjacere to lie between; inter between + jac&?;re to lie.] Lying or being between or among; intervening; as, interjacent isles. Sir W. Raleigh.

In`ter*jac"u*late (?), v. t. To ejaculate parenthetically. [R.] Thackeray.

In`ter*jan"gle (?), v. i. To make a dissonant, discordant noise one with another; to talk or chatter noisily. [R.] Daniel.

In`ter*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interjected; p. pr. & vb. n. Interjecting.] [L. interjectus, p. p. of interjicere to interject; inter between + jac&?;re to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] To throw in between; to insert; to interpose. Sir H. Wotton.

In`ter*ject", v. i. To throw one's self between or among; to come between; to interpose. Sir G. Buck.

In`ter*jec"tion (?), n. [L. interjectio: cf. F. interjection. See Interject.]

1. The act of interjecting or throwing between; also, that which is interjected.

The interjection of laughing.
Bacon.

2. (Gram.) A word or form of speech thrown in to express emotion or feeling, as O! Alas! Ha ha! Begone! etc. Compare Exclamation.

An interjection implies a meaning which it would require a whole grammatical sentence to expound, and it may be regarded as the rudiment of such a sentence. But it is a confusion of thought to rank it among the parts of speech.
Earle.

How now! interjections? Why, then, some be of laughing, as, ah, ha, he!
Shak.

In`ter*jec"tion*al (?), a. 1. Thrown in between other words or phrases; parenthetical; ejaculatory; as, an interjectional remark.

2. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an interjection; consisting of natural and spontaneous exclamations.

Certain of the natural accompaniments of interjectional speech, such as gestures, grimaces, and gesticulations, are restrained by civilization.
Earle.

In`ter*jec"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To convert into, or to use as, an interjection. Earle.

In`ter*jec"tion*al*ly, adv. In an interjectional manner. G. Eliot.

In`ter*jec"tion*a*ry (?), a. Interjectional.

In`ter*join" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interjoined; p. pr. & vb. n. Interjoining.] [Pref. inter + join.] To join mutually; to unite. [R.] Shak.

In"ter*joist` (?), n. (Carp.) 1. The space or interval between two joists. Gwilt.

2. A middle joist or crossbeam. De Colange.

In`ter*junc"tion (?), n. [L. interjunctus, p. p. of interjungere to join together. See Inter-, and Join, and cf. Interjoin.] A mutual joining. [R.]

In`ter*knit" (?), v. t. To knit together; to unite closely; to intertwine.

In`ter*know" (?), v. t. To know mutually. [Obs.]

In`ter*knowl"edge (?), n. Mutual knowledge or acquaintance. [Obs.] Bacon.

In`ter*lace" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Interlaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interlacing (?).] [OE. entrelacen, F. entrelacer. See Inter-, and Lace.] To unite, as by lacing together; to insert or interpose one thing within another; to intertwine; to interweave.

Severed into stripes
That interlaced each other.
Cowper.

The epic way is everywhere interlaced with dialogue.
Dryden.

Interlacing arches (Arch.), arches, usually circular, so constructed that their archivolts intersect and seem to be interlaced.

In`ter*lace"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. entrelacement.] The act of interlacing, or the state of being interlaced; also, that which is interlaced.

{ In`ter*lam"el*lar (?), In`ter*lam"i*nar (?) }, a. (Anat.) Between lammellæ or laminæ; as, interlamellar spaces.

In`ter*lam"i*na`ted (?), a. Placed between, or containing, laminæ or plates.

In`ter*lam`i*na"tion (?), n. The state of being interlaminated.

In"ter*lapse` (?), n. [Pref. inter- + lapse: cf. L. interlabi, interlapsus, to fall, slide, or flow, between.] The lapse or interval of time between two events. [R.] Harvey.

In`ter*lard" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interlarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Interlarding.] [F. entrelarder. See Inter-, and Lard.]

1. To place lard or bacon amongst; to mix, as fat meat with lean. [Obs.]

Whose grain doth rise in flakes, with fatness interlarded.
Drayton.

2. Hence: To insert between; to mix or mingle; especially, to introduce that which is foreign or irrelevant; as, to interlard a conversation with oaths or allusions.

The English laws . . . [were] mingled and interlarded with many particular laws of their own.
Sir M. Hale.

They interlard their native drinks with choice
Of strongest brandy.
J. Philips.

In`ter*lay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interlaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interlaying.] To lay or place among or between. Daniel.

In"ter*leaf` (?), n.; pl. Interleaves (#). [See Interleave.] A leaf inserted between other leaves; a blank leaf inserted, as in a book.

In`ter*leave" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interleaved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interleaving.] [Pref. inter- + leaf.] To insert a leaf or leaves in; to bind with blank leaves inserted between the others; as, to interleave a book.

In`ter*li"bel (?), v. t. To libel mutually.

In`ter*line" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interlined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interlining.] [Pref. inter- + line: cf. LL. interlineare, F. interlinéer, OF. entreligner.]

1. To write or insert between lines already written or printed, as for correction or addition; to write or print something between the lines of; as, to interline a page or a book. Swift.

2. To arrange in alternate lines; as, to interline Latin and English. Locke.

3. To mark or imprint with lines.

A crooked wrinkle interlines my brow.
Marlowe.

{ In`ter*lin"e*al (?), In`ter*lin"e*ar (?), } a. [Cf. LL. interlinearis, F. interlinéaire.] Contained between lines; written or inserted between lines already written or printed; containing interlineations; as, an interlinear manuscript, translation, etc. -- In`ter*lin"e*ar*ly, adv.

In`ter*lin"e*a*ry (?), a. Interlinear. -- n. A book containing interlineations. [R.]

In`ter*lin`e*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. interlinéation.]

1. The act of interlining.

2. That which is interlined; a passage, word, or line inserted between lines already written or printed.

In`ter*lin"ing (?), n. Correction or alteration by writing between the lines; interlineation. Bp. Burnet.

In`ter*link" (?), v. t. To link together; to join, as one chain to another. Dryden.

In`ter*link" (?), n. An intermediate or connecting link.

In`ter*lo"bar (?), a. (Anat.) Between lobes; as, the interlobar notch of the liver; the interlobar ducts of a gland.

In`ter*lob"u*lar (?), a. [Pref. inter- + lobular: cf. F. interlobulaire.] (Anat.) Between lobules; as, the interlobular branches of the portal vein.

In`ter*lo*ca"tion (?), n. A placing or coming between; interposition.

In`ter*lock" (?), v. i. To unite, embrace, communicate with, or flow into, one another; to be connected in one system; to lock into one another; to interlace firmly.

In`ter*lock", v. t. To unite by locking or linking together; to secure in place by mutual fastening.

My lady with her fingers interlocked.
Tennyson.

In`ter*lo*cu"tion (?), n. [L. interlocutio, from interloqui, interlocutus, to speak between; inter between + loqui to speak: cf. F. interlocution. See Loquacious.]

1. Interchange of speech; dialogue; conversation; conference.

2. (Law) An intermediate act or decree before final decision. Ayliffe.

3. Hence, intermediate argument or discussion.

In`ter*loc"u*tor (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. interlocuteur.]

1. One who takes part in dialogue or conversation; a talker, interpreter, or questioner. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Law) An interlocutory judgment or sentence.

In`ter*loc"u*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. LL. interlocutorius, F. interlocutoire.]

1. Consisting of, or having the nature of, dialogue; conversational.

Interlocutory discourses in the Holy Scriptures.
Fiddes.

2. (Law) Intermediate; not final or definitive; made or done during the progress of an action.

&fist; An order, sentence, decree, or judgment, given in an intermediate stage between the commencement and termination of a cause, is called interlocutory.

In`ter*loc"u*to*ry, n. [Cf. F. interlocutoire.] Interpolated discussion or dialogue.

In`ter*loc"u*trice (?), n. [F.] A female interlocutor.

In`ter*lope" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Interloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interloping.] [See Interloper.] To run between parties and intercept without right the advantage that one should gain from the other; to traffic without a proper license; to intrude; to forestall others; to intermeddle.

In"ter*lo`per (?; 277), n. [Pref. inter- + D. looper a runner, fr. loopen to run; akin to E. leap. See Leap, and cf. Elope.] One who interlopes; one who unlawfully intrudes upon a property, a station, or an office; one who interferes wrongfully or officiously.

The untrained man, . . . the interloper as to the professions.
I. Taylor.

In`ter*lu"cate (?), v. t. [L. interlucatus, p. p. of interlucare; inter between + lux, lucis, light.] To let in light upon, as by cutting away branches. [Obs.]

In`ter*lu*ca"tion (?), n. [L. interlucatio.] Act of thinning a wood to let in light. [Obs.] Evelyn.

In`ter*lu"cent (?), a. [L. interlucens, p. pr. See Inter-, and Lucent.] Shining between.

In`ter*lude (?), n. [OE. enterlude, LL. interludium; LL. inter between + ludus play, fr. ludere to play: cf. F. interlude. See Ludicrous.]

1. A short entertainment exhibited on the stage between the acts of a play, or between the play and the afterpiece, to relieve the tedium of waiting.

Dreams are but interludes, which fancy makes
When monarch reason sleeps.
Dryden.

2. A form of English drama or play, usually short, merry, and farcical, which succeeded the Moralities or Moral Plays in the transition to the romantic or Elizabethan drama.

3. (Mus.) A short piece of instrumental music played between the parts of a song or cantata, or the acts of a drama; especially, in church music, a short passage played by the organist between the stanzas of a hymn, or in German chorals after each line.

In"ter*lu`ded (?), a. Inserted in the manner of an interlude; having or containing interludes.

In"ter*lu`der (?), n. An actor who performs in an interlude. B. Jonson.

In"ter*lu`en*cy (?), n. [L. interluens, p. pr. of interluere to flow between; inter + luere.] A flowing between; intervening water. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

{ In`ter*lu"nar (?), In`ter*lu"na*ry (?), } a. [Pref. inter- + lunar: cf. L. interlunis.] Belonging or pertaining to the time when the moon, at or near its conjunction with the sun, is invisible. Milton.

In`ter*man*dib"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between the mandibles; interramal; as, the intermandibular space.

In`ter*mar"riage (?), n. Connection by marriage; reciprocal marriage; giving and taking in marriage, as between two families, tribes, castes, or nations.

In`ter*mar"ry (?), v. i. To become connected by marriage between their members; to give and take mutually in marriage; -- said of families, ranks, castes, etc.

About the middle of the fourth century from the building of Rome, it was declared lawful for nobles and plebeians to intermarry.
Swift.

||In`ter*max*il"la (?), n.; pl. Intermaxillæ (&?;). (Anat.) See Premaxilla.

In`ter*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Between the maxillary bones. (b) Of or pertaining to the intermaxillæ. -- n. An intermaxilla.

In"ter*mean` (?), n. Something done in the meantime; interlude. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

In`ter*me*a"tion (?), n. [L. intermeare, intermeatum; to go between; inter between + meare to go.] A flowing between. [Obs.] Bailey.

In`ter*med"dle (?), v. i. [OE. entremedlen, entermellen, to mix together, OF. entremedler, entremeller, entremesler, F. entremêler. See Inter-, and Meddle.] To meddle with the affairs of others; to meddle officiously; to interpose or interfere improperly; to mix or meddle with.

The practice of Spain hath been, by war and by conditions of treaty, to intermeddle with foreign states.
Bacon.

Syn. -- To interpose; interfere. See Interpose.

In`ter*med"dle (?), v. t. To intermix; to mingle. [Obs.]

Many other adventures are intermeddled.
Spenser.

In`ter*med"dler (?), n. One who meddles with, or intrudes into, the affairs of others. Swift.

In`ter*med"dle*some (?), a. Inclined or disposed to intermeddle. -- In`ter*med"dle*some*ness, n.

In`ter*med"dling (?), n. The act of improperly interfering. Burke.

In"ter*mede (?), n. [F. intermède, fr. L. inter between + medius, adj., middle; cf. It. intermedio. Cf. Intermezzo.] A short musical dramatic piece, of a light and pleasing, sometimes a burlesque, character; an interlude introduced between the acts of a play or an opera.

In`ter*me"di*a*cy (?), n. [From Intermediate.] Interposition; intervention. Derham.

||In`ter*me"di*æ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. intermedius intermedial.] (Zoöl.) The middle pair of tail feathers, or middle rectrices.

In`ter*me"di*al (?), a. [Pref. inter- + medial: cf. L. intermedius.] Lying between; intervening; intermediate. "Intermedial colors." Evelyn.

In`ter*me"di*an (?), a. Intermediate. [Obs.]

In`ter*me"di*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. intermédiaire.] Lying, coming, or done, between; intermediate; as, an intermediary project.

Intermediary amputation (Surg.), an amputation for injury, performed after inflammation has set in.

In`ter*me"di*a*ry, n.; pl. Intermediaries (&?;). One who, or that which, is intermediate; an interagent; a go-between.

In`ter*me"di*ate (?), a. [Pref. inter- + mediate: cf. F. intermédiat.] Lying or being in the middle place or degree, or between two extremes; coming or done between; intervening; interposed; interjacent; as, an intermediate space or time; intermediate colors.

Intermediate state (Theol.), the state or condition of the soul between the death and the resurrection of the body. -- Intermediate terms (Math.), the terms of a progression or series between the first and the last (which are called the extremes); the means. -- Intermediate tie. (Arch.) Same as Intertie.

In`ter*me"di*ate (?), v. i. To come between; to intervene; to interpose. Milton.

In`ter*me"di*ate*ly (?), adv. In an intermediate manner; by way of intervention.

In`ter*me`di*a"tion (?), n. The act of coming between; intervention; interposition. Burke.

In`ter*me"di*a`tor (?), n. A mediator.

In`ter*me"di*ous (?), a. [L. intermedius.] Intermediate. [R.] Cudworth.

In`ter*me"di*um (?), n.; pl. Intermediums (#), L. Intermedia (#). [NL., neut. of L. intermedius intermediate.]

1. Intermediate space. [R.]

2. An intervening agent or instrument. Cowper.

3. (Anat.) The bone or cartilage between the radiale and ulnare in the carpus, and between the tibiale and fibulare in the tarsus. It corresponds to the lunar in the carpus, and to a part of the astragalus in the tarsus of man and most mammals.

In`ter*mell" (?), v. i. & t. [See Intermeddle.] To intermeddle; to intermix. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

In`ter*mem"bral (?), a. (Anat.) Between members or limbs; as, intermembral homology, the correspondence of the limbs with each other.

In`ter*mem"bra*nous (?), a. (Anat.) Within or beneath a membrane; as, intermembranous ossification.

In*ter"ment (?), n. [OE. enterment, F. enterrement. See Inter, v. t.] The act or ceremony of depositing a dead body in the earth; burial; sepulture; inhumation. T. Warton.

In`ter*men"tion (?), v. t. To mention among other things, or casually or incidentally. [Obs.]

In`ter*mes`en*ter"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Within the mesentery; as, the intermesenteric, or aortic, plexus.

In`ter*me`ta*car"pal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the metacarpal bones.

In`ter*me`ta*tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the metatarsal bones.

||In`ter*mez"zo (?), n. [It. See Intermede.] (Mus.) An interlude; an intermede. See Intermede.

In`ter*mi"cate (?), v. i. [L. intermicare; inter- between + micare to glitter.] To flash or shine between or among. [R.] Blount.

In`ter*mi*ca"tion (?), n. A shining between or among. [R.] Smart.

In`ter*mi*gra"tion (?), n. Reciprocal migration; interchange of dwelling place by migration. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

In*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [L. interminabilis: cf. F. interminable. See Terminate.] Without termination; admitting no limit; boundless; endless; wearisomely protracted; as, interminable space or duration; interminable sufferings.

That wild interminable waste of waves.
Grainger.

Syn. -- Boundless; endless; limitless; illimitable; immeasurable; infinite; unbounded; unlimited.

In*ter"mi*na*ble*ness, n. The state of being endless.

In*ter"mi*na*bly, adv. Without end or limit.

In*ter"mi*nate, a. [L. interminatus; in- not + terminatus, p. p. of terminate.] Endless; as, interminate sleep. Chapman.

In*ter"mi*nate (?), v. t. [L. interminatus, p. p. of interminari; inter between + minari to threaten.] To menace; to threaten. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In*ter"mi*na`ted (?), a. Interminable; interminate; endless; unending. [Obs.] Akenside.

In*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. interminatio.] A menace or threat. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

In`ter*mine" (?), v. t. To intersect or penetrate with mines. [Obs.] Drayton.

In`ter*min"gle (?), v. t. To mingle or mix together; to intermix. Hooker.

In`ter*min"gle, v. i. To be mixed or incorporated.

Party and faction will intermingle.
Swift.

In"ter*mise (?), n. [Cf. F. entremise. See Intermission.] Interference; interposition. [Obs.] Bacon.

In`ter*mis"sion (?), n. [L. intermissio: cf. F. intermission. See Intermit.]

1. The act or the state of intermitting; the state of being neglected or disused; disuse; discontinuance. B. Jonson.

2. Cessation for a time; an intervening period of time; an interval; a temporary pause; as, to labor without intermission; an intermission of ten minutes.

Rest or intermission none I find.
Milton.

3. (Med.) The temporary cessation or subsidence of a fever; the space of time between the paroxysms of a disease. Intermission is an entire cessation, as distinguished from remission, or abatement of fever.

4. Intervention; interposition. [Obs.] Heylin.

Syn. -- Cessation; interruption; interval; pause; stop; rest; suspension. See Cessation.

In`ter*mis"sive (?), a. Having temporary cessations; not continual; intermittent. "Intermissive miseries." Shak. "Intermissive wars." Howell.

In`ter*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intermitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intermitting.] [L. intermittere; inter between + mittere, missum, to send: cf. OE. entremeten to busy (one's self) with, F. s'entremettre. See Missile.] To cause to cease for a time, or at intervals; to interrupt; to suspend.

Pray to the gods to intermit the plague.
Shak.

In`ter*mit", v. i. To cease for a time or at intervals; to moderate; to be intermittent, as a fever. Pope.

In`ter*mit"tence (?), n. [Cf. F. intermittence.] Act or state of intermitting; intermission. Tyndall.

In`ter*mit"tent (?), a. [L. intermittens, -entis, p. pr. of intermittere: cf. F. intermittent.] Coming and going at intervals; alternating; recurrent; periodic; as, an intermittent fever. Boyle.

Intermittent fever (Med.), a disease with fever which recurs at certain intervals; -- applied particularly to fever and ague. See Fever. -- Intermittent gearing (Mach.), gearing which receives, or produces, intermittent motion. -- Intermittent springs, springs which flow at intervals, not apparently dependent upon rain or drought. They probably owe their intermittent action to their being connected with natural reservoirs in hills or mountains by passages having the form of a siphon, the water beginning to flow when it has accumulated so as to fill the upper part of the siphon, and ceasing when, by running through it, it has fallen below the orifice of the upper part of the siphon in the reservoir.

In`ter*mit"tent, n. (Med.) An intermittent fever or disease. Dunglison.

In`ter*mit"tent*ly, adv. With intermissions; in an intermittent manner; intermittingly.

In`ter*mit"ting*ly (?), adv. With intermissions; at intervals. W. Montagu.

In`ter*mix" (?), v. t. To mix together; to intermingle.

In yonder spring of roses, intermixed
With myrtle, find what to redress till noon.
Milton.

In`ter*mix", v. i. To be mixed together; to be intermingled.

In`ter*mix"ed*ly (?), adv. In a mixed manner.

In`ter*mix"ture (?; 135), n. 1. A mass formed by mixture; a mass of ingredients mixed. Boyle.

2. Admixture; an additional ingredient.

In this height of impiety there wanted not an intermixture of levity and folly.
Bacon.

In`ter*mo*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capacity of things to move among each other; as, the intermobility of fluid particles.

In`ter*mo*dil"lion (?), n. (Arch.) The space between two modillions.

In`ter*mon"tane (?), a. [Pref. inter- + L. montanus belonging to a mountain, fr. mons, montis, mountain.] Between mountains; as, intermontane soil.

In`ter*mun"dane (?), a. Being, between worlds or orbs. [R.] "Intermundane spaces." Locke.

In`ter*mun"di*an (?), a. Intermundane. [Obs.]

In`ter*mu"ral (?), a. Lying between walls; inclosed by walls.

In`ter*mure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intermured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intermuring.] [Pref. inter- + L. murus wall.] To wall in; to inclose. [Obs.] Ford.

In`ter*mus"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between muscles; as, intermuscular septa.

In`ter*mu*ta"tion (?), n. Interchange; mutual or reciprocal change.

In`ter*mu"tu*al (?; 135), a. Mutual. [Obs.] Daniel. -- In`ter*mu"tu*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

In*tern" (?), a. [L. internus: cf. F. interne. See Internal.] Internal. [Obs.] Howell.

In*tern", v. t. [F. interne. See Intern, a.] To put for safe keeping in the interior of a place or country; to confine to one locality; as, to intern troops which have fled for refuge to a neutral country.

In*tern"al (?), a. [L. internus; akin to interior. See Interior.]

1. Inward; interior; being within any limit or surface; inclosed; -- opposed to external; as, the internal parts of a body, or of the earth.

2. Derived from, or dependent on, the thing itself; inherent; as, the internal evidence of the divine origin of the Scriptures.

3. Pertaining to its own affairs or interests; especially, (said of a country) domestic, as opposed to foreign; as, internal trade; internal troubles or war.

4. Pertaining to the inner being or the heart; spiritual.

With our Savior, internal purity is everything.
Paley.

5. Intrinsic; inherent; real. [R.]

The internal rectitude of our actions in the sight of God.
Rogers.

6. (Anat.) Lying toward the mesial plane; mesial.

Internal angle (Geom.), an interior angle. See under Interior. -- Internal gear (Mach.), a gear in which the teeth project inward from the rim instead of outward.

Syn. -- Inner; interior; inward; inland; inside.

In`ter*nal"i*ty (?), n. The state of being internal or within; interiority.

In*ter"nal*ly (?), adv. 1. Inwardly; within the enveloping surface, or the boundary of a thing; within the body; beneath the surface.

2. Hence: Mentally; spiritually. Jer. Taylor.

In`ter*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the nasal cavities; as, the internasal cartilage.

In`ter*na"tion*al (?), a. [Pref. inter- + national: cf. F. international.]

1. Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations.

2. Of or concerning the association called the International.

International code (Naut.), a common system of signaling adopted by nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between vessels at sea. -- International copyright. See under Copyright. -- International law, the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals in treaties. It is called public when treating of the relations of sovereign powers, and private when of the relations of persons of different nationalities. International law is now, by the better opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. Conflict of laws, under Conflict. Wharton.

In`ter*na"tion*al, n. [Cf. F. internationale.]

1. The International; an abbreviated from of the title of the International Workingmen's Association, the name of an association, formed in London in 1864, which has for object the promotion of the interests of the industrial classes of all nations.

2. A member of the International Association.

In`ter*na"tion*al*ism (?), n. 1. The state or principles of international interests and intercourse.

2. The doctrines or organization of the International.

In`ter*na"tion*al*ist, n. 1. One who is versed in the principles of international law.

2. A member of the International; one who believes in, or advocates the doctrines of, the International.

In`ter*na"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To make international; to cause to affect the mutual relations of two or more nations; as, to internationalize a principle of law, or a philanthropic enterprise.

In`ter*na"tion*al*ly, adv. In an international manner; from an international point of view.

In*terne" (?), n. [See Intern, a.] That which is within; the interior. [Poetic] Mrs. Browning.

{ In`ter*ne"cia*ry (?), In`ter*ne"ci*nal (?), } a. Internecine.

In`ter*ne"cine (?), a. [L. internecinus deadly, murderous, fr. internecare to kill, to slaughter; inter between + necare to kill; akin to Gr. &?; dead. See Necromancy.] Involving, or accompanied by, mutual slaughter; mutually destructive.

Internecine quarrels, horrible tumults, stain the streets with blood.
Motley.

In`ter*ne"cion (?), n. [L. internecio.] Mutual slaughter or destruction; massacre. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

In`ter*ne"cive (?), a. [L. internecivus.] Internecine. [R.] Sydney Smith.

In`ter*nec"tion (?), n. [L. internectere to bind together; inter between + nectere to fasten.] Intimate connection. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

In`ter*neu"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Between the neural arches or neural spines. -- n. An interneural spine or cartilage.

In*ter"ni*ty (?), n. State of being within; interiority. [R.] H. Brooke.

In*tern"ment (?), n. [F. internement. See Intern.] Confinement within narrow limits, -- as of foreign troops, to the interior of a country.

In`ter*no"dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to internodes; intervening between nodes or joints.

In"ter*node` (?), n. [L. internodium; inter between + nodus knot.]

1. (Bot.) The space between two nodes or points of the stem from which the leaves properly arise. H. Spenser.

2. (Anat.) A part between two joints; a segment; specifically, one of the phalanges.

In`ter*no"di*al (?), a. Internodal. [R.]

In`ter*nun"cial (?), a. [See Internuncio.]

1. Of or pertaining to an internuncio.

2. (Physiol.) Communicating or transmitting impressions between different parts of the body; -- said of the nervous system. Carpenter.

In`ter*nun"ciess (?), n. A female messenger. [R.]

In`ter*nun"ci*o (?), n.; pl. Internuncios (#). [L. internuntius; inter between + nuntius, nuncius, messenger: cf. It. internunzio. See Nuncio.]

1. A messenger between two parties. Johnson.

2. A representative, or chargé d'affaires, of the pope at a foreign court or seat of government, ranking next below a nuncio.

&fist; This title was formerly given also to the Austrian envoy at Constantinople.

In`ter*nun"ci*o*ship, n. The office or function of an internuncio. Richardson.

||In`ter*nun"ci*us (?), n. [L.] Internuncio.

In`ter*o`ce*an"ic (?), a. Between oceans; connecting oceans; as, interoceanic communication; an interoceanic canal.

In`ter*oc"u*lar (?), a. Between, or within, the eyes; as, the interocular distance; situated between the eyes, as the antennæ of some insects.

In`ter*o*per"cu*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to the interoperculum. -- n. The interopercular bone.

||In`ter*o*per"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. -la (-l&adot;). (Anat.) The postero-inferior opercular bone, in fishes.

In`ter*or"bit*al (?), a. (Anat.) Between the orbits; as, the interorbital septum.

In`ter*os"cu*lant (?), a. 1. Mutually touching or intersecting; as, interosculant circles.

2. (Biol.) Uniting two groups; -- said of certain genera which connect family groups, or of species that connect genera. See Osculant.

In`ter*os"cu*late (?), v. i. & t. 1. To kiss together to touch. See Osculate.

2. (Biol.) To have the character of, or to lie between, two distinct groups.

{ In`ter*os"se*al (?), In`ter*os"se*ous (?), } a. [Pref. inter- + osseous: cf. F. interosseux.] (Anat.) Situated between bones; as, an interosseous ligament.

In`ter*pale" (?), v. t. 1. To place pales between or among; to separate by pales.

2. To interweave or interlace. [R.] Brende.

In`ter*pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the parietal bones or cartilages; as, the interparietal suture. -- n. The interparietal bone or cartilage.

In`ter*pause` (?), n. An intermission. [R.]

In`ter*peal" (?), v. t. To interpel. [Obs.]

In`ter*pe*den"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between peduncles; esp., between the peduncles, or crura, of the cerebrum.

In`ter*pel" (?), v. t. [L. interpellare, interpellatum; inter between + pellare (in comp.), akin to pellere to drive: cf. F. interpeller. Cf. Interpellate.] To interrupt, break in upon, or intercede with. [Obs.]

I am interpelled by many businesses.
Howell.

In`ter*pel"lant (?), a. [L. interpellans, p. pr. See Interpel.] Interpelling; interrupting. -- n. One who, or that which, interpels.

In`ter*pel"late (?), v. t. [See Interpel.] To question imperatively, as a minister, or other executive officer, in explanation of his conduct; -- generally on the part of a legislative body.

In`ter*pel*la"tion (?), n. [L. interpellatio: cf. F. interpellation.]

1. The act of interpelling or interrupting; interruption. "Continual interpellations." Bp. Hall.

2. The act of interposing or interceding; intercession.

Accepted by his interpellation and intercession.
Jer. Taylor.

3. An act of interpellating, or of demanding of an officer an explanation of his action; imperative or peremptory questioning; a point raised in a debate.

4. A official summons or citation. Ayliffe.

In`ter*pen"e*trate (?), v. t. To penetrate between or within; to penetrate mutually.

It interpenetrates my granite mass.
Shelley.

In`ter*pen"e*trate, v. i. To penetrate each the other; to penetrate between bodies or their parts.

Interpenetrating molding (Arch.), in late Gothic architecture, a decoration by means of moldings which seem to pass through solid uprights, transoms, or other members; often, two sets of architectural members penetrating one another, in appearance, as if both had been plastic when they were put together.

In`ter*pen`e*tra"tion (?), n. The act of penetrating between or within other substances; mutual penetration. Milman.

In`ter*pen"e*tra*tive (?), a. Penetrating among or between other substances; penetrating each the other; mutually penetrative.

In`ter*pet"al*a*ry (?), a. [Pref. inter- + petal.] (Bot.) Between the petals of a flower.

In`ter*pet"i*o*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Being between petioles. Cf. Intrapetiolar.

In`ter*pha*lan"ge*al (?), a. (Anat.) Between phalanges; as, interphalangeal articulations.

In`ter*pi*las"ter (?), n. (Arch.) The interval or space between two pilasters. Elmes.

In`ter*place" (?), v. t. To place between or among; as, to interplace a name. [R.] Daniel.

In`ter*plan"et*a*ry (?), a. Between planets; as, interplanetary spaces. Boyle.

In`ter*play` (?), n. Mutual action or influence; interaction; as, the interplay of affection.

In`ter*plead" (?), v. i. (Law) To plead against each other, or go to trial between themselves, as the claimants in an in an interpleader. See Interpleader. [Written also enterplead.]

In`ter*plead"er (?), n. 1. One who interpleads.

2. (Law) A proceeding devised to enable a person, of whom the same debt, duty, or thing is claimed adversely by two or more parties, to compel them to litigate the right or title between themselves, and thereby to relieve himself from the suits which they might otherwise bring against him.

In`ter*pledge" (?), v. t. To pledge mutually. [R.]

In`ter*point" (?), v. t. To point; to mark with stops or pauses; to punctuate. [R.]

Her sighs should interpoint her words.
Daniel.

In*ter"po*la*ble (?), a. That may be interpolated; suitable to be interpolated.

A most interpolable clause of one sentence.
De Morgan.

In*ter"po*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interpolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interpolating.] [L. interpolatus, p. p. of interpolare to form anew, to interpolate, fr. interpolus, interpolis, falsified, vamped up, polished up; inter between + polire to polish. See Polish, v. t.]

1. To renew; to carry on with intermission. [Obs.]

Motion . . . partly continued and unintermitted, . . . partly interpolated and interrupted.
Sir M. Hale.

2. To alter or corrupt by the insertion of new or foreign matter; especially, to change, as a book or text, by the insertion of matter that is new, or foreign to the purpose of the author.

How strangely Ignatius is mangled and interpolated, you may see by the vast difference of all copies and editions.
Bp. Barlow.

The Athenians were put in possession of Salamis by another law, which was cited by Solon, or, as some think, interpolated by him for that purpose.
Pope.

3. (Math.) To fill up intermediate terms of, as of a series, according to the law of the series; to introduce, as a number or quantity, in a partial series, according to the law of that part of the series.

In*ter"po*la`ted (?), a. 1. Inserted in, or added to, the original; introduced; foisted in; changed by the insertion of new or spurious matter.

2. (Math.) (a) Provided with necessary interpolations; as, an interpolated table. (b) Introduced or determined by interpolation; as, interpolated quantities or numbers.

In*ter`po*la"tion (?), n. [L. interpolatio an alteration made here and there: cf. F. interpolation.] 1. The act of introducing or inserting anything, especially that which is spurious or foreign.

2. That which is introduced or inserted, especially something foreign or spurious.

Bentley wrote a letter . . . . upon the scriptural glosses in our present copies of Hesychius, which he considered interpolations from a later hand.
De Quincey.

3. (Math.) The method or operation of finding from a few given terms of a series, as of numbers or observations, other intermediate terms in conformity with the law of the series.

In*ter"po*la`tor (?), n. [L., a corrupter: of. F. interpolateur.] One who interpolates; esp., one who inserts foreign or spurious matter in genuine writings.

In`ter*pone" (?), v. t. [L. interponere; inter between + ponere to place. See Position.] To interpose; to insert or place between. [R.] Cudworth.

In`ter*po"nent (?), n. One who, or that which, interposes; an interloper, an opponent. [R.] Heywood.

In`ter*pos"al (?), n. [From Interpose.] The act of interposing; interposition; intervention.

In`ter*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interposing.] [F. interposer. See Inter-, and Pose, v. t.]

1. To place between; as, to interpose a screen between the eye and the light.

Mountains interposed
Make enemies of nations.
Cowper.

2. To thrust; to intrude; to put between, either for aid or for troubling.

What watchful cares do interpose themselves
Betwixt your eyes and night?
Shak.

The common Father of mankind seasonably interposed his hand, and rescues miserable man.
Woodward.

3. To introduce or inject between the parts of a conversation or argument. Milton.

In`ter*pose", v. i. 1. To be or come between.

Long hid by interposing hill or wood.
Cowper.

2. To step in between parties at variance; to mediate; as, the prince interposed and made peace. Pope.

3. To utter a sentiment by way of interruption. Boyle.

Syn. -- To intervene; intercede; mediate; interfere; intermeddle. -- To Interpose, Intermeddle, Interfere. A man may often interpose with propriety in the concerns of others; he can never intermeddle without being impertinent or officious; nor can be interfere without being liable to the same charge, unless he has rights which are interfered with. "In our practical use, interference is something offensive. It is the pushing in of himself between two parties on the part of a third who was not asked, and is not thanked for his pains, and who, as the feeling of the word implies, had no business there; while interposition is employed to express the friendly, peacemaking mediation of one whom the act well became, and who, even if he was not specially invited thereunto, is still thanked for what he has done." Trench.

In"ter*pose (?), n. Interposition. [Obs.]

In`ter*pos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, interposes or intervenes; an obstacle or interruption; a mediator or agent between parties. Shak.

In`ter*pos"it (?), n. [From L. interpositus, p. p. of interponere. See Interposition.] An intermediate depot or station between one commercial city or country and another. Mitford.

In`ter*po*si"tion (?; 277), n. [L. interpositio a putting between, insertion, fr. interponere, interpositum: cf. F. interposition. See Interpone, Position.]

1. The act of interposing, or the state of being interposed; a being, placing, or coming between; mediation.

2. The thing interposed.

In`ter*po"sure (?), n. Interposition. [Obs.]

In*ter"pret (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interpreted; p. pr. & vb. n. Interpreting.] [F. interprêter, L. interpretari, p. p. interpretatus, fr. interpres interpeter, agent, negotiator; inter between + (prob.) the root of pretium price. See Price.]

1. To explain or tell the meaning of; to expound; to translate orally into intelligible or familiar language or terms; to decipher; to define; -- applied esp. to language, but also to dreams, signs, conduct, mysteries, etc.; as, to interpret the Hebrew language to an Englishman; to interpret an Indian speech.

Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.
Matt. i. 23.

And Pharaoh told them his dreams; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh.
Gen. xli. 8.

2. To apprehend and represent by means of art; to show by illustrative representation; as, an actor interprets the character of Hamlet; a musician interprets a sonata; an artist interprets a landscape.

Syn. -- To translate; explain; solve; render; expound; elucidate; decipher; unfold; unravel.

In*ter"pret, v. i. To act as an interpreter. Shak.

In*ter"pret*a*ble (?), a. [L. interpretabilis: cf. F. interprêtable.] Admitting of interpretation; capable of being interpreted or explained.

In*ter"pre*ta*ment (?), n. [L. interpretamentum.] Interpretation. [Obs.] Milton.

In*ter`pre*ta"tion (&ibreve;n*t&etilde;r`pr&esl;*tā"shŭn), n. [L. interpretatio: cf. F. interprétation.]

1. The act of interpreting; explanation of what is obscure; translation; version; construction; as, the interpretation of a foreign language, of a dream, or of an enigma.

Look how we can, or sad or merrily,
Interpretation will misquote our looks.
Shak.

2. The sense given by an interpreter; exposition or explanation given; meaning; as, commentators give various interpretations of the same passage of Scripture.

3. The power or explaining. [R.] Bacon.

4. (Fine Arts) An artist's way of expressing his thought or embodying his conception of nature.

5. (Math.) The act or process of applying general principles or formulæ to the explanation of the results obtained in special cases.

Syn. -- Explanation; solution; translation; version; sense; exposition; rendering; definition.

In*ter"pre*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. interprétatif.]

1. Designed or fitted to interpret; explanatory. "Interpretative lexicography." Johnson.

2. According to interpretation; constructive.

An interpretative siding with heresies.
Hammond.

In*ter"pre*ta*tive*ly, adv. By interpretation. Ray.

In*ter"pret*er (?), n. [Cf. OF. entrepreteur, L. interpretator.] One who or that which interprets, explains, or expounds; a translator; especially, a person who translates orally between two parties.

We think most men's actions to be the interpreters of their thoughts.
Locke.

In*ter"pre*tive (?), a. Interpretative. [R.]

In`ter*pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Between the pubic bones or cartilages; as, the interpubic disk.

In`ter*punc"tion (?), n. [L. interpunctio, fr. interpungere, interppunctum, to interpoint. See Inter-, and Point.] The insertion of points between words or sentences; punctuation.

In`ter*ra"di*al (?), a. Between the radii, or rays; -- in zoölogy, said of certain parts of radiate animals; as, the interradial plates of a starfish.

In`ter*ra"mal (?), a. [Pref. inter- + L. ramus a branch.] (Anat.) Between rami or branches; esp., between the mandibles, or rami of the lower jaw; intermandibular.

In`ter*re*ceive" (?), v. t. To receive between or within.

In`ter*re"gen*cy (?), n. An interregnum. [Obs.] Blount.

In`ter*re"gent (?), n. A person who discharges the royal functions during an interregnum. Holland.

In`ter*reg"num (?), n.; pl. Interregnums (#). [L., fr. inter between + regnum dominion, reign. See Reign, and cf. Interreign.]

1. The time during which a throne is vacant between the death or abdication of a sovereign and the accession of his successor.

2. Any period during which, for any cause, the executive branch of a government is suspended or interrupted.

In"ter*reign` (?), n. [Cf. F. interrègne.] An interregnum. [Obs.] Bacon.

In`ter*re*lat"ed (?), a. Having a mutual or reciprocal relation or parallelism; correlative.

In`ter*re*la"tion (?), n. Mutual or reciprocal relation; correlation.

In`ter*re"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the kidneys; as, the interrenal body, an organ found in many fishes. -- n. The interrenal body.

In`ter*re*pel"lent (?), a. Mutually repellent. De Quincey.

In*ter"rer (?), n. One who inters.

In"ter*rex` (?), n.; pl. E. Interrexes (#), L. Interreges (#). [L., fr. inter between + rex king.] An interregent, or a regent.

In*ter"ro*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interrogating (?).] [L. interrogatus, p. p. of interrogare to ask; inter between + rogare to ask. See Rogation.] To question formally; to question; to examine by asking questions; as, to interrogate a witness.

Wilt thou, uncalled, interrogate,
Talker! the unreplying Fate?
Emerson.

Syn. -- To question; ask. See Question.

In*ter"ro*gate, v. i. To ask questions. Bacon.

In*ter"ro*gate (?), n. An interrogation; a question. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In*ter`ro*ga*tee" (?), n. One who is interrogated.

In*ter`ro*ga"tion (?), n. [L. interrogatio: cf. F. interrogation.]

1. The act of interrogating or questioning; examination by questions; inquiry.

2. A question put; an inquiry.

3. A point, mark, or sign, thus [?], indicating that the sentence with which it is connected is a question. It is used to express doubt, or to mark a query. Called also interrogation point.

&fist; In works printed in the Spanish language this mark is not only placed at the end of an interrogative sentence, but is also placed, inverted [as thus (&iques;)], at the beginning.

In`ter*rog"a*tive (&?;), a. [L. interrogativus: cf. F. interrogatif.] Denoting a question; expressed in the form of a question; as, an interrogative sentence; an interrogative pronoun.

In`ter*rog"a*tive, n. (Gram.) A word used in asking questions; as, who? which? why?

In`ter*rog"a*tive*ly, adv. In the form of, or by means of, a question; in an interrogative manner.

In*ter"ro*ga`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. interrogateur.] One who asks questions; a questioner.

In`ter*rog"a*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Interrogatories (#). [Cf. F. interrogatoire.] A formal question or inquiry; esp. (Law), a question asked in writing. Macaulay.

In`ter*rog"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. interrogatorius.] Containing, expressing, or implying a question; as, an interrogatory sentence.

In`ter*rupt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interrupted; p. pr. & vb. n. Interrupting.] [L. interruptus, p. p. of interrumpere to interrupt; inter between + rumpere to break. See Rupture.]

1. To break into, or between; to stop, or hinder by breaking in upon the course or progress of; to interfere with the current or motion of; to cause a temporary cessation of; as, to interrupt the remarks of anyone speaking.

Do not interrupt me in my course.
Shak.

2. To divide; to separate; to break the monotony of; as, the evenness of the road was not interrupted by a single hill.

In`ter*rupt", p. a. [L. interruptus, p. p.] Broken; interrupted. [Obs.] Milton.

In`ter*rupt"ed, a. 1. Broken; intermitted; suddenly stopped.

2. (Bot.) Irregular; -- said of any arrangement whose symmetry is destroyed by local causes, as when leaflets are interposed among the leaves in a pinnate leaf.

In`ter*rupt"ed*ly, adv. With breaks or interruptions; discontinuously.

Interruptedly pinnate (Bot.), pinnate with small leaflets intermixed with large ones. Gray.

In`ter*rupt"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, interrupts.

2. (Elec.) A device for opening and closing an electrical circuit; a vibrating spring or tuning fork, arranged to make and break a circuit at rapidly recurring intervals, by the action of the current itself.

In`ter*rup"tion (?), n. [L. interruptio: cf. F. interruption.]

1. The act of interrupting, or breaking in upon.

2. The state of being interrupted; a breach or break, caused by the abrupt intervention of something foreign; intervention; interposition. Sir M. Hale.

Lest the interruption of time cause you to lose the idea of one part.
Dryden.

3. Obstruction caused by breaking in upon course, current, progress, or motion; stop; hindrance; as, the author has met with many interruptions in the execution of his work; the speaker or the argument proceeds without interruption.

4. Temporary cessation; intermission; suspension.

In`ter*rupt"ive (?), a. Tending to interrupt; interrupting. "Interruptive forces." H. Bushnell. -- In`ter*rupt"ive*ly, adv.

In`ter*scap"u*lar (?), a. 1. (Anat.) Between the scapulæ or shoulder blades.

2. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the upper back, or the part between the shoulders; as, the interscapular feathers.

In`ter*scap"u*lars (?), n. pl. (Zoöl.) The interscapular feathers of a bird.

In`ter*scend"ent (?), a. [See Inter- , and Ascend.] (Math.) Having exponents which are radical quantities; -- said of certain powers; as, x√2, or x√a.

Interscendent series, a series whose terms are interscendent quantities. Hutton.

In`ter*scind" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interscinded; p. pr. & vb. n. Interscinding.] [L. interscindere; inter between + scindere to cut.] To cut off. [R.]

In`ter*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interscribing.] [L. interscribere; inter between + scribere to write.] To write between. [R.]

In`ter*se"cant (?), a. [L. intersecans, p. pr. of intersecare. See Intersect.] Dividing into parts; crossing; intersecting.

In`ter*sect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intersected; p. pr. & vb. n. Intersecting.] [L. intersectus, p. p. of intersecare to intersect; inter + secare to cut. See Section.] To cut into or between; to cut or cross mutually; to divide into parts; as, any two diameters of a circle intersect each other at the center.

Lands intersected by a narrow frith
Abhor each other.
Cowper.

In`ter*sect" (?), v. i. To cut into one another; to meet and cross each other; as, the point where two lines intersect.

In`ter*sec"tion (?), n. [L. intersectio: cf. F. intersection.]

1. The act, state, or place of intersecting.

2. (Geom.) The point or line in which one line or surface cuts another.

In`ter*sec"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or formed by, intersections.

In`ter*sem"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. interseminatus, p. p. of interseminare. See Inter- , and Seminate.] To sow between or among. [R.]

In`ter*sep"tal (?), a. (Biol.) Between septa; as, the interseptal spaces or zones, between the transparent, or septal, zones in striated muscle; the interseptal chambers of a shell, or of a seed vessel.

In`ter*sert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Interserting.] [L. intersertus, p. p. of interserere to intersert; inter between + serere to join, weave.] To put in between other things; to insert. [Obs.] Brerewood.

In`ter*sert"tion (?), n. The act of interserting, or that which is interserted. [Obs.] Hammond.

In`ter*ses"a*moid (?), a. (Anat.) Between sesamoid bones; as, intersesamoid ligaments.

In`ter*set" (?), v. t. To set between or among. [R.]

In`ter*shock (?), v. t. To shock mutually. [R.]

In`ter*si*de"re*al (?), a. Between or among constellations or stars; interstellar.

In`ter*so"cial (?), a. Pertaining to the mutual intercourse or relations of persons in society; social.

In`ter*som"ni*ous (?), a. [Pref. inter- + L. somnus sleep.] Between the times of sleeping; in an interval of wakefulness. [R.]

In"ter*space` (?), n. [L. interspatium. See Inter-, and Space.] Intervening space. Bp. Hacket.

In"ter*speech` (?), n. A speech interposed between others. [R.] Blount.

In`ter*sperse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interspersed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interspersing.] [L. interspersus interspersed; inter between, among + spargere to scatter. See Sparse.]

1. To scatter or set here and there among other things; to insert at intervals; as, to intersperse pictures in a book.

There, interspersed in lawns and op'ning glades,
Thin trees arise that shun each other's shades.
Pope.

2. To diversify or adorn with things set or scattered at intervals; to place something at intervals in or among; as, to intersperse a book with pictures.

Which space is interspersed with small islands and rock.
Cook.

In`ter*sper"sion (?), n. The act of interspersing, or the state of being interspersed.

{ In`ter*spi"nal (?), In`ter*spi"nous (?), } a. (Anat.) Between spines; esp., between the spinous processes of the vertebral column.

In`ter*spi*ra"tion (?), n. [L. interspiratio. See Inter-, and Spirit.] Spiritual inspiration at separate times, or at intervals. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

In`ter*sta*pe"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, between the stapes and the mediostapedial. -- n. The interstapedial part of the columella.

In"ter*state` (?), a. Pertaining to the mutual relations of States; existing between, or including, different States; as, interstate commerce. Story.

In`ter*stel"lar (?), a. Between or among the stars; as, interstellar space. Bacon.

In`ter*stel"la*ry (?), a. Interstellar.

In`ter*ster"nal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Between the sternal; -- said of certain membranes or parts of insects and crustaceans.

In*ter"stice (?; 277), n.; pl. Interstices (#). [L. interstitium a pause, interval; inter between + sistere to set, fr. stare to stand: cf. F. interstice. See Stand.]

1. That which intervenes between one thing and another; especially, a space between things closely set, or between the parts which compose a body; a narrow chink; a crack; a crevice; a hole; an interval; as, the interstices of a wall.

2. An interval of time; specifically (R. C. Ch.), in the plural, the intervals which the canon law requires between the reception of the various degrees of orders.

Nonobservance of the interstices . . . is a sin.
Addis & Arnold.

In*ter"sticed (?), a. Provided with interstices; having interstices between; situated at intervals.

In`ter*stinc"tive (?), a. [L. interstinctus, p. p. of interstinguere to separate; inter + stinguere to extinguish.] Distinguishing. [Obs.] Wallis.

In`ter*sti"tial (?), a. Of or pertaining to interstices; intermediate; within the tissues; as, interstitial cavities or spaces in the tissues of animals or plants.

In`ter*sti"tion (?), n. An intervening period of time; interval. [Obs.] Gower.

In`ter*strat`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. (Geol.) Stratification among or between other layers or strata; also, that which is interstratified.

In`ter*strat"i*fied (?), a. (Geol.) Stratified among or between other bodies; as, interstratified rocks.

In`ter*strat"i*fy (?), v. t. (Geol.) To put or insert between other strata.

In`ter*talk" (?), v. i. To converse. [Obs.] Carew.

In`ter*tan"gle (?), v. t. To entangle; to intertwine. "Moss and intertangled vines." Longfellow.

In`ter*tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the tarsal bones; as, the intertarsal articulations.

In`ter*tex" (?), v. t. [L. intertexere; inter between + texere to weave.] To intertwine; to weave or bind together. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

In`ter*tex"ture (?; 135), n. The act of interweaving, or the state of being interwoven; that which is interwoven. "Knit in nice intertexture." Coleridge.

Skirted thick with intertexture firm
Of thorny boughs.
Cowper.

In`ter*tho*rac"ic (?), a. In the thorax.

In"ter*tie` (?), n. (Arch.) In any framed work, a horizontal tie other than sill and plate or other principal ties, securing uprights to one another.

In`ter*tis"sued (?), a. Interwoven. [R.] Shak.

In`ter*traf"fic (?), n. Mutual trade of traffic.

In`ter*tran*spic"u*ous (?), a. Transpicuous within or between. [R.] Shelley.

In`ter*trans*verse" (?), a. Between the transverse processes of the vertebræ.

||In`ter*tri"go (?), n. [L., fr. inter between + terere, tritum, to rub.] (Med.) A rubbing or chafing of the skin; especially, an abrasion or excoriation of the skin between folds, as in fat or neglected children.

In`ter*tro`chan*ter"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Between the trochanters of the femur.

In`ter*trop"ic*al (?), a. Situated between or within the tropics. J. Morse.

In`ter*tu"bu*lar (?), a. Between tubes or tubules; as, intertubular cells; intertubular substance.

In`ter*twine" (?), v. t. To unite by twining one with another; to entangle; to interlace. Milton.

In`ter*twine", v. i. To be twined or twisted together; to become mutually involved or enfolded.

In`ter*twine" (?), n. The act of intertwining, or the state of being intertwined. Coleridge.

In`ter*twin"ing*ly (?), adv. By intertwining or being intertwined.

In`ter*twist" (?), v. t. To twist together one with another; to intertwine.

In`ter*twist"ing*ly, adv. By intertwisting, or being intertwisted.

{ In`ter*un"gu*lar (?), In`ter*un"gu*late (?), } a. (Anat.) Between ungulæ; as, interungular glands.

In"ter*val (?), n. [L. intervallum; inter between + vallum a wall: cf. F. intervalle. See Wall.]

1. A space between things; a void space intervening between any two objects; as, an interval between two houses or hills.

'Twixt host and host but narrow space was left,
A dreadful interval.
Milton.

2. Space of time between any two points or events; as, the interval between the death of Charles I. of England, and the accession of Charles II.

3. A brief space of time between the recurrence of similar conditions or states; as, the interval between paroxysms of pain; intervals of sanity or delirium.

4. (Mus.) Difference in pitch between any two tones.

At intervals, coming or happening with intervals between; now and then. "And Miriam watch'd and dozed at intervals." Tennyson. -- Augmented interval (Mus.), an interval increased by half a step or half a tone.

{ In"ter*val (?), In"ter*vale (?), } n. A tract of low ground between hills, or along the banks of a stream, usually alluvial land, enriched by the overflowings of the river, or by fertilizing deposits of earth from the adjacent hills. Cf. Bottom, n., 7. [Local, U. S.]

The woody intervale just beyond the marshy land.
The Century.

||In`ter*val"lum (?), n.; pl. Intervallums (#), L. Intervalla (#). [L.] An interval. [R.]

And a' shall laugh without intervallums.
Shak.

In one of these intervalla.
Chillingworth.

In`ter*va"ry (?), v. i. To alter or vary between; to change. [Obs.] Rush.

In`ter*veined" (?), a. Intersected, as with veins.

In`ter*vene" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intervened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intervening.] [L. intervenire, interventum, to intervene, to hinder; inter between + venire to come; akin to E. come: cf. F. intervenir. See Come.]

1. To come between, or to be between, persons or things; -- followed by between; as, the Mediterranean intervenes between Europe and Africa.

2. To occur, fall, or come between, points of time, or events; as, an instant intervened between the flash and the report; nothing intervened ( i. e., between the intention and the execution) to prevent the undertaking.

3. To interpose; as, to intervene to settle a quarrel.

4. In a suit to which one has not been made a party, to put forward a defense of one's interest in the subject matter. Abbott.

In`ter*vene", v. t. To come between. [R.]

Self-sown woodlands of birch, alder, etc., intervening the different estates.
De Quincey.

In`ter*vene" (?), n. A coming between; intervention; meeting. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

In`ter*ven"er (?), n. One who intervenes; especially (Law), a person who assumes a part in a suit between others.

{ In`ter*ven"ience (?), In`ter*ven"ien*cy (?), } n. Intervention; interposition. [R.]

In`ter*ven"ient (?), a. [L. interveniens, p. pr. of intervenire.] Being or coming between; intercedent; interposed. [Obs.] Bacon.

In`ter*vent" (?), v. t. [See Intervene.] To thwart; to obstruct. [Obs.] Chapman.

In`ter*ven"tion (?), n. [L. interventio an interposition: cf. F. intervention.]

1. The act of intervening; interposition.

Sound is shut out by the intervention of that lax membrane.
Holder.

2. Any interference that may affect the interests of others; especially, of one or more states with the affairs of another; mediation.

Let us decide our quarrels at home, without the intervention, of any foreign power.
Sir W. Temple.

3. (Civil Law) The act by which a third person, to protect his own interest, interposes and becomes a party to a suit pending between other parties.

In`ter*ven"tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. interventeur.] One who intervenes; a mediator; especially (Eccles. Hist.), a person designated by a church to reconcile parties, and unite them in the choice of officers. Coleman.

In`ter*ven*tric"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between the ventricles; as, the interventricular partition of the heart.

In`ter*ven"ue (?), n. [See Intervene, Avenue.] Interposition. [Obs.] Sir H. Blount.

In`ter*vert" (?), v. t. [L. intervertere; inter between + vertere to turn.] To turn to another course or use. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

In`ter*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Between vertebræ. -- In`ter*ver"te*bral*ly, adv.

In"ter*view (?), n. [F. entrevue, fr. entrevoir to see imperfectly, to have a glimpse of, s'entrevoir to visit each other. See Inter- , and View.]

1. A mutual sight or view; a meeting face to face; usually, a formal or official meeting for consultation; a conference; as, the secretary had an interview with the President.

2. A conversation, or questioning, for the purpose of eliciting information for publication; the published statement so elicited.

&fist; A recent use, originating in American newspapers, but apparently becoming general.

In"ter*view, v. t. To have an interview with; to question or converse with, especially for the purpose of obtaining information for publication. [Recent]

In"ter*view`er (?), n. One who interviews; especially, one who obtains an interview with another for the purpose of eliciting his opinions or obtaining information for publication.

It would have made him the prince of interviewers in these days.
Leslie Stephen.

In"ter*view`ing, n. The act or custom of holding an interview or interviews.

An article on interviewing in the "Nation" of January 28, 1869, . . . was the first formal notice of the practice under that name.
The American.

In`ter*vis"i*ble (?), a. (Surv.) Mutually visible, or in sight, the one from the other, as stations.

In`ter*vis"it (?), v. i. To exchange visits. [R.] Evelyn.

In`ter*vi"tal (?), a. Between two lives. [R.]

Through all its [the spirit's] intervital gloom.
Tennyson.

In`ter*vo*lu"tion (?), n. The state of being intervolved or coiled up; a convolution; as, the intervolutions of a snake. Hawthorne.

In`ter*volve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intervolved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intervolving.] [Pref. inter- + L. volvere, volutum, to roll.] To involve one within another; to twist or coil together. Milton.

In`ter*weave" (?), v. t. [imp. & obs. p. p. Interwove (?); p. p. Interwoven (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interweaving.]

1. To weave together; to intermix or unite in texture or construction; to intertwine; as, threads of silk and cotton interwoven.

Under the hospitable covert nigh
Of trees thick interwoven.
Milton.

2. To intermingle; to unite intimately; to connect closely; as, to interweave truth with falsehood. Dryden.

Words interwove with sighs found out their way.
Milton.

In`ter*wish" (?), v. t. To wish mutually in regarded to each other. [Obs.] Donne.

In`ter*work"ing (?), n. The act of working in together; interweaving. Milton.

In`ter*world" (?), n. A world between other worlds. Holland.

{ In`ter*wove" (?), In`ter*wov"en (?), } imp. & p. p. of Interweave.

In`ter*wreathe" (?), v. t. To weave into a wreath; to intertwine. [R.] Lovelace.

In*tes"ta*ble (?), a. [L. intestabilis: cf. F. intestable. See In- not, and Testable.] (Law) Not capable of making a will; not legally qualified or competent to make a testament. Blackstone.

In*tes"ta*cy (?), n. [From Intestate.] The state of being intestate, or of dying without having made a valid will. Blackstone.

In*tes"tate (?), a. [L. intestatus; pref. in- not + testatus, p. p. of testari to make a will: cf. F. intestat. See Testament.]

1. Without having made a valid will; without a will; as, to die intestate. Blackstone.

Airy succeeders of intestate joys.
Shak.

2. Not devised or bequeathed; not disposed of by will; as, an intestate estate.

In*tes"tate, n. (Law) A person who dies without making a valid will. Blackstone.

In*tes"ti*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. intestinal.] Of or pertaining to the intestines of an animal; as, the intestinal tube; intestinal digestion; intestinal ferments.

Intestinal canal. Same as Intestine, n. -- Intestinal worm (Zoöl.), any species of helminth living in the intestinal canal of any animal. The species are numerous.

In*tes"tine (?), a. [L. intestinus, fr. intus on the inside, within, fr. in in: cf. F. intestine. See In.]

1. Internal; inward; -- opposed to external.

Epilepsies, fierce catarrhs,
Intestine stone and ulcers.
Milton.

2. Internal with regard to a state or country; domestic; not foreign; -- applied usually to that which is evil; as, intestine disorders, calamities, etc.

Hoping here to end
Intestine war in heaven, the arch foe subdued.
Milton.

An intestine struggle . . . between authority and liberty.
Hume.

3. Depending upon the internal constitution of a body or entity; subjective.

Everything labors under an intestine necessity.
Cudworth.

4. Shut up; inclosed. [R.] Cowper.

In*tes"tine, n.; pl. Intestines (#). [L. intestinum: cf. F. intestin. See Intestine, a.]

1. (Anat.) That part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.

2. pl. The bowels; entrails; viscera.

Large intestine (Human Anat. & Med.), the lower portion of the bowel, terminating at the anus. It is adapted for the retention of fecal matter, being shorter, broader, and less convoluted than the small intestine; it consists of three parts, the cæcum, colon, and rectum. -- Small intestine (Human Anat. & Med.), the upper portion of the bowel, in which the process of digestion is practically completed. It is narrow and contorted, and consists of three parts, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

In"text (?), n. The text of a book. [R.] Herrick.

In*tex"tine (?), n. [Infine + extine.] (Bot.) A thin membrane existing in the pollen grains of some plants, and situated between the extine and the intine, as in Œnothera.

In*tex"tured (?; 135), a. Inwrought; woven in.

In*thirst" (?), v. t. To make thirsty. [Obs.]

In*thrall" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inthralled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inthralling.] [Cf. Enthrall.] [Written also inthral, enthral, and enthrall.] To reduce to bondage or servitude; to make a thrall, slave, vassal, or captive of; to enslave.

She soothes, but never can inthrall my mind.
Prior.

In*thrall"ment (?), n. [Written also inthralment, enthrallment.] Act of inthralling, or state of being inthralled; servitude; bondage; vassalage.

In*throne" (?), v. t. Same as Enthrone.

In*throng" (?; 115), v. i. To throng or collect together. [R.] Fairfax.

In*thron`i*za"tion (?), n. [LL. inthronizatio.] Enthronement. Bp. Warburton.

In*thron"ize (?), v. t. [LL. inthronisare, Gr. &?;. See Enthrone.] To enthrone.

In*tice" (?), v. t. See Entice.

In"ti*ma*cy (?), n.; pl. Intimacies (#). [From Intimate.] The state of being intimate; close familiarity or association; nearness in friendship.

Syn. -- Acquaintance; familiarity; fellowship; friendship. See Acquaintance.

In"ti*mate (?), a. [Formerly intime, L. intimus, a superl. corresponding to the compar. interior: cf. F. intime. The form intimate is due to confusion with intimate, v. t. See Interior.]

1. Innermost; inward; internal; deep-seated; hearty. "I knew from intimate impulse." Milton.

2. Near; close; direct; thorough; complete.

He was honored with an intimate and immediate admission.
South.

3. Close in friendship or acquaintance; familiar; confidential; as, an intimate friend.

Syn. -- Familiar; near; friendly; confidential.

In"ti*mate, n. An intimate friend or associate; a confidant. Gov. of the Tongue.

In"ti*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intimating.] [L. intimatus, p. p. of intimare to put, bring, drive, or press into, to announce, make known, from intimus the inmost. See Intimate, a.]

1. To announce; to declare; to publish; to communicate; to make known. [Obs.]

He, incontinent, did proclaim and intimate open war.
E. Hall.

So both conspiring 'gan to intimate
Each other's grief.
Spenser.

2. To suggest obscurely or indirectly; to refer to remotely; to give slight notice of; to hint; as, he intimated his intention of resigning his office.

The names of simple ideas and substances, with the abstract ideas in the mind, intimate some real existence, from which was derived their original pattern.
Locke.

In"ti*mate*ly (?), adv. In an intimate manner.

In`ti*ma"tion (?), n. [L. intimatio: cf. F. intimation.]

1. The act of intimating; also, the thing intimated.

2. Announcement; declaration. Macaulay.

They made an edict with an intimation that whosoever killed a stork, should be banished.
Holland.

3. A hint; an obscure or indirect suggestion or notice; a remote or ambiguous reference; as, he had given only intimations of his design.

Without mentioning the king of England, or giving the least intimation that he was sent by him.
Bp. Burnet.

In"time (?), a. [See Intimate, a.] Inward; internal; intimate. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

In*tim"i*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intimidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intimidating (?).] [LL. intimidatus, p. p. of intimidare to frighten; pref. in- in + timidus fearful, timid: cf. F. intimider. See Timid.] To make timid or fearful; to inspire of affect with fear; to deter, as by threats; to dishearten; to abash.

Now guilt, once harbored in the conscious breast,
Intimidates the brave, degrades the great.
Johnson.

Syn. -- To dishearten; dispirit; abash; deter; frighten; terrify; daunt; cow.

In*tim`i*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. intimidation.] The act of making timid or fearful or of deterring by threats; the state of being intimidated; as, the voters were kept from the polls by intimidation.

The king carried his measures in Parliament by intimidation.
Paley.

In*tim"i*da*to*ry (?), a. Tending or serving to intimidate.

In*tinc"tion (?), n. [L. intinctio, fr. intingere to dip in; pref. in- in + tingere to tinge.]

1. The act of tingeing or dyeing. Blount.

2. (Eccl.) A method or practice of the administration of the sacrament by dipping the bread or wafer in the wine and administering both together.

In`tinc*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + L. tinctus, p. p. of tingere to tinge] The want of the quality of coloring or tingeing other bodies. Kirwan.

In"tine (?), n. [L. intus within. Cf. Extine.] (Bot.) A transparent, extensible membrane of extreme tenuity, which forms the innermost coating of grains of pollen.

In*tire" (?), a., In*tire"ly, adv. See Entire, a., Entirely, adv.

In*ti"tle (?), v. t. See Entitle.

In*tit"ule (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intituled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intituling.] [Cf. F. intituler. See Entitle.] To entitle; to give a title to. Selden.

In"to (?), prep. [In + to.] To the inside of; within. It is used in a variety of applications.

1. Expressing entrance, or a passing from the outside of a thing to its interior parts; -- following verbs expressing motion; as, come into the house; go into the church; one stream falls or runs into another; water enters into the fine vessels of plants.

2. Expressing penetration beyond the outside or surface, or access to the inside, or contents; as, to look into a letter or book; to look into an apartment.

3. Indicating insertion; as, to infuse more spirit or animation into a composition.

4. Denoting inclusion; as, put these ideas into other words.

5. Indicating the passing of a thing from one form, condition, or state to another; as, compound substances may be resolved into others which are more simple; ice is convertible into water, and water into vapor; men are more easily drawn than forced into compliance; we may reduce many distinct substances into one mass; men are led by evidence into belief of truth, and are often enticed into the commission of crimes; she burst into tears; children are sometimes frightened into fits; all persons are liable to be seduced into error and folly.

Compare In.

In*tol`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being intolerable; intolerableness. [R.]

In*tol"er*a*ble (?), a. [F. intolérable, L. intolerabilis. See In- not, and Tolerable.]

1. Not tolerable; not capable of being borne or endured; not proper or right to be allowed; insufferable; insupportable; unbearable; as, intolerable pain; intolerable heat or cold; an intolerable burden.

His insolence is more intolerable
Than all the princes in the land beside.
Shak.

4. Enormous.

This intolerable deal of sack.
Shak.

-- In*tol"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*tol"er*a*bly, adv.

In*tol"er*ance (&ibreve;n*t&obreve;l"&etilde;r*ans), n. [L. intolerantia impatience, unendurableness: cf. F. intolérance.]

1. Want of capacity to endure; as, intolerance of light.

2. The quality of being intolerant; refusal to allow to others the enjoyment of their opinions, chosen modes of worship, and the like; want of patience and forbearance; illiberality; bigotry; as, intolerance shown toward a religious sect.

These few restrictions, I hope, are no great stretches of intolerance, no very violent exertions of despotism.
Burke.

In*tol"er*an*cy (?), n. Intolerance. Bailey.

In*tol"er*ant (?), a. [L. intolerans, -antis: cf. F. intolérant. See In- not, and Tolerant.]

1. Not enduring; not able to endure.

The powers of human bodies being limited and intolerant of excesses.
Arbuthnot.

2. Not tolerating difference of opinion or sentiment, especially in religious matters; refusing to allow others the enjoyment of their opinions, rights, or worship; unjustly impatient of the opinion of those disagree with us; not tolerant; unforbearing; bigoted.

Religion, harsh, intolerant, austere,
Parent of manners like herself severe.
Cowper.

In*tol"er*ant, n. An intolerant person; a bigot.

In*tol"er*ant*ly, adv. In an intolerant manner.

In*tol"er*a`ted (?), a. Not tolerated.

In*tol"er*a`ting (?), a. Intolerant. [R.]

In*tol`er*a"tion (?), n. Intolerance; want of toleration; refusal to tolerate a difference of opinion.

In*tomb" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intombed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intombing.] To place in a tomb; to bury; to entomb. See Entomb.

In*tomb"ment (?), n. See Entombment.

In"to*nate (?), v. i. [L. intonatus, p. p. of intonare to thunder, resound.] To thunder. [Obs.] Bailey.

In"to*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intonated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intonating (?).] [See Intone.]

1. (Mus.) To sound the tones of the musical scale; to practice the sol-fa.

2. To modulate the voice in a musical, sonorous, and measured manner, as in reading the liturgy; to intone.

In"to*nate, v. t. To utter in a musical or sonorous manner; to chant; as, to intonate the liturgy.

In`to*na"tion (?), n. [See 1st Intonate.] A thundering; thunder. [Obs.] Bailey.

In`to*na"tion, n. [Cf. F. intonation. See Intone.] (Mus.) (a) The act of sounding the tones of the musical scale. (b) Singing or playing in good tune or otherwise; as, her intonation was false. (c) Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating, or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice, as of a priest. See Intone, v. t.

In*tone" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intoning.] [LL. intonare, intonatum; pref. in- in + L. tonus tone. See Tone and cf. Entune, Intonate.] To utter with a musical or prolonged note or tone; to chant; as, to intone the church service.

In*tone", v. i. To utter a prolonged tone or a deep, protracted sound; to speak or recite in a measured, sonorous manner; to intonate. Pope.

In*tor"sion (?), n. [L. intortio a curling, crisping: cf. F. intorsion. See Intort, and cf. Intortion.]

1. A winding, bending, or twisting.

2. (Bot.) The bending or twining of any part of a plant toward one side or the other, or in any direction from the vertical.

In*tort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Intorting.] [L. intortus, p. p. of intoquere to twist; pref. in- in + torquere to twist.] To twist in and out; to twine; to wreathe; to wind; to wring. Pope.

In*tor"tion (?), n. See Intorsion.

In*tox"i*cant (?), n. That which intoxicates; an intoxicating agent; as, alcohol, opium, and laughing gas are intoxicants.

In*tox"i*cate (?), a. [LL. intoxicatus, p. p. of intoxicare to drug or poison; pref. in- in + L. toxicum a poison in which arrows were dipped, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; pertaining to a bow. See Toxic.]

1. Intoxicated.

2. Overexcited, as with joy or grief.

Alas, good mother, be not intoxicate for me;
I am well enough.
Chapman.

In*tox"i*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intoxicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intoxicating.]

1. To poison; to drug. South.

2. To make drunk; to inebriate; to excite or to stupefy by strong drink or by a narcotic substance.

With new wine inoxicated both.
Milton.

3. To excite to a transport of enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness; to elate unduly or excessively.

Intoxicated with the sound of those very bells.
G. Eliot.

They are not intoxicated by military success.
Jowett (Thuc. ).

In*tox"i*ca`ted*ness (?), n. The state of being intoxicated; intoxication; drunkenness. [R.]

In*tox"i*ca`ting (?), a. Producing intoxication; fitted to intoxicate; as, intoxicating liquors.

In*tox`i*ca"tion (?), n. 1. (Med.) A poisoning, as by a spirituous or a narcotic substance.

2. The state of being intoxicated or drunk; inebriation; ebriety; drunkenness; the act of intoxicating or making drunk.

2. A high excitement of mind; an elation which rises to enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness.

That secret intoxication of pleasure.
Spectator.

Syn. -- Drunkenness; inebriation; inebriety; ebriety; infatuation; delirium. See Drunkenness.

||In"tra- (?). [L. intra, prep., within, on the inside; akin to inter. See Inter-.] A prefix signifying in, within, interior; as, intraocular, within the eyeball; intramarginal.

In`tra*ax"il*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Situated below the point where a leaf joins the stem.

In`tra*cel"lu*lar (?), a. (Biol.) Within a cell; as, the intracellular movements seen in the pigment cells, the salivary cells, and in the protoplasm of some vegetable cells.

In`tra*col"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Within the colon; as, the intracolic valve.

In`tra*cra"ni*al (?), a. Within the cranium or skull. Sir W. Hamilton.

In*tract`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being intractable; intractableness. Bp. Hurd.

In*tract"a*ble (?), a. [L. intractabilis: cf. F. intraitable, formerly also intractable. See In- not, and Tractable.] Not tractable; not easily governed, managed, or directed; indisposed to be taught, disciplined, or tamed; violent; stubborn; obstinate; refractory; as, an intractable child.

Syn. -- Stubborn; perverse; obstinate; refractory; cross; unmanageable; unruly; headstrong; violent; ungovernable; unteachable.

-- In*tract"a*ble*ness, n. -- In*tract"a*bly, adv.

In*tract"ile (?), a. Not tractile; incapable of being drawn out or extended. Bacon.

In*tra"dos (?), n. [F., fr. L. intra within + F. dos the back, L. dorsum. Cf. Extrados.] (Arch.) The interior curve of an arch; esp., the inner or lower curved face of the whole body of voussoirs taken together. See Extrados.

In`tra*fo`li*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Growing immediately above, or in front of, a leaf; as, intrafoliaceous stipules.

In`tra*fu"sion (?), n. [Pref. intra- + L. fundere, fusum, to pour.] The act of pouring into a vessel; specif. (Med.), the operation of introducing a substance into a blood vessel; as, intrafusion of blood.

In`tra*lob"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Within lobules; as, the intralobular branches of the hepatic veins.

In`tra*mar"gin*al (?), a. Situated within the margin. Loudon.

In`tra*mer*cu"ri*al (?), a. (Astron.) Between the planet Mercury and the sun; -- as, the hypothetical Vulcan is intramercurial.

In`tra*mo*lec"u*lar (?), a. (Chem. & Physics) Between molecules; situated, or acting, between the molecules of bodies.

In`tra*mun"dane (?), a. Being within the material world; -- opposed to extramundane.

In`tra*mu"ral (?), a. 1. Being within the walls, as of a city.

2. (Anat. & Med.) Being within the substance of the walls of an organ; as, intramural pregnancy.

In`tran*quil"li*ty (?), n. Unquietness; restlessness. Sir W. Temple.

In`trans*ca"lent (?), a. Impervious to heat; adiathermic.

In`trans*gress"i*ble (?), a. [L. intragressibilis that can not be crossed. See In- not, and Transgress.] Incapable of being transgressed; not to be passed over or crossed. Holland.

In*tran"sient (?), a. Not transient; remaining; permanent. Killingbeck.

In*trans"i*gent (?), a. [F. intransigeant (cf. Sp. intransigente); pref. in- not + L. transigere to come to an agreement; trans across + agere to lead, act.] Refusing compromise; uncompromising; irreconcilable. Lond. Sat. Rev.

||In`trans"i*gen*tes (?), n. pl. [Sp.] (Spanish Politics) The extreme radicals; the party of the irreconcilables.

In*tran"si*tive (?), a. [L. intransitivus: cf. F. intransitif. See In- not, and Transitive.] 1. Not passing farther; kept; detained. [R.]

And then it is for the image's sake and so far is intransitive; but whatever is paid more to the image is transitive and passes further.
Jer. Taylor.

2. (Gram.) Not transitive; not passing over to an object; expressing an action or state that is limited to the agent or subject, or, in other words, an action which does not require an object to complete the sense; as, an intransitive verb, e. g., the bird flies; the dog runs.

&fist; Intransitive verbs have no passive form. Some verbs which appear at first sight to be intransitive are in reality, or were originally, transitive verbs with a reflexive or other object omitted; as, he keeps (i. e., himself) aloof from danger. Intransitive verbs may take a noun of kindred signification for a cognate object; as, he died the death of a hero; he dreamed a dream. Some intransitive verbs, by the addition of a preposition, become transitive, and so admit of a passive voice; as, the man laughed at; he was laughed at by the man.

In*tran"si*tive*ly, adv. (Gram.) Without an object following; in the manner of an intransitive verb.

||In` tran"si*tu (?). [L.] (Law) In transit; during passage; as, goods in transitu.

In`trans*mis"si*ble (?), a. Not capable of being transmitted.

In`trans*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being intransmutable.

In`trans*mut"a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being transmuted or changed into another substance.

In"trant (?), a. [L. intrans, p. pr. of intrare to enter. See Enter.] Entering; penetrating.

In"trant, n. One who enters; especially, a person entering upon some office or station. Hume.

In`tra*nu"cle*ar (?), a. (Biol.) Within the nucleus of a cell; as. the intranuclear network of fibrils, seen in the first stages of karyokinesis.

In*trap" (?), v. t. See Entrap. Spenser.

In"tra*pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. Situated or occurring within an inclosure; shut off from public sight; private; secluded; retired.

I have no Turkish proclivities, and I do not think that, after all, impaling is preferable as a mode of capital punishment to intraparietal hanging.
Rolleston.

In`tra*pet"i*o*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Situated between the petiole and the stem; -- said of the pair of stipules at the base of a petiole when united by those margins next the petiole, thus seeming to form a single stipule between the petiole and the stem or branch; -- often confounded with interpetiolar, from which it differs essentially in meaning.

In`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al (?), a. Within the territory or a territory.

In`tra*tho*rac"ic (?), a. Within the thora&?; or chest.

In`tra*trop"ic*al (?), a. Within the tropics.

In`tra*u"ter*ine (?), a. Within the uterus or womb; as, intrauterine hemorrhage.

In`tra*valv"u*lar (?), a. Between valves.

In`tra*ve"nous (?), a. Within the veins.

In`tra*ven*tric"u*lar (?), a. Within or between ventricles.

In*treas"ure (?; 135), v. t. To lay up, as in a treasury; to hoard. [Obs.] Shak.

In*treat" (?), v. t. See Entreat. Spenser.

In*treat"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + treatable.] Not to be entreated; inexorable.

In*treat"ance (?), n. Entreaty. [Obs.] Holland.

In*treat"ful (?), a. Full of entreaty. [Obs.] Spenser.

In*trench" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intrenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intrenching.]

1. To cut in; to furrow; to make trenches in or upon.

It was this very sword intrenched it.
Shak.

His face
Deep scars of thunder had intrenched.
Milton.

2. To surround with a trench or with intrenchments, as in fortification; to fortify with a ditch and parapet; as, the army intrenched their camp, or intrenched itself. "In the suburbs close intrenched." Shak.

In*trench", v. i. To invade; to encroach; to infringe or trespass; to enter on, and take possession of, that which belongs to another; -- usually followed by on or upon; as, the king was charged with intrenching on the rights of the nobles, and the nobles were accused of intrenching on the prerogative of the crown.

We are not to intrench upon truth in any conversation, but least of all with children.
Locke.

In*trench"ant (?), a. [Pref. in- not + trenchant.] Not to be gashed or marked with furrows. [Obs.]

As easy mayest thou the intrenchant air
With thy keen sword impress, as make me bleed.
Shak.

In*trench"ment (?), n. [From Intrench.]

1. The act of intrenching or the state of being intrenched.

2. (Mil.) Any defensive work consisting of at least a trench or ditch and a parapet made from the earth thrown up in making such a ditch.

On our side, we have thrown up intrenchments on Winter and Prospect Hills.
Washington.

3. Any defense or protection.

4. An encroachment or infringement.

The slight intrenchment upon individual freedom.
Southey.

In*trep"id (?), a. [L. intrepidus: cf. F. intrépide. See In- not, and Trepidation.] Not trembling or shaking with fear; fearless; bold; brave; undaunted; courageous; as, an intrepid soldier; intrepid spirit.

Syn. -- Fearless; dauntless; resolute; brave; courageous; daring; valiant; heroic; doughty.

In`tre*pid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. intrépidité.] The quality or state of being intrepid; fearless bravery; courage; resoluteness; valor.

Sir Roger had acquitted himself of two or three sentences with a look of much business and great intrepidity.
Addison.

Syn. -- Courage; heroism; bravery; fortitude; gallantry; valor. See Courage, Heroism.

In*trep"id*ly (?), adv. In an intrepid manner; courageously; resolutely.

In"tri*ca*ble (?), a. [See Intricate.] Entangling. [Obs.] Shelton.

In"tri*ca*cy (?), n.; pl. Intricacies (#). [From Intricate.] The state or quality of being intricate or entangled; perplexity; involution; complication; complexity; that which is intricate or involved; as, the intricacy of a knot; the intricacy of accounts; the intricacy of a cause in controversy; the intricacy of a plot.

Freed from intricacies, taught to live
The easiest way.
Milton.

In"tri*cate (?), a. [L. intricatus, p. p. of intricare to entangle, perplex. Cf. Intrigue, Extricate.] Entangled; involved; perplexed; complicated; difficult to understand, follow, arrange, or adjust; as, intricate machinery, labyrinths, accounts, plots, etc.

His style was fit to convey the most intricate business to the understanding with the utmost clearness.
Addison.

The nature of man is intricate.
Burke.

Syn. -- Intricate, Complex, Complicated. A thing is complex when it is made up of parts; it is complicated when those parts are so many, or so arranged, as to make it difficult to grasp them; it is intricate when it has numerous windings and confused involutions which it is hard to follow out. What is complex must be resolved into its parts; what is complicated must be drawn out and developed; what is intricate must be unraveled.

In"tri*cate (?), v. t. To entangle; to involve; to make perplexing. [Obs.]

It makes men troublesome, and intricates all wise discourses.
Jer. Taylor.

In"tri*cate*ly (?), adv. In an intricate manner.

In"tri*cate*ness, n. The state or quality of being intricate; intricacy.

In`tri*ca"tion (?), n. Entanglement. [Obs.]

||In`tri`gante" (?), n. [F.] A female intriguer.

In*trigue" (&ibreve;n*trēg"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intrigued (- trēgd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Intriguing.] [F. intriguer, OF. intriquer, entriquer; cf. It. intrigare. See Intricate, Extricate.] 1. To form a plot or scheme; to contrive to accomplish a purpose by secret artifice.

2. To carry on a secret and illicit love or amour.

In*trigue", v. t. To fill with artifice and duplicity; to complicate; to embarrass. [Obs.]

How doth it [sin] perplex and intrique the whole course of your lives!
Dr. J. Scott.

In*trigue", n. [Cf. F. intrique. See Intrigue, v. i.]

1. Intricacy; complication. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. A complicated plot or scheme intended to effect some purpose by secret artifice; conspiracy; stratagem.

Busy meddlers with intrigues of state.
Pomfret.

3. The plot of a play or romance; a complicated scheme of designs, actions, and events. Pope.

4. A secret and illicit love affair between two persons of different sexes; an amour; a liaison.

The hero of a comedy is represented victorious in all his intrigues.
Swift.

Syn. -- Plot; scheme; conspiracy; machination.

In*trigu"er (&ibreve;n*trēg"&etilde;r), n. One who intrigues.

In*trigu"er*y (?), n. Arts or practice of intrigue.

In*trigu"ing*ly (?), adv. By means of, or in the manner of, intrigue.

In*trinse" (-tr&ibreve;ns"), a. [See Intrinsic, and Intense.] Tightly drawn; or (perhaps) intricate. [Very rare]

Like rats, oft bite the holy cords atwain,
Which are too intrinse to unloose.
Shak.

In*trin"sic (&ibreve;n*tr&ibreve;n"s&ibreve;k), a. [L. intrinsecus inward, on the inside; intra within + secus otherwise, beside; akin to E. second: cf. F. intrinsèque. See Inter-, Second, and cf. Extrinsic.]

1. Inward; internal; hence, true; genuine; real; essential; inherent; not merely apparent or accidental; -- opposed to extrinsic; as, the intrinsic value of gold or silver; the intrinsic merit of an action; the intrinsic worth or goodness of a person.

He was better qualified than they to estimate justly the intrinsic value of Grecian philosophy and refinement.
I. Taylor.

2. (Anat.) Included wholly within an organ or limb, as certain groups of muscles; -- opposed to extrinsic.

Intrinsic energy of a body (Physics), the work it can do in virtue of its actual condition, without any supply of energy from without. -- Intrinsic equation of a curve (Geom.), the equation which expresses the relation which the length of a curve, measured from a given point of it, to a movable point, has to the angle which the tangent to the curve at the movable point makes with a fixed line. -- Intrinsic value. See the Note under Value, n.

Syn. -- Inherent; innate; natural; real; genuine.

In*trin"sic, n. A genuine quality. [Obs.] Warburton.

In*trin"sic*al (?), a. [Formerly written intrinsecal.]

1. Intrinsic.

2. Intimate; closely familiar. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

In*trin`si*cal"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being intrinsic; essentialness; genuineness; reality.

In*trin"sic*al*ly (?), adv. Internally; in its nature; essentially; really; truly.

A lie is a thing absolutely and intrinsically evil.
South.

In*trin"sic*al*ness, n. The quality of being intrinsical; intrinsicality.

In*trin"si*cate (?), a. Intricate. [Obs.] Shak.

In"tro- (?). [L. intro, adv., inwardly, within. See Inter-.] A prefix signifying within, into, in, inward; as, introduce, introreception, introthoracic.

In`tro*ces"sion (?), n. [L. introcedere, introcessum, to go in; intro within + cedere to go.] (Med.) A depression, or inward sinking of parts.

In`tro*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Introduced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Introducing (?).] [L. introducere, introductum; intro within + ducere to lead. See Intro-, and Duke.]

1. To lead or bring in; to conduct or usher in; as, to introduce a person into a drawing-room.

2. To put (something into a place); to insert; as, to introduce the finger, or a probe.

3. To lead to and make known by formal announcement or recommendation; hence, to cause to be acquainted; as, to introduce strangers; to introduce one person to another.

4. To bring into notice, practice, cultivation, or use; as, to introduce a new fashion, method, or plant.

5. To produce; to cause to exist; to induce. [Obs.]

Whosoever introduces habits in children, deserves the care and attention of their governors.
Locke.

6. To open to notice; to begin; to present; as, he introduced the subject with a long preface.

Syn. -- To bring in; usher in; insert; begin; preface.

In`tro*duce"ment (?), n. Introduction. [Obs.]

In`tro*du"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, introduces.

In`tro*duct" (?), v. t. To introduce. [Obs.]

In`tro*duc"tion (?), n. [L. introductio: cf. F. introduction. See Introduce.]

1. The act of introducing, or bringing to notice.

2. The act of formally making persons known to each other; a presentation or making known of one person to another by name; as, the introduction of one stranger to another.

3. That part of a book or discourse which introduces or leads the way to the main subject, or part; preliminary; matter; preface; proem; exordium.

4. A formal and elaborate preliminary treatise; specifically, a treatise introductory to other treatises, or to a course of study; a guide; as, an introduction to English literature.

In`tro*duc"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. introductif.] Serving to introduce; introductory. - - In`tro*duc"tive*ly, adv.

In`tro*duc"tor (?), n. [L.] An introducer. [Obs.]

In`tro*duc"to*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of introduction.

In`tro*duc"to*ry (?), a. [L. itroductorius: cf. F. introductoire.] Serving to introduce something else; leading to the main subject or business; preliminary; prefatory; as, introductory proceedings; an introductory discourse.

In`tro*duc"tress (?), n. A female introducer.

In`tro*flexed" (?), a. Flexed or bent inward.

In`tro*gres"sion (?), n. [L. introgressus, p. p. of introgredi to go in; intro- within + gradi to step, go.] The act of going in; entrance. Blount.

In*tro"it (?), n. [L. introitus, fr. introire to go into, to enter; intro within + ire to go: cf. F. introit.]

1. A going in. Caxton.

2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A psalm sung or chanted immediately before the collect, epistle, and gospel, and while the priest is entering within the rails of the altar. (b) A part of a psalm or other portion of Scripture read by the priest at Mass immediately after ascending to the altar.

3. (R. C. Ch.) An anthem or psalm sung before the Communion service.

4. Any composition of vocal music appropriate to the opening of church services.

In`tro*mis"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. intromission. See Intromit.]

1. The act of sending in or of putting in; insertion. South.

2. The act of letting go in; admission.

3. (Scots Law) An intermeddling with the affairs of another, either on legal grounds or without authority.

In`tro*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intromitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Intromitting.] [L. intromittere, intromissum; intro- within + mittere to send.]

1. To send in or put in; to insert or introduce. Greenhill.

2. To allow to pass in; to admit.

Glass in the window intromits light, without cold.
Holder.

In`tro*mit", v. i. (Scots Law) To intermeddle with the effects or goods of another.

In`tro*mit"tent (?), a. [L. intromittens, p. pr.]

1. Throwing, or allowing to pass, into or within.

2. (Zoöl.) Used in copulation; -- said of the external reproductive organs of the males of many animals, and sometimes of those of the females.

In`tro*mit"ter (?), n. One who intromits.

In`tro*pres"sion (?), n. Pressure acting within. [R.]

In`tro*re*cep"tion (?), n. The act of admitting into or within. Hammond.

In*trorse" (?), a. [L. introrsus inward, contr. from introversus. See Introvert.] (Bot.) Turning or facing inward, or toward the axis of the part to which it belongs. Gray.

In`tro*spect" (?), v. t. [L. introspectus, p. p. introspicere to look into; intro within + specere to look. See Spy.] To look into or within; to view the inside of. Bailey.

In`tro*spec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. introspection.] A view of the inside or interior; a looking inward; specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states; self-consciousness; reflection.

I was forced to make an introspection into my own mind.
Dryden.

In`tro*spec"tion*ist, n. (Metaph.) One given to the introspective method of examining the phenomena of the soul.

In`tro*spec"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. introspectif.]

1. Inspecting within; seeing inwardly; capable of, or exercising, inspection; self-conscious.

2. Involving the act or results of conscious knowledge of physical phenomena; -- contrasted with associational. J. S. Mill.

In`tro*sume" (?), v. t. [Pref. intro- + L. sumere to take.] To draw in; to swallow. [Obs.] Evelyn.

In`tro*sus*cep"tion (?), n. 1. The act or process of receiving within.

The person is corrupted by the introsusception of a nature which becomes evil thereby.
Coleridge.

2. (Med.) Same as Intussusception.

In`tro*ven"ient (?), a. [L. introveniens, p. pr. of introvenire to come in; intro within + venire to come.] Coming in together; entering; commingling. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

In`tro*ver"sion (?), n. [See Introvert.] The act of introverting, or the state of being introverted; the act of turning the mind inward. Berkeley.

In`tro*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Introverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Introverting.] [Pref. intro- + L. vertere, versum, to turn.]

1. To turn or bend inward. "Introverted toes." Cowper.

2. To look within; to introspect. Lew Wallace.

In*trude" (?), v. i. [L. intrudere, intrusum; pref. in- in + trudere to thrust, akin to E. threat. See Threat.] To thrust one's self in; to come or go in without invitation, permission, or welcome; to encroach; to trespass; as, to intrude on families at unseasonable hours; to intrude on the lands of another.

Thy wit wants edge
And manners, to intrude where I am graced.
Shak.

Some thoughts rise and intrude upon us, while we shun them; others fly from us, when we would hold them.
I. Watts.

In*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Intruding.]

1. To thrust or force (something) in or upon; especially, to force (one's self) in without leave or welcome; as, to intrude one's presence into a conference; to intrude one's opinions upon another.

2. To enter by force; to invade. [Obs.]

Why should the worm intrude the maiden bud?
Shak.

3. (Geol.) The cause to enter or force a way, as into the crevices of rocks.

Syn. -- To obtrude; encroach; infringe; intrench; trespass. See Obtrude.

In*trud"ed (?), p. a. (Geol.) Same as Intrusive.

In*trud"er (?), n. One who intrudes; one who thrusts himself in, or enters without right, or without leave or welcome; a trespasser.

They were all strangers and intruders.
Locke.

In*trud"ress (?), n. A female intruder.

In*trunk" (?), v. t. To inclose as in a trunk; to incase. [R.] Ford.

In*tru"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. intrusion. See Intrude.]

1. The act of intruding, or of forcing in; especially, the forcing (one's self) into a place without right or welcome; encroachment.

Why this intrusion?
Were not my orders that I should be private?
Addison.

2. (Geol.) The penetrating of one rock, while in a plastic or metal state, into the cavities of another.

3. (Law) The entry of a stranger, after a particular estate or freehold is determined, before the person who holds in remainder or reversion has taken possession.

4. (Scotch Ch.) The settlement of a minister over a congregation without their consent.

In*tru"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to intrusion.

In*tru"sion*ist, n. One who intrudes; especially, one who favors the appointment of a clergyman to a parish, by a patron, against the wishes of the parishioners.

In*tru"sive (?), a. Apt to intrude; characterized by intrusion; entering without right or welcome.

Intrusive rocks (Geol.), rocks which have been forced, while in a plastic or melted state, into the cavities or between the cracks or layers of other rocks. The term is sometimes used as equivalent to plutonic rocks. It is then contrasted with effusive or volcanic rocks.

-- In*tru"sive*ly, adv. -- In*tru"sive*ness, n.

In*trust" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intrusted, p. pr. & vb. n. Intrusting.] To deliver (something) to another in trust; to deliver to (another) something in trust; to commit or surrender (something) to another with a certain confidence regarding his care, use, or disposal of it; as, to intrust a servant with one's money or intrust money or goods to a servant.

Syn. -- To commit; consign; confide. See Commit.

In`tu*ba"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- in + tube.] (Med.) The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as into the larynx in croup.

In`tu*i"tion (?), n. [L. intuitus, p. p. of intueri to look on; in- in, on + tueri: cf. F. intuition. See Tuition.]

1. A looking after; a regard to. [Obs.]

What, no reflection on a reward! He might have an intuition at it, as the encouragement, though not the cause, of his pains.
Fuller.

2. Direct apprehension or cognition; immediate knowledge, as in perception or consciousness; -- distinguished from "mediate" knowledge, as in reasoning; as, the mind knows by intuition that black is not white, that a circle is not a square, that three are more than two, etc.; quick or ready insight or apprehension.

Sagacity and a nameless something more, -- let us call it intuition.
Hawthorne.

3. Any object or truth discerned by direct cognition; especially, a first or primary truth.

In`tu*i"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, intuition; characterized by intuition; perceived by intuition; intuitive.

In`tu*i"tion*al*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) The doctrine that the perception or recognition of primary truth is intuitive, or direct and immediate; -- opposed to sensationalism, and experientialism.

In`tu*i"tion*al*ist, n. One who holds the doctrine of intuitionalism.

In`tu*i"tion*ism (?), n. Same as Intuitionalism.

In`tu*i"tion*ist, n. Same as Intuitionalist. Bain.

In*tu"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. intuitif.]

1. Seeing clearly; as, an intuitive view; intuitive vision.

2. Knowing, or perceiving, by intuition; capable of knowing without deduction or reasoning.

Whence the soul
Reason receives, and reason is her being,
Discursive, or intuitive.
Milton.

3. Received, reached, obtained, or perceived, by intuition; as, intuitive judgment or knowledge; -- opposed to deductive. Locke.

In*tu"i*tive*ly, adv. In an intuitive manner.

In*tu"i*tiv*ism (?), n. The doctrine that the ideas of right and wrong are intuitive. J. Grote.

In`tu*mesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intumesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intumescing (?).] [L. intumescere; pref. in- in + tumescere to swell up, incho. fr. tumere to swell. See Tumid.] To enlarge or expand with heat; to swell; specifically, to swell up or bubble up under the action of heat, as before the blowpipe.

In a higher heat, it intumesces, and melts into a yellowish black mass.
Kirwan.

In`tu*mes"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. intumescence.]

1. The act or process of swelling or enlarging; also, the state of being swollen; expansion; tumidity; especially, the swelling up of bodies under the action of heat.

The intumescence of nations.
Johnson.

2. Anything swollen or enlarged, as a tumor.

In`tu*mes"cent (?), a. [L. intumescens, p. pr.] Swelling up; expanding.

In*tu"mu*la`ted (?), a. [L. intumulatus. See In- not, and Tumulate.] Unburied. [Obs.]

In*tune" (?), v. t. To intone. Cf. Entune.

In*tur"bid*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inturbidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inturbidating.] [Pref. in- in + turbid.] To render turbid; to darken; to confuse. [R.]

The confusion of ideas and conceptions under the same term painfully inturbidates his theology.
Coleridge.

In`tur*ges"cence (?), n. [L. inturgescens, p. pr. of inturgescere to swell up. See 1st In-, and Turgescent.] A swelling; the act of swelling, or state of being swelled. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In"tuse (?), n. [L. intundere to bruise; pref. in- in + tundere, tusum, to beat, bruise.] A bruise; a contusion. [Obs.] Spenser.

In`tus*sus*cep"ted (?), a. [See Intussusception.] Received into some other thing or part, as a sword into a sheath; invaginated.

In`tus*sus*cep"tion (?), n. [L. intus within + susception. Cf. Introsusception.]

1. The reception of one part within another.

2. (Med.) The abnormal reception or slipping of a part of a tube, by inversion and descent, within a contiguous part of it; specifically, the reception or slipping of the upper part of the small intestine into the lower; introsusception; invagination. Dunglison.

3. (Bot.) The interposition of new particles of formative material among those already existing, as in a cell wall, or in a starch grain.

4. (Physiol.) The act of taking foreign matter, as food, into a living body; the process of nutrition, by which dead matter is absorbed by the living organism, and ultimately converted into the organized substance of its various tissues and organs.

Dead bodies increase by apposition; living bodies by intussusception.
McKendrick.

In*twine" (?), v. t. [Cf. Entwine.] To twine or twist into, or together; to wreathe; as, a wreath of flowers intwined. [Written also entwine.]

In*twine", v. i. To be or to become intwined.

In*twine"ment (?), n. The act of intwining, or the state of being intwined.

In*twist" (?), v. t. [Cf. Entwist.] To twist into or together; to interweave. [Written also entwist.]

In`u*en"do (?), n. See Innuendo.

In"u*lin (?), n. [From NL. Inula Helenium, the elecampane: cf. F. inuline.] (Chem.) A substance of very wide occurrence. It is found dissolved in the sap of the roots and rhizomes of many composite and other plants, as Inula, Helianthus, Campanula, etc., and is extracted by solution as a tasteless, white, semicrystalline substance, resembling starch, with which it is isomeric. It is intermediate in nature between starch and sugar. Called also dahlin, helenin, alantin, etc.

In"u*loid (?), n. [Inulin + - oid.] (Chem.) A substance resembling inulin, found in the unripe bulbs of the dahlia.

In*um"brate (?), v. t. [L. inumbratus, p. p. of inumbrare to shade.] To shade; to darken. [Obs.]

In*unc"ted (?), a. [See Inunction.] Anointed. [Obs.] Cockeram.

In*unc"tion (?), n. [L. inunctio, fr. inungere, inunctum, to anoint. See 1st In-, and Unction.] The act of anointing, or the state of being anointed; unction; specifically (Med.), the rubbing of ointments into the pores of the skin, by which medicinal agents contained in them, such as mercury, iodide of potash, etc., are absorbed.

In*unc`tu*os"i*ty (?; 135), n. The want of unctuosity; freedom from greasiness or oiliness; as, the inunctuosity of porcelain clay. Kirwan.

In*un"dant (?), a. [L. inundans, p. pr. of inundare.] Overflowing. [R.] Shenstone.

In*un"date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inundated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inundating.] [L. inundatus, p. p. of inundare to inundate; pref. in- in + undare to rise in waves, to overflow, fr. unda a wave. See Undulate.]

1. To cover with a flood; to overflow; to deluge; to flood; as, the river inundated the town.

2. To fill with an overflowing abundance or superfluity; as, the country was inundated with bills of credit.

Syn. -- To overflow; deluge; flood; overwhelm; submerge; drown.

In`un*da"tion (?), n. [L. inundatio: cf. F. inondation.]

1. The act of inundating, or the state of being inundated; an overflow; a flood; a rising and spreading of water over grounds.

With inundation wide the deluge reigns,
Drowns the deep valleys, and o'erspreads the plains.
Wilkie.

2. An overspreading of any kind; overflowing or superfluous abundance; a flood; a great influx; as, an inundation of tourists.

To stop the inundation of her tears.
Shak.

In*un`der*stand"ing (?), a. Void of understanding. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

In`ur*bane" (?), a. [L. inurbanus. See In- not, and Urbane.] Uncivil; unpolished; rude. M. Arnold. -- In`ur*bane"ly, adv. -- In`ur*bane"ness, n.

In`ur*ban"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inurbanité.] Want of urbanity or courtesy; unpolished manners or deportment; inurbaneness; rudeness. Bp. Hall.

In*ure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inuring.] [From pref. in- in + ure use, work. See Ure use, practice, Opera, and cf. Manure.] To apply in use; to train; to discipline; to use or accustom till use gives little or no pain or inconvenience; to harden; to habituate; to practice habitually. "To inure our prompt obedience." Milton.

He . . . did inure them to speak little.
Sir T. North.

Inured and exercised in learning.
Robynson (More's Utopia).

The poor, inured to drudgery and distress.
Cowper.

In*ure", v. i. To pass into use; to take or have effect; to be applied; to serve to the use or benefit of; as, a gift of lands inures to the heirs. [Written also enure.]

In*ure"ment (?), n. Use; practice; discipline; habit; custom.

In*urn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inurned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inurning.] To put in an urn, as the ashes of the dead; hence, to bury; to intomb.

The sepulcher
Wherein we saw thee quietly inurned.
Shak.

In*u"si*tate (?), a. [L. inusitatus unusual. See Use.] Unusual. [R.] Bramhall.

In*u"si*ta"tion (?), n. Want of use; disuse. [R.] Paley.

In*ust" (?), a. [L. inurere, inustum, to burn in; pref. in- in + urere to burn.] Burnt in. [Obs.]

In*us"tion (?), n. The act of burning or branding. [Obs.] T. Adams.

In*u"tile (?), a. [L. inutilis: cf. F. inutile. See In- not, Utile.] Useless; unprofitable. [Obs.] Bacon.

In`u*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. inutilitas: cf. F. inutilité.] Uselessness; the quality of being unprofitable; unprofitableness; as, the inutility of vain speculations and visionary projects.

In*ut"ter*a*ble (?), a. Unutterable; inexpressible. Milton.

||In` vac"u*o (?). [L.] (Physics) In a vacuum; in empty space; as, experiments in vacuo.

In*vade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Invading.] [L. invadere, invasum; pref. in- in + vadere to go, akin to E. wade: cf. OF. invader, F. envahir. See Wade.]

1. To go into or upon; to pass within the confines of; to enter; -- used of forcible or rude ingress. [Obs.]

Which becomes a body, and doth then invade
The state of life, out of the grisly shade.
Spenser.

2. To enter with hostile intentions; to enter with a view to conquest or plunder; to make an irruption into; to attack; as, the Romans invaded Great Britain.

Such an enemy
Is risen to invade us.
Milton.

3. To attack; to infringe; to encroach on; to violate; as, the king invaded the rights of the people.

4. To grow or spread over; to affect injuriously and progressively; as, gangrene invades healthy tissue.

Syn. -- To attack; assail; encroach upon. See Attack.

In*vade", v. i. To make an invasion. Brougham.

In*vad"er (?), n. One who invades; an assailant; an encroacher; an intruder.

In*vag"i*nate (?), v. t. To insert as in a sheath; to produce intussusception in.

{ In*vag"i*nate (?), In*vag"i*na`ted (?), } a. (Biol.) (a) Sheathed. (b) Having one portion of a hollow organ drawn back within another portion.

In*vag`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. pref. in- + vagina sheath.]

1. (Biol.) The condition of an invaginated organ or part.

2. (Biol.) One of the methods by which the various germinal layers of the ovum are differentiated.

&fist; In embolic invagination, one half of the blastosphere is pushed in towards the other half, producing an embryonic form known as a gastrula. -- In epibolic invagination, a phenomenon in the development of some invertebrate ova, the epiblast appears to grow over or around the hypoblast.

In`va*les"cence (?), n. [L. invalescens, p. pr. of invalescere to become strong. See 1st In-, and Convalesce.] Strength; health. [Obs.]

In*val`e*tu"di*na*ry (?), a. Wanting health; valetudinary. [R.]

In*val"id (?), a. [Pref. in- not + valid: cf. F. invalide, L. invalidus infirm, weak. Cf. Invalid infirm.]

1. Of no force, weight, or cogency; not valid; weak.

2. (Law) Having no force, effect, or efficacy; void; null; as, an invalid contract or agreement.

In"va*lid (?; 277), n. [F. invalide, n. & a., L. invalidus, a. See Invalid null.] A person who is weak and infirm; one who is disabled for active service; especially, one in chronic ill health.

In"va*lid (?), a. [See Invalid, n.] Not well; feeble; infirm; sickly; as, he had an invalid daughter.

In"va*lid, v. t. 1. To make or render invalid or infirm. "Invalided, bent, and almost blind." Dickens.

2. To classify or enroll as an invalid.

Peace coming, he was invalided on half pay.
Carlyle.

In*val"i*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invalidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invalidating.] [From Invalid null.] To render invalid; to weaken or lessen the force of; to destroy the authority of; to render of no force or effect; to overthrow; as, to invalidate an agreement or argument.

In*val`i*da"tion (?), n. The act of inavlidating, or the state of being invalidated.

So many invalidations of their right.
Burke.

||In`va*lide" (?), n. [F.] See Invalid, n.

In"va*lid*ism (?), n. The condition of an invalid; sickness; infirmity.

In`va*lid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. invalidité, LL. invaliditas want of health.]

1. Want of validity or cogency; want of legal force or efficacy; invalidness; as, the invalidity of an agreement or of a will.

2. Want of health; infirmity. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

In*val"id*ness (?), n. Invalidity; as, the invalidness of reasoning.

In*val"or*ous (?), a. Not valorous; cowardly.

In*val"u*a*ble (?), a. Valuable beyond estimation; inestimable; priceless; precious.

In*val"u*a*bly, adv. Inestimably. Bp. Hall.

In*val"ued (?), a. Inestimable. [R.] Drayton.

In*va`ri*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. invariabilité.] The quality of being invariable; invariableness; constancy; uniformity.

In*va"ri*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + variable: cf. F. invariable.] Not given to variation or change; unalterable; unchangeable; always uniform.

Physical laws which are invariable.
I. Taylor.

-- In*va"ri*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*va"ri*a*bly, adv.

In*va"ri*a*ble (?), n. (Math.) An invariable quantity; a constant.

In*va"ri*ance (?), n. (Math.) The property of remaining invariable under prescribed or implied conditions. J. J. Sylvester.

In*va"ri*ant (?), n. (Math.) An invariable quantity; specifically, a function of the coefficients of one or more forms, which remains unaltered, when these undergo suitable linear transformations. J. J. Sylvester.

In*va"sion (?), n. [L. invasio: cf. F. invasion. See Invade.]

1. The act of invading; the act of encroaching upon the rights or possessions of another; encroachment; trespass.

2. A warlike or hostile entrance into the possessions or domains of another; the incursion of an army for conquest or plunder.

3. The incoming or first attack of anything hurtful or pernicious; as, the invasion of a disease.

Syn. -- Invasion, Irruption, Inroad. Invasion is the generic term, denoting a forcible entrance into a foreign country. Incursion signifies a hasty and sudden invasion. Irruption denotes particularly violent invasion. Inroad is entry by some unusual way involving trespass and injury.

In*va"sive (?), a. [LL. invasivus: cf. F. invasif. See Invade.] Tending to invade; characterized by invasion; aggressive. "Invasive war." Hoole.

In*vect" (?), v. i. To inveigh. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

In*vec"ted (?), a. [L. invectus carried in. See Inveigh.] (Her.) Having a border or outline composed of semicircles with the convexity outward; -- the opposite of engrailed.

In*vec"tion (?), n. [L. invectio. See Inveigh.] An inveighing against; invective. [Obs.] Fulke.

In*vec"tive (?), a. [L. invectivus: cf. F. invectif. See Inveigh.] Characterized by invection; critical; denunciatory; satirical; abusive; railing.

In*vec"tive, n. [F. invective.] An expression which inveighs or rails against a person; a severe or violent censure or reproach; something uttered or written, intended to cast opprobrium, censure, or reproach on another; a harsh or reproachful accusation; -- followed by against, having reference to the person or thing affected; as, an invective against tyranny.

The world will be able to judge of his [Junius'] motives for writing such famous invectives.
Sir W. Draper.

Syn. -- Abuse; censure; reproach; satire; sarcasm; railing; diatribe. See Abuse.

In*vec"tive*ly, adv. In an invective manner. Shak.

In*veigh" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inveighed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inveighing.] [L. invehere, invectum, to carry or bring into or against, to attack with words, to inveigh; pref. in- in + vehere to carry. See Vehicle, and cf. Invective.] To declaim or rail (against some person or thing); to utter censorious and bitter language; to attack with harsh criticism or reproach, either spoken or written; to use invectives; - - with against; as, to inveigh against character, conduct, manners, customs, morals, a law, an abuse.

All men inveighed against him; all men, except court vassals, opposed him.
Milton.

The artificial life against which we inveighed.
Hawthorne.

In*veigh"er (?), n. One who inveighs.

In*vei"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inveigled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inveigling (?).] [Prob. fr. F. aveugler to blind, to delude, OF. aveugler, avugler, avegler, fr. F. aveugle blind, OF. aveugle, avugle, properly, without eyes, fr. L. ab + oculus eye. The pref. in- seems to have been substituted for a- taken as the pref. F. à, L. ad. See Ocular.] To lead astray as if blind; to persuade to something evil by deceptive arts or flattery; to entice; to insnare; to seduce; to wheedle.

Yet have they many baits and guileful spells
To inveigle and invite the unwary sense.
Milton.

In*vei"gle*ment (?), n. The act of inveigling, or the state of being inveigled; that which inveigles; enticement; seduction. South.

In*vei"gler (?), n. One who inveigles.

In*veil" (?), v. t. To cover, as with a vail. W. Browne.

In*vend`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being invendible; invendibleness; unsalableness.

In*vend"i*ble (?), a. [L. invendibilis. See In- not, and Vendible.] Not vendible or salable. Jefferson. -- In*vend"i*ble*ness, n.

In*ven"om (?), v. t. See Envenom.

In*vent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invented; p. pr. & vb. n. Inventing.] [L. inventus, p. p. of invenire to come upon, to find, invent; pref. in- in + venire to come, akin to E. come: cf. F. inventer. See Come.]

1. To come or light upon; to meet; to find. [Obs.]

And vowed never to return again,
Till him alive or dead she did invent.
Spenser.

2. To discover, as by study or inquiry; to find out; to devise; to contrive or produce for the first time; -- applied commonly to the discovery of some serviceable mode, instrument, or machine.

Thus first Necessity invented stools.
Cowper.

3. To frame by the imagination; to fabricate mentally; to forge; -- in a good or a bad sense; as, to invent the machinery of a poem; to invent a falsehood.

Whate'er his cruel malice could invent.
Milton.

He had invented some circumstances, and put the worst possible construction on others.
Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- To discover; contrive; devise; frame; design; fabricate; concoct; elaborate. See Discover.

In*vent"er (?), n. One who invents.

In*vent"ful (?), a. Full of invention. J. Gifford.

In*vent"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being invented.

In*vent"i*ble*ness, n. Quality of being inventible.

In*ven"tion (?), n. [L. inventio: cf. F. invention. See Invent.]

1. The act of finding out or inventing; contrivance or construction of that which has not before existed; as, the invention of logarithms; the invention of the art of printing.

As the search of it [truth] is the duty, so the invention will be the happiness of man.
Tatham.

2. That which is invented; an original contrivance or construction; a device; as, this fable was the invention of Esop; that falsehood was her own invention.

We entered by the drawbridge, which has an invention to let one fall if not premonished.
Evelyn.

3. Thought; idea. Shak.

4. A fabrication to deceive; a fiction; a forgery; a falsehood.

Filling their hearers
With strange invention.
Shak.

5. The faculty of inventing; imaginative faculty; skill or ingenuity in contriving anything new; as, a man of invention.

They lay no less than a want of invention to his charge; a capital crime, . . . for a poet is a maker.
Dryden.

6. (Fine Arts, Rhet., etc.) The exercise of the imagination in selecting and treating a theme, or more commonly in contriving the arrangement of a piece, or the method of presenting its parts.

Invention of the cross (Eccl.), a festival celebrated May 3d, in honor of the finding of our Savior's cross by St. Helena.

In*ven"tious (?), a. Inventive. [Obs.]

In*vent"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. inventif.] Able and apt to invent; quick at contrivance; ready at expedients; as, an inventive head or genius. Dryden. -- In*vent"ive*ly, adv. -- In*vent"ive*ness, n.

In*vent"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. inventeur.] One who invents or finds out something new; a contriver; especially, one who invents mechanical devices.

In`ven*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an inventory. -- In`ven*to"ri*al*ly, adv. Shak.

In"ven*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Inventories (#). [L. inventarium: cf. LL. inventorium, F. inventaire, OF. also inventoire. See Invent.] An account, catalogue, or schedule, made by an executor or administrator, of all the goods and chattels, and sometimes of the real estate, of a deceased person; a list of the property of which a person or estate is found to be possessed; hence, an itemized list of goods or valuables, with their estimated worth; specifically, the annual account of stock taken in any business.

There take an inventory of all I have.
Shak.

Syn. -- List; register; schedule; catalogue. See List.

In"ven*to*ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inventoried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inventorying.] [Cf. F. inventorier.] To make an inventory of; to make a list, catalogue, or schedule of; to insert or register in an account of goods; as, a merchant inventories his stock.

I will give out divers schedules of my beauty; it shall be inventoried, and every particle and utensil labeled.
Shak.

In*vent"ress (?), n. [Cf. L. inventrix, F. inventrice.] A woman who invents. Dryden.

In`ve*rac"i*ty (?), n. Want of veracity.

In*ver`i*si*mil"i*tude (?), n. Want of verisimilitude or likelihood; improbability.

In*verse" (?), a. [L. inversus, p. p. of invertere: cf. F. inverse. See Invert.]

1. Opposite in order, relation, or effect; reversed; inverted; reciprocal; -- opposed to direct.

2. (Bot.) Inverted; having a position or mode of attachment the reverse of that which is usual.

3. (Math.) Opposite in nature and effect; -- said with reference to any two operations, which, when both are performed in succession upon any quantity, reproduce that quantity; as, multiplication is the inverse operation to division. The symbol of an inverse operation is the symbol of the direct operation with -1 as an index. Thus sin-1 x means the arc whose sine is x.

Inverse figures (Geom.), two figures, such that each point of either figure is inverse to a corresponding point in the order figure. -- Inverse points (Geom.), two points lying on a line drawn from the center of a fixed circle or sphere, and so related that the product of their distances from the center of the circle or sphere is equal to the square of the radius. -- Inverse, or Reciprocal, ratio (Math.), the ratio of the reciprocals of two quantities. -- Inverse, or Reciprocal, proportion, an equality between a direct ratio and a reciprocal ratio; thus, 4 : 2 : : ⅓ : ⅙, or 4 : 2 : : 3 : 6, inversely.

In"verse, n. That which is inverse.

Thus the course of human study is the inverse of the course of things in nature.
Tatham.

In*verse"ly (?), adv. In an inverse order or manner; by inversion; -- opposed to directly.

Inversely proportional. See Directly proportional, under Directly, and Inversion, 4.

In*ver"sion (?), n. [L. inversio: cf. F. inversion. See Invert.]

1. The act of inverting, or turning over or backward, or the state of being inverted.

2. A change by inverted order; a reversed position or arrangement of things; transposition.

It is just the inversion of an act of Parliament; your lordship first signed it, and then it was passed among the Lords and Commons.
Dryden.

3. (Mil.) A movement in tactics by which the order of companies in line is inverted, the right being on the left, the left on the right, and so on.

4. (Math.) A change in the order of the terms of a proportion, so that the second takes the place of the first, and the fourth of the third.

5. (Geom.) A peculiar method of transformation, in which a figure is replaced by its inverse figure. Propositions that are true for the original figure thus furnish new propositions that are true in the inverse figure. See Inverse figures, under Inverse.

6. (Gram.) A change of the usual order of words or phrases; as, "of all vices, impurity is one of the most detestable," instead of, "impurity is one of the most detestable of all vices."

7. (Rhet.) A method of reasoning in which the orator shows that arguments advanced by his adversary in opposition to him are really favorable to his cause.

8. (Mus.) (a) Said of intervals, when the lower tone is placed an octave higher, so that fifths become fourths, thirds sixths, etc. (b) Said of a chord, when one of its notes, other than its root, is made the bass. (c) Said of a subject, or phrase, when the intervals of which it consists are repeated in the contrary direction, rising instead of falling, or vice versa. (d) Said of double counterpoint, when an upper and a lower part change places.

9. (Geol.) The folding back of strata upon themselves, as by upheaval, in such a manner that the order of succession appears to be reversed.

10. (Chem.) The act or process by which cane sugar (sucrose), under the action of heat and acids or ferments (as diastase), is broken or split up into grape sugar (dextrose), and fruit sugar (levulose); also, less properly, the process by which starch is converted into grape sugar (dextrose).

&fist; The terms invert and inversion, in this sense, owe their meaning to the fact that the plane of polarization of light, which is rotated to the right by cane sugar, is turned toward the left by levulose.

In*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inverting.] [L. invertere, inversum; pref. in- in + vertere to turn. See Verse.]

1. To turn over; to put upside down; to upset; to place in a contrary order or direction; to reverse; as, to invert a cup, the order of words, rules of justice, etc.

That doth invert the attest of eyes and ears,
As if these organs had deceptious functions.
Shak.

Such reasoning falls like an inverted cone,
Wanting its proper base to stand upon.
Cowper.

2. (Mus.) To change the position of; - - said of tones which form a chord, or parts which compose harmony.

3. To divert; to convert to a wrong use. [Obs.] Knolles.

4. (Chem.) To convert; to reverse; to decompose by, or subject to, inversion. See Inversion, n., 10.

In*vert", v. i. (Chem.) To undergo inversion, as sugar.

In"vert (?), a. (Chem.) Subjected to the process of inversion; inverted; converted; as, invert sugar.

Invert sugar (Chem.), a variety of sugar, consisting of a mixture of dextrose and levulose, found naturally in fruits, and produced artificially by the inversion of cane sugar (sucrose); also, less properly, the grape sugar or dextrose obtained from starch. See Inversion, Dextrose, Levulose, and Sugar.

In"vert, n. (Masonry) An inverted arch.

In*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Zoöl.) Same as Invertebrate.

||In*ver`te*bra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. in- not + vertebratus vertebrate.] (Zoöl.) A comprehensive division of the animal kingdom, including all except the Vertebrata.

In*ver"te*brate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Destitute of a backbone; having no vertebræ; of or pertaining to the Invertebrata. -- n. One of the Invertebrata.

Age of invertebrates. See Age, and Silurian.

In*ver"te*bra`ted (?), a. Having no backbone; invertebrate.

In*vert"ed (?), a.

1. Changed to a contrary or counterchanged order; reversed; characterized by inversion.

2. (Geol.) Situated apparently in reverse order, as strata when folded back upon themselves by upheaval.

Inverted arch (Arch.), an arch placed with crown downward; -- much used in foundations.

In*vert"ed*ly, adv. In an inverted order. Derham.

In*vert"i*ble (?), a. [From Invert.]

1. Capable of being inverted or turned.

2. (Chem.) Capable of being changed or converted; as, invertible sugar.

In*vert"i*ble, a. [Pref. in- not + L. vertere to turn + -ible.] Incapable of being turned or changed.

An indurate and invertible conscience.
Cranmer.

In*vert"in (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) An unorganized ferment which causes cane sugar to take up a molecule of water and be converted into invert sugar.

In*vest" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invested; p. pr. & vb. n. Investing.] [L. investire, investitum; pref. in- in + vestire to clothe, fr. vestis clothing: cf. F. investir. See Vest.]

1. To put garments on; to clothe; to dress; to array; -- opposed to divest. Usually followed by with, sometimes by in; as, to invest one with a robe.

2. To put on. [Obs.]

Can not find one this girdle to invest.
Spenser.

3. To clothe, as with office or authority; to place in possession of rank, dignity, or estate; to endow; to adorn; to grace; to bedeck; as, to invest with honor or glory; to invest with an estate.

I do invest you jointly with my power.
Shak.

4. To surround, accompany, or attend.

Awe such as must always invest the spectacle of the guilt.
Hawthorne.

5. To confer; to give. [R.]

It investeth a right of government.
Bacon.

6. (Mil.) To inclose; to surround or hem in with troops, so as to intercept succors of men and provisions and prevent escape; to lay siege to; as, to invest a town.

7. To lay out (money or capital) in business with the view of obtaining an income or profit; as, to invest money in bank stock.

In*vest" (?), v. i. To make an investment; as, to invest in stocks; -- usually followed by in.

In*vest"ient (?), a. [L. investiens, p. pr. of investire.] Covering; clothing. [R.] Woodward.

In*ves"ti*ga*ble (?), a. [L. investigabilis. See Investigate.] Capable or susceptible of being investigated; admitting research. Hooker.

In*ves"ti*ga*ble, a. [L. investigabilis. See In- not, and Vestigate.] Unsearchable; inscrutable. [Obs.]

So unsearchable the judgment and so investigable the ways thereof.
Bale.

In*ves"ti*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Investigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Investigating.] [L. investigatus, p. p. of investigare to investigate; pref. in- in + vestigare to track, trace. See Vestige.] To follow up step by step by patient inquiry or observation; to trace or track mentally; to search into; to inquire and examine into with care and accuracy; to find out by careful inquisition; as, to investigate the causes of natural phenomena.

In*ves"ti*gate, v. i. To pursue a course of investigation and study; to make investigation.

In*ves`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L. investigatio: cf. F. investigation.] The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research; study; inquiry, esp. patient or thorough inquiry or examination; as, the investigations of the philosopher and the mathematician; the investigations of the judge, the moralist.

In*ves"ti*ga*tive (?), a. Given to investigation; inquisitive; curious; searching.

In*ves"ti*ga`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. investigateur.] One who searches diligently into a subject.

In*ves"ti*ture (?; 135), n. [LL. investitura: cf. F. investiture.]

1. The act or ceremony of investing, or the state of being invested, as with an office; a giving possession; also, the right of so investing.

He had refused to yield up to the pope the investiture of bishops.
Sir W. Raleigh.

2. (Feudal Law) Livery of seizin.

The grant of land or a feud was perfected by the ceremony of corporal investiture, or open delivery of possession.
Blackstone.

3. That with which anyone is invested or clothed; investment; clothing; covering.

While we yet have on
Our gross investiture of mortal weeds.
Trench.

In*vest"ive (?), a. Investing. [R.] Mir. for Mag.

In*vest"ment (?), n. 1. The act of investing, or the state of being invested.

2. That with which anyone is invested; a vestment.

Whose white investments figure innocence.
Shak.

3. (Mil.) The act of surrounding, blocking up, or besieging by an armed force, or the state of being so surrounded.

The capitulation was signed by the commander of the fort within six days after its investments.
Marshall.

4. The laying out of money in the purchase of some species of property; the amount of money invested, or that in which money is invested.

Before the investment could be made, a change of the market might render it ineligible.
A. Hamilton.

An investment in ink, paper, and steel pens.
Hawthorne.

In*vest"or (?), n. One who invests.

In*ves"ture (?; 135), n. Investiture; investment. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

In*ves"ture, v. t. To clothe; to invest; to install. [Obs.] "Monks . . . investured in their copes." Fuller.

In*vet"er*a*cy (?), n. [From Inveterate.]

1. Firm establishment by long continuance; firmness or deep-rooted obstinacy of any quality or state acquired by time; as, the inveteracy of custom, habit, or disease; -- usually in a bad sense; as, the inveteracy of prejudice or of error.

An inveteracy of evil habits that will prompt him to contract more.
A. Tucker.

2. Malignity; spitefulness; virulency.

The rancor of pamphlets, the inveteracy of epigrams, and the mortification of lampoons.
Guardian.

In*vet"er*ate (?), a. [L. inveteratus, p. p. of inveterare to render old; pref. in- in + vetus, veteris, old. See Veteran.]

1. Old; long-established. [Obs.]

It is an inveterate and received opinion.
Bacon.

2. Firmly established by long continuance; obstinate; deep-rooted; of long standing; as, an inveterate disease; an inveterate abuse.

Heal the inveterate canker of one wound.
Shak.

3. Having habits fixed by long continuance; confirmed; habitual; as, an inveterate idler or smoker.

4. Malignant; virulent; spiteful. H. Brooke.

In*vet"er*ate (?), v. t. To fix and settle by long continuance. [Obs.] Bacon.

In*vet"er*ate*ly (?), adv. In an inveterate manner or degree. "Inveterately tough." Hawthorne.

In*vet"er*ate*ness, n. Inveteracy. Sir T. Browne.

In*vet`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. inveteratio.] The act of making inveterate. [R.] Bailey.

In*vict" (?), a. [L. invictus. See In- not, and Victor.] Invincible. [Obs.] Joye.

In*vid"i*ous (?), a. [L. invidiosus, fr. invidia envy. See Envy, and cf. Envious.]

1. Envious; malignant. [Obs.] Evelyn.

2. Worthy of envy; desirable; enviable. [Obs.]

Such a person appeareth in a far more honorable and invidious state than any prosperous man.
Barrow.

3. Likely to incur or produce ill will, or to provoke envy; hateful; as, invidious distinctions.

Agamemnon found it an invidious affair to give the preference to any one of the Grecian heroes.
Broome.

-- In*vid"i*ous*ly, adv. -- In*vid"i*ous*ness, n.

{ In*vig"i*lance (?), In*vig"i*lan*cy (?), } n. [in- not + vigilance: cf. OF. invigilance.] Want of vigilance; neglect of watching; carelessness.

In*vig"or (&ibreve;n*v&ibreve;g"&etilde;r), v. t. To invigorate. [Obs.]

In*vig"or*ate (-āt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invigorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invigorating.] [Pref. in- in + vigor.] To give vigor to; to strengthen; to animate; to give life and energy to.

Christian graces and virtues they can not be, unless fed, invigorated, and animated by universal charity.
Atterbury.

Syn. -- To refresh; animate; exhilarate; stimulate.

In*vig`or*a"tion (?), n. The act of invigorating, or the state of being invigorated.

In*vile" (?), v. t. To render vile. [Obs.] Daniel.

In*vil"laged (?; 48), p. a. Turned into, or reduced to, a village. [Obs.] W. Browne.

In*vin`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. invincibilité.] The quality or state of being invincible; invincibleness.

In*vin"ci*ble (?), a. [L. invincibilis: cf. F. invincible. See In- not, and Vincible.] Incapable of being conquered, overcome, or subdued; unconquerable; insuperable; as, an invincible army, or obstacle.

Lead forth to battle these my sons
Invincible.
Milton.

-- In*vin"ci*ble*ness, n. -- In*vin"ci*bly, adv.

In*vi`o*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. inviolabilitas: cf. F. inviolabilité.] The quality or state of being inviolable; inviolableness.

In*vi"o*la*ble (?), a. [L. inviolabilis: cf. F. inviolable. See Inviolate, a.]

1. Not violable; not susceptible of hurt, wound, or harm (used with respect to either physical or moral damage); not susceptible of being profaned or corrupted; sacred; holy; as, inviolable honor or chastity; an inviolable shrine.

He tried a third, a tough, well-chosen spear,
The inviolable body stood sincere.
Dryden.

2. Unviolated; uninjured; undefiled; uncorrupted.

For thou, be sure, shalt give account
To him who sent us, whose charge is to keep
This place inviolable, and these from harm.
Milton.

3. Not capable of being broken or violated; as, an inviolable covenant, agreement, promise, or vow.

Their almighty Maker first ordained
And bound them with inviolable bands.
Spenser.

And keep our faiths firm and inviolable.
Shak.

In*vi"o*la*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inviolable; as, the inviolableness of divine justice.

In*vi"o*la*bly, adv. Without violation.

In*vi"o*la*cy (?), n. The state or quality of being inviolate; as, the inviolacy of an oath.

{ In*vi"o*late (?), In*vi"o*la`ted (?), } a. [L. inviolatus. See In- not, and Violate.]

1. Not violated; uninjured; unhurt; unbroken.

His fortune of arms was still inviolate.
Bacon.

2. Not corrupted, defiled, or profaned; chaste; pure. "Inviolate truth." Denham.

There chaste Alceste lives inviolate.
Spenser.

In*vi"o*late*ly (?), adv. In an inviolate manner.

In*vi"o*late*ness, n. The state of being inviolate.

In"vi*ous (?), a. [L. invius; pref. in- not + via way.] Untrodden. [R.] Hudibras. -- In"vi*ous*ness, n. [R.]

In*vi"rile (?), a. Deficient in manhood; unmanly; effeminate. Lowell.

In`vi*ril"i*ty (?), n. Absence of virility or manhood; effeminacy. Prynne.

In*vis"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inviscated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inviscating (?).] [L. inviscatus, p. p. of inviscare to birdlime; pref. in- in + viscum, viscus, the mistletoe, birdlime.] To daub or catch with glue or birdlime; to entangle with glutinous matter. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

In*vis"cer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inviscerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inviscerating.] [L. invisceratus, p. p. of inviscerare to put into the entrails. See Viscera.] To breed; to nourish. [R.] W. Montagu.

In*vis"cer*ate (?), a. [L. invisceratus, p. p.] Deep-seated; internal. [R.] W. Montagu.

In*vis`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Invisibilities (#). [L. invisibilitas: cf. F. invisibilité.] The state or quality of being invisible; also, that which is invisible. "Atoms and invisibilities." Landor.

In*vis"i*ble (?), a. [F. invisible, L. invisibilis. See In- not, and Visible.] Incapable of being seen; not perceptible by vision; not visible.

To us invisible, or dimly seen
In these thy lowest works.
Milton.

Invisible bird (Zoöl.), a small, shy singing bird (Myadestes sibilons), of St. Vincent Islands. -- Invisible green, a very dark shade of green, approaching to black, and liable to be mistaken for it.

In*vis"i*ble, n. 1. An invisible person or thing; specifically, God, the Supreme Being.

2. A Rosicrucian; -- so called because avoiding declaration of his craft. [Obs.]

3. (Eccl. Hist.) One of those (as in the 16th century) who denied the visibility of the church. Shipley.

In*vis"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being invisible; invisibility.

In*vis"i*bly, adv. In an invisible manner. Denham.

In*vi"sion (?), n. Want of vision or of the power of seeing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

In`vi*ta"tion (?), n. [L. invitatio: cf. F. invitation. See Invite.]

1. The act of inviting; solicitation; the requesting of a person's company; as, an invitation to a party, to a dinner, or to visit a friend.

2. A document written or printed, or spoken words, conveying the message by which one is invited.

3. Allurement; enticement. [R.]

She gives the leer of invitation.
Shak.

In*vi"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. invitatorius: cf. F. invitatoire.] Using or containing invitations.

The "Venite" [Psalm xcv.], which is also called the invitatory psalm.
Hook.

In*vi"ta*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Invitatories (#). [LL. invitatorium: cf. F. invitatoire.] That which invites; specifically, the invitatory psalm, or a part of it used in worship.

In*vite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inviting.] [L. invitare: cf. F. inviter. See Vie.]

1. To ask; to request; to bid; to summon; to ask to do some act, or go to some place; esp., to ask to an entertainment or visit; to request the company of; as, to invite to dinner, or a wedding, or an excursion.

So many guests invite as here are writ.
Shak.

I invite his Grace of Castle Rackrent to reflect on this.
Carlyle.

2. To allure; to draw to; to tempt to come; to induce by pleasure or hope; to attract.

To inveigle and invite the unwary sense.
Milton.

Shady groves, that easy sleep invite.
Dryden.

There no delusive hope invites despair.
Cowper.

3. To give occasion for; as, to invite criticism.

Syn. -- To solicit; bid; call; ask; summon; allure; attract; entice; persuade.

In*vite", v. i. To give invitation. Milton.

In*vite"ment (?), n. Invitation. [Obs.] Chapman.

In*vit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, invites.

In*vi"ti*ate (?), a. Not vitiated. Lowell.

In*vit"ing (?), a. Alluring; tempting; as, an inviting amusement or prospect.

Nothing is so easy and inviting as the retort of abuse and sarcasm.
W. Irving.

-- In*vit"ing*ly, adv. -- In*vit"ing*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.

In*vit"ri*fi`a*ble (?), a. Not admitting of being vitrified, or converted into glass. Kirwan.

In"vo*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invocating (?).] [L. invocatus, p. p. of invocare. See Invoke.] To invoke; to call on, or for, in supplication; to implore.

If Dagon be thy god,
Go to his temple, invocate his aid.
Milton.

In`vo*ca"tion (?), n. [F. invocation, L. invocatio.]

1. The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being; earnest and solemn entreaty; esp., prayer offered to a divine being.

Sweet invocation of a child; most pretty and pathetical!
Shak.

The whole poem is a prayer to Fortune, and the invocation is divided between the two deities.
Addison.

2. (Law) A call or summons; especially, a judicial call, demand, or order; as, the invocation of papers or evidence into court.

In"vo*ca*to*ry (?), a. Making or containing invocation; invoking.

In"voice` (?), n. [F. envois things sent, goods forwarded, pl. of envoi a sending or things sent, fr. envoyer to send; cf. F. lettre d'envoi letter of advice of goods forwarded. See Envoy.]

1. (Com.) A written account of the particulars of merchandise shipped or sent to a purchaser, consignee, factor, etc., with the value or prices and charges annexed. Wharton.

2. The lot or set of goods as shipped or received; as, the merchant receives a large invoice of goods.

In"voice`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invoiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invoicing (?).] To make a written list or account of, as goods to be sent to a consignee; to insert in a priced list; to write or enter in an invoice.

Goods, wares, and merchandise imported from Norway, and invoiced in the current dollar of Norway.
Madison.

In*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invoking.] [F. invoquer, L. invocare; pref. in- in, on + vocare to call, fr. vox voice. See Voice, and cf. Invocate.] To call on for aid or protection; to invite earnestly or solemnly; to summon; to address in prayer; to solicit or demand by invocation; to implore; as, to invoke the Supreme Being, or to invoke His and blessing.

Go, my dread lord, to your great grandsire's tomb, . . .
Invoke his warlike spirit.
Shak.

In*vol"u*cel (?; 277), n. [Dim. of involucre, or involucrum: cf. F. involucelle.] (Bot.) A partial, secondary, or small involucre. See Illust. of Involucre.

In`vo*lu"cel*late (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with involucels.

||In`vo*lu*cel"lum (?), n.; pl. Involucella (#). [NL.] See Involucel.

In`vo*lu"cral (?), a. [Cf. F. involucral.] Pertaining to, possessing, or like, an involucrum.

{ In`vo*lu"crate (?), In`vo*lu"cra*ted (?), } a. (Bot.) Having an involucre; involucred.

In"vo*lu`cre (?; 277), n. [L. involucrum a covering, wrapper, fr. involvere to wrap up, envelop: cf. F. involucre. See Involve.] (Bot.) (a) A whorl or set of bracts around a flower, umbel, or head. (b) A continuous marginal covering of sporangia, in certain ferns, as in the common brake, or the cup-shaped processes of the filmy ferns. (c) The peridium or volva of certain fungi. Called also involucrum.

In"vo*lu`cred (?), a. (Bot.) Having an involucre, as umbels, heads, etc. Martyn.

In`vo*lu"cret (?), n. (Bot.) An involucel.

||In`vo*lu"crum (?), n.; pl. L. Involucra (#), E. Involucrums (#). [L. See Involucre.]

1. (Bot.) See Involucre.

2. (Zoöl.) A sheath which surrounds the base of the lasso cells in the Siphonophora.

In*vol"un*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. [From Involuntary.] In an involuntary manner; not voluntarily; not intentionally or willingly.

In*vol"un*ta*ri*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being involuntary; unwillingness; automatism.

In*vol"un*ta*ry (?), a. [L. involuntarius. See In- not, and Voluntary.]

1. Not having will or the power of choice.

2. Not under the influence or control of the will; not voluntary; as, the involuntary movements of the body; involuntary muscle fibers.

3. Not proceeding from choice; done unwillingly; reluctant; compulsory; as, involuntary submission.

{ In"vo*lute (?), In"vo*lu`ted (?), } a. [L. involutus, p. p. of involvere. See Involve.] 1. (Bot.) Rolled inward from the edges; -- said of leaves in vernation, or of the petals of flowers in æstivation. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Turned inward at the margin, as the exterior lip of the Cyprea. (b) Rolled inward spirally.

In"vo*lute, n. (Geom.) A curve traced by the end of a string wound upon another curve, or unwound from it; -- called also evolvent. See Evolute.

In`vo*lu"tion (?), n. [L. involutio: cf. F. involution. See Involve.]

1. The act of involving or infolding.

2. The state of being entangled or involved; complication; entanglement.

All things are mixed, and causes blended, by mutual involutions.
Glanvill.

3. That in which anything is involved, folded, or wrapped; envelope. Sir T. Browne.

4. (Gram.) The insertion of one or more clauses between the subject and the verb, in a way that involves or complicates the construction.

5. (Math.) The act or process of raising a quantity to any power assigned; the multiplication of a quantity into itself a given number of times; -- the reverse of evolution.

6. (Geom.) The relation which exists between three or more sets of points, a.a′, b.b′, c.c′, so related to a point O on the line, that the product Oa.Oa′ = Ob.Ob′ = Oc.Oc′ is constant. Sets of lines or surfaces possessing corresponding properties may be in involution.

7. (Med.) The return of an enlarged part or organ to its normal size, as of the uterus after pregnancy.

In*volve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Involved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Involving.] [L. involvere, involutum, to roll about, wrap up; pref. in- in + volvere to roll: cf. OF. involver. See Voluble, and cf. Involute.]

1. To roll or fold up; to wind round; to entwine.

Some of serpent kind . . . involved
Their snaky folds.
Milton.

2. To envelop completely; to surround; to cover; to hide; to involve in darkness or obscurity.

And leave a singèd bottom all involved
With stench and smoke.
Milton.

3. To complicate or make intricate, as in grammatical structure. "Involved discourses." Locke.

4. To connect with something as a natural or logical consequence or effect; to include necessarily; to imply.

He knows
His end with mine involved.
Milton.

The contrary necessarily involves a contradiction.
Tillotson.

5. To take in; to gather in; to mingle confusedly; to blend or merge. [R.]

The gathering number, as it moves along,
Involves a vast involuntary throng.
Pope.

Earth with hell
To mingle and involve.
Milton.

6. To envelop, infold, entangle, or embarrass; as, to involve a person in debt or misery.

7. To engage thoroughly; to occupy, employ, or absorb. "Involved in a deep study." Sir W. Scott.

8. (Math.) To raise to any assigned power; to multiply, as a quantity, into itself a given number of times; as, a quantity involved to the third or fourth power.

Syn. -- To imply; include; implicate; complicate; entangle; embarrass; overwhelm. -- To Involve, Imply. Imply is opposed to express, or set forth; thus, an implied engagement is one fairly to be understood from the words used or the circumstances of the case, though not set forth in form. Involve goes beyond the mere interpretation of things into their necessary relations; and hence, if one thing involves another, it so contains it that the two must go together by an indissoluble connection. War, for example, involves wide spread misery and death; the premises of a syllogism involve the conclusion.

In*volved" (?), a. (Zoöl.) Same as Involute.

In*volv"ed*ness (?), n. The state of being involved.

In*volve"ment (?), n. The act of involving, or the state of being involved. Lew Wallace.

In*vul"gar (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + vulgar.] To cause to become or appear vulgar. [Obs.] Daniel.

In*vul"gar, a. [Pref. in- not + vulgar.] Not vulgar; refined; elegant. [Obs.] Drayton.

In*vul"ner*a*bil`i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. invulnérabilité.] Quality or state of being invulnerable.

In*vul"ner*a*ble (?), a. [L. invulnerabilis: cf. F. invulnérable. See In- not, and Vulnerable.]

1. Incapable of being wounded, or of receiving injury.

Neither vainly hope
To be invulnerable in those bright arms.
Milton.

2. Unanswerable; irrefutable; that can not be refuted or convinced; as, an invulnerable argument.

In*vul"ner*a*ble*ness, n. Invulnerability.

In*vul"ner*ate (?), a. [L. invulneratus unwounded.] Invulnerable.

In*wall" (&ibreve;n*w&add;l"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inwalled (-w&add;ld"); p. pr. & vb. n. Inwalling.] To inclose or fortify as with a wall. Spenser.

In"wall` (&ibreve;n"w&add;l`), n. An inner wall; specifically (Metal.), the inner wall, or lining, of a blast furnace.

In"ward (&ibreve;n*w&etilde;rd), a. [AS. inweard, inneweard, innanweard, fr. innan, inne, within (fr. in in; see In) + the suffix -weard, E. -ward.]

1. Being or placed within; inner; interior; - - opposed to outward. Milton.

2. Seated in the mind, heart, spirit, or soul. "Inward beauty." Shak.

3. Intimate; domestic; private. [Obs.]

All my inward friends abhorred me.
Job xix. 19.

He had had occasion, by one very inward with him, to know in part the discourse of his life.
Sir P. Sidney.

In"ward, n. 1. That which is inward or within; especially, in the plural, the inner parts or organs of the body; the viscera. Jer. Taylor.

Then sacrificing, laid the inwards and their fat.
Milton.

2. The mental faculties; -- usually pl. [Obs.]

3. An intimate or familiar friend or acquaintance. [Obs.] "I was an inward of his." Shak.

{ In"ward (?), In"wards (?), } adv. [AS. inweard. The ending -s is prop. a genitive ending. See Inward, a., -wards.]

1. Toward the inside; toward the center or interior; as, to bend a thing inward.

2. Into, or toward, the mind or thoughts; inwardly; as, to turn the attention inward.

So much the rather, thou Celestial Light,
Shine inward.
Milton.

In"ward*ly (?), adv. [AS. inweardlice.]

1. In the inner parts; internally.

Let Benedick, like covered fire,
Consume away in sighs, waste inwardly.
Shak.

2. Toward the center; inward; as, to curve inwardly.

3. In the heart or mind; mentally; privately; secretly; as, he inwardly repines.

4. Intimately; thoroughly. [Obs.]

I shall desire to know him more inwardly.
Beau. & Fl.

In"ward*ness, n. 1. Internal or true state; essential nature; as, the inwardness of conduct.

Sense can not arrive to the inwardness
Of things.
Dr. H. More.

2. Intimacy; familiarity. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Heartiness; earnestness.

What was wanted was more inwardness, more feeling.
M. Arnold.

In"wards (?), adv. See Inward.

In*weave" (?), v. t. To weave in or together; to intermix or intertwine by weaving; to interlace.

Down they cast
Their crowns, inwove with amaranth and gold.
Milton.

In*wheel" (?), v. t. To encircle. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

In"wit (?), n. Inward sense; mind; understanding; conscience. [Obs.] Wyclif.

In*with" (?), prep. Within. [Obs.]

This purse hath she inwith her bosom hid.
Chaucer.

In*work" (?), v. t. & i. [Pref. in- + work. Cf. Inwrought.] To work in or within.

In"worn` (?), p. a. Worn, wrought, or stamped in. [R.] Milton.

In*wrap" (?), v. t. [Written also enwrap.]

1. To cover by wrapping; to involve; to infold; as, to inwrap in a cloak, in smoke, etc.

2. To involve, as in difficulty or perplexity; to perplex. [R.] Bp. Hall.

In*wreathe" (?), v. t. To surround or encompass as with a wreath. [Written also enwreathe.]

Resplendent locks, inwreathed with beams.
Milton.

In*wrought" (?), p. p. or a. [Pref. in- + wrought. Cf. Inwork.] Wrought or worked in or among other things; worked into any fabric so as to from a part of its texture; wrought or adorned, as with figures.

His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge,
Inwrought with figures dim.
Milton.

I"o (?), n.; pl. Ios (#). [L.; cf. Gr. "iw`.] An exclamation of joy or triumph; -- often interjectional.

I"od- (?). (Chem.) See Iodo- .

I"o*dal (ī"&osl;*dal), n. [Iod- + alcohol.] (Chem.) An oily liquid, CI3.CHO, analogous to chloral and bromal.

I"o*date (ī"&osl;*d&asl;t), n. (Chem.) A salt of iodic acid.

I`od*hy"drin (?), n. [Iod- + chlorhydrin.] (Chem.) One of a series of compounds containing iodine, and analogous to the chlorhydrins.

I*od"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. iodique. See Iodine.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, iodine; specif., denoting those compounds in which it has a relatively high valence; as, iodic acid.

Iodic acid, a monobasic acid, consisting of iodine with three parts of oxygen and one of hydrogen.

I"o*dide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as binary; as, potassium iodide.

I"o*dine (ī"&osl;*d&ibreve;n or -dēn; 104), n. [Gr. 'iw`dhs violetlike; 'i`on a violet + e'i^dos form: cf. F. iode, iodine. The name was given from the violet color of its vapor. See Violet, Idyl.] (Chem.) A nonmetallic element, of the halogen group, occurring always in combination, as in the iodides. When isolated it is in the form of dark gray metallic scales, resembling plumbago, soft but brittle, and emitting a chlorinelike odor. Symbol I. Atomic weight 126.5. If heated, iodine volatilizes in beautiful violet vapors.

&fist; Iodine was formerly obtained from the ashes of seaweed (kelp or varec), but is now also extracted from certain natural brines. In the free state, iodine, even in very minute quantities, colors starch blue. Iodine and its compounds are largely used in medicine (as in liniments, antisyphilitics, etc.), in photography, in the preparation of aniline dyes, and as an indicator in titration.

Iodine green, an artificial green dyestuff, consisting of an iodine derivative of rosaniline; -- called also night green. -- Iodine scarlet, a pigment of an intense scarlet color, consisting of mercuric iodide. -- Iodine yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment, consisting of plumbic iodide.

I"o*dism (?), n. (Med.) A morbid state produced by the use of iodine and its compounds, and characterized by palpitation, depression, and general emaciation, with a pustular eruption upon the skin.

I"o*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iodized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iodizing (?).] To treat or impregnate with iodine or its compounds; as, to iodize a plate for photography. R. Hunt.

I"o*di`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, iodizes.

{ I"o*do- (?), I"od- (?). } (Chem.) A prefix, or combining from, indicating iodine as an ingredient; as, iodoform.

I*od"o*form (?), n. [Iodo- + formyl. See Formyl, and cf. Chloroform.] (Chem.) A yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, CI3H, having an offensive odor and sweetish taste, and analogous to chloroform. It is used in medicine as a healing and antiseptic dressing for wounds and sores.

I`o*do*qui"nine (?), n. [Iodo- + quinine.] (Chem.) A iodide of quinine obtained as a brown substance. It is the base of herapathite. See Herapathite.

I"o*dous (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, iodine. See -ous (chemical suffix).

Iodous acid, a hypothetical acid, analogous to chlorous acid.

I*od"u*ret (?), n. (Chem.) Iodide. [Obs.]

I*od"y*rite (?), n. [From Iodine.] (Min.) Silver iodide, a mineral of a yellowish color.

I"o*lite (ī"&osl;*līt), n. [Gr. 'i`on a violet + -lite.] (Min.) A silicate of alumina, iron, and magnesia, having a bright blue color and vitreous luster; cordierite. It is remarkable for its dichroism, and is also called dichroite.

I"o moth` (?; 115). (Zoöl.) A large and handsome American moth (Hyperchiria Io), having a large, bright-colored spot on each hind wing, resembling the spots on the tail of a peacock. The larva is covered with prickly hairs, which sting like nettles.

-ion (?; 106). [L. -io, acc. -ionem: cf. F. -ion.] A noun suffix denoting act, process, result of an act or a process, thing acted upon, state, or condition; as, revolution, the act or process of revolving; construction, the act or process of constructing; a thing constructed; dominion, territory ruled over; subjection, state of being subject; dejection; abstraction.

I"on (ī"&obreve;n), n. [Gr. 'io`n, neut, of 'iw`n, p. pr. of 'ie`nai to go.] (Elec. Chem.) One of the elements which appear at the respective poles when a body is subjected to electro-chemical decomposition. Cf. Anion, Cation.

I*o"ni*an (?), a. [L. Ionius. See Ionic.] Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians; Ionic. -- n. A native or citizen of Ionia.

I*on"ic (?), a. [L. Ionicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Ionia.]

1. Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians.

2. (Arch.) Pertaining to the Ionic order of architecture, one of the three orders invented by the Greeks, and one of the five recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. Its distinguishing feature is a capital with spiral volutes. See Illust. of Capital.

Ionic dialect (Gr. Gram.), a dialect of the Greek language, used in Ionia. The Homeric poems are written in what is designated old Ionic, as distinguished from new Ionic, or Attic, the dialect of all cultivated Greeks in the period of Athenian prosperity and glory. -- Ionic foot. (Pros.) See Ionic, n., 1. -- Ionic, or Ionian, mode (Mus.), an ancient mode, supposed to correspond with the modern major scale of C. -- Ionic sect, a sect of philosophers founded by Thales of Miletus, in Ionia. Their distinguishing tenet was, that water is the original principle of all things. -- Ionic type, a kind of heavy- faced type (as that of the following line).

&fist;This is Nonpareil Ionic.

I*on"ic, n. 1. (Pros.) (a) A foot consisting of four syllables: either two long and two short, -- that is, a spondee and a pyrrhic, in which case it is called the greater Ionic; or two short and two long, -- that is, a pyrrhic and a spondee, in which case it is called the smaller Ionic. (b) A verse or meter composed or consisting of Ionic feet.

2. The Ionic dialect; as, the Homeric Ionic.

3. (Print.) Ionic type.

||I`o*nid"i*um (?), n. [NL. Cf. Iodine.] (Bot.) A genus of violaceous plants, chiefly found in tropical America, some species of which are used as substitutes for ipecacuanha.

I"o*qua shell` (?). [From the native name.] (Zoöl.) The shell of a large Dentalium (D. pretiosum), formerly used as shell money, and for ornaments, by the Indians of the west coast of North America.

I*o"ta (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 'iw^ta. See Jot.]

1. The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet (ι) corresponding with the English i.

2. A very small quantity or degree; a jot; a particle.

They never depart an iota from the authentic formulas of tyranny and usurpation.
Burke.

Iota subscript (Gr. Gram.), iota written beneath a preceding vowel, as a,, h,, w,, -- done when iota is silent.

I*o"ta*cism (&isl;*ō"t&adot;*s&ibreve;z'm), n. [Gr. 'iotakismo`s a laying too much stress upon the iota (ι): cf. F. iotacisme. See Iota.] The frequent use of the sound of iota (that of English e in be), as among the modern Greeks; also, confusion from sounding ε, ι, η, υ, ει, etc., like ι. Littré.

I O U (?). [i. e., I owe you.] A paper having on it these letters, with a sum named, and duly signed; -- in use in England as an acknowledgment of a debt, and taken as evidence thereof, but not amounting to a promissory note; a due bill. Wharton. Story.

I"o*was (?), n. pl.; sing. Iowa. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians which formerly occupied the region now included in the State of Iowa.

Ip"e*cac (&ibreve;p"&esl;*kăk), n. An abbreviation of Ipecacuanha, and in more frequent use.

Ip`e*cac`u*an"ha (&ibreve;p`&esl;*kăk`&usl;*ăn"&adot;), n. [Pg. ipecacuanha (cf. Sp. ipecacuana); fr. Braz. ipe-kaa-guena, prop., a creeping plant that causes vomiting.] (Med. & Bot.) The root of a Brazilian rubiaceous herb (Cephaëlis Ipecacuanha), largely employed as an emetic; also, the plant itself; also, a medicinal extract of the root. Many other plants are used as a substitutes; among them are the black or Peruvian ipecac (Psychotria emetica), the white ipecac (Ionidium Ipecacuanha), the bastard or wild ipecac (Asclepias Curassavica), and the undulated ipecac (Richardsonia scabra).

Ip"o*cras (?), n. Hippocras. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Ip`o*mœ"a (&ibreve;p`&osl;*mē"&adot;), n. [NL. "Named, according to Linnæus, from Gr. 'i`ps, 'ipo`s, a bindweed [which it is not], and "o`moios like." Gray.] (Bot.) A genus of twining plants with showy monopetalous flowers, including the morning-glory, the sweet potato, and the cypress vine.

Ip`o*mœ"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the oxidation of convolvulin (obtained from jalap, the tubers of Ipomœa purga), and identical in most of its properties with sebacic acid.

Ir- (?). A form of the prefix in-. See In- .

I"ra*cund (?), a. [L. iracundus, fr. ira anger.] Irascible; choleric. "Iracund people." Carlyle.

I*ra"de (&esl;*rä"d&asl;), n. [Turk.] A decree of the Sultan.

I`ran" (ē`rän"), n. [Mod. Persian Irān. Cf. Aryan.] The native name of Persia.

I*ra"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Iran. -- n. A native of Iran; also, the Iranian or Persian language, a division of the Aryan family of languages.

I*ran"ic (?), a. Iranian.

I*ras`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. irascibilité.] The quality or state of being irascible; irritability of temper; irascibleness.

I*ras"ci*ble (?), a. [L. irascibilis, fr. irasci to be angry, ira anger: cf. F. irascible. See Ire.] Prone to anger; easily provoked or inflamed to anger; choleric; irritable; as, an irascible man; an irascible temper or mood. -- I*ras"ci*ble*ness, n. -- I*ras"ci*bly, adv.

I*rate" (?), a. [L. iratus, fr. irasci to be angry. See Ire.] Angry; incensed; enraged. [Recent]

The irate colonel . . . stood speechless.
Thackeray.

Mr. Jaggers suddenly became most irate.
Dickens.

Ire (?), n. [F., fr. L. ira.] Anger; wrath. [Poet.]

Syn. -- Anger; passion; rage; fury. See Anger.

Ire"ful (?), a. Full of ire; angry; wroth. "The ireful bastard Orleans." Shak. -- Ire"ful*ly, adv.

Ire"ful*ness, n. Wrathfulness. Wyclif.

I"re*narch (?), n. [L. irenarcha, irenarches, Gr. &?;; &?; peace + &?; to rule.] (Gr. Antiq.) An officer in the Greek empire having functions corresponding to those of a justice of the peace. [Written also eirenarch.]

{ I*ren"ic (?), I*ren"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;.] Fitted or designed to promote peace; pacific; conciliatory; peaceful. Bp. Hall.

||I*ren"i*con (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; peaceful, fr. &?; peace.] A proposition or device for securing peace, especially in the church. South.

I*ren"ics (?), n. (Eccl.) That branch of Christian science which treats of the methods of securing unity among Christians or harmony and union among the churches; -- called also Irenical theology. Schaff- Herzog.

Ire"stone` (?), n. (Mining) Any very hard rock.

I"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the iris. "Irian nerves." Dunglison.

I"ri*cism (?), n. Irishism. [R.] Jeffrey.

{ Ir`i*da"ceous (?), I*rid"e*ous (?), } a. [From NL. Iris, Iridis, the Iris.] (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a large natural order of endogenous plants (Iridaceæ), which includes the genera Iris, Ixia, Crocus, Gladiolus, and many others.

I"ri*dal (?; 277), a. [L. iris, iridis, rainbow. See Iris.] Of or pertaining to the iris or rainbow; prismatic; as, the iridal colors. Whewell.

Ir`i*dec"to*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, iris + &?; cutting out; &?; out + te`mnein to cut.] (Surg.) The act or process of cutting out a portion of the iris in order to form an artificial pupil.

Ir`i*des"cence (?), n. [See Iridescent.] Exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; the quality or state of being iridescent; a prismatic play of color; as, the iridescence of mother-of-pearl.

Ir`i*des"cent (?; 277), a. [L. iris, iridis, the rainbow: cf. F. iridescent.] Having colors like the rainbow; exhibiting a play of changeable colors; nacreous; prismatic; as, iridescent glass.

I*rid"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the iris or rainbow.

I*rid"i*a`ted (?), a. Iridescent.

I*rid"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the iris of the eye.

I*rid"ic, a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to iridium; -- said specifically of those compounds in which iridium has a relatively high valence.

I*rid"i*o*scope (?), n. [See Iris, and -scope.] A kind of ophthalmoscope.

I*rid"i*ous (&isl;*r&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*ŭs), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to iridium; -- applied specifically to compounds in which iridium has a low valence.

I*rid"i*um (&isl;*r&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*ŭm), n. [NL., fr. L. iris, iridis, the rainbow. So called from the iridescence of some of its solutions. See Iris.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of the same group as platinum, which it much resembles, being silver-white, but harder, and brittle, and indifferent to most corrosive agents. With the exception of osmium, it is the heaviest substance known, its specific gravity being 22.4. Symbol Ir. Atomic weight 192.5.

&fist; Iridium usually occurs as a native alloy with osmium (iridosmine or osmiridium), which may occur alone or with platinum. Iridium, as an alloy with platinum, is used in bushing the vents of heavy ordnance. It is also used for the points of gold pens, and in a finely powdered condition (iridium black), for painting porcelain black.

Ir"i*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iridized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iridizing (?).]

1. To point or tip with iridium, as a gold pen.

2. To make iridescent; as, to iridize glass.

I*rid"o*line (?), n. [Iridescent + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous base C10H9N, extracted from coal-tar naphtha, as an oily liquid. It is a member of the quinoline series, and is probably identical with lepidine.

{ Ir`i*dos"mine (?), Ir`i*dos"mi*um (?), } n. [Iridium + osmium.] (Min.) The native compound of iridium and osmium. It is found in flattened metallic grains of extreme hardness, and is often used for pointing gold pens.

I"ris (?), n.; pl. E. Irises (#), L. Irides (#). [L. iris, iridis, the goddess, Gr. &?;, &?;, the rainbow, iris of the eye, the plant Iris. Cf. Orris.] 1. (Class. Myth.) The goddess of the rainbow, and swift-footed messenger of the gods. Shak.

2. The rainbow. Sir T. Browne.

3. An appearance resembling the rainbow; a prismatic play of colors. Tennyson.

4. (Anat.) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, and forming the colored portion of the eye. See Eye.

5. (Bot.) A genus of plants having showy flowers and bulbous or tuberous roots, of which the flower-de- luce (fleur-de-lis), orris, and other species of flag are examples. See Illust. of Flower-de-luce.

6. (Her.) See Fleur-de-lis, 2.

I"ris*a`ted (?), a. [See Iris.] Exhibiting the prismatic colors; irised; iridescent. W. Phillips.

I"ri*scope (?), n. [Iris + - scope.] A philosophical toy for exhibiting the prismatic tints by means of thin films.

I"rised (?), a. [See Iris.] Having colors like those of the rainbow; iridescent. Holmes.

I"rish (?), a. [AS. &?;risc, fr. &?;ras the Irish. Cf. Aryan, Erse.] Of or pertaining to Ireland or to its inhabitants; produced in Ireland.

Irish elk. (Zoöl.) See under Elk. -- Irish moss. (a) (Bot.) Carrageen. (b) A preparation of the same made into a blanc mange. -- Irish poplin. See Poplin. -- Irish potato, the ordinary white potato, so called because it is a favorite article of food in Ireland. -- Irish reef, or Irishman's reef (Naut.), the head of a sail tied up. -- Irish stew, meat, potatoes, and onions, cut in small pieces and stewed.

I*rish", n. sing. & pl. 1. pl. The natives or inhabitants of Ireland, esp. the Celtic natives or their descendants.

2. The language of the Irish; the Hiberno- Celtic.

3. An old game resembling backgammon.

I*rish"ism (?), n. A mode of speaking peculiar to the Irish; an Hibernicism.

I"rish*man (?), n.; pl. Irishmen (&?;). A man born in Ireland or of the Irish race; an Hibernian.

Irishman's hurricane (Naut.), a dead calm. -- Irishman's reef. (Naut.) See Irish reef, under Irish, a.

I"rish*ry (?), n. The Celtic people of Ireland. "The whole Irishry of rebels." Milton.

||I*ri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Iris, and -itis.] (Med.) An inflammation of the iris of the eye.

Irk (&etilde;rk), v. t. [OE. irken to tire, become tired; cf. Sw. yrka to urge, enforce, press, or G. ekel disgust, MHG. erklich disgusting; perh. akin to L. urgere to urge, E. urge.] To weary; to give pain; to annoy; -- used only impersonally at present.

To see this sight, it irks my very soul.
Shak.

It irketh him to be here.
M. Arnold.

Irk"some (?), a. 1. Wearisome; tedious; disagreeable or troublesome by reason of long continuance or repetition; as, irksome hours; irksome tasks.

For not to irksome toil, but to delight,
He made us.
Milton.

2. Weary; vexed; uneasy. [Obs.]

Let us therefore learn not to be irksome when God layeth his cross upon us.
Latimer.

Syn. -- Wearisome; tedious; tiresome; vexatious; burdensome. -- Irksome, Wearisome, Tedious. These epithets describe things which give pain or disgust. Irksome is applied to something which disgusts by its nature or quality; as, an irksome task. Wearisome denotes that which wearies or wears us out by severe labor; as, wearisome employment. Tedious is applied to something which tires us out by the length of time occupied in its performance; as, a tedious speech.

Wearisome nights are appointed to me.
Job vii. 3.

Pity only on fresh objects stays,
But with the tedious sight of woes decays.
Dryden.

-- Irk"some*ly, adv. -- Irk"some*ness, n.

I"ron (ī"ŭrn), n. [OE. iren, AS. īren, īsen, īsern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. īsarn, OHG. īsarn, īsan, G. eisen, Icel. īsarn, jārn, Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W. haiarn, Armor. houarn.]

1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element, being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast iron, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic weight 55.9. Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is superior to all other substances.

&fist; The value of iron is largely due to the facility with which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and generating furnace).

2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.

My young soldier, put up your iron.
Shak.

3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.

Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
Macaulay.

4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with a rod of iron.

Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below). -- Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog. -- Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary. -- Fire irons. See under Fire, n. -- Gray irons. See under Fire, n. -- Gray iron. See Cast iron (above). -- It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill away on either tack. -- Magnetic iron. See Magnetite. -- Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less brittle, and to some extent malleable. -- Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite. -- Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast furnace, being run into molds, called pigs. -- Reduced iron. See under Reduced. -- Specular iron. See Hematite. -- Too many irons in the fire, too many objects requiring the attention at once. -- White iron. See Cast iron (above). -- Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly known in the arts, containing only about half of one per cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore, as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying (puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed into bars, it is called bar iron.

I"ron (ī"ŭrn), a. [AS. īren, īsen. See Iron, n.]

1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust.

2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness.

3. Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of endurance, insensibility, etc.; as:

(a) Rude; hard; harsh; severe.

Iron years of wars and dangers.
Rowe.

Jove crushed the nations with an iron rod.
Pope.

(b) Firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution.

(c) Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will.

(d) Not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious. "Him death's iron sleep oppressed." Philips.

&fist; Iron is often used in composition, denoting made of iron, relating to iron, of or with iron; producing iron, etc.; resembling iron, literally or figuratively, in some of its properties or characteristics; as, iron-shod, iron-sheathed, iron-fisted, iron-framed, iron-handed, iron-hearted, iron foundry or iron-foundry.

Iron age. (a) (Myth.) The age following the golden, silver, and bronze ages, and characterized by a general degeneration of talent and virtue, and of literary excellence. In Roman literature the Iron Age is commonly regarded as beginning after the taking of Rome by the Goths, A. D. 410. (b) (Archæol.) That stage in the development of any people characterized by the use of iron implements in the place of the more cumbrous stone and bronze. -- Iron cement, a cement for joints, composed of cast-iron borings or filings, sal ammoniac, etc. -- Iron clay (Min.), a yellowish clay containing a large proportion of an ore of iron. -- Iron cross, a Prussian order of military merit; also, the decoration of the order. -- Iron crown, a golden crown set with jewels, belonging originally to the Lombard kings, and indicating the dominion of Italy. It was so called from containing a circle said to have been forged from one of the nails in the cross of Christ. -- Iron flint (Min.), an opaque, flintlike, ferruginous variety of quartz. -- Iron founder, a maker of iron castings. -- Iron foundry, the place where iron castings are made. - - Iron furnace, a furnace for reducing iron from the ore, or for melting iron for castings, etc.; a forge; a reverberatory; a bloomery. -- Iron glance (Min.), hematite. -- Iron hat, a headpiece of iron or steel, shaped like a hat with a broad brim, and used as armor during the Middle Ages. -- Iron horse, a locomotive engine. [Colloq.] -- Iron liquor, a solution of an iron salt, used as a mordant by dyers. -- Iron man (Cotton Manuf.), a name for the self-acting spinning mule. -- Iron mold or mould, a yellow spot on cloth stained by rusty iron. -- Iron ore (Min.), any native compound of iron from which the metal may be profitably extracted. The principal ores are magnetite, hematite, siderite, limonite, Göthite, turgite, and the bog and clay iron ores. -- Iron pyrites (Min.), common pyrites, or pyrite. See Pyrites. -- Iron sand, an iron ore in grains, usually the magnetic iron ore, formerly used to sand paper after writing. -- Iron scale, the thin film which forms on the surface of wrought iron in the process of forging. It consists essentially of the magnetic oxide of iron, Fe3O4. -- Iron works, a furnace where iron is smelted, or a forge, rolling mill, or foundry, where it is made into heavy work, such as shafting, rails, cannon, merchant bar, etc.

I"ron, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ironed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ironing.]

1. To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes used with out.

2. To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff. "Ironed like a malefactor." Sir W. Scott.

3. To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.

I"ron*bark` tree` (?). (Bot.) The Australian Eucalyptus Sideroxylon, used largely by carpenters and shipbuilders; -- called also ironwood.

I"ron*bound` (?), a. 1. Bound as with iron; rugged; as, an ironbound coast.

2. Rigid; unyielding; as, ironbound traditions.

I"ron-cased` (?), a. Cased or covered with iron, as a vessel; ironclad.

I"ron*clad` (?), a. 1. Clad in iron; protected or covered with iron, as a vessel for naval warfare.

2. Rigorous; severe; exacting; as, an ironclad oath or pledge. [Colloq.]

I"ron*clad`, n. A naval vessel having the parts above water covered and protected by iron or steel usually in large plates closely joined and made sufficiently thick and strong to resist heavy shot.

I"ron*er (?), n. One who, or that which, irons.

I"ron-fist`ed (?), a. Closefisted; stingy; mean.

I"ron-gray` (?), a. Of a gray color, somewhat resembling that of iron freshly broken. -- n. An iron-gray color; also, a horse of this color.

I"ron*heads` (?), n. (Bot.) A European composite herb (Centaurea nigra); -- so called from the resemblance of its knobbed head to an iron ball fixed on a long handle. Dr. Prior.

I"ron-heart`ed (?), a. Hard- hearted; unfeeling; cruel; as, an iron-hearted master. Cowper.

I*ron"ic (?), a. Ironical. Sir T. Herbert.

I*ron"ic*al (?), a. [LL. ironicus, Gr. &?; dissembling: cf. F. ironique. See Irony.]

1. Pertaining to irony; containing, expressing, or characterized by, irony; as, an ironical remark.

2. Addicted to the use of irony; given to irony.

-- I*ron"ic*al*ly, adv. -- I*ron"ic*al*ness, n.

I"ron*ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of smoothing, as clothes, with hot flatirons.

2. The clothes ironed.

Ironing board, a flat board, upon which clothes are laid while being ironed.

I"ron*ish, a. Resembling iron, as in taste. Wood.

I"ron*ist (?), n. One who uses irony.

I"ron*mas`ter (?), n. A manufacturer of iron, or large dealer therein. Bp. Hurd.

I"ron*mon`ger (?), n. A dealer in iron or hardware.

I"ron*mon`ger*y (?), n. Hardware; a general name for all articles made of iron. Gwilt.

I"ron-sick` (?), a. (Naut.) Having the ironwork loose or corroded; -- said of a ship when her bolts and nails are so eaten with rust that she has become leaky.

I"ron-sid`ed (?), a. Having iron sides, or very firm sides.

I"ron*sides" (?), n. A cuirassier or cuirassiers; also, hardy veteran soldiers; -- applied specifically to Cromwell's cavalry.

I"ron*smith` (?), n. 1. A worker in iron; one who makes and repairs utensils of iron; a blacksmith.

2. (Zoöl.) An East Indian barbet (Megalaima faber), inhabiting the Island of Hainan. The name alludes to its note, which resembles the sounds made by a smith.

I"ron*stone` (?), n. A hard, earthy ore of iron.

Clay ironstone. See under Clay. -- Ironstone china, a hard white pottery, first made in England during the 18th century.

I"ron*ware` (?), n. Articles made of iron, as household utensils, tools, and the like.

I"ron*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A tall weed with purplish flowers (Vernonia Noveboracensis). The name is also applied to other plants of the same genus.

I"ron*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A tree unusually hard, strong, or heavy wood.

&fist; In the United States, the hornbeam and the hop hornbeam are so called; also the Olneya Tesota, a small tree of Arizona; in the West Indies, the Erythroxylon areolatum, and several other unrelated trees; in China, the Metrosideros vera; in India, the Mesua ferrea, and two species of Inga; in Australia, the Eucalyptus Sideroxylon, and in many countries, species of Sideroxylon and Diospyros, and many other trees.

I"ron*work` (?), n. Anything made of iron; -- a general name of such parts or pieces of a building, vessel, carriage, etc., as consist of iron.

I"ron works`. See under Iron, a.

I"ron*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An herb of the Mint family (Sideritis), supposed to heal sword cuts; also, a species of Galeopsis.

I"ron*y (?), a. [From Iron.]

1. Made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; iron; as, irony chains; irony particles. [R.] Woodward.

2. Resembling iron in taste, hardness, or other physical property.

I"ron*y (?), n. [L. ironia, Gr. &?; dissimulation, fr. &?; a dissembler in speech, fr. &?; to speak; perh. akin to E. word: cf. F. ironie.]

1. Dissimulation; ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist.

2. A sort of humor, ridicule, or light sarcasm, which adopts a mode of speech the meaning of which is contrary to the literal sense of the words.

Ir`o*quois" (?), n. sing. & pl. [F.] (Ethnol.) A powerful and warlike confederacy of Indian tribes, formerly inhabiting Central New York and constituting most of the Five Nations. Also, any Indian of the Iroquois tribes.

I"rous (?), a. [OF. iros, from ire. See Ire.] Irascible; passionate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Irp, Irpe } (&etilde;rp), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A fantastic grimace or contortion of the body. [Obs.]

Smirks and irps and all affected humors.
B. Jonson.

Irp (&etilde;rp), a. Making irps. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

{ Ir*ra"di*ance (&ibreve;r*rā"d&ibreve;*ans), Ir*ra"di*an*cy (- an*s&ybreve;), } n. [From Irradiant.]

1. The act of irradiating; emission of rays of light.

2. That which irradiates or is irradiated; luster; splendor; irradiation; brilliancy. Milton.

Ir*ra"di*ant (?), a. [L. irradians, -antis, p. pr. See Irradiate.] Irradiating or illuminating; as, the irradiant moon. Boyse.

Ir*ra"di*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irradiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Irradiating (?).] [L. irradiatus, p. p. of irradiate. See In- in, and Radiate.]

1. To throw rays of light upon; to illuminate; to brighten; to adorn with luster.

Thy smile irradiates yon blue fields.
Sir W. Jones.

2. To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; as, to irradiate the mind. Bp. Bull.

3. To animate by heat or light. Sir M. Hale.

4. To radiate, shed, or diffuse.

A splendid façade, . . . irradiating hospitality.
H. James.

Ir*ra"di*ate, v. i. To emit rays; to shine.

Ir*ra"di*ate (?), a. [L. irradiatus, p. p.] Illuminated; irradiated. Mason.

Ir*ra`di*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. irradiation.]

1. Act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated.

2. Illumination; irradiance; brilliancy. Sir W. Scott.

3. Fig.: Mental light or illumination. Sir M. Hale.

4. (Opt.) The apparent enlargement of a bright object seen upon a dark ground, due to the fact that the portions of the retina around the image are stimulated by the intense light; as when a dark spot on a white ground appears smaller, or a white spot on a dark ground larger, than it really is, esp. when a little out of focus.

Ir*rad"i*cate (?), v. t. To root deeply. [R.]

Ir*ra"tion*al (?), a. [L. irrationalis: cf. F. irrationnel. See In- not, and Rational.]

1. Not rational; void of reason or understanding; as, brutes are irrational animals.

2. Not according to reason; absurd; foolish.

It seemed utterly irrational any longer to maintain it.
I. Taylor.

3. (Math.) Not capable of being exactly expressed by an integral number, or by a vulgar fraction; surd; -- said especially of roots. See Surd.

Syn. -- Absurd; foolish; preposterous; unreasonable; senseless. See Absurd.

Ir*ra`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irrational. "Brutish irrationaliity." South.

Ir*ra"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In an irrational manner. Boyle.

Ir*ra"tion*al*ness, n. Irrationality.

Ir`re*but"ta*ble (?), a. Incapable of being rebutted. Coleridge.

Ir`re*cep"tive (?), a. Not receiving; incapable of receiving.

Ir`re*claim"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being reclaimed. Addison. -- Ir`re*claim"a*bly, ad&?;.

Ir*rec`og*ni"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + recognition.] A failure to recognize; absence of recognition. Lamb.

Ir*rec"og*ni`za*ble (?; 277), a. Not recognizable. Carlyle.

Ir*rec`on*ci`la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irreconcilable; irreconcilableness.

Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble (?; 277), a. [Pref. ir- not + reconcilable: cf. F. irréconciliable.] Not reconcilable; implacable; incompatible; inconsistent; disagreeing; as, irreconcilable enemies, statements. -- Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv.

Ir*rec"on*cile` (?), v. t. To prevent from being reconciled; to alienate or disaffect. [Obs.]

Ir*rec"on*cile`ment (?), n. The state or quality of being unreconciled; disagreement.

Ir*rec`on*cil`i*a"tion (?), n. Want of reconciliation; disagreement.

Ir`re*cord"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir-- not + record: cf. L. irrecordabilis not to be remembered.] Not fit or possible to be recorded.

Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being recovered, regained, or remedied; irreparable; as, an irrecoverable loss, debt, or injury.

That which is past is gone and irrecoverable.
Bacon.

Syn. -- Irreparable; irretrievable; irremediable; unalterable; incurable; hopeless.

-- Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*cov"er*a*bly, adv.

Ir`re*cu"per*a*ble (?), a. [L. irrecuperabilis: cf. OF. irrecuperable. See In- not, and Recuperate.] Irrecoverable. -- Ir`re*cu"per*a*bly, adv.

Ir`re*cured" (?), a. Incurable. [Obs.]

Ir`re*cu"sa*ble (?), a. [L. irrecusabilis; pref. ir-- not + recusabilis that should be rejected, fr. recusare to reject: cf. F. irrécusable.] Not liable to exception or rejection. Sir W. Hamilton.

Ir`re*deem`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being irredeemable; irredeemableness.

Ir`re*deem"a*ble (?), a. Not redeemable; that can not be redeemed; not payable in gold or silver, as a bond; -- used especially of such government notes, issued as currency, as are not convertible into coin at the pleasure of the holder. -- Ir`re*deem"a*ble*ness, adv.

Ir`re*du`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being irreducible.

Ir`re*du"ci*ble (?), a. 1. Incapable of being reduced, or brought into a different state; incapable of restoration to its proper or normal condition; as, an irreducible hernia.

2. (Math.) Incapable of being reduced to a simpler form of expression; as, an irreducible formula.

Irreducible case (Alg.), a particular case in the solution of a cubic equation, in which the formula commonly employed contains an imaginary quantity, and therefore fails in its application.

-- Ir`re*du"ci*ble*ness, n. -- -- Ir`re*du"ci*bly, adv.

Ir`re*flec"tion (?), n. Want of reflection.

Ir`re*flect"ive (?), a. Not reflective. De Quincey.

Ir`re*form"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being reformed; incorrigible. Joseph Cook.

Ir*ref`ra*ga*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irrefragable; incapability of being refuted.

Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble (&ibreve;r*r&ebreve;f"r&adot;*g&adot;*b'l), a. [F. irréfragable, L. irrefragabilis. See Refragable.] Not refragable; not to be gainsaid or denied; not to be refuted or overthrown; unanswerable; incontestable; undeniable; as, an irrefragable argument; irrefragable evidence. -- Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*ref"ra*ga*bly, adv.

Syn. -- Incontrovertible; unanswerable; indisputable; unquestionable; incontestable; indubitable; undeniable; irrefutable.

Ir`re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irrefrangible; irrefrangibleness.

Ir`re*fran"gi*ble (?), a. Not refrangible; that can not be refracted in passing from one medium to another. -- Ir`re*fran"gi*ble*ness, n.

Ir`re*fut"a*ble (?; 277), a. [L. irrefutabilis: cf. F. irréfutable. See Refute.] Incapable of being refuted or disproved; indisputable. -- Ir`re*fut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*fut"a*bly, adv.

Ir`re*gen"er*a*cy (?), n. Unregeneracy.

Ir`re*gen`er*a"tion (?), n. An unregenerate state. [Obs.]

Ir*reg"u*lar (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + regular: cf. F. irrégulier.] Not regular; not conforming to a law, method, or usage recognized as the general rule; not according to common form; not conformable to nature, to the rules of moral rectitude, or to established principles; not normal; unnatural; immethodical; unsymmetrical; erratic; no straight; not uniform; as, an irregular line; an irregular figure; an irregular verse; an irregular physician; an irregular proceeding; irregular motion; irregular conduct, etc. Cf. Regular.

Mazes intricate,
Eccentric, intervolved, yet regular
Then most when most irregular they seem.
Milton.

Leading the men of Herefordshire to fight
Against the irregular and wild Glendower.
Shak.

A flowery meadow through which a clear stream murmured in many irregular meanders.
Jones.

Syn. -- Immethodical; unsystematic; abnormal; unnatural; anomalous; erratic; devious; crooked; eccentric; unsettled; uneven; variable; changeable; mutable; desultory; disorderly; wild; immoderate; intemperate; inordinate; vicious.

Ir*reg"u*lar, n. One who is not regular; especially, a soldier not in regular service.

Ir*reg"u*lar*ist, n. One who is irregular. Baxter.

Ir*reg`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Irregularities (#). [Cf. F. irrégularité.] The state or quality of being irregular; that which is irregular.

Ir*reg"u*lar*ly, adv. In an irregular manner.

Ir*reg"u*late (?), v. t. To make irregular; to disorder. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ir*reg"u*lous (?), a. Lawless. [Obs.] Shak.

Ir`re*ject"a*ble (?), a. That can not be rejected; irresistible. Boyle.

Ir`re*laps"a*ble (?), a. Not liable to relapse; secure. Dr. H. More.

Ir`re*late (?), a. Irrelative; unconnected.

Ir`re*la"tion (?), n. The quality or state of being irrelative; want of connection or relation.

Ir*rel"a*tive (?), a. Not relative; without mutual relations; unconnected. -- Ir*rel"a*tive*ly, adv.

Irrelative chords (Mus.), those having no common tone. -- Irrelative repetition (Biol.), the multiplication of parts that serve for a common purpose, but have no mutual dependence or connection. Owen.

Ir*rel"a*vance (?), n. Irrelevancy.

Ir*rel"a*van*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being irrelevant; as, the irrelevancy of an argument.

Ir*rel"a*vant (?), a. Not relevant; not applicable or pertinent; not bearing upon or serving to support; foreign; extraneous; as, testimony or arguments irrelevant to a case. -- Ir*rel"a*vant*ly, adv.

Ir`re*liev"a*ble (?), a. Not admitting relief; incurable; hopeless.

Ir`re*li"gion (?), n. [L. irreligio: cf. F. irréligion. See In- not, and Religion.] The state of being irreligious; want of religion; impiety.

Ir`re*li"gion*ist, n. One who is irreligious.

Ir`re*li"gious (?), a. [L. irreligiosus: cf. F. irréligieux.]

1. Destitute of religion; not controlled by religious motives or principles; ungodly. Cf. Impious.

Shame and reproach are generally the portion of the impious and irreligious.
South.

2. Indicating a want of religion; profane; wicked; as, irreligious speech.

Ir`re*li"gious*ly, adv. In an irreligious manner.

Ir`re*li"gious*ness, n. The state or quality of being irreligious; ungodliness.

Ir*re"me*a*ble (?), a. [L. irremeabilis; pref. ir- not + remeabilis returning, fr. remeare: cf. F. irréméable. See Remeant.] Admitting no return; as, an irremeable way. [Obs.] Dryden.

Ir`re*me"di*a*ble (?), a. [L. irremediabilis: cf. F. irrémédiable. See In- not, and Remediable.] Not to be remedied, corrected, or redressed; incurable; as, an irremediable disease or evil.

Ir`re*me"di*a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being irremediable.

Ir`re*me"di*a*bly, adv. In a manner, or to a degree, that precludes remedy, cure, or correction.

Ir`re*mis"si*ble (?), a. [L. irremissibilis: cf. F. irrémissible. See In- not, and Remissible.] Not remissible; unpardonable; as, irremissible crimes. Burke. -- Ir`re*mis"si*ble, n. -- Ir`re*mis"si*bly, adv.

Ir`re*mis"sion (?), n. Refusal of pardon.

Ir`re*mis"sive (?), a. Not remitting; unforgiving.

Ir`re*mit"ta*ble (?), a. Not capable of being remitted; irremissible. Holinshed.

Ir`re*mov`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irremovable; immovableness.

Ir`re*mov"a*ble (?), a. Not removable; immovable; inflexible. Shak. -- Ir`re*mov"a*bly, adv.

Ir`re*mov"al (?), n. Absence of removal.

Ir`re*mu"ner*a*ble (?), a. [L. irremunerabilis: cf. F. irrémunérable. See Remunerate.] Not remunerable; not capable of remuneration.

Ir`re*nowned" (?), a. Not renowned. [Obs.]

Ir*rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. irréparabilité.] The quality or state of being irreparable; irreparableness. Sterne.

Ir*rep"a*ra*ble (?), a. [L. irreparabilis: cf. F. irréparable. See In- not, and Reparable.] Not reparable; not capable of being repaired, recovered, regained, or remedied; irretrievable; irremediable; as, an irreparable breach; an irreparable loss. Shak.

Ir*rep"a*ra*ble*ness, n. Quality of being irreparable.

Ir*rep"a*ra*bly, adv. In an irreparable manner.

Ir`re*peal`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irrepealable.

Ir`re*peal"a*ble (?), a. Not repealable; not capable of being repealed or revoked, as a law. -- Ir`re*peal"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*peal"a*bly, adv.

Ir`re*pent"ance (?), n. Want of repentance; impenitence. Bp. Montagu.

{ Ir`re*plev"i*a*ble (?), Ir`re*plev"i*sa*ble (?), } a. (Law) Not capable of being replevied.

Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. irreprehensibilis: cf. F. irrépréhensible. See Reprehensible.] Not reprehensible; blameless; innocent. -- Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*rep`re*hen"si*bly, adv.

Ir*rep`re*sent"a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being represented or portrayed.

Ir`re*press"i*ble (?), a. Not capable of being repressed, restrained, or controlled; as, irrepressible joy; an irrepressible conflict. W. H. Steward.

Ir`re*press"i*bly, adv. In a manner or to a degree that can not be repressed.

Ir`re*proach"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + reproachable: cf. F. irréprochable.] Not reproachable; above reproach; not deserving reproach; blameless.

He [Berkely] erred, -- and who is free from error? -- but his intentions were irreproachable.
Beattie.

Ir`re*proach"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being irreproachable; integrity; innocence.

Ir`re*proach"a*bly, adv. In an irreproachable manner; blamelessly.

Ir`re*prov"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being justly reproved; irreproachable; blameless; upright. - - Ir`re*prov"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*prov"a*bly, adv.

Ir`rep*ti"tious (?), a. [L. irrepere, irreptum, to creep in; pref. ir- in + repere to creep.] Surreptitious; spurious. [Obs.] Dr. Castell (1673).

Ir*rep"u*ta*ble (?), a. Disreputable. [Obs.]

Ir`re*sil"i*ent (?), a. Not resilient; not recoiling or rebounding; inelastic.

Ir`re*sist"ance (?), n. Nonresistance; passive submission.

Ir`re*sist`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. irrésistibilité.] The quality or state of being irresistible, irresistibleness.

Ir`re*sist"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + resistible: cf. F. irrésistible.] That can not be successfully resisted or opposed; superior to opposition; resistless; overpowering; as, an irresistible attraction.

An irresistible law of our nature impels us to seek happiness.
J. M. Mason.

Ir`re*sist"i*ble*ness, n. Quality of being irresistible.

Ir`re*sist"i*bly, adv. In an irresistible manner.

Ir`re*sist"less, a. Irresistible. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Ir*res"o*lu*ble (?), a. [L. irresolubilis: cf. F. irrésoluble. See Resoluble, and cf. Irresolvable.]

1. Incapable of being dissolved or resolved into parts; insoluble. Boyle.

2. Incapable of being relieved or assisted. [Obs.]

The second is in the irresoluble condition of our souls after a known sin committed.
Bp. Hall.

Ir*res"o*lu*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being irresoluble; insolubility.

Ir*res"o*lute (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + resolute: cf. F. irrésolu, L. irresolutus not loosened.] Not resolute; not decided or determined; wavering; given to doubt or irresolution.

Weak and irresolute is man.
Cowper.

Syn. -- Wavering; vacillating; undetermined; undecided; unsettled; fickle; changeable; inconstant.

-- Ir*res"o*lute*ly, adv. -- Ir*res"o*lute*ness, n.

Ir*res`o*lu"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. irrésolution.] Want of resolution; want of decision in purpose; a fluctuation of mind, as in doubt, or between hope and fear; irresoluteness; indecision; vacillation.

Irresolution on the schemes of life which offer themselves to our choice, and inconstancy in pursuing them, are the greatest causes of all unhappiness.
Addison.

Ir`re*solv`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being irresolvable; irresolvableness.

Ir`re*solv"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + resolvable. Cf. Irresoluble.] Incapable of being resolved; not separable into component parts.

Irresolvable nebulæ (Astron.), nebulæ of a cloudlike appearance, which have not yet been resolved by the telescope into stars. Sir W. Herschel.

Ir`re*solv"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being irresolvable; irresolvability.

Ir`re*solv"ed*ly, adv. Without settled determination; in a hesitating manner; doubtfully. [R.]

Ir`re*spec"tive (-sp&ebreve;k"t&ibreve;v), a. 1. Without regard for conditions, circumstances, or consequences; unbiased; independent; impartial; as, an irrespective judgment.

According to this doctrine, it must be resolved wholly into the absolute, irrespective will of God.
Rogers.

2. Disrespectful. [Obs.] Sir C. Cornwallis.

Irrespective of, regardless of; without regard to; as, irrespective of differences.

Ir`re*spec"tive*ly (&ibreve;r`r&esl;*sp&ebreve;k"t&ibreve;v*l&ybreve;), adv. Without regard to conditions; not taking circumstances into consideration.

Prosperity, considered absolutely and irrespectively, is better and more desirable than adversity.
South.

Ir*res"pi*ra*ble (?), a. [L. irrespirabilis: cf. F. irrespirable. See Respirable.] Unfit for respiration; not having the qualities necessary to support animal life; as, irrespirable air.

Ir`re*spon`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. irresponsabilité.] Want of, or freedom from, responsibility or accountability.

Ir`re*spon"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + responsible: cf. F. irresponsable.]

1. Nor responsible; not liable or able to answer for consequences; innocent.

2. Not to be trusted; unreliable.

Ir`re*spon"si*bly, adv. So as not to be responsible.

Ir`re*spon"sive (?), a. Not responsive; not able, ready, or inclined to respond.

Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*ble (?), a. Incapable of being resuscitated or revived. -- Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*bly, adv.

Ir`re*ten"tion (?), n. Want of retaining power; forgetfulness. De Quincey.

Ir`re*ten"tive (?), a. Not retentive; as, an irretentive memory.

Ir`re*trace"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being retraced; not retraceable.

Ir`re*tract"ile (?), a. 1. Not retractile.

2. Not tractile or ductile. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

Ir`re*triev"a*ble (?), a. Not retrievable; irrecoverable; irreparable; as, an irretrievable loss.

Syn. -- Irremediable; incurable; irrecoverable.

Ir`re*triev"a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being irretrievable.

Ir`re*triev"a*bly, adv. In an irretrievable manner.

Ir`re*turn"a*ble (?), a. Not to be returned.

Ir`re*veal"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being revealed. -- Ir`re*veal"a*bly, adv.

Ir*rev"er*ence (?), n. [L. irreverentia: cf. F. irrévérence.] The state or quality of being irreverent; want of proper reverence; disregard of the authority and character of a superior.

Ir*rev"er*end (?), a. Irreverent. [Obs.]

Immodest speech, or irreverend gesture.
Strype.

Ir*rev"er*ent (?), a. [L. irreverens, -entis: cf. F. irrévérent. See In- not, and Reverent.] Not reverent; showing a want of reverence; expressive of a want of veneration; as, an irreverent babbler; an irreverent jest.

Ir*rev"er*ent*ly, adv. In an irreverent manner.

Ir`re*vers`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being irreversible; irreversibleness.

Ir`re*vers"i*ble (?), a. 1. Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backward; as, an irreversible engine.

2. Incapable of being reversed, recalled, repealed, or annulled; as, an irreversible sentence or decree.

This rejection of the Jews, as it is not universal, so neither is it final and irreversible.
Jortin.

Syn. -- Irrevocable; irrepealable; unchangeable.

Ir`re*vers"i*ble*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being irreversible.

Ir`re*vers"i*bly, adv. In an irreversible manner.

Ir*rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. irrévocabilité.] The state or quality of being irrevocable; irrevocableness.

Ir*rev"o*ca*ble (?), a. [L. irrevocabilis: cf. F. irrévocable. See In- not, and Revoke, and cf. Irrevocable.] Incapable of being recalled or revoked; unchangeable; irreversible; unalterable; as, an irrevocable promise or decree; irrevocable fate.

Firm and irrevocable is my doom.
Shak.

-- Ir*rev"o*ca*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*rev"o*ca*bly, adv.

Ir`re*vok"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + revoke.] Irrevocable. [R.]

Ir*rev"o*lu*ble (?), a. That has no finite period of revolution; not revolving. [R.]

The dateless and irrevoluble circle of eternity.
Milton.

Ir`rhe*tor"ic*al (?), a. Not rhetorical.

Ir"ri*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irrigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Irrigating (?).] [L. irrigatus, p. p. of irrigare to irrigate: ir- in + rigare to water; prob. akin to E. rain. See Rain.]

1. To water; to wet; to moisten with running or dropping water; to bedew.

2. (Agric.) To water, as land, by causing a stream to flow upon, over, or through it, as in artificial channels.

Ir`ri*ga"tion (?), n. [L. irrigatio: cf. F. irrigation.] The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.

Ir*rig"u*ous (?), a. [L. irriguus. See Irrigate.]

1. Watered; watery; moist; dewy. [Obs.]

The flowery lap
Of some irriguous valley spreads her store.
Milton.

2. Gently penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] J. Philips.

Ir*ris"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + risible. See Irrision.] Not risible. [R.]

Ir*ri"sion (?), n. [L. irrisio, fr. irridere, irrisum, to laugh at; pref. ir- in + ridere to laugh: cf. F. irrision.] The act of laughing at another; derision.

This being spoken scepticè, or by way of irrision.
Chapman.

Ir`ri*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. irritabilitas: cf. F. irritabilité.]

1. The state or quality of being irritable; quick excitability; petulance; fretfulness; as, irritability of temper.

2. (Physiol.) A natural susceptibility, characteristic of all living organisms, tissues, and cells, to the influence of certain stimuli, response being manifested in a variety of ways, -- as that quality in plants by which they exhibit motion under suitable stimulation; esp., the property which living muscle possesses, of responding either to a direct stimulus of its substance, or to the stimulating influence of its nerve fibers, the response being indicated by a change of form, or contraction; contractility.

3. (Med.) A condition of morbid excitability of an organ or part of the body; undue susceptibility to the influence of stimuli. See Irritation, n., 3.

Ir"ri*ta*ble (?), a. [L. irritabilis: cf. F. irritable. See Irritate.]

1. Capable of being irritated.

2. Very susceptible of anger or passion; easily inflamed or exasperated; as, an irritable temper.

Vicious, old, and irritable.
Tennyson.

3. (Physiol.) Endowed with irritability; susceptible of irritation; capable of being excited to action by the application of certain stimuli.

4. (Med.) Susceptible of irritation; unduly sensitive to irritants or stimuli. See Irritation, n., 3.

Syn. -- Excitable; irascible; touchy; fretful; peevish.

Ir"ri*ta*ble*ness, n. Irritability.

Ir"ri*ta*bly, adv. In an irritable manner.

Ir"ri*tan*cy (?), n. [From 1st Irritant.] (Scots Law) The state or quality of being null and void; invalidity; forfeiture. Burrill.

Ir"ri*tan*cy, n. [From 2d Irritant.] The state or quality of being irritant or irritating.

Ir"ri*tant (?), a. [LL. irritants, -antis, p. pr. of irritare to make null, fr. L. irritus void; pref. ir- not + ratus established.] (Scots Law) Rendering null and void; conditionally invalidating.

The states elected Harry, Duke of Anjou, for their king, with this clause irritant; that, if he did violate any part of his oath, the people should owe him no allegiance.
Hayward.

Ir"ri*tant, a. [L. irritans, -antis, p. pr. of irritare: cf. F. irritant. See Irritate to excite.] Irritating; producing irritation or inflammation.

Ir"ri*tant, n. [Cf. F. irritant.]

1. That which irritates or excites.

2. (Physiol. & Med.) Any agent by which irritation is produced; as, a chemical irritant; a mechanical or electrical irritant.

3. (Toxicology) A poison that produces inflammation.

Counter irritant. See under Counter. -- Pure irritant (Toxicology), a poison that produces inflammation without any corrosive action upon the tissues.

Ir"ri*tate (?), v. t. [See 1 st Irritant.] To render null and void. [R.] Abp. Bramhall.

Ir"ri*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irritated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Irritating (?).] [L. irritatus, p. p. of irritare. Of doubtful origin.]

1. To increase the action or violence of; to heighten excitement in; to intensify; to stimulate.

Cold maketh the spirits vigorous and irritateth them.
Bacon.

2. To excite anger or displeasure in; to provoke; to tease; to exasperate; to annoy; to vex; as, the insolence of a tyrant irritates his subjects.

Dismiss the man, nor irritate the god:
Prevent the rage of him who reigns above.
Pope.

3. (Physiol.) To produce irritation in; to stimulate; to cause to contract. See Irritation, n., 2.

4. (Med.) To make morbidly excitable, or oversensitive; to fret; as, the skin is irritated by friction; to irritate a wound by a coarse bandage.

Syn. -- To fret; inflame; excite; provoke; tease; vex; exasperate; anger; incense; enrage. -- To Irritate, Provoke, Exasperate. These words express different stages of excited or angry feeling. Irritate denotes an excitement of quick and slightly angry feeling which is only momentary; as, irritated by a hasty remark. To provoke implies the awakening of some open expression of decided anger; as, a provoking insult. Exasperate denotes a provoking of anger at something unendurable. Whatever comes across our feelings irritates; whatever excites anger provokes; whatever raises anger to a high point exasperates. "Susceptible and nervous people are most easily irritated; proud people are quickly provoked; hot and fiery people are soonest exasperated." Crabb.

Ir"ri*tate (?), a. Excited; heightened. [Obs.]

Ir`ri*ta"tion (?), n. [L. irritatio: cf. F. irritation.]

1. The act of irritating, or exciting, or the state of being irritated; excitement; stimulation, usually of an undue and uncomfortable kind; especially, excitement of anger or passion; provocation; annoyance; anger.

The whole body of the arts and sciences composes one vast machinery for the irritation and development of the human intellect.
De Quincey.

2. (Physiol.) The act of exciting, or the condition of being excited to action, by stimulation; -- as, the condition of an organ of sense, when its nerve is affected by some external body; esp., the act of exciting muscle fibers to contraction, by artificial stimulation; as, the irritation of a motor nerve by electricity; also, the condition of a muscle and nerve, under such stimulation.

3. (Med.) A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.

Ir"ri*ta*tive (?), a. 1. Serving to excite or irritate; irritating; as, an irritative agent.

2. Accompanied with, or produced by, increased action or irritation; as, an irritative fever. E. Darwin.

Ir"ri*ta*to*ry (?), a. Exciting; producing irritation; irritating. [R.] Hales.

Ir"ro*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irrorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Irrorating.] [L. irroratus, p. p. of irrorare to bedew; pref. ir- in + ros, roris, dew.] To sprinkle or moisten with dew; to bedew. [Obs.]

Ir"ro*rate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Covered with minute grains, appearing like fine sand.

Ir`ro*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. irroration.] The act of bedewing; the state of being moistened with dew. [Obs.] Chambers.

Ir`ro*ta"tion*al (?), a. (Physics) Not rotatory; passing from one point to another by a movement other than rotation; -- said of the movement of parts of a liquid or yielding mass. Sir W. Thomson.

Ir*ru"bric*al (?), a. Contrary to the rubric; not rubrical.

Ir"ru*gate (?), v. t. [L. irrugatus, p. p. of irrugare to wrinkle.] To wrinkle. [Obs.]

Ir*rupt"ed (?), a. [L. irruptus, p. p. of irrumpere to break in; pref. ir- in + rumpere to break or burst. See Rupture.] Broken with violence.

Ir*rup"tion (?), n. [L. irruptio: cf. F. irruption. See Irrupted.]

1. A bursting in; a sudden, violent rushing into a place; as, irruptions of the sea.

Lest evil tidings, with too rude irruption
Hitting thy aged ear, should pierce too deep.
Milton.

2. A sudden and violent inroad, or entrance of invaders; as, the irruptions of the Goths into Italy. Addison.

Syn. -- Invasion; incursion; inroad. See Invasion.

Ir*rup"tive (?), a. Rushing in or upon.

Ir"ving*ite (?), n. (Eccl.) The common designation of one a sect founded by the Rev. Edward Irving (about 1830), who call themselves the Catholic Apostolic Church. They are highly ritualistic in worship, have an elaborate hierarchy of apostles, prophets, etc., and look for the speedy coming of Christ.

Is- (?). See Iso-.

Is (?), v. i. [AS. is; akin to G. & Goth. ist, L. est, Gr. &?;, Skr. asti. √9. Cf. Am, Entity, Essence, Absent.] The third person singular of the substantive verb be, in the indicative mood, present tense; as, he is; he is a man. See Be.

&fist; In some varieties of the Northern dialect of Old English, is was used for all persons of the singular.

For thy is I come, and eke Alain.
Chaucer.

Aye is thou merry.
Chaucer.

&fist; The idiom of using the present for future events sure to happen is a relic of Old English in which the present and future had the same form; as, this year Christmas is on Friday.

To-morrow is the new moon.
1 Sam. xx. 5.

{ Is"a*bel (?), n., Is"a*bel col"or (?). } [F. isabelle.] See Isabella.

{ Is`a*bel"la (?), n., Is`a*bel"la col"or (?) }. [Said to be named from the Spanish princess Isabella, daughter of king Philip II., in allusion to the color assumed by her shift, which she wore without change from 1601 to 1604, in consequence of a vow made by her.] A brownish yellow color.

Is`a*bel"la grape` (?). (Bot.) A favorite sweet American grape of a purple color. See Fox grape, under Fox.

Is`a*bel"la moth` (?; 115). (Zoöl.) A common American moth (Pyrrharctia isabella), of an isabella color. The larva, called woolly bear and hedgehog caterpillar, is densely covered with hairs, which are black at each end of the body, and red in the middle part.

Is`a*bel"line (?), a. Of an isabel or isabella color.

Is*ag"e*lous (īs*ăg"&ebreve;*lŭs), a. [Is- + Gr. a`gelos information.] Containing the same information; as, isagelous sentences. "The coded message and the original, though appearing entirely unlike, are completely isagelous." Bacon "The complementary strands have isagelous sequences." J. D. Watson. -- Is"a*gel n. One of two or more objects containing the same information.

I"sa*goge (?), n. [L., fr. Fr. &?;, fr. &?; to introduce; &?; into + &?; to lead.] An introduction. [Obs.] Harris.

{ I"sa*gog"ic (?), I"sa*gog"ic*al (?), } a. [L. isagogicus, Gr. &?;.] Introductory; especially, introductory to the study of theology.

I"sa*gog"ics (?), n. (Theol.) That part of theological science directly preliminary to actual exegesis, or interpretation of the Scriptures.

I"sa*gon (ī"s&adot;*g&obreve;n), n. [Gr. 'i`sos equal + gwni`a angle: cf. F. isagone, a.] (Math.) A figure or polygon whose angles are equal.

Is*ap`os*tol"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Having equal, or almost equal, authority with the apostles of their teachings.

{ I*sat"ic (?), I`sa*tin"ic (?), } a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, isatin; as, isatic acid, which is also called trioxindol.

I"sa*tide (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by the partial reduction of isatin. [Written also isatyde.]

I"sa*tin (?), n. [See Isatis.] (Chem.) An orange-red crystalline substance, C8H5NO2, obtained by the oxidation of indigo blue. It is also produced from certain derivatives of benzoic acid, and is one important source of artificial indigo. [Written also, less properly, isatine.]

||I"sa*tis (?; 277), n. [L., a kind of plant, Gr. &?; woad.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs, some species of which, especially the Isatis tinctoria, yield a blue dye similar to indigo; woad.

I*sat"o*gen (?), n. [Isatin + -gen.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous radical, C8H4NO2, regarded as the essential residue of a series of compounds, related to isatin, which easily pass by reduction to indigo blue. -- I*sat`o*gen"ic (#), a.

I`sa*trop"ic (?), a. [Is- + atropine.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine, and isomeric with cinnamic acid.

Is"chi*ac (&ibreve;s"k&ibreve;*ăk), a. (Anat.) See Ischial.

Is`chi*ad"ic (&ibreve;s`k&ibreve;*ăd"&ibreve;k), a. [L. ischiadicus, Gr. 'ischiadoko`s, fr. 'ischi`on the hip joint, hip or loin. Cf. Sciatic.] (Anat.) Ischial. [R.]

Ischiadic passion or disease (Med.), a rheumatic or neuralgic affection of some part about the hip joint; -- called also sciatica.

Is"chi*al (&ibreve;s"k&ibreve;*al), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the ischium or hip; ischiac; ischiadic; ischiatic.

Ischial callosity (Zoöl.), one of the patches of thickened, hairless, and often bright-colored skin, on the buttocks of many apes, as the drill.

Is`chi*at"ic (&ibreve;s`k&ibreve;*ăd"&ibreve;k), a. (Anat.) Same as Ischial.

Is`chi*o*cap"su*lar (?; 135) a. [Ischium + capsular.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the ischium and the capsule of the hip joint; as, the ischiocapsular ligament.

Is`chi*o*ce"rite (?), n. [Gr. 'ischi`on the hip + ke`ras a horn.] (Zoöl.) The third joint or the antennæ of the Crustacea.

{ ||Is"chi*on (?), ||Is"chi*um (?), } n. [L., Gr. 'ischi`on.] 1. (Anat.) The ventral and posterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis; seat bone; the huckle bone.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the pleuræ of insects.

Is`chi*op"o*dite (?), n. [Gr. 'ischi`on the hip joint + &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoöl.) The third joint of the typical appendages of Crustacea.

Is`chi*o*rec"tal (?), a. [Ischium + rectal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the region between the rectum and ishial tuberosity.

Is`chu*ret"ic (?), a. Having the quality of relieving ischury. -- n. An ischuretic medicine.

Is"chu*ry (?), n. [L. ischuria, Gr. &?;; &?; to hold, check + &?; urine: cf. F. ischurie.] (Med.) A retention or suppression of urine.

-ise (?). See -ize.

I`sen*trop"ic (?), a. [Is- + entropy + -ic.] (Physics) Having equal entropy.

Isentropic lines, lines which pass through points having equal entropy.

I*seth`i*on"ic (?), a. [Is- + ethionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid, HO.C2H4.SO3H, obtained as an oily or crystalline substance, by the action of sulphur trioxide on alcohol or ether. It is derivative of sulphuric acid.

-ish (?). [AS. -isc; akin to G. -isch, OHG. -isc, Goth. & Dan. -isk, Gr. &?;. Cf. -esque.] A suffix used to from adjectives from nouns and from adjectives. It denotes relation, resemblance, similarity, and sometimes has a diminutive force; as, selfish, boyish, brutish; whitish, somewhat white.

-ish. [OE. -issen, fr. F. -is, -iss- (found in the present particle, etc., of certain verbs, as finir to finish, fleurir to flourish), corresponding to L. -escere, an inchoative ending.] A verb ending, originally appearing in certain verbs of French origin; as, abolish, cherish, finish, furnish, garnish, impoverish.

Ish"ma*el*ite (?), n. 1. A descendant of Ishmael (the son of Abraham and Hagar), of whom it was said, "His hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him." Gen. xvi. 12.

2. One at enmity with society; a wanderer; a vagabond; an outcast. Thackeray.

3. See Ismaelian.

Ish"ma*el*i`tish (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an Ishmaelite or the Ishmaelites.

I"si*ac (?), a. [L. Isiacus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;.] Pertaining to the goddess Isis; as, Isiac mysteries.

I"si*cle (?), n. A icicle. [Obs.]

Is`i*do"ri*an (?), a. Pertaining, or ascribed, to Isidore; as, the Isidorian decretals, a spurious collection of decretals published in the ninth century.

I"sin*glass (?), n. [Prob. corrupted fr. D. huizenblas (akin to G. hausenblase), lit., bladder of the huso, or large sturgeon; huizen sturgeon + blas bladder. Cf. Bladder, Blast a gust of wind.]

1. A semitransparent, whitish, and very pure form of gelatin, chiefly prepared from the sounds or air bladders of various species of sturgeons (as the Acipenser huso) found in the rivers of Western Russia. It used for making jellies, as a clarifier, etc. Cheaper forms of gelatin are not unfrequently so called. Called also fish glue.

2. (Min.) A popular name for mica, especially when in thin sheets.

I"sis (?), n. [L., the goddess Isis, fr. Gr. &?;.]

1. (Myth.) The principal goddess worshiped by the Egyptians. She was regarded as the mother of Horus, and the sister and wife of Osiris. The Egyptians adored her as the goddess of fecundity, and as the great benefactress of their country, who instructed their ancestors in the art of agriculture.

2. (Zoöl.) Any coral of the genus Isis, or family Isidæ, composed of joints of white, stony coral, alternating with flexible, horny joints. See Gorgoniacea.

3. (Astron.) One of the asteroids.

Is"lam (?), n. [Ar. islām obedience to the will of God, submission, humbling one's self, resigning one's self to the divine disposal. Cf. Moslem.]

1. The religion of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islamism. Their formula of faith is: There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet.

2. The whole body of Mohammedans, or the countries which they occupy.

Is"lam*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. islamisme.] The faith, doctrines, or religious system of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islam.

Is"lam*ite (?), n. A Mohammedan.

Is`lam*it"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Islam; Mohammedan.

Is"lam*ize (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Islamized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Islamizing (?).] To conform, or cause to conform, to the religion of Islam.

Is"land (?), n. [OE. iland, yland, AS. īgland, &?;gland, &?;glond; īg, &?;g, island + land, lond, land. AS. īg, &?;g, is akin to AS. eá water, river, OHG. &?;uwa, G. au meadow, Icel. ey island, Dan. & Sw. ö, Goth. ahwa a stream, water, L. aqua water. The s is due to confusion with isle. Cf. Ait, Eyot, Ewer, Aquatic.]

1. A tract of land surrounded by water, and smaller than a continent. Cf. Continent.

2. Anything regarded as resembling an island; as, an island of ice.

3. (Zoöl.) See Isle, n., 2.

Islands of the blessed (Myth.), islands supposed to lie in the Western Ocean, where the favorites of the gods are conveyed at death, and dwell in everlasting joy.

Is"land (?), v. t. 1. To cause to become or to resemble an island; to make an island or islands of; to isle. Shelley.

2. To furnish with an island or with islands; as, to island the deep. Southey.

Is"land*er (?), n. An inhabitant of an island.

Is"land*y (?), a. Of or pertaining to islands; full of islands. Cotgrave.

Isle (?), n. [Obs.] See Aisle.

Isle (?), n. [OF. isle, F. île, L. insula; cf. Lith. sala. Cf. Insulate.]

1. An island. [Poetic]

Imperial rule of all the seagirt isles.
Milton.

2. (Zoöl.) A spot within another of a different color, as upon the wings of some insects.

Isle, v. t. To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island. [Poetic]

Isled in sudden seas of light.
Tennyson.

Is"let (?), n. [OF. islette (cf. F. îlot), dim. of isle.] A little island.

-ism (?). [F. -isme, or L. -ismus, Gr. &?;.] A suffix indicating an act, a process, the result of an act or a process, a state; also, a characteristic (as a theory, doctrine, idiom, etc.); as, baptism, galvanism, organism, hypnotism, socialism, sensualism, Anglicism.

Ism, n. [See ism, above.] A doctrine or theory; especially, a wild or visionary theory. E. Everett.

The world grew light-headed, and forth came a spawn of isms which no man can number.
S. G. Goodrich.

{ Is`ma*e"li*an (?), Is"ma*el*ite (?), } n. (Eccl.) One of a sect of Mohammedans who favored the pretensions of the family of Mohammed ben Ismael, of the house of Ali.

{ I"so- (?), Is- (?). } [Gr. 'i`sos equal.] A prefix or combining form, indicating identity, or equality; the same numerical value; as in isopod, isomorphous, isochromatic. Specif.: (a) (Chem.) Applied to certain compounds having the same composition but different properties; as in isocyanic. (b) (Organic Chem.) Applied to compounds of certain isomeric series in whose structure one carbon atom, at least, is connected with three other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with neo- and normal; as in isoparaffine; isopentane.

I"so*bar (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; weight.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting or marking places upon the surface of the earth where height of the barometer reduced to sea level is the same either at a given time, or for a certain period (mean height), as for a year; an isopiestic line. [Written also isobare.]

I`so*bar"ic (?), a. (Phys. Geog.) Denoting equal pressure; as, an isobaric line; specifically, of or pertaining to isobars.

I"so*bar*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of isobaric science.

I`so*bar`o*met"ric (?), a. [Iso + barometric.] (Phys. Geog.) Indicating equal barometric pressure.

I`so*bath"y*therm (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; deep + &?; heat.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting the points on the surface of the earth where a certain temperature is found at the same depth.

I`so*bath"y*ther"mic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an isobathytherm; possessing or indicating the same temperature at the same depth.

I`so*ceph"a*lism (?), n. [From Gr. &?; like-headed. See Iso-, and Cephalon.] (Art) A peculiarity in the design of bas-relief by which the heads of human figures are kept at the same height from the ground, whether the personages are seated, standing, or mounted on horseback; -- called also isokephaleia.

I"so*chasm (?), n. [Iso- + chasm.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting places on the earth's surface at which there is the same mean frequency of auroras.

I`so*chas"mic (?), a. Indicating equal auroral display; as, an isochasmic line.

I"so*cheim (ī"s&osl;*kīm), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?;, &?;, winter.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting places on the earth having the same mean winter temperature. Cf. Isothere.

{ I`so*chei"mal, I`so*chi"mal } (?), a. Pertaining to, having the nature of, or making, isocheims; as, an isocheimal line; an isocheimal chart.

{ I`so*chei"me*nal (?), I`so*chi"me*nal } a. The same as Isocheimal.

I`so*chei"mic (?), a. The same as Isocheimal.

I`so*chi"mene (?), n. The same as Isocheim.

I`so*chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Iso- + chromatic.] (Opt.) Having the same color; connecting parts having the same color, as lines drawn through certain points in experiments on the chromatic effects of polarized light in crystals.

I*soch"ro*nal (?), a. [See Isochronous.] Uniform in time; of equal time; performed in equal times; recurring at regular intervals; as, isochronal vibrations or oscillations.

I`so*chron"ic (?), a. Isochronal.

I*soch"ro*nism (?), n. The state or quality of being isochronous.

I*soch"ro*non (?), n. [NL. See Isochronous.] A clock that is designed to keep very accurate time.

I*soch"ro*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; equal + &?; time.] Same as Isochronal.

I*soch"ro*ous (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; color.] Having the same tint or color throughout; uniformly or evenly colored.

{ I`so*cli"nal (?), I`so*clin"ic (?), } a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; to incline.] Of or pertaining to, or indicating, equality of inclination or dip; having equal inclination or dip.

Isoclinal lines (Magnetism), lines on the earth's surface connecting places at which a dipping needle indicates the same inclination or dip.

I`so*cry"mal (?), a. (Phys. Geog.) Pertaining to, having the nature of, or illustrating, an isocryme; as, an isocrymal line; an isocrymal chart.

I"so*cryme (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; cold.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean temperature in the coldest month of the year.

I`so*crym"ic (?), a. Isocrymal.

I`so*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Iso- + cyanic.] (Chem.) Designating an acid isomeric with cyanic acid.

Isocyanic acid, an acid metameric with cyanic acid, and resembling it in its salts. It is obtained as a colorless, mobile, unstable liquid by the heating cyanuric acid. Called technically carbimide.

I`so*cy`a*nu"ric (?), a. [Iso- + cyanuric.] (Chem.) Designating, or pertaining to, an acid isomeric with cyanuric acid, and called also fulminuric acid. See under Fulminuric.

I`so*di`a*bat"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; to pass through.] (Physics) Pertaining to the reception or the giving out of equal quantities of heat by a substance. Rankine.

Isodiabatic lines or curves, a pair of lines or curves exhibiting, on a diagram of energy, the law of variation of the pressure and density of a fluid, the one during the lowering, and the other during the raising, of its temperature, when the quantity of heat given out by the fluid during any given stage of the one process is equal to the quantity received during the corresponding stage of the other. Such lines are said to be isodiabatic with respect to each other. Compare Adiabatic.

I`so*di`a*met"ric (?), a. [Iso- + diametric.]

1. (Crystallog.) Developed alike in the directions of the several lateral axes; -- said of crystals of both the tetragonal and hexagonal systems.

2. (Bot.) Having the several diameters nearly equal; -- said of the cells of ordinary parenchyma.

I`so*di*mor"phic (?), a. [Iso- + dimorphic.] Isodimorphous.

I`so*di*mor"phism (?), n. Isomorphism between the two forms severally of two dimorphous substances.

I`so*di*mor"phous (?), a. [Iso- + dimorphous.] Having the quality of isodimorphism.

I`so*dul"cite (?), n. [Iso- + dulcite.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, sugarlike substance, obtained by the decomposition of certain glucosides, and intermediate in nature between the hexacid alcohols (dulcite, mannite, etc.) and the glucoses.

I`so*dy*nam"ic (?), a. [Iso- + dynamic.] Of, pertaining to, having, or denoting, equality of force.

Isodynamic foods (Physiol.), those foods that produce a similar amount of heat. -- Isodynamic lines (Magnetism), lines on the earth's surface connecting places at which the magnetic intensity is the same.

I`so*dy"na*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Isodynamic.] Of equal force or size.

I`so*ge"o*therm (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. gh^ the earth + qe`rmh heat.] (Phys. Geog.) A line or curved surface passing beneath the earth's surface through points having the same mean temperature.

{ I`so*ge`o*ther"mal (?), I`so*ge`o*ther"mic (?), } a. Pertaining to, having the nature of, or marking, isogeotherms; as, an isogeothermal line or surface; as isogeothermal chart. -- n. An isogeotherm.

I`so*gon"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. gwni`a angle.] Pertaining to, or noting, equal angles.

Isogonic lines (Magnetism), lines traced on the surface of the globe, or upon a chart, connecting places at which the deviation of the magnetic needle from the meridian or true north is the same.

I`so*gon"ic, a. (Zoöl.) Characterized by isogonism.

I*sog"o*nism (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; offspring, generative parts.] (Zoöl.) The quality of having similar sexual zooids or gonophores and dissimilar hydrants; -- said of certain hydroids.

I`so*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to isography.

I*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Iso- + -graphy.] Imitation of another's handwriting.

I`so*hy"e*tose` (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. "yeto`s rain.] (Phys. Geog.) Of or pertaining to lines connecting places on the earth's surface which have a mean annual rainfall. -- n. An isohyetose line.

I"so*la*ble (?), a. [See Isolate.] (Chem.) Capable of being isolated, or of being obtained in a pure state; as, gold is isolable.

I"so*late (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Isolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Isolating (?).] [It. isolato, p. p. of isolare to isolate, fr. isola island, L. insula. See 2d Isle, and cf. Insulate.]

1. To place in a detached situation; to place by itself or alone; to insulate; to separate from others.

Short isolated sentences were the mode in which ancient wisdom delighted to convey its precepts.
Bp. Warburton.

2. (Elec.) To insulate. See Insulate.

3. (Chem.) To separate from all foreign substances; to make pure; to obtain in a free state.

I"so*la`ted (?), a. Placed or standing alone; detached; separated from others.

Isolated point of a curve. (Geom.) See Acnode.

I"so*la`ted*ly (?), adv. In an isolated manner.

I`so*la"tion (-lā"shŭn), n. [Cf. F. isolation.] The act of isolating, or the state of being isolated; insulation; separation; loneliness. Milman.

I"so*la`tor (ī"s&osl;*lā`t&etilde;r or īs"&osl;*lā`t&etilde;r), n. One who, or that which, isolates.

I*sol"o*gous (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. lo`gos proportion.] (Chem.) Having similar proportions, similar relations, or similar differences of composition; -- said specifically of groups or series which differ by a constant difference; as, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene, or their analogous compounds, form an isologous series.

I"so*mer (ī"s&osl;*m&etilde;r), n. [See Isomeric.] (Chem.) A body or compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a member of an isomeric series.

I`so*mer"ic (-m&ebreve;r"&ibreve;k), a. [Iso- + Gr. me`ros part: cf. F. isomérique.] (Chem.) Having the same percentage composition; -- said of two or more different substances which contain the same ingredients in the same proportions by weight, often used with with. Specif.: (a) Polymeric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight, but with different molecular weights; as, acetylene and benzine are isomeric (polymeric) with each other in this sense. See Polymeric. (b) Metameric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportions by weight, and with the same molecular weight, but with a different structure or arrangement of the ultimate parts; as, ethyl alcohol and methyl ether are isomeric (metameric) with each other in this sense. See Metameric.

I*som"er*ide (?), n. (Chem.) An isomer. [R.]

I*som"er*ism (?), n. (Chem.) The state, quality, or relation, of two or more isomeric substances.

Physical isomerism (Chem.), the condition or relation of certain (metameric) substances, which, while chemically identical (in that they have the same composition, the same molecular weights, and the same ultimate constitution), are yet physically different, as in their action on polarized light, as dextro- and lævo-tartaric acids. In such compounds there is usually at least one unsymmetrical carbon atom. See Unsymmetrical.

I`so*mer`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Isomer + Gr. &?; form + -ism.] (Crystallog.) Isomorphism between substances that are isomeric.

{ I`so*met"ric (?), I`so*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Iso- + Gr. me`tron measure.] 1. Pertaining to, or characterized by, equality of measure.

2. (Crystallog.) Noting, or conforming to, that system of crystallization in which the three axes are of equal length and at right angles to each other; monometric; regular; cubic. Cf. Crystallization.

Isometric lines (Thermodynamics), lines representing in a diagram the relations of pressure and temperature in a gas, when the volume remains constant. -- Isometrical perspective. See under Perspective. -- Isometrical projection, a species of orthographic projection, in which but a single plane of projection is used. It is so named from the fact that the projections of three equal lines, parallel respectively to three rectangular axes, are equal to one another. This kind of projection is principally used in delineating buildings or machinery, in which the principal lines are parallel to three rectangular axes, and the principal planes are parallel to three rectangular planes passing through the three axes.

I"so*morph (?), n. [See Isomorphous.] A substance which is similar to another in crystalline form and composition.

I`so*mor"phic (?), a. Isomorphous.

I`so*mor"phism (?), n. [Cf. F. isomorphisme.] (Crystallog.) A similarity of crystalline form between substances of similar composition, as between the sulphates of barium (BaSO4) and strontium (SrSO4). It is sometimes extended to include similarity of form between substances of unlike composition, which is more properly called homœomorphism.

I`so*mor"phous (?), a. [Iso- + -morphous.] Having the quality of isomorphism.

||I`so*nan"dra (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a man, male.] (Bot.) A genus of sapotaceous trees of India. Isonandra Gutta is the principal source of gutta-percha.

I`so*ne*phel"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; a cloud.] (Phys. Geog.) Having, or indicating, an equal amount of cloudiness for a given period; as, isonephelic regions; an isonephelic line.

I`so*nic"o*tine (?), n. [Iso- + nicotine.] (Chem.) A crystalline, nitrogenous base, C10H14N2, isomeric with nicotine.

I`so*nic`o*tin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, or derived from, isonicotine. (b) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid isomeric with nicotinic acid.

I`so*ni*tro"so- (?). [Iso- + nitroso-.] (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively), signifying: Pertaining to, or designating, the characteristic, nitrogenous radical, NOH, called the isonitroso group.

I`so*nom"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; equal + no`mos law.] The same, or equal, in law or right; one in kind or origin; analogous; similar. Dana.

I*son"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. isonomie. See Isonomic.] Equal law or right; equal distribution of rights and privileges; similarity.

I*sop"a*thy (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; suffering.] (Med.) (a) The system which undertakes to cure a disease by means of the virus of the same disease. (b) The theory of curing a diseased organ by eating the analogous organ of a healthy animal. Mayne. (c) The doctrine that the power of therapeutics is equal to that of the causes of disease.

I`so*pep"sin (?), n. [Iso- + pepsin.] (Physiol. Chem.) Pepsin modified by exposure to a temperature of from 40° to 60° C.

I`so*per`i*met"ric*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; equal + &?; circumference: cf. F. isopérimètre. See Perimeter.] (Geom.) Having equal perimeters of circumferences; as, isoperimetrical figures or bodies.

I`so*per*im"e*try (?), n. (Geom.) The science of figures having equal perimeters or boundaries.

I`so*pi*es"tic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; to press.] (Thermodynamics) Having equal pressure.

Isopiestic lines, lines showing, in a diagram, the relations of temperature and volume, when the elastic force is constant; -- called also isobars.

||I`so*pleu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Iso-, and Pleura.] (Zoöl.) A subclass of Gastropoda, in which the body is symmetrical, the right and left sides being equal.

&fist; The intestine terminates at the posterior end of the body, and the gills and circulatory and reproductive organs are paired. It includes the chitons (Polyplacophora), together with Neomenia and Chætoderma, which are wormlike forms without a shell.

I"so*pod (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the legs similar in structure; belonging to the Isopoda. -- n. One of the Isopoda.

||I*sop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Iso-, and -poda.] (Zoöl.) An order of sessile-eyed Crustacea, usually having seven pairs of legs, which are all similar in structure.

&fist; The body is usually depressed, with the abdominal segments short, and often consolidated in part. The branchiæ are on the abdominal appendages. The group includes the terrestrial pill bugs and sow bugs, with numerous marine forms. See Arthrostrata, Gribble.

I`so*pod"i*form (?), a. [Isopod + -form.] (Zoöl.) Having the shape of an isopod; -- said of the larvæ of certain insects.

I*sop"o*dous (?), a. Same as Isopod.

I`so*pog"o*nous (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; beard.] (Zoöl.) Having the two webs equal in breadth; -- said of feathers.

I"so*prene (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Chem.) An oily, volatile hydrocarbon, obtained by the distillation of caoutchouc or gutta-percha.

I`so*pyc"nic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. pykno`s dense.] (Physics) Having equal density, as different regions of a medium; passing through points at which the density is equal; as, an isopycnic line or surface.

I`so*pyc"nic, n. (Physics) A line or surface passing through those points in a medium, at which the density is the same.

I*sor"cin (?), n. [Iso- + orcin.] (Chem.) A crystalline hydrocarbon derivative, metameric with orcin, but produced artificially; -- called also cresorcin.

I`sor*rop"ic (?), a. [Gr. 'iso`rropos in equipoise; 'i`sos equal + "roph` downward inclination or momentum.] Of equal value.

Isorropic line (in a diagram) (Geom.), the locus of all the points for which a specified function has a constant value. Newcomb.

I*sos"ce*les (?), a. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; 'i`sos equal + &?; leg.] (Geom.) Having two legs or sides that are equal; -- said of a triangle.

||I`so*spon"dy*li (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'i`sos equal + &?;, &?;, a vertebra.] (Zoöl.) An extensive order of fishes, including the salmons, herrings, and many allied forms.

I`so*spon"dy*lous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Isospondyli; having the anterior vertebræ separate and normal.

I`so*spor"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) Producing but one kind of spore, as the ferns and Equiseta. Cf. Heterosporic.

I`so*stem"o*nous (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. sth`mwn thread.] (Bot.) Having exactly as many stamens as petals.

I`so*stem"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) The quality or state of being isostemonous.

I`so*sul`pho*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of isosulphocyanic acid.

I`so*sul`pho*cy*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, HNCS, isomeric with sulphocyanic acid.

I*soth"er*al (?), a. Having the nature of an isothere; indicating the distribution of temperature by means of an isothere; as, an isotheral chart or line.

I"so*there (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; summer, &?; to heat.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean summer temperature.

I"so*therm (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; heat, fr. &?; hot.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface having the same temperature. This may be the temperature for a given time of observation, or the mean temperature for a year or other period. Also, a similar line based on the distribution of temperature in the ocean.

I`so*ther"mal (?), a. [Cf. F. isotherme.] (a) Relating to equality of temperature. (b) (Phys. Geog.) Having reference to the geographical distribution of temperature, as exhibited by means of isotherms; as, an isothermal line; an isothermal chart.

Isothermal line. (a) An isotherm. (b) A line drawn on a diagram of energy such that its ordinates represent the pressures of a substance corresponding to various volumes, while the absolute temperature is maintained at a constant value. -- Isothermal zones, spaces on opposite sides of the equator having the same mean temperature, and bounded by corresponding isothermal lines.

I`so*ther"mo*bath (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; hot + &?; depth.] (Phys. Geog) A line drawn through points of equal temperature in a vertical section of the ocean.

I`so*ther`mo*bath"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an isothermobath; possessing or indicating equal temperatures in a vertical section, as of the ocean.

I*soth`er*om"brose (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. qe`ros summer + 'o`mbros rain.] (Phys. Geog) A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface, which have the same mean summer rainfall.

I`so*ton"ic (?), a. [Iso- + tonic.] Having or indicating, equal tones, or tension.

Isotonic system (Mus.), a system consisting of intervals, in which each concord is alike tempered, and in which there are twelve equal semitones.

I`so*tri*mor"phic (?), a. Isotrimorphous.

I`so*tri*mor"phism (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; thrice + &?; form.] Isomorphism between the three forms, severally, of two trimorphous substances.

I`so*tri*mor"phous (?), a. Having the quality of isotrimorphism; isotrimorphic.

I`so*trop"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; a turning, fr. &?; to turn.] (Physics) Having the same properties in all directions; specifically, equally elastic in all directions.

I*sot"ro*pism (?), n. Isotropy.

I*sot"ro*pous (?), a. Isotropic.

I*sot"ro*py (?), n. (Physics) Uniformity of physical properties in all directions in a body; absence of all kinds of polarity; specifically, equal elasticity in all directions.

I`so*u"ric (?), a. [Iso- + uric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, isomeric with uric acid.

Is"ra*el*ite (?), n. [L. Israëlites, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, Israel, Heb. Yisrā&?;l, i. e., champion of God; sārāh to fight + &?;l God.] A descendant of Israel, or Jacob; a Hebrew; a Jew.

{ Is`ra*el*it"ic (?), Is"ra*el*i`tish (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Israel, or to the Israelites; Jewish; Hebrew.

Is"su*a*ble (?), a. [From Issue.]

1. Leading to, producing, or relating to, an issue; capable of being made an issue at law. Burrill.

2. Lawful or suitable to be issued; as, a writ issuable on these grounds.

Issuable plea (Law), a plea to the merits, on which the adverse party may take issue and proceed to trial.

Is"su*a*bly (?), adv. In an issuable manner; by way of issue; as, to plead issuably.

Is"su*ance (?), n. The act of issuing, or giving out; as, the issuance of an order; the issuance of rations, and the like.

Is"su*ant (?), a. (Her.) Issuing or coming up; -- a term used to express a charge or bearing rising or coming out of another.

Is"sue (&ibreve;sh"&usl;), n. [OF. issue, eissue, F. issue, fr. OF. issir, eissir, to go out, L. exire; ex out of, from + ire to go, akin to Gr. 'ie`nai, Skr. i, Goth. iddja went, used as prefect of gaggan to go. Cf. Ambition, Count a nobleman, Commence, Errant, Exit, Eyre, Initial, Yede went.]

1. The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out from any inclosed place; egress; as, the issue of water from a pipe, of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows, of people from a house.

2. The act of sending out, or causing to go forth; delivery; issuance; as, the issue of an order from a commanding officer; the issue of money from a treasury.

3. That which passes, flows, or is sent out; the whole quantity sent forth or emitted at one time; as, an issue of bank notes; the daily issue of a newspaper.

4. Progeny; a child or children; offspring. In law, sometimes, in a general sense, all persons descended from a common ancestor; all lineal descendants.

If the king
Should without issue die.
Shak.

5. Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or other property; as, A conveyed to B all his right for a term of years, with all the issues, rents, and profits.

6. A discharge of flux, as of blood. Matt. ix. 20.

7. (Med.) An artificial ulcer, usually made in the fleshy part of the arm or leg, to produce the secretion and discharge of pus for the relief of some affected part.

8. The final outcome or result; upshot; conclusion; event; hence, contest; test; trial.

Come forth to view
The issue of the exploit.
Shak.

While it is hot, I 'll put it to the issue.
Shak.

9. A point in debate or controversy on which the parties take affirmative and negative positions; a presentation of alternatives between which to choose or decide.

10. (Law) In pleading, a single material point of law or fact depending in the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the other, is presented for determination. See General issue, under General, and Feigned issue, under Feigned. Blount. Cowell.

At issue, in controversy; disputed; opposing or contesting; hence, at variance; disagreeing; inconsistent.

As much at issue with the summer day
As if you brought a candle out of doors.
Mrs. Browning.

-- Bank of issue, Collateral issue, etc. See under Bank, Collateral, etc. -- Issue pea, a pea, or a similar round body, used to maintain irritation in a wound, and promote the secretion and discharge of pus. -- To join, or take, issue, to take opposing sides in a matter in controversy.

Is"sue, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Issued (&ibreve;sh"&usl;d); p. pr. & vb. n. Issuing.]

1. To pass or flow out; to run out, as from any inclosed place.

From it issued forced drops of blood.
Shak.

2. To go out; to rush out; to sally forth; as, troops issued from the town, and attacked the besiegers.

3. To proceed, as from a source; as, water issues from springs; light issues from the sun.

4. To proceed, as progeny; to be derived; to be descended; to spring.

Of thy sons that shall issue from thee.
2 Kings xx. 18.

5. To extend; to pass or open; as, the path issues into the highway.

6. To be produced as an effect or result; to grow or accrue; to arise; to proceed; as, rents and profits issuing from land, tenements, or a capital stock.

7. To close; to end; to terminate; to turn out; as, we know not how the cause will issue.

8. (Law) In pleading, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join issue.

Is"sue (&ibreve;sh"&usl;), v. t. 1. To send out; to put into circulation; as, to issue notes from a bank.

2. To deliver for use; as, to issue provisions.

3. To send out officially; to deliver by authority; as, to issue an order; to issue a writ.

Is"sue*less, a. Having no issue or progeny; childless. "The heavens . . . have left me issueless." Shak.

Is"su*er (?), n. One who issues, emits, or publishes.

-ist (?). [Gr. &?;: cf. F. -iste.] A noun suffix denoting an agent, or doer, one who practices, a believer in; as, theorist, one who theorizes; socialist, one who holds to socialism; sensualist, one given to sensuality.

Is't (?). A contraction of is it.

Isth"mi*an (?), a. [L. Isthmius, Gr. &?;. See Isthmus.] Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of Corinth, in Greece.

Isthmian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of Greece, celebrated on the Isthmus of Corinth in the spring of every alternate year. They consisted of all kinds of athletic sports, wrestling, boxing, racing on foot and in chariots, and also contests in music and poetry. The prize was a garland of pine leaves.

Isth"mus (?; 277), n.; pl. Isthmuses (#). [L. isthmus, Gr. 'isqmo`s a neck, a neck of land between two seas, an isthmus, especially the Isthmus of Corinth; prob. from the root of 'ie`nai to go; cf. Icel. eið isthmus. See Issue.] (Geog.) A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland; as, the Isthmus of Panama; the Isthmus of Suez, etc.

Isthmus of the fauces. (Anat.) See Fauces.

Is"tle (?), n. Same as Ixtle.

I*su"ret (?), n. [Iso- + urea.] (Chem.) An artificial nitrogenous base, isomeric with urea, and forming a white crystalline substance; -- called also isuretine.

It (&ibreve;t), pron. [OE. it, hit, AS. hit; cf. D. het. √181. See He.] The neuter pronoun of the third person, corresponding to the masculine pronoun he and the feminine she, and having the same plural (they, their or theirs, them).

&fist; The possessive form its is modern, being rarely found in the writings of Shakespeare and Milton, and not at all in the original King James's version of the Bible. During the transition from the regular his to the anomalous its, it was to some extent employed in the possessive without the case ending. See His, and He. In Dryden's time its had become quite established as the regular form.

The day present hath ever inough to do with it owne grief.
Genevan Test.

Do, child, go to it grandam, child.
Shak.

It knighthood shall do worse. It shall fright all it friends with borrowing letters.
B. Jonson.

&fist; In the course of time, the nature of the neuter sign t in it, the form being found in but a few words, became misunderstood. Instead of being looked upon as an affix, it passed for part of the original word. Hence was formed from it the anomalous genitive its, superseding the Saxon his. Latham.

The fruit tree yielding fruit after his (its) kind.
Gen. i. 11.

It is used,

1. As a substance for any noun of the neuter gender; as, here is the book, take it home.

2. As a demonstrative, especially at the beginning of a sentence, pointing to that which is about to be stated, named, or mentioned, or referring to that which apparent or well known; as, I saw it was John.

It is I; be not afraid.
Matt. xiv. 27.

Peter heard that it was the Lord.
John xxi. 7.

Often, in such cases, as a substitute for a sentence or clause; as, it is thought he will come; it is wrong to do this.

3. As an indefinite nominative for a impersonal verb; as, it snows; it rains.

4. As a substitute for such general terms as, the state of affairs, the condition of things, and the like; as, how is it with the sick man?

Think on me when it shall be well with thee.
Gen. xl. 14.

5. As an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a substantive used humorously as a verb; as, to foot it (i. e., to walk).

The Lacedemonians, at the Straits of Thermopylæ, when their arms failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth.
Dryden.

Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it,
If folly grows romantic, I must paint it.
Pope.

Its self. See Itself.

I"ta*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. itacisme. See Etacism, and cf. Iotacism.] (Greek Gram.) Pronunciation of η (eta) as the modern Greeks pronounce it, that is, like e in the English word be. This was the pronunciation advocated by Reuchlin and his followers, in opposition to the etacism of Erasmus. See Etacism.

In all such questions between ε and αι the confusing element of itacism comes in.
Alford.

I"ta*cist (?), n. [Cf. F. itaciste.] One who is in favor of itacism.

It`a*col"u*mite (?), n. [From Itacolumi, a mountain of Brazil.] (Min.) A laminated, granular, siliceous rocks, often occurring in regions where the diamond is found.

It`a*con"ic (?), a. [From aconitic, by transposition of the letters.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C5H6O4, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by decomposing aconitic and other organic acids.

It"a*la (?), n. [Fem. of L. Italus Italian.] An early Latin version of the Scriptures (the Old Testament was translated from the Septuagint, and was also called the Italic version).

I*tal"ian (?), a. [Cf. F. italien, It. italiano. Cf. Italic.] Of or pertaining to Italy, or to its people or language.

Italian cloth a light material of cotton and worsted; -- called also farmer's satin. -- Italian iron, a heater for fluting frills. -- Italian juice, Calabrian liquorice.

I*tal"ian, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Italy.

2. The language used in Italy, or by the Italians.

I*tal"ian*ate (?), v. t. [Cf. It. italianare.] To render Italian, or conformable to Italian customs; to Italianize. [R.] Ascham.

I*tal"ian*ate (?), a. Italianized; Italianated. "Apish, childish, and Italianate." Marlowe.

I*tal"ian*ism (?), n. 1. A word, phrase, or idiom, peculiar to the Italians; an Italicism.

2. Attachment to, or sympathy for, Italy.

I*tal"ian*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Italianized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Italianizing (?).] [Cf. F. italianiser, It. italianizzare.]

1. To play the Italian; to speak Italian. Cotgrave.

2. To render Italian in any respect; to Italianate. "An Englishman Italianized." Lowell.

I*tal"ic (?), a. [L. Italicus: cf. F. italique. Cf. Italian.]

1. Relating to Italy or to its people.

2. Applied especially to a kind of type in which the letters do not stand upright, but slope toward the right; - - so called because dedicated to the States of Italy by the inventor, Aldus Manutius, about the year 1500.

Italic languages, the group or family of languages of ancient Italy. -- Italic order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite. - - Italic school, a term given to the Pythagorean and Eleatic philosophers, from the country where their doctrines were first promulgated. -- Italic version. See Itala.

I*tal"ic, n.; pl. Italics (&?;). (Print.) An Italic letter, character, or type (see Italic, a., 2.); -- often in the plural; as, the Italics are the author's. Italic letters are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis, etc. Also, collectively, Italic letters.

I*tal"i*cism (?), n. 1. A phrase or idiom peculiar to the Italian language; to Italianism.

2. The use of Italics.

I*tal"i*cize (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Italicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Italicizing (?).] To print in Italic characters; to underline written letters or words with a single line; as, to Italicize a word; Italicizes too much.

I"ta palm` (?). (Bot.) A magnificent species of palm (Mauritia flexuosa), growing near the Orinoco. The natives eat its fruit and buds, drink its sap, and make thread and cord from its fiber.

Itch (&ibreve;ch), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itched (&ibreve;cht); p. pr. & vb. n. Itching.] [OE. icchen, &yogh;icchen, AS. giccan; akin to D. jeuken, joken, G. jucken, OHG. jucchen.]

1. To have an uneasy sensation in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part affected.

My mouth hath itched all this long day.
Chaucer.

2. To have a constant desire or teasing uneasiness; to long for; as, itching ears. "An itching palm." Shak.

Itch, n. 1. (Med.) An eruption of small, isolated, acuminated vesicles, produced by the entrance of a parasitic mite (the Sarcoptes scabei), and attended with itching. It is transmissible by contact.

2. Any itching eruption.

3. A sensation in the skin occasioned (or resembling that occasioned) by the itch eruption; -- called also scabies, psora, etc.

4. A constant irritating desire.

An itch of being thought a divine king.
Dryden.

Baker's itch. See under Baker. - - Barber's itch, sycosis. -- Bricklayer's itch, an eczema of the hands attended with much itching, occurring among bricklayers. -- Grocer's itch, an itching eruption, being a variety of eczema, produced by the sugar mite (Tyrogluphus sacchari). -- Itch insect (Zoöl.), a small parasitic mite (Sarcoptes scabei) which burrows and breeds beneath the human skin, thus causing the disease known as the itch. See Illust. in Append. -- Itch mite. (Zoöl.) Same as Itch insect, above. Also, other similar mites affecting the lower animals, as the horse and ox. -- Sugar baker's itch, a variety of eczema, due to the action of sugar upon the skin. -- Washerwoman's itch, eczema of the hands and arms, occurring among washerwomen.

Itch"i*ness (?), n. The state of being itchy.

Itch"less, a. Free from itching.

Itch"y (?), a. Infected with the itch, or with an itching sensation. Cowper.

-ite (?). [From Gr. &?;, &?;.] 1. A suffix denoting one of a party, a sympathizer with or adherent of, and the like, and frequently used in ridicule; as, a Millerite; a Benthamite.

2. A suffix used in naming minerals; as, chlorite, from its characteristic green color; barite, from its heaviness; graphite, from its use in writing.

3. (Chem.) A suffix used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end in -ous; as, sulphite, from sulphurous; nitrite, from nitrous acid, etc.

I"tem (?), adv. [L. See Iterate.] Also; as an additional article.

I"tem (?), n. [From Item, adv.]

1. An article; a separate particular in an account; as, the items in a bill.

2. A hint; an innuendo. [Obs.]

A secret item was given to some of the bishops . . . to absent themselves.
Fuller.

3. A short article in a newspaper; a paragraph; as, an item concerning the weather.

I"tem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Itemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iteming.] To make a note or memorandum of.

I have itemed it in my memory.
Addison.

I"tem*ize (?), v. t. To state in items, or by particulars; as, to itemize the cost of a railroad. [Local, U. S.]

||I"ter (?), n. [L. See Eyre.] (Anat.) A passage; esp., the passage between the third and fourth ventricles in the brain; the aqueduct of Sylvius.

It"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. iterabilis. See Iterate.] Capable of being iterated or repeated. [Obs.]

It"er*ance (?), n. Iteration. [Obs.]

It"er*ant (?), a. [L. iterans, p. pr. of iterare.] Repeating; iterating; as, an iterant echo. Bacon.

It"er*ate (?), a. [L. iteratus, p. p. of iterare to repeat, fr. iterum again, prop. a compar. from the stem of is he, that; cf. L. ita so, item likewise, also, Skr. itara other, iti thus. Cf. Identity, Item.] Uttered or done again; repeated. [Obs.] Bp. Gardiner.

It"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iterated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iterating.] To utter or do a second time or many times; to repeat; as, to iterate advice.

Nor Eve to iterate
Her former trespass feared.
Milton.

It"er*ate (?), adv. By way of iteration.

It`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. iteratio.] Recital or performance a second time; repetition. Bacon.

What needs this iteration, woman?
Shak.

It"er*a*tive (?), a. [L. iterativus: cf. F. itératif.] Repeating. Cotgrave. -- It"er*a*tive*ly, adv.

Ith`y*phal"lic (?), a. [L. ithyphallicus, fr. ithyphallus, Gr. &?;, membrum virile erectum, or a figure thereof carried in the festivals of Bacchus.] Lustful; lewd; salacious; indecent; obscene.

I*tin"er*a*cy (?), n. The act or practice of itinerating; itinerancy.

I*tin"er*an*cy (?), n. [See Itinerant.]

1. A passing from place to place. Dr. H. More.

2. A discharge of official duty involving frequent change of residence; the custom or practice of discharging official duty in this way; also, a body of persons who thus discharge official duty.

I*tin"er*ant (?), a. [LL. itinerans, -antis, p. pr. of itinerare to make a journey, fr. L. iter, itineris, a walk, way, journey. See Errant, Issue.] Passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a circuit; wandering; not settled; as, an itinerant preacher; an itinerant peddler.

The king's own courts were then itinerant, being kept in the king's palace, and removing with his household in those royal progresses which he continually made.
Blackstone.

I*tin"er*ant, a. One who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled.

Glad to turn itinerant,
To stroll and teach from town to town.
Hudibras.

I*tin"er*ant*ly, adv. In an itinerant manner.

I*tin"er*a*ry (?), a. [L. itinerarius: cf. F. itinéraire. See Itinerant.] Itinerant; traveling; passing from place to place; done on a journey.

It was rather an itinerary circuit of justice than a progress.
Bacon.

I*tin"er*a*ry, n.; pl. Itineraries (#). [L. itinerarium: cf. F. itinéraire. See Itinerary, a.] An account of travels, or a register of places and distances as a guide to travelers; as, the Itinerary of Antoninus.

I*tin"er*ate (?). v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itinerated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Itinerating (#).] [LL. itineratus, p. p. of itinerari, itinerare. See Itinerant.] To wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing, etc.

-i"tis (?), [Gr. &?;, orig, fem. adjective suffix.] A suffix used in medical terms to denote an inflammatory disease of; as, arthritis; bronchitis, phrenitis.

Its (?). Possessive form of the pronoun it. See It.

It*self" (?), pron. The neuter reciprocal pronoun of It; as, the thing is good in itself; it stands by itself.

Borrowing of foreigners, in itself, makes not the kingdom rich or poor.
Locke.

It"tri*a (?), n. [NL.] See Yttria.

It"tri*um (?), n. [NL.] See Yttrium.

It"zi*bu (?), n. [Jap. ichibu.] (Numis.) A silver coin of Japan, worth about thirty-four cents. [Written also itzebu, ichebu, itcheboo, etc.]

I*u"li*dan (?), n. [See Iulus.] (Zoöl.) One of the Iulidæ, a family of myriapods, of which the genus Iulus is the type. See Iulus.

||I*u"lus (?), n. [L., down, Gr. &?; down, centipede.] (Zoöl.) A genus of chilognathous myriapods. The body is long and round, consisting of numerous smooth, equal segments, each of which bears two pairs of short legs. It includes the galleyworms. See Chilognatha.

I*van" I*van"o*vitch (?). An ideal personification of the typical Russian or of the Russian people; -- used as "John Bull" is used for the typical Englishman.

I've (?). Colloquial contraction of I have.

-ive (?). [L. -ivus.] An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to; as affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive.

I"vied (?), a. [From Ivy.] Overgrown with ivy.

I"vo*ride (?), n. A composition resembling ivory in appearance and used as a substitute for it.

I"vo*ry (ī"v&osl;*r&ybreve;), n.; pl. Ivories (#). [OE. ivori, F. ivoire, fr. L. eboreus made of ivory, fr. ebur, eboris, ivory, cf. Skr. ibha elephant. Cf. Eburnean.]

1. The hard, white, opaque, fine-grained substance constituting the tusks of the elephant. It is a variety of dentine, characterized by the minuteness and close arrangement of the tubes, as also by their double flexure. It is used in manufacturing articles of ornament or utility.

&fist; Ivory is the name commercially given not only to the substance constituting the tusks of the elephant, but also to that of the tusks of the hippopotamus and walrus, the hornlike tusk of the narwhal, etc.

2. The tusks themselves of the elephant, etc.

3. Any carving executed in ivory. Mollett.

4. pl. Teeth; as, to show one's ivories. [Slang]

Ivory black. See under Black, n. -- Ivory gull (Zoöl.), a white Arctic gull (Larus eburneus). -- Ivory nut (Bot.), the nut of a species of palm, the Phytephas macroarpa, often as large as a hen's egg. When young the seed contains a fluid, which gradually hardness into a whitish, close-grained, albuminous substance, resembling the finest ivory in texture and color, whence it is called vegetable ivory. It is wrought into various articles, as buttons, chessmen, etc. The palm is found in New Grenada. A smaller kind is the fruit of the Phytephas microarpa. The nuts are known in commerce as Corosso nuts. -- Ivory palm (Bot.), the palm tree which produces ivory nuts. -- Ivory shell (Zoöl.), any species of Eburna, a genus of marine gastropod shells, having a smooth surface, usually white with red or brown spots. -- Vegetable ivory, the meat of the ivory nut. See Ivory nut (above).

I"vo*ry-bill` (ī"v&osl;*r&ybreve;*b&ibreve;l`), n. (Zoöl.) A large, handsome, North American woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), having a large, sharp, ivory-colored beak. Its general color is glossy black, with white secondaries, and a white dorsal stripe. The male has a large, scarlet crest. It is now rare, and found only in the Gulf States.

I"vo*ry*type` (?), n. (Photog.) A picture produced by superposing a very light print, rendered translucent by varnish, and tinted upon the back, upon a stronger print, so as to give the effect of a photograph in natural colors; -- called also hellenotype. Knight.

I"vy (?), n.; pl. Ivies (#). [AS. īfig; akin to OHG. ebawi, ebah, G. epheu.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Hedera (H. helix), common in Europe. Its leaves are evergreen, dark, smooth, shining, and mostly five- pointed; the flowers yellowish and small; the berries black or yellow. The stem clings to walls and trees by rootlike fibers.

Direct
The clasping ivy where to climb.
Milton.

Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere.
Milton.

American ivy. (Bot.) See Virginia creeper. -- English ivy (Bot.), a popular name in America for the ivy proper (Hedera helix). -- German ivy (Bot.), a creeping plant, with smooth, succulent stems, and fleshy, light-green leaves; a species of Senecio (S. scandens). -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) Gill (Nepeta Glechoma). -- Ivy bush. (Bot.) See Mountain laurel, under Mountain. -- Ivy owl (Zoöl.), the barn owl. -- Ivy tod (Bot.), the ivy plant. Tennyson. -- Japanese ivy (Bot.), a climbing plant (Ampelopsis tricuspidata), closely related to the Virginia creeper. -- Poison ivy (Bot.), an American woody creeper (Rhus Toxicodendron), with trifoliate leaves, and greenish-white berries. It is exceedingly poisonous to the touch for most persons. -- To pipe in an ivy leaf, to console one's self as best one can. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- West Indian ivy, a climbing plant of the genus Marcgravia.

I"vy-man`tled (?), a. Covered with ivy.

I*wis" (?), adv. Indeed; truly. See Ywis. [Written also iwys, iwisse, etc.] [Obs.] Ascham.

Ix"i*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; birdlime. So called because of the viscid nature of some of the species.] (Bot.) A South African bulbous plant of the Iris family, remarkable for the brilliancy of its flowers.

||Ix*o"des (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; like birdlime; &?; birdlime + &?; form.] (Zoöl.) A genus of parasitic Acarina, which includes various species of ticks. See Tick, the insect.

Ix*o"di*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) A tick of the genus Ixodes, or the family Ixodidæ.

{ Ix"tle, Ix"tli } (&ibreve;x"tl&esl;), n. (Bot.) A Mexican name for a variety of Agave rigida, which furnishes a strong coarse fiber; also, the fiber itself, which is called also pita, and Tampico fiber. [Written also istle.]

Iz"ard (?), n. (Zoöl.) A variety of the chamois found in the Pyrenees.

-ize (?). [F. -iser, L. -izare, Gr. &?;.] A verb suffix signifying to make, to do, to practice; as, apologize, baptize, theorize, tyrannize.

&fist; In the case of certain words the spelling with -ise (after analogy with F. -iser) is the usual form; as, catechise, criticise. With regard to most words, however, which have this suffix there is a diversity of usage, some authorities spelling -ise, others (as in this book) - ize.

Iz"e*di (?), n. One of an Oriental religious sect which worships Satan or the Devil.

The Izedis or Yezdis, the so-called Devil worshipers, still remain a numerous though oppressed people in Mesopotamia and adjacent countries.
Tylor.

Iz"e*dism (?), n. The religion of the Izedis.

Iz"zard (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Izard.

Iz"zard (?), n. [Formerly ezed, prob. fr. F. et zÉde and z.] The letter z; -- formerly so called.

J.

J (jā). J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of English y in yet. The forms J and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have been used interchangeably.

In medical prescriptions j is still used in place of i at the end of a number, as a Roman numeral; as, vj, xij.

J is etymologically most closely related to i, y, g; as in jot, iota; jest, gesture; join, jugular, yoke. See I.

J is a compound vocal consonant, nearly equivalent in sound to dzh. It is exactly the same as g in gem. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 179, 211, 239.

Jaal" goat` (?). (Zoöl.) A species of wild goat (Capra Nubiana) found in the mountains of Abyssinia, Upper Egypt, and Arabia; -- called also beden, and jaela.

Jab (?), v. t. [Cf. Job.] To thrust; to stab; to punch. See Job, v. t. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]

Jab, n. A thrust or stab. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]

Jab"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jabbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jabbering.] [Cf. Gibber, Gabble.] To talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly; to utter gibberish or nonsense; to chatter. Swift.

Jab"ber, v. t. To utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble; as, to jabber French. Addison.

Jab"ber, n. Rapid or incoherent talk, with indistinct utterance; gibberish. Swift.

Jab"ber*er (?), n. One who jabbers.

Jab"ber*ing*ly, adv. In a jabbering manner.

Jab"ber*ment (?), n. Jabber. [R.] Milton.

Jab"ber*nowl` (?), n. Same as Jobbernowl.

Jab"i*ru (?), n. [Braz. jabirú, jaburú.] (Zoöl.) One of several large wading birds of the genera Mycteria and Xenorhynchus, allied to the storks in form and habits.

&fist; The American jabiru (Mycteria Americana) is white, with the head and neck black and nearly bare of feathers. The East Indian and Australian (Xenorhynchus Australis) has the neck, head, and back covered with glossy, dark green feathers, changing on the head to purple. The African jabiru (Mycteria, or Ephippiorhynchus, Senegalensis) has the neck, head, wing coverts, and tail, black, and is called also saddle-billed stork.

Jab`o*ran"di (?), n. (Bot.) The native name of a South American rutaceous shrub (Pilocarpus pennatifolius). The leaves are used in medicine as an diaphoretic and sialogogue.

Jab"o*rine (?), n. [From Jaborandi.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in jaborandi leaves, from which it is extracted as a white amorphous substance. In its action it resembles atropine.

||Jab"ot (?), n. [F.]

1. Originally, a kind of ruffle worn by men on the bosom of the shirt.

2. An arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and worn by women on the front of the dress.

Jac"a*mar` (?), n. [F. jacamar, Braz. jacamarica; cf. Sp. jacamar.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of tropical American birds of the genus Galbula and allied genera. They are allied to the kingfishers, but climb on tree trunks like nuthatches, and feed upon insects. Their colors are often brilliant.

Jac"a*na` (?), n. [Cf. Sp. jacania.] (Zoöl.) Any of several wading birds belonging to the genus Jacana and several allied genera, all of which have spurs on the wings. They are able to run about over floating water weeds by means of their very long, spreading toes. Called also surgeon bird.

&fist; The most common South American species is Jacana spinosa. The East Indian or pheasant jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus) is remarkable for having four very long, curved, middle tail feathers.

Jac`a*ran"da (?), n. [Braz.; cf. Sp. & Pg. jacaranda.] (Bot.) (a) The native Brazilian name for certain leguminous trees, which produce the beautiful woods called king wood, tiger wood, and violet wood. (b) A genus of bignoniaceous Brazilian trees with showy trumpet-shaped flowers.

Jac"a*re` (?), n. [Pg. jacaré; of Brazilian origin.] (Zoöl.) A cayman. See Yacare.

Jac"chus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Jacchus a mystic name of Bacchus, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) The common marmoset (Hapale vulgaris). Formerly, the name was also applied to other species of the same genus.

Jac"co*net (?), n. See Jaconet.

Ja"cent (?), a. [L. jacens, p. pr. of jacere to lie: cf. F. jacent.] Lying at length; as, the jacent posture. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

Ja"cinth (?), n. [F. jacinthe, L. hyacinthus. See Hyacinth.] See Hyacinth. Tennyson.

Jack (jăk), n. [Pg. jaca, Malayalam, tsjaka.] (Bot.) A large tree, the Artocarpus integrifolia, common in the East Indies, closely allied to the breadfruit, from which it differs in having its leaves entire. The fruit is of great size, weighing from thirty to forty pounds, and through its soft fibrous matter are scattered the seeds, which are roasted and eaten. The wood is of a yellow color, fine grain, and rather heavy, and is much used in cabinetwork. It is also used for dyeing a brilliant yellow. [Written also jak.]

Jack (?), n. [F. Jacques James, L. Jacobus, Gr. &?;, Heb. Ya 'aqōb Jacob; prop., seizing by the heel; hence, a supplanter. Cf. Jacobite, Jockey.]

1. A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, John.

You are John Rugby, and you are Jack Rugby.
Shak.

2. An impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a clown; also, a servant; a rustic. "Jack fool." Chaucer.

Since every Jack became a gentleman,
There 's many a gentle person made a Jack.
Shak.

3. A popular colloquial name for a sailor; -- called also Jack tar, and Jack afloat.

4. A mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a subordinate part of a machine, rendering convenient service, and often supplying the place of a boy or attendant who was commonly called Jack; as: (a) A device to pull off boots. (b) A sawhorse or sawbuck. (c) A machine or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke jack, or kitchen jack. (b) (Mining) A wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by blasting. (e) (Knitting Machine) A lever for depressing the sinkers which push the loops down on the needles. (f) (Warping Machine) A grating to separate and guide the threads; a heck box. (g) (Spinning) A machine for twisting the sliver as it leaves the carding machine. (h) A compact, portable machine for planing metal. (i) A machine for slicking or pebbling leather. (k) A system of gearing driven by a horse power, for multiplying speed. (l) A hood or other device placed over a chimney or vent pipe, to prevent a back draught. (m) In the harpsichord, an intermediate piece communicating the action of the key to the quill; -- called also hopper. (n) In hunting, the pan or frame holding the fuel of the torch used to attract game at night; also, the light itself. C. Hallock.

5. A portable machine variously constructed, for exerting great pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body through a small distance. It consists of a lever, screw, rack and pinion, hydraulic press, or any simple combination of mechanical powers, working in a compact pedestal or support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc. The name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of jack.

6. The small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls. Shak.

Like an uninstructed bowler who thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straight forward upon it.
Sir W. Scott.

7. The male of certain animals, as of the ass.

8. (Zoöl.) (a) A young pike; a pickerel. (b) The jurel. (c) A large, California rock fish (Sebastodes paucispinus); -- called also boccaccio, and mérou. (d) The wall-eyed pike.

9. A drinking measure holding half a pint; also, one holding a quarter of a pint. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

10. (Naut.) (a) A flag, containing only the union, without the fly, usually hoisted on a jack staff at the bowsprit cap; -- called also union jack. The American jack is a small blue flag, with a star for each State. (b) A bar of iron athwart ships at a topgallant masthead, to support a royal mast, and give spread to the royal shrouds; -- called also jack crosstree. R. H. Dana, Jr.

11. The knave of a suit of playing cards.

&fist; Jack is used adjectively in various senses. It sometimes designates something cut short or diminished in size; as, a jack timber; a jack rafter; a jack arch, etc.

Jack arch, an arch of the thickness of one brick. -- Jack back (Brewing & Malt Vinegar Manuf.), a cistern which receives the wort. See under 1st Back. -- Jack block (Naut.), a block fixed in the topgallant or royal rigging, used for raising and lowering light masts and spars. -- Jack boots, boots reaching above the knee; -- worn in the 17 century by soldiers; afterwards by fishermen, etc. -- Jack crosstree. (Naut.) See 10, b, above. -- Jack curlew (Zoöl.), the whimbrel. -- Jack frame. (Cotton Spinning) See 4 (g), above. -- Jack Frost, frost personified as a mischievous person. -- Jack hare, a male hare. Cowper. -- Jack lamp, a lamp for still hunting and camp use. See def. 4 (n.), above. -- Jack plane, a joiner's plane used for coarse work. -- Jack post, one of the posts which support the crank shaft of a deep-well-boring apparatus. -- Jack pot (Poker Playing), the name given to the stakes, contributions to which are made by each player successively, till such a hand is turned as shall take the "pot," which is the sum total of all the bets. -- Jack rabbit (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large American hares, having very large ears and long legs. The California species (Lepus Californicus), and that of Texas and New Mexico (L. callotis), have the tail black above, and the ears black at the tip. They do not become white in winter. The more northern prairie hare (L. campestris) has the upper side of the tail white, and in winter its fur becomes nearly white. -- Jack rafter (Arch.), in England, one of the shorter rafters used in constructing a hip or valley roof; in the United States, any secondary roof timber, as the common rafters resting on purlins in a trussed roof; also, one of the pieces simulating extended rafters, used under the eaves in some styles of building. -- Jack salmon (Zoöl.), the wall-eyed pike, or glasseye. -- Jack sauce, an impudent fellow. [Colloq. & Obs.] -- Jack shaft (Mach.), the first intermediate shaft, in a factory or mill, which receives power, through belts or gearing, from a prime mover, and transmits it, by the same means, to other intermediate shafts or to a line shaft. -- Jack sinker (Knitting Mach.), a thin iron plate operated by the jack to depress the loop of thread between two needles. -- Jack snipe. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Jack staff (Naut.), a staff fixed on the bowsprit cap, upon which the jack is hoisted. -- Jack timber (Arch.), any timber, as a rafter, rib, or studding, which, being intercepted, is shorter than the others. -- Jack towel, a towel hung on a roller for common use. -- Jack truss (Arch.), in a hip roof, a minor truss used where the roof has not its full section. -- Jack tree. (Bot.) See 1st Jack, n. -- Jack yard (Naut.), a short spar to extend a topsail beyond the gaff.

Blue jack, blue vitriol; sulphate of copper. -- Hydraulic jack, a jack used for lifting, pulling, or forcing, consisting of a compact portable hydrostatic press, with its pump and a reservoir containing a supply of liquid, as oil. -- Jack-at-a-pinch. (a) One called upon to take the place of another in an emergency. (b) An itinerant parson who conducts an occasional service for a fee. -- Jack-at- all-trades, one who can turn his hand to any kind of work. -- Jack-by-the-hedge (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erysimum (E. alliaria, or Alliaria officinalis), which grows under hedges. It bears a white flower and has a taste not unlike garlic. Called also, in England, sauce-alone. Eng. Cyc. -- Jack- in-a-box. (a) (Bot.) A tropical tree (Hernandia sonora), which bears a drupe that rattles when dry in the inflated calyx. (b) A child's toy, consisting of a box, out of which, when the lid is raised, a figure springs. (c) (Mech.) An epicyclic train of bevel gears for transmitting rotary motion to two parts in such a manner that their relative rotation may be variable; applied to driving the wheels of tricycles, road locomotives, and to cotton machinery, etc.; an equation box; a jack frame; -- called also compensating gearing. (d) A large wooden screw turning in a nut attached to the crosspiece of a rude press. -- Jack-in-office, an insolent fellow in authority. Wolcott. -- Jack-in-the- bush (Bot.), a tropical shrub with red fruit (Cordia Cylindrostachya). -- Jack-in-the- green, a chimney sweep inclosed in a framework of boughs, carried in Mayday processions. -- Jack-in-the- pulpit (Bot.), the American plant Arisæma triphyllum, or Indian turnip, in which the upright spadix is inclosed. -- Jack-of-the- buttery (Bot.), the stonecrop (Sedum acre). -- Jack-of-the-clock, a figure, usually of a man, on old clocks, which struck the time on the bell. -- Jack-on-both-sides, one who is or tries to be neutral. -- Jack-out-of-office, one who has been in office and is turned out. Shak. - - Jack the Giant Killer, the hero of a well- known nursery story. -- Jack-with-a-lantern, Jack-o'-lantern. (a) An ignis fatuus; a will-o'-the-wisp. "[Newspaper speculations] supplying so many more jack-o'-lanterns to the future historian." Lowell. (b) A lantern made of a pumpkin so prepared as to show in illumination the features of a human face, etc. -- Yellow Jack (Naut.), the yellow fever; also, the quarantine flag. See Yellow flag, under Flag.

Jack (?), n. [F. jaque, jacque, perh. from the proper name Jacques. Cf. Jacquerie.] A coarse and cheap mediæval coat of defense, esp. one made of leather.

Their horsemen are with jacks for most part clad.
Sir J. Harrington.

Jack (?), n. [Named from its resemblance to a jack boot.] A pitcher or can of waxed leather; -- called also black jack. [Obs.] Dryden.

Jack, v. i. To hunt game at night by means of a jack. See 2d Jack, n., 4, n.

Jack, v. t. To move or lift, as a house, by means of a jack or jacks. See 2d Jack, n., 5.

Jack`-a-dan"dy (?), n. A little dandy; a little, foppish, impertinent fellow.

Jack"al` (?), n. [Pers. shaghāl: cf. OF. jackal, F. chacal; cf. Skr. çr.gāla.]

1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of carnivorous animals inhabiting Africa and Asia, related to the dog and wolf. They are cowardly, nocturnal, and gregarious. They feed largely on carrion, and are noted for their piercing and dismal howling.

&fist; The common species of Southern Asia (Canis aureus) is yellowish gray, varied with brown on the shoulders, haunches, and legs. The common African species (C. anthus) is darker in color.

2. One who does mean work for another's advantage, as jackals were once thought to kill game which lions appropriated. [Colloq.] Ld. Lytton.

Jack"-a-lent (?), n. A small stuffed puppet to be pelted in Lent; hence, a simple fellow.

Jack"a*napes (?), n. [For Jack o' (= of) apes; prop., a man who exhibits apes.] [Written also jackanape.]

1. A monkey; an ape. Shak.

2. A coxcomb; an impertinent or conceited fellow.

A young upstart jackanapes.
Arbuthnot.

Jack"ass` (?), n. [2d jack + ass.]

1. The male ass; a donkey.

2. A conceited dolt; a perverse blockhead.

Jackass bark (Naut.), a three-masted vessel, with only the foremast square-rigged; a barkentine. -- Jackass deer (Zoöl.), the koba. -- Jackass hare, Jackass rabbit (Zoöl.). See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack, n. -- Jackass penguin (Zoöl.), any species of penguin of the genus Spheniscus, of which several are known. One species (S. demersus) inhabits the islands near the Cape of Good Hope; another (S. Magellanicus) is found at the Falkland Islands. They make a noise like the braying of an ass; -- hence the name. -- Laughing jackass. (Zoöl.) See under Laughing.

Jack"daw` (?), n. [Prob. 2d jack + daw, n.] (Zoöl.) See Daw, n.

Jack*een" (?), n. A drunken, dissolute fellow. [Ireland] S. C. Hall.

Jack"et (?), n. [F. jaquette, dim. of jaque. See 3d Jack, n.]

1. A short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a short coat without skirts.

2. An outer covering for anything, esp. a covering of some nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to prevent radiation of heat, as from a steam boiler, cylinder, pipe, etc.

3. (Mil.) In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and reënforcing the tube in which the charge is fired.

4. A garment resembling a waistcoat lined with cork, to serve as a life preserver; -- called also cork jacket.

Blue jacket. (Naut.) See under Blue. -- Steam jacket, a space filled with steam between an inner and an outer cylinder, or between a casing and a receptacle, as a kettle. -- To dust one's jacket, to give one a beating. [Colloq.]

Jack"et, v. t. 1. To put a jacket on; to furnish, as a boiler, with a jacket.

2. To thrash; to beat. [Low]

Jack"et*ed, a. Wearing, or furnished with, a jacket.

Jack"et*ing, n. The material of a jacket; as, nonconducting jacketing.

Jack" Ketch" (?). [Perh. fr. Jack, the proper name + Prov. E. ketch a hangman, fr. ketch, for catch to seize; but see the citations below.] A public executioner, or hangman. [Eng.]

The manor of Tyburn was formerly held by Richard Jaquett, where felons for a long time were executed; from whence we have Jack Ketch.
Lloyd's MS., British Museum.

[Monmouth] then accosted John Ketch, the executioner, a wretch who had butchered many brave and noble victims, and whose name has, during a century and a half, been vulgarly given to all who have succeeded him in his odious office.
Macaulay.

Jack"knife` (?), n. A large, strong clasp knife for the pocket; a pocket knife.

Jack"man (?), n.; pl. Jackmen (&?;).

1. One wearing a jack; a horse soldier; a retainer. See 3d Jack, n.

Christie . . . the laird's chief jackman.
Sir W. Scott.

2. A cream cheese. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Jack"-o'-lan`tern (?), n. See Jack-with-a-lantern, under 2d Jack.

Jack"pud`ding (?), n. A merry- andrew; a buffoon. Milton.

Jack"saw` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The merganser.

Jack"screw` (?), n. A jack in which a screw is used for lifting, or exerting pressure. See Illust. of 2d Jack, n., 5.

Jack"slave` (?), n. A low servant; a mean fellow. Shak.

Jack"smith` (?), n. A smith who makes jacks. See 2d Jack, 4, c. Dryden.

Jack"snipe` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) A small European snipe (Limnocryptes gallinula); -- called also judcock, jedcock, juddock, jed, and half snipe. (b) A small American sandpiper (Tringa maculata); -- called also pectoral sandpiper, and grass snipe.

Jack"stay` (?), n. (Naut.) A rail of wood or iron stretching along a yard of a vessel, to which the sails are fastened.

Jack"stone` (?), n. (a) One of the pebbles or pieces used in the game of jackstones. (b) (pl.) A game played with five small stones or pieces of metal. See 6th Chuck.

Jack"straw` (?), n. 1. An effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man without property or influence. Milton.

2. One of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood, etc., for playing a child's game, the jackstraws being thrown confusedly together on a table, to be gathered up singly by a hooked instrument, without touching or disturbing the rest of the pile. See Spilikin.

Jack"wood` (?), n. Wood of the jack (Artocarpus integrifolia), used in cabinetwork.

Ja"cob (?), n. [Cf. F. Jacob. See 2d Jack.] A Hebrew patriarch (son of Isaac, and ancestor of the Jews), who in a vision saw a ladder reaching up to heaven (Gen. xxviii. 12); -- also called Israel.

And Jacob said . . . with my staff I passed over this Jordan, and now I am become two bands.
Gen. xxxii. 9, 10.

Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel.
Gen. xxxii. 28.

Jacob's ladder. (a) (Bot.) A perennial herb of the genus Polemonium (P. cœruleum), having corymbs of drooping flowers, usually blue. Gray. (b) (Naut.) A rope ladder, with wooden steps, for going aloft. R. H. Dana, Jr. (c) (Naut.) A succession of short cracks in a defective spar. -- Jacob's membrane. See Retina. -- Jacob's staff. (a) A name given to many forms of staff or weapon, especially in the Middle Ages; a pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Spenser. (b) (Surveying) See under Staff.

Jac`o*bæ"an lil"y (?). [See Jacobean.] (Bot.) A bulbous plant (Amaryllis, or Sprekelia, formosissima) from Mexico. It bears a single, large, deep, red, lilylike flower. [Written also Jacobean.]

{ Ja*co"be*an (?; 277), Ja*co"bi*an (?), } a. [From L. Jacobus James. See 2d Jack.] Of or pertaining to a style of architecture and decoration in the time of James the First, of England. "A Jacobean table." C. L. Eastlake.

Jac"o*bin (?), n. [F. See 2d Jack, Jacobite.]

1. (Eccl. Hist.) A Dominican friar; -- so named because, before the French Revolution, that order had a convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris.

2. One of a society of violent agitators in France, during the revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the Jacobin convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris, and concerted measures to control the proceedings of the National Assembly. Hence: A plotter against an existing government; a turbulent demagogue.

3. (Zoöl.) A fancy pigeon, in which the feathers of the neck form a hood, -- whence the name. The wings and tail are long, and the beak moderately short.

Jac"o*bin, a. Same as Jacobinic.

Jac"o*bine (?), n. A Jacobin.

{ Jac`o*bin"ic (?), Jac`o*bin"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the Jacobins of France; revolutionary; of the nature of, or characterized by, Jacobinism. Burke. -- Jac`o*bin"ic*al*ly, adv.

Jac"o*bin*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. Jacobinisme.] The principles of the Jacobins; violent and factious opposition to legitimate government.

Under this new stimulus, Burn's previous Jacobitism passed towards the opposite, but not very distant, extreme of Jacobinism.
J. C. Shairp.

Jac"o*bin*ize` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jacobinized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jacobinizing (?).] [Cf. F. Jacobiniser.] To taint with, or convert to, Jacobinism.

France was not then jacobinized.
Burke.

Jac"o*bite (?), n. [L. Jacobus James: cf. F. Jacobite. See 2d Jack.]

1. (Eng. Hist.) A partisan or adherent of James the Second, after his abdication, or of his descendants, an opposer of the revolution in 1688 in favor of William and Mary. Macaulay.

2. (Eccl.) One of the sect of Syrian Monophysites. The sect is named after Jacob Baradæus, its leader in the sixth century.

Jac"o*bite, a. Of or pertaining to the Jacobites.

{ Jac`o*bit"ic (?), Jac`o*bit"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the Jacobites; characterized by Jacobitism. -- Jac`o*bit"ic*al*ly, adv.

Jac"o*bit*ism` (?), n. The principles of the Jacobites. Mason.

Ja*co"bus (?), n.; pl. Jacobuses (#). [See Jacobite.] An English gold coin, of the value of twenty-five shillings sterling, struck in the reign of James I.

Jac"o*net (?), n. [F. jaconas.] A thin cotton fabric, between cambric and muslin, used for dresses, neckcloths, etc. [Written also jacconet.]

Jac*quard" (?), a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Jacquard, a French mechanician, who died in 1834.

Jacquard apparatus or arrangement, a device applied to looms for weaving figured goods, consisting of mechanism controlled by a chain of variously perforated cards, which cause the warp threads to be lifted in the proper succession for producing the required figure. -- Jacquard card, one of the perforated cards of a Jacquard apparatus. -- Jacquard loom, a loom with Jacquard apparatus.

||Jacque"mi*not (?), n. A half- hardy, deep crimson rose of the remontant class; -- so named after General Jacqueminot, of France.

||Jacque`rie" (?), n. [F.] The name given to a revolt of French peasants against the nobles in 1358, the leader assuming the contemptuous title, Jacques Bonhomme, given by the nobles to the peasantry. Hence, any revolt of peasants.

Jac"tan*cy (jăk"tan*s&ybreve;), n. [L. jactantia, fr. jactans, p. pr. of jactare to throw, boast, freq. fr. jacere to throw; cf. F. jactance.] A boasting; a bragging. [Obs.]

Jac*ta"tion (jăk*tā"shŭn), n. [L. jactatio, fr. jactare: af. F. jactation. See Jactancy.] A throwing or tossing of the body; a shaking or agitation. Sir. W. Temple.

Jac"ti*ta"tion (?), n. [L. jactitare to utter in public, from jactare. See Jactancy.]

1. (Law) Vain boasting or assertions repeated to the prejudice of another's right; false claim. Mozley & W.

2. (Med.) A frequent tossing or moving of the body; restlessness, as in delirium. Dunglison.

Jactitation of marriage (Eng. Eccl. Law), a giving out or boasting by a party that he or she is married to another, whereby a common reputation of their matrimony may ensue. Blackstone.

Jac"u*la*ble (?), a. Fit for throwing. [Obs.]

Jac"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jaculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jaculating.] [L. jaculatus, p. p. of jaculari. See Ejaculate.] To throw or cast, as a dart; to throw out; to emit.

Jac`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. jaculatio.] The act of tossing, throwing, or hurling, as spears.

Hurled to and fro with jaculation dire.
Milton.

Jac"u*la`tor (?), [L.] 1. One who throws or casts. [R.]

2. (Zoöl.) The archer fish (Toxotes jaculator).

Jac"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. jaculatorius: cf. F. jaculatoire.] Darting or throwing out suddenly; also, suddenly thrown out; uttered in short sentences; ejaculatory; as, jaculatory prayers. Smart.

Jad"ding (?), n. (Mining) See Holing.

Jade (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. jade, fr. piedra de ijada stone of the side, fr. ijada flank, side, pain in the side, the stone being so named because it was supposed to cure this pain. Sp. ijada is derived fr. L. ilia flanks. Cf. Iliac.] (Min.) A stone, commonly of a pale to dark green color but sometimes whitish. It is very hard and compact, capable of fine polish, and is used for ornamental purposes and for implements, esp. in Eastern countries and among many early peoples.

&fist; The general term jade includes nephrite, a compact variety of tremolite with a specific gravity of 3, and also the mineral jadeite, a silicate of alumina and soda, with a specific gravity of 3.3. The latter is the more highly prized and includes the feitsui of the Chinese. The name has also been given to other tough green minerals capable of similar use.

Jade, n. [OE. jade; cf. Prov. E. yaud, Scot. yade, yad, yaud, Icel. jalda a mare.]

1. A mean or tired horse; a worthless nag. Chaucer.

Tired as a jade in overloaden cart.
Sir P. Sidney.

2. A disreputable or vicious woman; a wench; a quean; also, sometimes, a worthless man. Shak.

She shines the first of battered jades.
Swift.

3. A young woman; -- generally so called in irony or slight contempt.

A souple jade she was, and strang.
Burns.

Jade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Jading.]

1. To treat like a jade; to spurn. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make ridiculous and contemptible. [Obs.]

I do now fool myself, to let imagination jade me.
Shak.

3. To exhaust by overdriving or long- continued labor of any kind; to tire or wear out by severe or tedious tasks; to harass.

The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, . . . checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after.
Locke.

Syn. -- To fatigue; tire; weary; harass. -- To Jade, Fatigue, Tire, Weary. Fatigue is the generic term; tire denotes fatigue which wastes the strength; weary implies that a person is worn out by exertion; jade refers to the weariness created by a long and steady repetition of the same act or effort. A little exertion will tire a child or a weak person; a severe or protracted task wearies equally the body and the mind; the most powerful horse becomes jaded on a long journey by a continual straining of the same muscles. Wearied with labor of body or mind; tired of work, tired out by importunities; jaded by incessant attention to business.

Jade, v. i. To become weary; to lose spirit.

They . . . fail, and jade, and tire in the prosecution.
South.

Jade"ite (?), n. (Min.) See Jade, the stone.

Jad"er*y (?), n. The tricks of a jade.

Jad"ish, a. 1. Vicious; ill-tempered; resembling a jade; -- applied to a horse.

2. Unchaste; -- applied to a woman. L'Estrange.

||Jae"ger (?), n. See Jager.

Jag (?), n. [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. gag aperture, cleft, chink; akin to Ir. & Gael. gag.] [Written also jagg.]

1. A notch; a cleft; a barb; a ragged or sharp protuberance; a denticulation.

Arethuss arose . . .
From rock and from jag.
Shelley.

Garments thus beset with long jags.
Holland.

2. A part broken off; a fragment. Bp. Hacket.

3. (Bot.) A cleft or division.

Jag bolt, a bolt with a nicked or barbed shank which resists retraction, as when leaded into stone.

Jag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jagging (?).] To cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw; to notch. [Written also jagg.]

Jagging iron, a wheel with a zigzag or jagged edge for cutting cakes or pastry into ornamental figures.

Jag, n. [Scot. jag, jaug, a leather bag or wallet, a pocket. Cf. Jag a notch.] A small load, as of hay or grain in the straw, or of ore. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] [Written also jagg.] Forby.

Jag, v. t. To carry, as a load; as, to jag hay, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

{ ||Jag`a*nat"ha (?), ||Jag`a*nat"ha (?), } n. See Juggernaut.

Ja"ger (?), n. [G. jäger a hunter, a sportsman. Cf. Yager.] [Written also jaeger.] 1. (Mil.) A sharpshooter. See Yager.

2. (Zoöl.) Any species of gull of the genus Stercorarius. Three species occur on the Atlantic coast. The jagers pursue other species of gulls and force them to disgorge their prey. The two middle tail feathers are usually decidedly longer than the rest. Called also boatswain, and marline-spike bird. The name is also applied to the skua, or Arctic gull (Megalestris skua).

Jagg (?), v. t. & n. See Jag.

Jag"ged (jăg"g&ebreve;d), a. Having jags; having rough, sharp notches, protuberances, or teeth; cleft; laciniate; divided; as, jagged rocks. " Jagged vine leaves' shade." Trench. -- Jag"ged*ly, adv. -- Jag"ged*ness, n.

Jag"ger (jăg"g&etilde;r), n. One who carries about a small load; a peddler. See 2d Jag. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Jag"ger, n. [From 4th Jag.] One who, or that which, jags; specifically: (a) jagging iron used for crimping pies, cakes, etc. (b) A toothed chisel. See Jag, v. t.

Jagger spring, a spring beneath a seat, and resting on cleats or blocks in the body of a vehicle. Knight.

Jag"ger*y (?), n. [Hind jāgrī. Cf. Sugar.] Raw palm sugar, made in the East Indies by evaporating the fresh juice of several kinds of palm trees, but specifically that of the palmyra (Borassus flabelliformis). [Written also jagghery.]

Jag"gy (?), a. Having jags; set with teeth; notched; uneven; as, jaggy teeth. Addison.

||Ja"ghir (?), n. [Per. jāgīr.] A village or district the government and revenues of which are assigned to some person, usually in consideration of some service to be rendered, esp. the maintenance of troops. [Written also jaghire, jagir, etc.] [India] Whitworth.

||Ja"ghir*dar` (?), n. [Per. jāgīr-dār.] The holder of a jaghir.

Ja"gua palm` (?). [Sp. jagua the fruit of the jagua palm.] (Bot.) A great Brazilian palm (Maximiliana regia), having immense spathes which are used for baskets and tubs.

Ja*guar" (?), n. [Braz. yagoára: cf. & Pg. jaguar.] (Zoöl.) A large and powerful feline animal (Felis onca), ranging from Texas and Mexico to Patagonia. It is usually brownish yellow, with large, dark, somewhat angular rings, each generally inclosing one or two dark spots. It is chiefly arboreal in its habits. Called also the American tiger.

||Ja`gua*ron"di (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A South American wild cat (Felis jaguarondi), having a long, slim body and very short legs. Its color is grayish brown, varied with a blackish hue. It is arboreal in its habits and feeds mostly on birds.

Jah (jä), n. [Heb. yāh.] Jehovah. Ps. lxviii. 4.

Jail (?), n. [OE. jaile, gail, gayhol, OF. gaole, gaiole, jaiole, F. geôle, LL. gabiola, dim. of gabia cage, for L. cavea cavity, cage. See Cage.] A kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons held in lawful custody, especially for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding. [Written also gaol.]

This jail I count the house of liberty.
Milton.

Jail bird, a prisoner; one who has been confined in prison. [Slang] -- Jail delivery, the release of prisoners from jail, either legally or by violence. -- Jail delivery commission. See under Gaol. -- Jail fever (Med.), typhus fever, or a disease resembling it, generated in jails and other places crowded with people; -- called also hospital fever, and ship fever. -- Jail liberties, or Jail limits, a space or district around a jail within which an imprisoned debtor was, on certain conditions, allowed to go at large. Abbott. -- Jail lock, a peculiar form of padlock; -- called also Scandinavian lock.

Jail, v. t. To imprison. [R.] T. Adams (1614).

[Bolts] that jail you from free life.
Tennyson.

Jail"er (?), n. [OE. jailer, gailer, OF. geolier, F. geôlier. See Jail.] The keeper of a jail or prison. [Written also jailor, gaoler.]

{ Jain (?), Jai"na, } n. [Skr. Jaina, fr. Jina, a proper name, fr. jina victorious.] One of a numerous sect in British India, holding the tenets of Jainism.

Jain"ism (?), n. The heterodox Hindoo religion, of which the most striking features are the exaltation of saints or holy mortals, called jins, above the ordinary Hindoo gods, and the denial of the divine origin and infallibility of the Vedas. It is intermediate between Brahmanism and Buddhism, having some things in common with each.

||Jai*rou" (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) The ahu or Asiatic gazelle.

Jak (?), n. (Bot.) see 1st Jack.

Jakes (?), n. [Prob. fr. F. Jacques, the proper name. See 2d Jack.] A privy. Shak.

Ja"kie (?), n. (Zoöl.) A South American striped frog (Pseudis paradoxa), remarkable for having a tadpole larger than the adult, and hence called also paradoxical frog.

Jak"o (jăk"&osl;), n. (Zoöl.) An African parrot (Psittacus erithacus), very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also gray parrot.

Jak"wood` (?), n. See Jackwood.

Jal"ap (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. jalapa; -- so called from Jalapa, a town in Mexico, whence it was first obtained.] (Med.) The tubers of the Mexican plant Ipomœa purga (or Exogonium purga), a climber much like the morning-glory. The abstract, extract, and powder, prepared from the tubers, are well known purgative medicines. Other species of Ipomœa yield several inferior kinds of jalap, as the I. Orizabensis, and I. tuberosa.

False jalap, the root of Mirabilis Jalapa, four-o'clock, or marvel of Peru.

Ja*lap"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to jalap.

Jal"a*pin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the stems of the jalap plant and scammony. It is a strong purgative.

||Ja`lons", n. pl. [F. Of unknown origin.] (Mil.) Long poles, topped with wisps of straw, used as landmarks and signals. Farrow.

||Ja`lou`sie", n. [F. See Jealousy.] A Venetian or slatted inside window blind.

Ja`lou`sied" (?), a. Furnished with jalousies; as, jalousied porches.

Jam (?), n. [Per. or Hind. jāmah garment, robe.] A kind of frock for children.

Jam, n. (Mining) See Jamb.

Jam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jammed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jamming.] [Either fr. jamb, as if squeezed between jambs, or more likely from the same source as champ See Champ.]

1. To press into a close or tight position; to crowd; to squeeze; to wedge in.

The . . . jammed in between two rocks.
De Foe.

2. To crush or bruise; as, to jam a finger in the crack of a door. [Colloq.]

3. (Naut.) To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper sails are laid aback. W. C. Russell.

Jam, n. 1. A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a jam of logs in a river.

2. An injury caused by jamming. [Colloq.]

Jam, n. [Prob. fr. jam, v.; but cf. also Ar. jamad ice, jelly, jāmid congealed, jamd congelation, ice.] A preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; as, raspberry jam; currant jam; grape jam.

Jam nut. See Check nut, under Check. -- Jam weld (Forging), a butt weld. See under Butt.

||Jam`a*ci"na (?), n. [NL.] Jamaicine.

||Jam"a*dar (?), n. Same as Jemidar.

Ja*mai"ca (?), n. One of the West India islands.

Jamaica ginger, a variety of ginger, called also white ginger, prepared in Jamaica from the best roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately. -- Jamaica pepper, allspice. -- Jamaica rose (Bot.), a West Indian melastomaceous shrub (Blakea trinervis), with showy pink flowers.

Ja*mai"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to Jamaica. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Jamaica.

Ja*ma"i*cine (?), n. [From Jamaica.] (Chem.) An alkaloid said to be contained in the bark of Geoffroya inermis, a leguminous tree growing in Jamaica and Surinam; -- called also jamacina. Watts.

Jamb (?), n. [Prov. E. jaumb, jaum, F. jambe a leg, jambe de force a principal rafter. See Gambol.]

1. (Arch) The vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace; hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of a chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face. Gwilt.

2. (Mining) Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from following the lode or vein.

Jamb (?), v. t. See Jam, v. t.

Jam*bee" (?), n. [See Jamb, n.: cf. OF. jamboier to walk.] A fashionable cane. [Obs.] Tatler.

{ Jambes (?), Jam"beux (?), } n. pl. [From F. jambe a leg: cf. OF. jambiere. See Jamb, n.] (Ancient Armor) In the Middle Ages, armor for the legs below the knees. [Written also giambeux.] Chaucer.

||Jam`bo*la"na (?), n. [Cf. Pg. jambolão a kind of tropical fruit.] (Bot.) A myrtaceous tree of the West Indies and tropical America (Calyptranthes Jambolana), with astringent bark, used for dyeing. It bears an edible fruit.

||Jam"da*ni (?), n. A silk fabric, with a woven pattern of sprigs of flowers. [Written also jamdanee.] Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Ja"me*son*ite (?), n. [From Prof. Jameson, of Edinburgh.] (Min.) A steel-gray mineral, of metallic luster, commonly fibrous massive. It is a sulphide of antimony and lead, with a little iron.

James"'s pow`der (?). (Med.) Antimonial powder, first prepared by Dr. James, an English physician; -- called also fever powder.

James"town` weed` (?). (Bot.) The poisonous thorn apple or stramonium (Datura stramonium), a rank weed early noticed at Jamestown, Virginia. See Datura.

&fist; This name is often corrupted into jimson, jimpson, and gympsum.

Jan (jăn), n. [Ar.] (Moham. Myth.) One of an intermediate order between angels and men.

Jane (jān), n. [LL. Janua Genoa; L. Genua, also OE. Jean.] 1. A coin of Genoa; any small coin. Chaucer.

2. A kind of twilled cotton cloth. See Jean.

Jane"-of-apes" (?), n. A silly, pert girl; -- corresponding to jackanapes. Massinger.

Jan"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jangling (?).] [OE. janglen to quarrel, OF. jangler to rail, quarrel; of Dutch or German origin; cf. D. jangelen, janken, to whimper, chide, brawl, quarrel.]

1. To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune.

2. To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip. "Thou janglest as a jay." Chaucer.

3. To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle.

Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree.
Shak.

Prussian Trenck . . . jargons and jangles in an unmelodious manner.
Carlyle.

Jan"gle, v. t. To cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce discordant sounds with.

Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune, and harsh.
Shak.

Jan"gle, n. [Cf. OF. jangle.]

1. Idle talk; prate; chatter; babble. Chaucer.

2. Discordant sound; wrangling.

The musical jangle of sleigh bells.
Longfellow.

Jan"gler (?), n. [Cf. OF. jangleor.]

1. An idle talker; a babbler; a prater. Chaucer.

2. A wrangling, noisy fellow.

Jan"gler*ess, n. A female prater or babbler.

Jan"gler*y, n. [Cf. OF. janglerie chattering, talk.] Jangling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Jan"gling (?), a. Producing discordant sounds. "A jangling noise." Milton.

Jan"gling, n. 1. Idle babbling; vain disputation.

From which some, having swerved, have turned aside unto vain jangling.
1 Tim. i. 6.

2. Wrangling; altercation. Lamb.

Jan"is*sa*ry (?), n. See Janizary.

Jan"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr. janua a door.] A door-keeper; a porter; one who has the care of a public building, or a building occupied for offices, suites of rooms, etc.

{ Jan"i*tress (?), Jan"i*trix (?), } n. [L. janitrix. See Janitor.] A female janitor.

Jan"i*zar` (?), n. A janizary. [R.] Byron.

Jan`i*za"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the janizaries, or their government. Burke.

Jan"i*za*ry (?), n.; pl. Janizaries (#). [F. janissaire, fr. Turk. ye&?;i-tsheri new soldiers or troops.] A soldier of a privileged military class, which formed the nucleus of the Turkish infantry, but was suppressed in 1826. [written also janissary.]

Jan"ker (?), n. A long pole on two wheels, used in hauling logs. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Jan"sen*ism (?), n. [F. Jansénisme.] (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of Jansen regarding free will and divine grace.

Jan"sen*ist, n. [F. Janséniste.] (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Cornelius Jansen, a Roman Catholic bishop of Ypres, in Flanders, in the 17th century, who taught certain doctrines denying free will and the possibility of resisting divine grace.

Jant (?), v. i. See Jaunt.

||Jan"thi*na (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Ianthina.

Jan"ti*ly (?), adv. See Jauntily.

Jan"ti*ness, n. See Jauntiness.

||Jan"tu (?) n. A machine of great antiquity, used in Bengal for raising water to irrigate land. Knight.

Jan"ty (?), a. See Jaunty.

Jan"u*a*ry (?), n. [L. Januarius, fr. Janus an old Latin deity, the god of the sun and the year, to whom the month of January was sacred; cf. janua a door, Skr. yā to go.] The first month of the year, containing thirty-one days.

&fist; Before the adoption of New Style, the commencement of the year was usually reckoned from March 25.

Ja"nus (?), n. [L. See January.] (Rom. Antiq.) A Latin deity represented with two faces looking in opposite directions. Numa is said to have dedicated to Janus the covered passage at Rome, near the Forum, which is usually called the Temple of Janus. This passage was open in war and closed in peace. Dr. W. Smith.

Janus cloth, a fabric having both sides dressed, the sides being of different colors, -- used for reversible garments.

Ja"nus-faced` (?), a. Double- faced; deceitful.

Janus-faced lock, one having duplicate faces so as to go upon a right or a left hand door, the key entering on either side indifferently. Knight.

Ja"nus-head`ed (?), a. Double- headed.

Ja*pan" (j&adot;*păn"), n. [From Japan, the country.] Work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner; also, the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.

Ja*pan", a. Of or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of that country; as, Japan ware.

Japan allspice (Bot.), a spiny shrub from Japan (Chimonanthus fragrans), related to the Carolina allspice. -- Japan black (Chem.), a quickly drying black lacquer or varnish, consisting essentially of asphaltum dissolved in naphtha or turpentine, and used for coating ironwork; -- called also Brunswick black, Japan lacquer, or simply Japan. -- Japan camphor, ordinary camphor brought from China or Japan, as distinguished from the rare variety called borneol or Borneo camphor. -- Japan clover, or Japan pea (Bot.), a cloverlike plant (Lespedeza striata) from Eastern Asia, useful for fodder, first noticed in the Southern United States about 1860, but now become very common. During the Civil War it was called variously Yankee clover and Rebel clover. -- Japan earth. See Catechu. -- Japan ink, a kind of writing ink, of a deep, glossy black when dry. -- Japan varnish, a varnish prepared from the milky juice of the Rhus vernix, a small Japanese tree related to the poison sumac.

Ja*pan" (j&adot;*păn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Japanned (j&adot;*pănd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Japanning.]

1. To cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of the Japanese; to lacquer.

2. To give a glossy black to, as shoes. [R.] Gay.

Jap`a*nese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Japan, or its inhabitants.

Jap`a*nese", n. sing. & pl.

1. A native or inhabitant of Japan; collectively, the people of Japan.

2. sing. The language of the people of Japan.

Ja*panned" (?), a. Treated, or coated, with varnish in the Japanese manner.

Japanned leather, leather treated with coatings of Japan varnish, and dried in a stove. Knight.

Ja*pan"ner (?), n. 1. One who varnishes in the manner of the Japanese, or one skilled in the art.

2. A bootblack. [R.]

Ja*pan"ning (?), n. The art or act of varnishing in the Japanese manner.

Ja*pan"nish (?), a. After the manner of the Japanese; resembling japanned articles. Carlyle.

Jape (?), v. i. [Prob. from the same source as gab, influenced by F. japper to yelp. See Gab to deceive.] To jest; to play tricks; to jeer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Jape, v. t. To mock; to trick. Chaucer.

I have not been putting a jape upon you.
Sir W. Scott.

The coy giggle of the young lady to whom he has imparted his latest merry jape.
W. Besant.

Jap"er (?), n. A jester; a buffoon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Jap"er*y (?), n. [Cf. OF. japerie a yelping.] Jesting; buffoonery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ja"pheth*ite (?), n. A Japhetite. Kitto.

Ja*phet"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, Japheth, one of the sons of Noah; as, Japhetic nations, the nations of Europe and Northern Asia; Japhetic languages.

Ja"phet*ite (?), n. A descendant of Japheth.

Ja*pon"i*ca (?), n. [NL., Japanese, fr. Japonia Japan.] (Bot.) A species of Camellia (Camellia Japonica), a native of Japan, bearing beautiful red or white flowers. Many other genera have species of the same name.

Jar (jär), n. [See Ajar.] A turn. [Only in phrase.]

On the jar, on the turn, ajar, as a door.

Jar (jär), n. [F. jarre, Sp. jarra, from Ar. jarrah ewer; cf. Pers. jarrah.] 1. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar. Dryden.

2. The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar of preserves.

Bell jar, Leyden jar. See in the Vocabulary.

Jar, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jarring (?).] [Cf. OE. charken to creak, AS. cearcian to gnash, F. jars a gander, L. garrire to chatter, prate, OHG. kerran to chatter, croak, G. quarren to grumble, and E. jargon, ajar.]

1. To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears.

When such strings jar, what hope of harmony ?
Shak.

A string may jar in the best master's hand.
Roscommon.

2. To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute.

When those renowned noble peers Greece
Through stubborn pride among themselves did jar.
Spenser.

For orders and degrees
Jar not with liberty, but well consist.
Milton.

Jar, v. t. 1. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith.

2. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off. [Obs.]

My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they jar
Their watches on unto mine eyes.
Shak.

Jar, n. 1. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.

2. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement.

And yet his peace is but continual jar.
Spenser.

Cease, cease these jars, and rest your minds in peace.
Shak.

3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.

I love thee not a jar of the clock.
Shak.

4. pl. In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.

||Jar`a*ra"ca (?), n. [Pg., from the native name.] (Zoöl.) A poisonous serpent of Brazil (Bothrops jararaca), about eighteen inches long, and of a dusky, brownish color, variegated with red and black spots.

Jar"ble (?), v. t. To wet; to bemire. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

||Jar`di`nière" (?), n. [F., fem. of jardinier gardener. See Garden.] An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.

Jards (?), n. [F. jarde, jardon.] (Far.) A callous tumor on the leg of a horse, below the hock.

Jar"gle (?), v. i. [Cf. OSw. jerga to repeat angrily, to brawl, Icel. jarg tedious iteration, F. jargonner to talk jargon. See Jargon gabble.] To emit a harsh or discordant sound. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Jar"gon (?), n. [F. jargon, OF. also gargon, perh. akin to E. garrulous, or gargle.] Confused, unintelligible language; gibberish; hence, an artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang. "A barbarous jargon." Macaulay. "All jargon of the schools." Prior.

The jargon which serves the traffickers.
Johnson.

Jar"gon (jär"g&obreve;n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jargoned (-g&obreve;nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Jargoning.] To utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds; to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner.

The noisy jay,
Jargoning like a foreigner at his food.
Longfellow.

Jar"gon, n. [E. jargon, It. jiargone; perh. fr. Pers. zarg&?;n gold-colored, fr. zar gold. Cf. Zircon.] (Min.) A variety of zircon. See Zircon.

Jar`go*nelle" (?), n. [F. jargonelle a very gritty variety of pear. See Jargon zircon.] A variety of pear which ripens early.

Jar*gon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the mineral jargon.

Jar"gon*ist (?), n. One addicted to jargon; one who uses cant or slang. Macaulay.

||Jarl (?), n. [Icel., nobleman, chief. See Earl.] A chief; an earl; in English history, one of the leaders in the Danish and Norse invasions. Longfellow.

Jar"nut` (?), n. [Of Scand. origin: cf. Dan. jordnöd.] (Bot.) An earthnut. Dr. Prior.

Ja*ro"site (?), n. [From Barranco Jaroso, in Spain.] (Min.) An ocher-yellow mineral occurring in minute rhombohedral crystals. It is a hydrous sulphate of iron and potash.

Jar"-owl` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The goatsucker.

Jar"rah (?), n. The mahoganylike wood of the Australian Eucalyptus marginata. See Eucalyptus.

Jar"ring (?), a. [See Jar.] Shaking; disturbing; discordant. "A jarring sound." Dryden.

Jar"ring n. 1. A shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a steamship, caused by its engines.

2. Discord; a clashing of interests. "Endless jarrings and immortal hate." Dryden.

Jar"ring*ly, adv. In a jarring or discordant manner.

{ Jar"vey, Jar"vy } (?), n. 1. The driver of a hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.] Carlyle.

2. A hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.]

The litter at the bottom of the jarvy.
T. Hook.

Ja"sey (?), n. A wig; -- so called, perhaps, from being made of, or resembling, Jersey yarn. Thackeray.

Jas"hawk` (?), n. [A corruption of eyas hawk.] (Zoöl.) A young hawk. Booth.

Jas"mine (?), n. [F. jasmin, Sp. jazmin, Ar. yāsmīn, Pers. yāsmīn; cf. It. gesmino, gelsomino. Cf. Jessamine.] (Bot.) A shrubby plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odor. The J. officinale, common in the south of Europe, bears white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is J. Sambac, and, with J. angustifolia, comes from the East Indies. The yellow false jasmine in the Gelseminum sempervirens (see Gelsemium). Several other plants are called jasmine in the West Indies, as species of Calotropis and Faramea. [Written also jessamine.]

Cape jasmine, or Cape jessamine, the Gardenia florida, a shrub with fragrant white flowers, a native of China, and hardy in the Southern United States.

Jasp (?), n. Jasper. [Obs.] Spenser.

Jas"pa*chate (?), n. [L. iaspachates, Gr. &?;.] (Min.) Agate jasper. [Obs.]

Jas"per (?), n. [OE. jaspre, jaspe, OF. jaspre, jaspe, F. jaspe, L. iaspis, Gr. &?;; cf. Per. yashp, yashf, Ar. yashb, yasb, yasf, Heb. yāshpheh. Cf. Diaper.] (Min.) An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking with a smooth surface. It admits of a high polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes, etc. When the colors are in stripes or bands, it is called striped or banded jasper. The Egyptian pebble is a brownish yellow jasper.

Jasper opal, a yellow variety of opal resembling jasper. -- Jasper ware, a delicate kind of earthenware invented by Josiah Wedgwood. It is usually white, but is capable of receiving color.

Jas"per*a`ted (?), a. mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper; as, jasperated agate.

Jas"per*ize (?), v. t. [Usually p. p. Jasperized (&?;).] To convert into, or make to resemble, jasper.

Polished specimens of jasperized and agatized woods.
Pop. Sci. Monthly.

Jas"per*y (?), a. Of the nature of jasper; mixed with jasper.

{ Jas*pid"e*an (?), Jas*pid"e*ous (?), } a. [L. iaspideus. See Jasper.] Consisting of jasper, or containing jasper; jaspery; jasperlike.

Jas"pi*lite (?), n. [Jasper + -lite.] (Min.) A compact siliceous rock resembling jasper.

Jas"poid (?), a. [F. jaspoïde; jaspe jasper + Gr. &?; form.] Resembling jasper. [R.]

Jasp`o"nyx (?), n. [L. iasponyx, Gr. &?;. See Jasper, and Onyx.] (min.) An onyx, part or all of whose layers consist of jasper.

Ja*troph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to physic nuts, the seeds of plants of the genus Jatropha.

Jaunce (?), v. i. [OF. jancer. Cf. Jounce, Jaunt.] To ride hard; to jounce. [Obs.]

Spurr'd, galled and tired by jauncing Bolingbroke.
Shak.

Jaun"dice (?; 277), n. [OE. jaunis, F. jaunisse, fr. jaune yellow, orig. jalne, fr. L. galbinus yellowish, fr. galbus yellow.] (Med.) A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine, whiteness of the fæces, constipation, uneasiness in the region of the stomach, loss of appetite, and general languor and lassitude. It is caused usually by obstruction of the biliary passages and consequent damming up, in the liver, of the bile, which is then absorbed into the blood.

Blue jaundice. See Cyanopathy.

Jaun"dice (?), v. t. To affect with jaundice; to color by prejudice or envy; to prejudice.

The envy of wealth jaundiced his soul.
Ld. Lytton.

Jaun"diced (?), a. 1. Affected with jaundice.

Jaundiced eyes seem to see all objects yellow.
Bp. Hall.

2. Prejudiced; envious; as, a jaundiced judgment.

Jaunt (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jaunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jaunting.] [Cf. Scot. jaunder to ramble, jaunt to taunt, jeer, dial. Sw. ganta to play the buffoon, romp, jest; perh. akin to E. jump. Cf. Jaunce.]

1. To ramble here and there; to stroll; to make an excursion.

2. To ride on a jaunting car.

Jaunting car, a kind of low-set open vehicle, used in Ireland, in which the passengers ride sidewise, sitting back to back. [Written also jaunty car.] Thackeray.

Jaunt, v. t. To jolt; to jounce. [Obs.] Bale.

Jaunt, n. 1. A wearisome journey. [R.]

Our Savior, meek, and with untroubled mind
After his aëry jaunt, though hurried sore.
Hungry and cold, betook him to his rest.
Milton.

2. A short excursion for pleasure or refreshment; a ramble; a short journey.

Jaun"ti*ly (?), adv. In a jaunty manner.

Jaun"ti*ness, n. The quality of being jaunty.

That jauntiness of air I was once master of.
Addison.

Jaun"ty (?), a. [Compar. Jauntier (?); superl. Jauntiest.] [Formerly spelt janty, fr. F. gentil. See Gentle, and cf. Genty.] Airy; showy; finical; hence, characterized by an affected or fantastical manner.

Ja"va (?), n. 1. One of the islands of the Malay Archipelago belonging to the Netherlands.

2. Java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from Java.

Java cat (Zoöl.), the musang. -- Java sparrow (Zoöl.), a species of finch (Padda oryzivora), native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also ricebird, and paddy bird. In the male the upper parts are glaucous gray, the head and tail black, the under parts delicate rose, and the cheeks white. The bill is large and red. A white variety is also kept as a cage bird.

Jav`a*nese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Java, or to the people of Java. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Java.

Jav"el (?), n. A vagabond. [Obs.] Spenser.

Jave"lin (?), n. [F. javeline; akin to Sp. jabalina, It. giavelina, and F. javelot, OF. gavlot. Cf. Gavelock.] A sort of light spear, to be thrown or cast by the hand; anciently, a weapon of war used by horsemen and foot soldiers; now used chiefly in hunting the wild boar and other fierce game.

Flies the javelin swifter to its mark,
Launched by the vigor of a Roman arm?
Addison.

Jave"lin, v. t. To pierce with a javelin. [R.] Tennyson.

Jave`lin*ier" (?), n. A soldier armed with a javelin. Holland.

Jaw (?), n. [A modification of chaw, formed under the influence of F. joue the cheek. See Chaw, Chew.]

1. (Anat.) (a) One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth. (b) Hence, also, the bone itself with the teeth and covering. (c) In the plural, the mouth.

2. Fig.: Anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or action; esp., pl., the mouth or way of entrance; as, the jaws of a pass; the jaws of darkness; the jaws of death. Shak.

3. (Mach.) (a) A notch or opening. (b) A notched or forked part, adapted for holding an object in place; as, the jaw of a railway-car pedestal. See Axle guard. (b) One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them, as, the jaws of a vise, or the jaws of a stone-crushing machine.

4. (Naut.) The inner end of a boom or gaff, hollowed in a half circle so as to move freely on a mast.

5. Impudent or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley.

Jaw bit (Railroad), a bar across the jaws of a pedestal underneath an axle box. -- Jaw breaker, a word difficult to pronounce. [Obs.] -- Jaw rope (Naut.), a rope which holds the jaws of a gaff to the mast. -- Jaw tooth, a molar or grinder; a back tooth.

Jaw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jawing.] To scold; to clamor. [Low] Smollett.

Jaw, v. t. To assail or abuse by scolding. [Low]

Jaw"bone` (?), n. The bone of either jaw; a maxilla or a mandible.

Jawed (j&add;d), a. Having jaws; - - chiefly in composition; as, lantern-jawed. "Jawed like a jetty." Skelton.

Jaw"-fall` (?), n. Depression of the jaw; hence, depression of spirits. M. Griffith (1660).

Jaw"-fall`en (?), a. Dejected; chopfallen.

Jaw"foot` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Maxilliped.

Jaw"ing, n. Scolding; clamorous or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley.

Jawn (?), v. i. See Yawn. [Obs.] Marston.

Jaw"y (?), a. Relating to the jaws. Gayton.

Jay (?), n. [F. geai, OF. gai, jaj, perh. fr. OHG. gāhi. Cf. Gay.] (Zoöl.) Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to Garrulus, Cyanocitta, and allied genera. They are allied to the crows, but are smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely colored, and usually have a crest.

&fist; The European jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a large and handsomely colored species, having the body pale reddish brown, lighter beneath; tail and wing quills blackish; the primary coverts barred with bright blue and black; throat, tail coverts, and a large spot on the wings, white. Called also jay pie, Jenny jay, and kæ. The common blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata.), and the related species, are brilliantly colored, and have a large erectile crest. The California jay (Aphelocoma Californica), the Florida jay (A. Floridana), and the green jay (Xanthoura luxuosa), of Texas and Mexico, are large, handsome, crested species. The Canada jay (Perisoreus Canadensis), and several allied species, are much plainer and have no crest. See Blue jay, and Whisky jack.

Jay thrush (Zoöl.), any one several species of Asiatic singing birds, of the genera Garrulax, Grammatoptila, and related genera of the family Crateropodidæ; as, the white-throated jay thrush (G. albogularis), of India.

Jay"et (?), n. (Min.) See Jet. [Obs.]

Jay"hawk`er (?), n. A name given to a free-booting, unenlisted, armed man or guerrilla. [A term of opprobrium used in the war of 1861-65, U. S.]

Ja"zel (?), n. A gem of an azure color. [Obs.]

Jaz"er*ant (?), n. [OF. jacerant, jaseran, Sp. jacerina, cota jacerina, fr. jazarino Algerine, fr. Ar. jazāīr Algiers.] A coat of defense made of small plates of metal sewed upon linen or the like; also, this kind of armor taken generally; as, a coat of jazerant.

Jeal"ous (?), a. [OE. jalous, gelus, OF. jalous, F. jaloux, LL. zelosus zealous, fr. zelus emulation, zeal, jealousy, Gr. zh^los. See Zeal, and cf. Zealous.]

1. Zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful.

I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts.
Kings xix. 10.

How nicely jealous is every one of us of his own repute!
Dr. H. More.

2. Apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful.

'This doing wrong creates such doubts as these,
Renders us jealous and disturbs our peace.
Waller.

The people are so jealous of the clergy's ambition.
Swift.

3. Exacting exclusive devotion; intolerant of rivalry.

Thou shalt worship no other God; for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.
Ex. xxxiv. 14.

4. Disposed to suspect rivalry in matters of interest and affection; apprehensive regarding the motives of possible rivals, or the fidelity of friends; distrustful; having morbid fear of rivalry in love or preference given to another; painfully suspicious of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.

If the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife.
Num. v. 14.

To both these sisters have I sworn my love:
Each jealous of the other, as the stung
Are of the adder.
Shak.

It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do if she find him jealous.
Bacon.

Syn. -- Suspicious; anxious; envious. Jealous, Suspicious. Suspicious is the wider term. We suspect a person when we distrust his honesty and imagine he has some bad design. We are jealous when we suspect him of aiming to deprive us of what we dearly prize. Iago began by awakening the suspicions of Othello, and converted them at last into jealousy. "Suspicion may be excited by some kind of accusation, not supported by evidence sufficient for conviction, but sufficient to trouble the repose of confidence." "Jealousy is a painful apprehension of rivalship in cases that are peculiarly interesting to us." Cogan.

Jeal"ous*hood (?), n. Jealousy. [Obs.] Shak.

Jeal"ous*ly, adv. In a jealous manner.

Jeal"ous*ness, n. State or quality of being jealous.

Jeal"ous*y (?), n.; pl. Jealousies (#). [ F. jalousie. See Jealous, and cf. Jalousie.] The quality of being jealous; earnest concern or solicitude; painful apprehension of rivalship in cases nearly affecting one's happiness; painful suspicion of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.

I was jealous for jealousy.
Zech. viii. 2.

Jealousy is the . . . apprehension of superiority.
Shenstone.

Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, had excellence to deserve our fondness.
Rambler.

Jeames (?), n. [Corrup. of James.] A footman; a flunky. [Slang, Eng.] Thackeray.

Jean (?), n. [Prob. named from Genoa. See Jane.] A twilled cotton cloth.

Satin jean, a kind of jean woven smooth and glossy, after the manner of satin.

Jears (?), n. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b).

Jeat (?), n. (Min.) See Jet. [Obs.]

Jed"ding ax` (?), n. A stone mason's tool, having a flat face and a pointed part. Knight.

Jee (?), v. t. & i. See Gee.

Jeel (?), n. [Hind. jhīl.] A morass; a shallow lake. [Written also jhil.] [India] Whitworth.

Jeer (?), n. [Cf. Gear.] (Naut.) (a) A gear; a tackle. (b) pl. An assemblage or combination of tackles, for hoisting or lowering the lower yards of a ship.

Jeer capstan (Naut.), an extra capstan usually placed between the foremast and mainmast.

Jeer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jeered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jeering.] [Perh. a corrup. of cheer to salute with cheers, taken in an ironical sense; or more prob. fr. D. gekscheren to jeer, lit., to shear the fool; gek a fool (see 1st Geck) + scheren to shear. See Shear, v.] To utter sarcastic or scoffing reflections; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language; to scoff; as, to jeer at a speaker.

But when he saw her toy and gibe and jeer.
Spenser.

Syn. -- To sneer; scoff; flout; gibe; mock.

Jeer (?), v. t. To treat with scoffs or derision; to address with jeers; to taunt; to flout; to mock at.

And if we can not jeer them, we jeer ourselves.
B. Jonson.

Jeer, n. A railing remark or reflection; a scoff; a taunt; a biting jest; a flout; a jibe; mockery.

Midas, exposed to all their jeers,
Had lost his art, and kept his ears.
Swift.

Jeer"er (?), n. A scoffer; a railer; a mocker.

Jeer"ing, a. Mocking; scoffing. -- n. A mocking utterance. -- Jeer"ing*ly, adv.

Jeers (?), n. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b).

||Jef`fer*so"ni*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Thomas Jefferson.] (Bot.) An American herb with a pretty, white, solitary blossom, and deeply two-cleft leaves (Jeffersonia diphylla); twinleaf.

Jef`fer*so"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, Thomas Jefferson or his policy or political doctrines. Lowell.

Jef"fer*son*ite (?), n. [Named after Thomas Jefferson.] (Min.) A variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into brown. It contains zinc.

Jeg (?), n. (Mach.) See Jig, 6.

Je*ho"vah (?), n. [Heb. usually y&ebreve;hōvāh (with the vowel points of ădōnāi Lord), sometimes (to avoid repetition) y&ebreve;hōvih (with the vowel points of &ebreve;lōhīm God); but only the four Heb, consonants yhvh are conceded to be certainly known.] A Scripture name of the Supreme Being, by which he was revealed to the Jews as their covenant God or Sovereign of the theocracy; the "ineffable name" of the Supreme Being, which was not pronounced by the Jews.

Je*ho"vist (?), n. 1. One who maintains that the vowel points of the word Jehovah, in Hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; -- opposed to adonist.

2. The writer of the passages of the Old Testament, especially those of the Pentateuch, in which the Supreme Being is styled Jehovah. See Elohist.

The characteristic manner of the Jehovist differs from that of his predecessor [the Elohist]. He is fuller and freer in his descriptions; more reflective in his assignment of motives and causes; more artificial in mode of narration.
S. Davidson.

Je`ho*vis"tic (?), a. Relating to, or containing, Jehovah, as a name of God; -- said of certain parts of the Old Testament, especially of the Pentateuch, in which Jehovah appears as the name of the Deity. See Elohistic.

Je"hu (?), n. [From Jehu, son of Nimshi. 2 Kings ix. 20.] A coachman; a driver; especially, one who drives furiously. [Colloq.]

Je*ju"nal (?), a. Pertaining to the jejunum.

Je*june" (?), a. [L. jejunus fasting, hungry, dry, barren, scanty; of unknown origin.]

1. Lacking matter; empty; void of substance.

2. Void of interest; barren; meager; dry; as, a jejune narrative.

- Je*june"ly, adv. -- Je*june"ness, n. Bacon.

Je*ju"ni*ty (?), n. The quality of being jejune; jejuneness.

||Je*ju"num (?), n. [NL., fr. L. jejunus empty, dry.] (Anat.) The middle division of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum; -- so called because usually found empty after death.

||Jel"er*ang (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A large, handsome squirrel (Sciurus Javensis), native of Java and Southern Asia; -- called also Java squirrel.

Jell (?), v. i. To jelly. [Colloq.]

Jel"lied (?), a. Brought to the state or consistence of jelly.

Jel"ly (?), n.; pl. Jellies (#). [ Formerly gelly, gely, F. gelée jelly, frost, fr. geler to freeze. L. gelare; akin to gelu frost. See Gelid.]

1. Anything brought to a gelatinous condition; a viscous, translucent substance in a condition between liquid and solid; a stiffened solution of gelatin, gum, or the like.

2. The juice of fruits or meats boiled with sugar to an elastic consistence; as, currant jelly; calf's- foot jelly.

Jelly bag, a bag through which the material for jelly is strained. -- Jelly mold, a mold for forming jelly in ornamental shapes. -- Jelly plant (Bot.), Australian name of an edible seaweed (Eucheuma speciosum), from which an excellent jelly is made. J. Smith. -- Jelly powder, an explosive, composed of nitroglycerin and collodion cotton; -- so called from its resemblance to calf's-foot jelly.

Jel"ly, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jellied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jellying.] To become jelly; to come to the state or consistency of jelly.

Jel"ly*fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of the acalephs, esp. one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. See Medusa.

||Jem"i*dar` (j&ebreve;m"&ibreve;*där`), n. [Per. & Hind. jama-dār.] The chief or leader of a band or body of persons; esp., in the native army of India, an officer of a rank corresponding to that of lieutenant in the English army. [Written also jemadar, jamadar.]

Jem"lah goat` (j&ebreve;m"l&adot; gōt`). (Zoöl.) The jharal.

Jem"mi*ness (?), n. Spruceness. [Slang, Eng.] Pegge (1814).

Jem"my (?), a. [Cf. Gim, and Gimp, a.] Spruce. [Slang, Eng.] Smart.

Jem"my, n. 1. A short crowbar. See Jimmy.

2. A baked sheep's head. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.

||Je*ni"quen (?), n. [Sp. jeniquen.] (Bot.) A Mexican name for the Sisal hemp (Agave rigida, var. Sisalana); also, its fiber. [Written also henīequen.]

Je"nite (?), n. (Min.) See Yenite.

Jen"kins (?), n. A name of contempt for a flatterer of persons high in social or official life; as, the Jenkins employed by a newspaper. [Colloq. Eng. & U.S.] G. W. Curtis.

Jen"net (j&ebreve;n"n&ebreve;t), n. [F. genet, Sp. jinete, orig., a mounted soldier, Ar. zenāta a tribe of Barbary celebrated for its cavalry.] A small Spanish horse; a genet.

Jen"net*ing, n. [Prob. fr. a dim. of Jean John, so named as becoming ripe about St. John's day, June 24. F. Jean is fr. L. Johannes. See Zany.] A variety of early apple. See Juneating. [Written also geniting.]

Jen"ny (?), n.; pl. Jennies (&?;).

1. A familiar or pet form of the proper name Jane.

2. (Zoöl.) A familiar name of the European wren.

Jenny ass (Zoöl.), a female ass.

Jen"ny, n. [A corruption of gin an engine; influenced by Jenny, the proper name. See Gin an engine, and cf. Ginny-carriage.] A machine for spinning a number of threads at once, -- used in factories.

Jent"ling (?), n. (Zoöl.) A fish of the genus Leuciscus; the blue chub of the Danube.

Jeof"ail (j&ebreve;f"&asl;l), n. [F. j'ai failli I have failed.] (Law) An oversight in pleading, or the acknowledgment of a mistake or oversight. Blackstone.

Jeop"ard (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeoparded; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeoparding.] [From Jeopardy.] To put in jeopardy; to expose to loss or injury; to imperil; to hazard. Sir T. North.

A people that jeoparded their lives unto the death.
Judg. v. 18.

Syn. -- To hazard; risk; imperil; endanger; expose.

Jeop"ard*er (?), n. One who puts in jeopardy. [R.]

Jeop"ard*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeopardized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jeopardizing (?).] To expose to loss or injury; to risk; to jeopard.

That he should jeopardize his willful head
Only for spite at me.
H. Taylor.

Jeop"ard*ous (?), a. Perilous; hazardous.

His goodly, valiant, and jeopardous enterprise.
Fuller.

-- Jeop"ard*ous*ly, adv. Huloet.

Jeop"ard*y (?), n. [OE. jupartie, juperti, jeuparti, OF. jeu parti an even game, a game in which the chances are even; OF. jeu, ju, F. jeu (L. jocus jest) + F. partier to divide, L. partire to divide. See Joke, and Part.] Exposure to death, loss, or injury; hazard; danger.

There came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled with water, and were in jeopardy.
Luke viii. 23.

Look to thyself, thou art in jeopardy.
Shak.

Syn. -- Danger; peril; hazard; risk. See Danger.

Jeop"ard*y, v. t. To jeopardize. [R.] Thackeray.

Jer*bo"a (?), n. [Ar. yarb&?;'.] (Zoöl.) Any small jumping rodent of the genus Dipus, esp. D. Ægyptius, which is common in Egypt and the adjacent countries. The jerboas have very long hind legs and a long tail. [Written also gerboa.]

&fist; The name is also applied to other small jumping rodents, as the Pedetes Caffer, of the Cape of Good Hope.

Jerboa kangaroo (Zoöl.), small Australian kangaroo (Bettongia penicillata), about the size of a common hare.

Jer*eed" (?), n. [Ar. jerīd. Cf. Djereed.] A blunt javelin used by the people of the Levant, especially in mock fights. [Written also jerreed, jerid.] Byron.

{ Jer`e*mi"ad, Jer`e*mi"ade }, n. [From Jeremiah, the prophet: cf. F. jérémiade.] A tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a doleful story; a dolorous tirade; -- generally used satirically.

He has prolonged his complaint into an endless jeremiad.
Lamb.

Jer"fal`con (?), n. (Zoöl.) The gyrfalcon.

Jer"guer (?), n. See Jerquer.

Jer*id" (?), n. Same as Jereed.

Jerk (j&etilde;rk), v. t. [Corrupted from Peruv. charqui dried beef.] To cut into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; as, to jerk beef. See Charqui.

Jerk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jerked (j&etilde;rkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Jerking.] [Akin to yerk, and perh. also to yard a measure.]

1. To beat; to strike. [Obs.] Florio.

2. To give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull, or twist, to; to yerk; as, to jerk one with the elbow; to jerk a coat off.

3. To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand; as, to jerk a stone.

Jerk, v. i.

1. To make a sudden motion; to move with a start, or by starts. Milton.

2. To flout with contempt.

Jerk, n.

1. A short, sudden pull, thrust, push, twitch, jolt, shake, or similar motion.

His jade gave him a jerk.
B. Jonson.

2. A sudden start or spring.

Lobsters . . . swim backwards by jerks or springs.
Grew.

Jerk"er (?), n.

1. A beater. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. One who jerks or moves with a jerk.

3. (Zoöl.) A North American river chub (Hybopsis biguttatus).

Jer"kin (?), n. [Dim. of D. jurk a frock.] A jacket or short coat; a close waistcoat. Shak.

Jer"kin, n. (Zoöl.) A male gyrfalcon.

Jerk"ing (?), n. The act of pulling, pushing, or throwing, with a jerk. -- Jerk"ing*ly, adv.

Jer"kin*head` (?), n. (Arch.) The hipped part of a roof which is hipped only for a part of its height, leaving a truncated gable.

Jerk"y (?), a. Moving by jerks and starts; characterized by abrupt transitions; as, a jerky vehicle; a jerky style.

Jer*moon"al (?), n. (Zoöl.) The Himalayan snow partridge.

Je*ron"y*mite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One belonging of the mediæval religious orders called Hermits of St. Jerome. [Written also Hieronymite.]

Jer`o*pig"i*a (?), n. See Geropigia.

Jer"quer (?), n. [Cf. F. chercher to search, E. search.] A customhouse officer who searches ships for unentered goods. [Eng.] [Written also jerguer.]

Jer"quing (?), n. The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.] [Written also jerguer.]

Jer"quing (?), n. The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.]

Jer"ry-built` (?), a. Built hastily and of bad materials; as, jerry-built houses. [Colloq. Eng.]

Jer"sey (?), n.; pl. Jerseys (#). [From Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands.]

1. The finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool; also, fine yarn of wool.

2. A kind of knitted jacket; hence, in general, a closefitting jacket or upper garment made of an elastic fabric (as stockinet).

3. One of a breed of cattle in the Island of Jersey. Jerseys are noted for the richness of their milk.

Je*ru"sa*lem (j&esl;*r&udd;"s&adot;*l&ebreve;m), n. [Gr. 'Ieroysalh`m, fr. Heb. Y&ebreve;rūshālaim.] The chief city of Palestine, intimately associated with the glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death of Jesus Christ.

Jerusalem artichoke [Perh. a corrupt. of It. girasole i.e., sunflower, or turnsole. See Gyre, Solar.] (Bot.) (a) An American plant, a perennial species of sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus), whose tubers are sometimes used as food. (b) One of the tubers themselves. -- Jerusalem cherry (Bot.), the popular name of either of two species of Solanum (S. Pseudo- capsicum and S. capsicastrum), cultivated as ornamental house plants. They bear bright red berries of about the size of cherries. -- Jerusalem oak (Bot.), an aromatic goosefoot (Chenopodium Botrys), common about houses and along roadsides. -- Jerusalem sage (Bot.), a perennial herb of the Mint family (Phlomis tuberosa). -- Jerusalem thorn (Bot.), a spiny, leguminous tree (Parkinsonia aculeata), widely dispersed in warm countries, and used for hedges. -- The New Jerusalem, Heaven; the Celestial City.

Jer"vine (?), n. [Prob. fr. Sp. yerba herb, OSp., the poison of the veratrum.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid resembling veratrine, and found with it in white hellebore (Veratrum album); -- called also jervina.

Jess (?), n.; pl. Jesses (#). [OF. gies, giez, prop. pl. of giet, get, jet, F. jet, a throwing, jess. See Jet a shooting forth.] (falconry) A short strap of leather or silk secured round the leg of a hawk, to which the leash or line, wrapped round the falconer's hand, was attached when used. See Illust. of Falcon.

Like a hawk, which feeling freed
From bells and jesses which did let her flight.
Spenser.

Jes"sa*mine (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Jasmine.

Jes"sant (?), a. (Her.) Springing up or emerging; -- said of a plant or animal.

Jes"se (?), n. [LL. Jesse, the father of David, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. Herb. Yishai.] Any representation or suggestion of the genealogy of Christ, in decorative art; as: (a) A genealogical tree represented in stained glass. (b) A candlestick with many branches, each of which bears the name of some one of the descendants of Jesse; -- called also tree of Jesse.

Jesse window (Arch.), a window of which the glazing and tracery represent the tree of Jesse.

Jessed (?), a. (Her.) Having jesses on, as a hawk.

Jest (?), n. [OE. jeste, geste, deed, action, story, tale, OF. geste, LL. gesta, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L. gestus, p. p. of gerere to bear, carry, accomplish, perform; perh. orig., to make to come, bring, and perh. akin to E. come. Cf. Gest a deed, Register, n.]

1. A deed; an action; a gest. [Obs.]

The jests or actions of princes.
Sir T. Elyot.

2. A mask; a pageant; an interlude. [Obs.] Nares.

He promised us, in honor of our guest,
To grace our banquet with some pompous jest.
Kyd.

3. Something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a witticism; a jocose or sportive remark or phrase. See Synonyms under Jest, v. i.

I must be sad . . . smile at no man's jests.
Shak.

The Right Honorable gentleman is indebted to his memory for his jests, and to his imagination for his facts.
Sheridan.

4. The object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock.

Then let me be your jest; I deserve it.
Shak.

In jest, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not in earnest.

And given in earnest what I begged in jest.
Shak.

-- Jest book, a book containing a collection of jests, jokes, and amusing anecdotes; a Joe Miller.

Jest, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jested; p. pr. & vb. n. Jesting.]

1. To take part in a merrymaking; -- especially, to act in a mask or interlude. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make light of anything.

He jests at scars that never felt a wound.
Shak.

Syn. -- To joke; sport; rally. -- To Jest, Joke. One jests in order to make others laugh; one jokes to please himself. A jest is usually at the expense of another, and is often ill-natured; a joke is a sportive sally designed to promote good humor without wounding the feelings of its object. "Jests are, therefore, seldom harmless; jokes frequently allowable. The most serious subject may be degraded by being turned into a jest." Crabb.

Jest"er, n. [Cf. Gestour.]

1. A buffoon; a merry-andrew; a court fool.

This . . . was Yorick's skull, the king's jester.
Shak.

Dressed in the motley garb that jesters wear.
Longfellow.

2. A person addicted to jesting, or to indulgence in light and amusing talk.

He ambled up and down
With shallow jesters.
Shak.

Jest"ful (?), a. Given to jesting; full of jokes.

Jest"ing, a. Sportive; not serious; fit for jests.

He will find that these are no jesting matters.
Macaulay.

Jest"ing, n. The act or practice of making jests; joking; pleasantry. Eph. v. 4.

Jest"ing*ly, adv. In a jesting manner.

Jes"u*it (?), n. [F. Jésuite, Sp. Jesuita: cf. It. Gesuita.]

1. (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and approved in 1540, under the title of The Society of Jesus.

&fist; The order consists of Scholastics, the Professed, the Spiritual Coadjutors, and the Temporal Coadjutors or Lay Brothers. The Jesuit novice after two years becomes a Scholastic, and takes his first vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience simply. Some years after, at the close of a second novitiate, he takes his second vows and is ranked among the Coadjutors or Professed. The Professed are bound by a fourth vow, from which only the pope can dispense, requiring them to go wherever the pope may send them for missionary duty. The Coadjutors teach in the schools, and are employed in general missionary labors. The Society is governed by a General who holds office for life. He has associated with him "Assistants" (five at the present time), representing different provinces. The Society was first established in the United States in 1807. The Jesuits have displayed in their enterprises a high degree of zeal, learning, and skill, but, by their enemies, have been generally reputed to use art and intrigue in promoting or accomplishing their purposes, whence the words Jesuit, Jesuitical, and the like, have acquired an opprobrious sense.

2. Fig.: A crafty person; an intriguer.

Jesuits' bark, Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain species of Cinchona; -- so called because its medicinal properties were first made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries to South America. -- Jesuits' drops. See Friar's balsam, under Friar. -- Jesuits' nut, the European water chestnut. -- Jesuits' powder, powdered cinchona bark. -- Jesuits' tea, a Chilian leguminous shrub, used as a tea and medicinally.

Jes"u*it*ed, a. Conforming to the principles of the Jesuits. Milton.

Jes"u*it*ess, n. [Cf. F. Jésuitesse.] (R. C. Hist.) One of an order of nuns established on the principles of the Jesuits, but suppressed by Pope Urban in 1633.

{ Jes`u*it"ic (?), Jes`u*it"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. jésuitique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Jesuits, or to their principles and methods.

2. Designing; cunning; deceitful; crafty; -- an opprobrious use of the word. Dryden.

Jes`u*it"ic*al*ly, adv. In a jesuitical manner.

Jes"u*it*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. jésuitisme.]

1. The principles and practices of the Jesuits.

2. Cunning; deceit; deceptive practices to effect a purpose; subtle argument; -- an opprobrious use of the word.

Jes`u*it*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Jesuit + -cracy, as in aristocracy.] Government by Jesuits; also, the whole body of Jesuits in a country. [R.] C. Kingsley.

Jes"u*it*ry (?), n. Jesuitism; subtle argument. [R.] Carlyle.

Je"sus (jē"zŭs), n. [L. Jesus, Gr. &?;, from Heb. Yēshūa'; Yāh Jehovah + hōshīa' to help.] The Savior; the name of the Son of God as announced by the angel to his parents; the personal name of Our Lord, in distinction from Christ, his official appellation. Luke i. 31.

Thou shalt call his name Jesus; for he shall save his people from their sins.
Matt. i. 21.

&fist;The form Jesu is often used, esp. in the vocative.

Jesu, do thou my soul receive.
Keble.

The Society of Jesus. See Jesuit.

Jet (?), n. Same as 2d Get. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Jet, n. [OF. jet, jayet, F. jaïet, jais, L. gagates, fr. Gr. &?;; -- so called from &?; or &?;, a town and river in Lycia.] [written also jeat, jayet.] (Min.) A variety of lignite, of a very compact texture and velvet black color, susceptible of a good polish, and often wrought into mourning jewelry, toys, buttons, etc. Formerly called also black amber.

Jet ant (Zoöl.), a blackish European ant (Formica fuliginosa), which builds its nest of a paperlike material in the trunks of trees.

Jet, n. [F. jet, OF. get, giet, L. jactus a throwing, a throw, fr. jacere to throw. Cf. Abject, Ejaculate, Gist, Jess, Jut.]

1. A shooting forth; a spouting; a spurt; a sudden rush or gush, as of water from a pipe, or of flame from an orifice; also, that which issues in a jet.

2. Drift; scope; range, as of an argument. [Obs.]

3. The sprue of a type, which is broken from it when the type is cold. Knight.

Jet propeller (Naut.), a device for propelling vessels by means of a forcible jet of water ejected from the vessel, as by a centrifugal pump. -- Jet pump, a device in which a small jet of steam, air, water, or other fluid, in rapid motion, lifts or otherwise moves, by its impulse, a larger quantity of the fluid with which it mingles.

Jet, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jetted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jetting.] [F. jeter, L. jactare, freq. fr. jacere to throw. See 3d Jet, and cf. Jut.]

1. To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to obtrude. [Obs.]

he jets under his advanced plumes!
Shak.

To jet upon a prince's right.
Shak.

2. To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken. [Obs.] Wiseman.

3. To shoot forward or out; to project; to jut out.

Jet, v. t. To spout; to emit in a stream or jet.

A dozen angry models jetted steam.
Tennyson.

Jet"-black` (?), a. Black as jet; deep black.

||Jet` d'eau" (?), pl. Jets d'eau (&?;). [F., a throw of water. See Jet a shooting forth.] A stream of water spouting from a fountain or pipe (especially from one arranged to throw water upward), in a public place or in a garden, for ornament.

||Jet"e*rus (?), n. (Bot.) A yellowness of the parts of plants which are normally green; yellows.

{ ||Jet"sam (?), ||Jet"son (?), } n. [F. jeter to throw: cf. OF. getaison a throwing. Cf. Flotsam, Jettison.]

1. (Mar. Law) Goods which sink when cast into the sea, and remain under water; -- distinguished from flotsam, goods which float, and ligan, goods which are sunk attached to a buoy.

2. Jettison. See Jettison, 1.

Jet"teau (j&ebreve;t"t&osl;), n. See Jet d'eau. [R.] Addison.

Jet"tee (-t&esl;), n. See Jetty, n. Burke.

Jet"ter (-t&etilde;r), n. One who struts; one who bears himself jauntily; a fop. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

Jet"ti*ness (-t&ibreve;*n&ebreve;s). n. The state of being jetty; blackness. Pennant.

Jet"ti*son (?). n. [See Jetsam.]

1. (Mar. Law) The throwing overboard of goods from necessity, in order to lighten a vessel in danger of wreck.

2. See Jetsam, 1.

Jet"ton (?), n. [F. jeton.] A metal counter used in playing cards.

Jet"ty (?), a. Made of jet, or like jet in color.

The people . . . are of a jetty.
Sir T. Browne.

Jet"ty, n.; pl. Jetties (#). [F. jetée a pier, a jetty, a causeway. See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Jutty.]

1. (Arch.) A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and overhangs the wall below.

2. A wharf or pier extending from the shore.

3. (Hydraul. Engin.) A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor; a mole; as, the Eads system of jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi River.

Jetty head (Naut.), a projecting part at the end of a wharf; the front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a dock.

Jet"ty, v. i. To jut out; to project. [Obs.] Florio.

||Jeu" d'es`prit" (?). [F., play of mind.] A witticism.

Jew (?), n. [OF. Juis, pl., F. Juif, L. Judaeus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the country of the Jews, Judea, fr. Heb. Y&?;h&?;dāh Judah, son of Jacob. Cf. Judaic.] Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah; after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite.

Jew's frankincense, gum styrax, or benzoin. -- Jew's mallow (Bot.), an annual herb (Corchorus olitorius) cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India for its fiber. -- Jew's pitch, asphaltum; bitumen. -- The Wandering Jew, an imaginary personage, who, for his cruelty to the Savior during his passion, is doomed to wander on the earth till Christ's second coming.

Jew"bush` (?), n. (Bot.) A euphorbiaceous shrub of the genus Pedilanthus (P. tithymaloides), found in the West Indies, and possessing powerful emetic and drastic qualities.

Jew"el (jū"&ebreve;l or j&udd;"&ebreve;l), n. [OE. juel, jowel, OF. jouel, juel, joiel, F. joyau, dim. of OF. joie joy, jewel, F. joie joy. See Joy.]

1. An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and having enamel or precious stones as a part of its design.

Plate of rare device, and jewels
Of rich and exquisite form.
Shak.

2. A precious stone; a gem. Shak.

3. An object regarded with special affection; a precious thing. "Our prince (jewel of children)." Shak.

4. A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or precious stone, as a ruby.

Jewel block (Naut.), block at the extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.

Jew"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeweled (?), or Jewelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeweling, or Jewelling.] To dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels, as a dress, a sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels.

The long gray tufts . . . are jeweled thick with dew.
M. Arnold.

Jew"el*er (?), n. [Cf. F. joaillier.] One who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and similar ornaments. [Written also jeweller.]

Jeweler's gold. See under Gold.

Jew"el*ler*y (?), n. See Jewelry. Burke.

Jew"el*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. joaillerie.]

1. The art or trade of a jeweler. Cotgrave.

2. Jewels, collectively; as, a bride's jewelry.

Jew"el*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Impatiens.

Jew"ess, n., fem. of Jew. A Hebrew woman.

Jew"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.)

1. A very large serranoid fish (Promicrops itaiara) of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. It often reaches the weight of five hundred pounds. Its color is olivaceous or yellowish, with numerous brown spots. Called also guasa, and warsaw.

2. A similar gigantic fish (Stereolepis gigas) of Southern California, valued as a food fish.

3. The black grouper of Florida and Texas.

4. A large herringlike fish; the tarpum.

Jew*ise" (?), n. Same as Juise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Jew"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews; characteristic of or resembling the Jews or their customs; Israelitish. -- Jew"ish*ly, adv. -- Jew"ish*ness, n.

Jew"ry (?), n. [OE. Jewerie, OF. Juierie, F. Juiverie.] Judea; also, a district inhabited by Jews; a Jews' quarter. Chaucer.

Teaching throughout all Jewry.
Luke xxiii. 5.

Jew's"-ear` (?), n. (Bot.) A species of fungus (Hirneola Auricula-Judæ, or Auricula), bearing some resemblance to the human ear.

Jew's-harp` (?), n. [Jew + harp; or possibly a corrupt. of jaw's harp; cf. G. maultrommel, lit., mouthdrum.] 1. An instrument of music, which, when placed between the teeth, gives, by means of a bent metal tongue struck by the finger, a sound which is modulated by the breath; -- called also Jew's-trump.

2. (Naut.) The shackle for joining a chain cable to an anchor.

{ Jew's-stone` (?), Jew"stone` (?) }, n. (Paleon.) A large clavate spine of a fossil sea urchin.

Jez"e*bel (?), n. [From Jezebel, Heb. Izebel, the wife of Ahab king of Israel.] A bold, vicious woman; a termagant. Spectator.

Jha"ral (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A wild goat (Capra Jemlaica) which inhabits the loftiest mountains of India. It has long, coarse hair, forming a thick mane on its head and neck.

Jib (?), n. [Named from its shifting from side to side. See Jib, v. i.., Jibe.]

1. (Naut.) A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from the foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large vessels often carry several jibs; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying jib; etc.

2. (Mach.) The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended.

Jib boom (Naut.), a spar or boom which serves as an extension of the bowsprit. It is sometimes extended by another spar called the flying jib boom. [Written also gib boom.] -- Jib crane (Mach.), a crane having a horizontal jib on which a trolley moves, bearing the load. -- Jib door (Arch.), a door made flush with the wall, without dressings or moldings; a disguised door. -- Jib header (Naut.), a gaff-topsail, shaped like a jib; a jib-headed topsail. -- Jib topsail (Naut.), a small jib set above and outside of all the other jibs. -- The cut of one's jib, one's outward appearance. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

Jib (?), v. i. [Connected with jibe; cf. OF. giber to shake.] To move restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse; to balk. [Written also jibb.] [Eng.]

Jib"ber (?), n. A horse that jibs. [Eng.]

Jibe (jīb), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jibed (jībd); p. pr. & vb. n. Jibing (jīb"&ibreve;ng).] [Cf. Dan. gibbe, D. gijpen, v. i., and dial. Sw. gippa to jerk. Cf. Jib, n. & v. i.] (Naut.) To shift, as the boom of a fore-and-aft sail, from one side of a vessel to the other when the wind is aft or on the quarter. See Gybe.

Jibe, v. i. 1. (Naut.) To change a ship's course so as to cause a shifting of the boom. See Jibe, v. t., and Gybe.

2. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq.] Bartlett.

Jif"fy (?), n. [Perh. corrupt. fr. gliff.] [Written also giffy.] A moment; an instant; as, I will be ready in a jiffy. [Colloq.] J. & H. Smith.

Jig (?), n. [OF. gigue a stringed instrument, a kind of dance, F. gigue dance, tune, gig; of German origin; cf. MHG. gīge fiddle, G. geige. Cf. Gig a fiddle, Gig a whirligig.]

1. (Mus.) A light, brisk musical movement.

Hot and hasty, like a Scotch jig.
Shak.

3. A light, humorous piece of writing, esp. in rhyme; a farce in verse; a ballad. [Obs.]

A jig shall be clapped at, and every rhyme
Praised and applauded.
Beau. & Fl.

4. A piece of sport; a trick; a prank. [Obs.]

Is't not a fine jig,
A precious cunning, in the late Protector?
Beau. & Fl.

5. A trolling bait, consisting of a bright spoon and a hook attached.

6. (Mach.) (a) A small machine or handy tool; esp.: (Metal Working) A contrivance fastened to or inclosing a piece of work, and having hard steel surfaces to guide a tool, as a drill, or to form a shield or templet to work to, as in filing. (b) (Mining) An apparatus or a machine for jigging ore.

Drill jig, a jig for guiding a drill. See Jig, 6 (a). -- Jig drilling, Jig filing (Metal Working), a process of drilling or filing in which the action of the tool is directed or limited by a jig. -- Jig saw, a sawing machine with a narrow, vertically reciprocating saw, used to cut curved and irregular lines, or ornamental patterns in openwork, a scroll saw; -- called also gig saw.

Jig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jigging (?).]

1. To sing to the tune of a jig.

Jig off a tune at the tongue's end.
Shak.

2. To trick or cheat; to cajole; to delude. Ford.

3. (Mining) To sort or separate, as ore in a jigger or sieve. See Jigging, n.

4. (Metal Working) To cut or form, as a piece of metal, in a jigging machine.

Jig, v. i. To dance a jig; to skip about.

You jig, you amble, and you lisp.
Shak.

Jig"ger (?), n. [A corrupt. of chigre.] (Zoöl.) A species of flea (Sarcopsylla, or Pulex, penetrans), which burrows beneath the skin. See Chigoe.

Jig"ger, n. [See Jig, n. & v.]

1. One who, or that which, jigs; specifically, a miner who sorts or cleans ore by the process of jigging; also, the sieve used in jigging.

2. (Pottery) (a) A horizontal table carrying a revolving mold, on which earthen vessels are shaped by rapid motion; a potter's wheel. (b) A templet or tool by which vessels are shaped on a potter's wheel.

3. (Naut.) (a) A light tackle, consisting of a double and single block and the fall, used for various purposes, as to increase the purchase on a topsail sheet in hauling it home; the watch tackle. Totten. (b) A small fishing vessel, rigged like a yawl. [New Eng.] (c) A supplementary sail. See Dandy, n., 2 (b).

4. A pendulum rolling machine for slicking or graining leather; same as Jack, 4 (i).

Jigger mast. (Naut.) (a) The after mast of a four-masted vessel. (b) The small mast set at the stern of a yawl-rigged boat.

Jig"ging (?), n. (Mining) The act or using a jig; the act of separating ore with a jigger, or wire-bottomed sieve, which is moved up and down in water.

Jigging machine. (a) (Mining) A machine for separating ore by the process of jigging. (b) (Metal Working) A machine with a rotary milling cutter and a templet by which the action of the cutter is guided or limited; -- used for forming the profile of an irregularly shaped piece; a profiling machine.

Jig"gish (?), a. 1. Resembling, or suitable for, a jig, or lively movement. Tatler.

2. Playful; frisky. [R.]

She is never sad, and yet not jiggish.
Habington.

Jig"gle (?), v. i. [Freq. of jig.] To wriggle or frisk about; to move awkwardly; to shake up and down.

Jig"jog` (?), n. A jolting motion; a jogging pace.

Jig"jog, a. Having a jolting motion.

Jill (?), n. [See Gill sweetheart.] A young woman; a sweetheart. See Gill. Beau. & Fl.

Jill"-flirt` (?), n. A light, giddy, or wanton girl or woman. See Gill-flirt.

Jilt (?), n. [Contr. fr. Scot. jillet a giddy girl, a jill-flirt, dim. of jill a jill.] A woman who capriciously deceives her lover; a coquette; a flirt. Otway.

Jilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jilting.] To cast off capriciously or unfeelingly, as a lover; to deceive in love. Locke.

Jilt, v. i. To play the jilt; to practice deception in love; to discard lovers capriciously. Congreve.

Jim"crack` (?), n. See Gimcrack.

Jim"-crow` (?), n. (Mach.) 1. A machine for bending or straightening rails.

2. A planing machine with a reversing tool, to plane both ways.

Jim"my (?), n.; pl. Jimmies (#). [Cf. Jemmy.] A short crowbar used by burglars in breaking open doors. [Written also jemmy.]

Jimp (?), a. [Cf. Gimp, a.] Neat; handsome; elegant. See Gimp.

Jim"son weed` (?). See Jamestown weed. [Local, U.S.]

{ Jin, Jinn (?) }, n. See Jinnee. "Solomon is said to have had power over the jin." Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Jin*gal" (?), n. [Hind. jangāl a swivel, a large musket.] A small portable piece of ordnance, mounted on a swivel. [Written also gingal and jingall.] [India]

Jin"gle (?), v. i. [OE. gingelen, ginglen; prob. akin to E. chink; cf. also E. jangle.]

<